JP2014005431A - Crude hydrocarbon purification system, crude hydrocarbon purification method, and production system and production method of hydrocarbon oil - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a crude hydrocarbon purification system in which target oil can be efficiently purified at a low temperature without using a Fischer-Tropsch synthesis catalyst.SOLUTION: A purification apparatus 10 in which a crude hydrocarbon from a pyrolysis plant is purified includes: a first purification apparatus that includes: a crude hydrocarbon introducing port 1 into which the crude hydrocarbon discharged from the pyrolysis plant is introduced; a superheated steam introducing port 2 into which superheated steam as a carrier gas is introduced; heating means 3 that heats the crude hydrocarbon; separation means 4 in which the heated crude hydrocarbon is separated into a gas component and a liquid component; a gas discharge port 5 that discharges the separated gas component; and a liquid discharge port 6 that discharges the separated liquid component; and a subsequent-stage purification apparatus that purifies the liquid discharged from the liquid discharge port of the first purification apparatus.

Description

  The present invention relates to a crude hydrocarbon purification system, a production method, a hydrocarbon oil production system, and a production method. More specifically, the present invention relates to a purification system and a purification method for purifying crude hydrocarbons generated by thermal decomposition, and a hydrocarbon oil production system and production method using these.

  Conventionally, a method for refining oil by pyrolysis from carbonaceous raw materials such as waste and sludge is known. For example, Patent Document 1 discloses that solid waste can be efficiently and easily gasified and reformed simultaneously with carbonization in one furnace, and at that time, calorific value can be easily and stably gasified. For the purpose of providing a waste recycling treatment method and waste recycling treatment system suitable for small and medium-sized facilities that can efficiently recycle useful gas and liquid fuel even if the equipment scale is small, solid waste is discharged from the inlet side together with superheated steam. It is put into a carbonization / gasification furnace that is inclined downward toward the side, and in this carbonization / gasification furnace, it is carbonized by pyrolysis without being heated and burned indirectly by an electric heater in an air-blocked state. Pyrolytic carbonization and gas generation that generates a dry distillation gas mainly composed of hydrogen and carbon monoxide by causing the water gas shift reaction with the heat by increasing the amount of accumulation of the carbide in the furnace toward the outlet side. And step, waste reproduction processing method characterized by having a liquid fuel step of liquid fuel by using a Fischer-Tropsch synthesis catalyst of this carbonization gas is disclosed.

  Further, in Patent Document 2, (a) a part of the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis product is evaporated in a gas and liquid fraction in the presence of a dilute gas stream, and the liquid fraction is further separated from the remaining gas / oil mixture. Fischer-Tropsch comprising: (b) heating the gas / oil mixture to a high temperature; and (c) performing a thermal conversion step on the heated gas / oil mixture to obtain a lower olefin. A process for the production of lower olefins from synthetic products is disclosed.

JP 2008-260832 A Special table 2008-515855 gazette

  However, it has been common to use a Fischer-Tropsch synthesis catalyst in the methods of Patent Document 1 and Patent Document 2 to produce the target oil.

  However, the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis catalyst consumes a lot of energy because it is processed at high temperatures and pressures, and uses extremely high pressure-resistant and heat-resistant materials. The target oil was not obtained unless the synthetic catalyst was changed frequently. Furthermore, in the method of the prior art, syngas is generated at a high temperature of 900 ° C. or higher, and this is converted to the target oil by the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis catalyst, resulting in a great energy loss.

Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a crude hydrocarbon purification system capable of efficiently purifying a target oil at a low temperature without using a Fischer-Tropsch synthesis catalyst.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for purifying crude hydrocarbons that can efficiently purify a target oil at a low temperature without using a Fischer-Tropsch synthesis catalyst.

  Still another object of the present invention is to provide a hydrocarbon oil production system and production method based on a pyrolysis system capable of efficiently purifying a target oil at a low temperature without using a Fischer-Tropsch synthesis catalyst. That is.

The present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and relates to the following items.
(First invention)
1. A crude hydrocarbon inlet for introducing the crude hydrocarbon discharged from the thermal decomposition apparatus;
A superheated steam inlet for introducing superheated steam as a carrier gas;
Heating means for heating the crude hydrocarbon;
Separation means for separating the heated crude hydrocarbon into a gas component and a liquid component;
A gas outlet for discharging the separated gas component;
A liquid outlet for discharging the separated liquid component;
A first purification device comprising:
A subsequent purification device for purifying the liquid discharged from the liquid discharge port of the first purification device;
An oil storage tank for collecting and storing the refined oil;
A crude hydrocarbon refining system comprising:

2 The second-stage purification apparatus includes a second purification apparatus for removing impurities from the liquid discharged from the liquid discharge port of the first purification apparatus under heating and pressurization, and the second purification apparatus. A third purification device that removes solids from the liquid from which impurities have been removed, a fourth purification device that further purifies the liquid purified by the third purification device, and a purification device that is purified by the fourth purification device. A fifth purification device for further purifying the liquid, and a sixth purification device having a separation tank for storing the separated liquid component for separating the liquid component generated in the third purification device into moisture and hydrocarbons; 2. The crude hydrocarbon according to 1, comprising a liquid purified by the fifth purification device and an oil storage tank for storing hydrocarbons stored in a separation tank of the sixth purification device. Purification system.

3. The crude hydrocarbon purification system according to 1 or 2, wherein the heating means of the first purification device is superheated steam heated to 350 to 600 ° C.
[4] The crude hydrocarbon purification system according to any one of [1] to [3], wherein the separation means of the first purification apparatus is a plurality of vertically arranged multi-hole plates.

(Second invention)
5. A method for refining crude hydrocarbons that purifies crude hydrocarbons discharged from a thermal cracking apparatus into a desired oil,
A first step in which the crude hydrocarbon from the thermal decomposition apparatus is heated to 350 to 600 ° C., and superheated steam is blown to separate the liquid component and the gas component;
A second step of removing impurities from the liquid component mainly composed of hydrocarbons separated in the first step;
A third step of separating the liquid from which impurities have been removed in the second step into a solid component, a liquid component, and a gas component, and removing the solid component;
A fourth step of purifying a desired oil component from the liquid component separated in the third step;
A fifth step of separating the gas component separated in the third step into moisture and a hydrocarbon component as a desired oil component;
A sixth step of recovering the desired oil component purified in the fourth step;
A method for purifying crude hydrocarbons, comprising:

(Third invention)
6 a pyrolysis apparatus for pyrolyzing carbonaceous raw materials in a temperature range of 450 ° C. to 1000 ° C.
A purification system for refining crude hydrocarbons generated by the thermal decomposition in the thermal decomposition;
A hydrocarbon oil production system for producing a desired oil by thermal decomposition comprising:
The said refiner | purifier is the crude hydrocarbon refinement | purification system of any one of 1-4, The hydrocarbon oil manufacturing system characterized by the above-mentioned.

7. The hydrocarbon oil production system according to 6, wherein the carbonaceous raw material is at least one selected from the group consisting of waste, sludge, woody solid, plant residue, seaweed, and algae.

8. The hydrocarbon oil production system according to 7, wherein the carbonaceous raw material is a biological carbonaceous material.

9 The hydrocarbon oil production system according to 7, wherein the carbonaceous raw material is waste.

10 The thermal decomposition apparatus has a superheated steam generation line comprising a water supply tank, a boiler for heating the water in the water supply tank, and a superheated steam generator for heating the water heated by the boiler, 10. The hydrocarbon oil production system according to any one of claims 6 to 9, wherein the generated superheated steam is used as a carrier gas for the thermal decomposition apparatus and also as a carrier gas for the first purification apparatus. .

11 The hydrocarbon oil production system according to 10, wherein the superheated steam generation line has two or more superheated steam generation devices.

12. The hydrocarbon oil production system according to 11, wherein a power generator is provided between the superheated steam generators.

13. The hydrocarbon oil production system according to any one of 10 to 12, wherein the water stored in the water supply tank is preheated and then heated by the boiler.

14. The pyrolysis apparatus includes an oxygen / hydrogen mixed gas supply device that supplies a predetermined amount of an oxygen / hydrogen mixed gas having a predetermined oxygen / hydrogen molar ratio. The hydrocarbon oil production system described in 1.

15. The hydrocarbon oil production system according to 14, wherein the oxygen / hydrogen mixed gas supply device is provided with an electrolysis device for electrolyzing water.

16 The oxygen / hydrogen mixed gas supply device superheats oxygen / hydrogen-containing water generated when water is electrolyzed by a superheated steam generator to supply superheated steam containing oxygen / hydrogen to the thermal decomposition device. 16. The hydrocarbon oil production system according to 15, wherein

  The hydrocarbon oil production system according to any one of claims 6 to 16, wherein a pretreatment device for pretreating a carbonaceous raw material as the raw material is provided in a front stage of the pyrolysis device.

18 The pretreatment device includes a cylindrical device main body, a waste input port provided on an upper side surface of the device main body, a pressing device for pressing the top of the device main body downward by a stroke, and the pressing A presser disk that is connected to a device and pushes down the waste thrown into the device main body by the pressing device; and a rotary cutting device having a blade attached to the bottom of the device main body. 17. The hydrocarbon oil production system according to 17.

[19] The hydrocarbon oil production system according to any one of [6] to [18], further comprising heat storage means for recovering exhaust heat from the thermal decomposition apparatus.

20 The heat storage means collects exhaust heat from the apparatus main body, a heat storage apparatus that stores heat from the heat collection furnace, and supplies heat from the heat storage furnace to the heat storage apparatus The hydrocarbon oil production system according to claim 19, comprising a heat circulation line including a heat transport medium that circulates between the heat collecting furnace and the heat storage device.

21. The hydrocarbon oil production system according to 20, wherein the heat storage device is provided with a power generation system, a hot water supply system or both as a secondary side that generates electricity using heat stored in the heat storage device.

22 The power generation system is mainly composed of a piston motor, a cooling device, the heat storage device, and a circulation gas passage circulating between them, and the pressure of the circulation gas heated and expanded by the heat storage device is 22. The hydrocarbon oil production system according to 21, wherein the hydrocarbon oil production system is configured to be converted into a rotational force by a piston motor and generate electric power by the generator.

[23] The hydrocarbon oil production system according to any one of [17] to [22], wherein the pretreatment device is a drying device that dries a treatment product by heat of exhaust gas exhausted from the thermal decomposition device.

[24] The waste disposal system according to any one of [6] to [23], wherein the hydrocarbon oil production system can be remotely operated by a terminal.

(Fourth invention)
25. A hydrocarbon production method for producing a hydrocarbon oil having a predetermined molecular weight range from a carbonaceous raw material,
A pyrolysis step of pyrolyzing the carbonaceous raw material to produce a crude hydrocarbon oil;
The refined crude hydrocarbon oil is subjected to the following steps:
A first step in which the crude hydrocarbon from the thermal decomposition apparatus is heated to 350 to 600 ° C., and superheated steam is blown to separate the liquid component and the gas component;
A second step of removing impurities from the liquid component mainly composed of hydrocarbons separated in the first step;
A third step of separating the liquid from which impurities have been removed in the second step into a solid component, a liquid component, and a gas component, and removing the solid component;
A fourth step of purifying a desired oil component from the liquid component separated in the third step;
A fifth step of separating the gas component separated in the third step into moisture and a hydrocarbon component as a desired oil component;
A sixth step of recovering the desired oil component purified in the fourth step;
A method for producing a hydrocarbon oil, comprising a step of purifying and recovering by a process.

26. The method for producing hydrocarbon oil according to 25, wherein the gas component generated in the step 1 is returned to the thermal decomposition step.

  According to the first and second inventions, the crude hydrocarbon refining system of the present invention can purify a desired hydrocarbon oil at a relatively low temperature and low pressure without using a catalyst that operates at high temperature and high pressure. Is possible.

According to the third and fourth inventions, it is possible to produce a hydrocarbon oil based on thermal cracking capable of purifying a desired hydrocarbon oil at a relatively low temperature and low pressure.
Therefore, it is possible to perform high-performance melting processing in a small space without depending on the state of waste.

  It is a partially cutaway sectional view showing an example of the crude oil refining device of the present invention.   It is drawing which shows the whole crude oil refinement | purification apparatus of this invention.   It is a flowchart which shows the crude oil refinement | purification method of this invention.   It is drawing which shows an example of the hydrocarbon oil manufacturing system of this invention.   (A), (b), and (c) are drawings which show an example of the oxygen / hydrogen mixed gas supply apparatus in the hydrocarbon oil manufacturing system shown in FIG. 4, respectively.   It is drawing which shows an example of a structure of the oxygen / hydrogen supply apparatus shown in FIG.   It is drawing which shows another example of a structure of the oxygen / hydrogen supply apparatus shown in FIG.   It is drawing which shows the grinding | pulverization apparatus which is an example of the pre-processing apparatus in the hydrocarbon oil manufacturing system shown in FIG.   It is drawing which shows an example of the electric power generation system which is incidental equipment in the hydrocarbon oil manufacturing system shown in FIG.   It is drawing which shows an example which shows the effective utilization of the heat | fever in the hydrocarbon oil manufacturing system shown in FIG.   It is drawing which shows an example which shows the effective utilization of the heat | fever in the hydrocarbon oil manufacturing system shown in FIG.   It is drawing which shows an example of the electric power generation system which is incidental equipment in the hydrocarbon oil manufacturing system shown in FIG. 4 shown in FIG.   FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating an example of a hot water supply system in the waste treatment system.   It is drawing which shows the example which remote-controls the hydrocarbon oil manufacturing system of this invention.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
(First embodiment)
First, the crude hydrocarbon refining system according to the first invention will be described with reference to FIG. 1 and FIG.

  The crude hydrocarbon refining system of the present invention is a system for recovering hydrocarbons in a desired range (molecular weight range) by purifying crude hydrocarbons produced by pyrolysis described later.

  The refiner 10 includes a crude hydrocarbon inlet 1 for introducing crude hydrocarbons discharged from the thermal decomposition apparatus, a superheated steam inlet 2 for introducing superheated steam as a carrier gas, and heating for heating the crude hydrocarbons. Means 3, separation means 4 for separating the heated crude hydrocarbon into a gas component and a liquid component, a gas outlet 5 for discharging the separated gas component, and a liquid outlet 6 for discharging the separated liquid component , And subsequent purification apparatuses 11 to 16 (see FIG. 2) for purifying the liquid discharged from the liquid discharge port of the first purification apparatus, and the purified oil It consists of an oil storage tank for storage.

  In the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, superheated steam used as a carrier gas is used as the heating means 3, but the present invention is not limited to this, and a heating means such as a heater may be provided in the main body of the purification apparatus 10. The heating temperature also depends on the oil to be purified, but is generally 350 ° C. to 600 ° C., preferably around 500 ° C. If desired, an impurity removing means (for example, a filter / catalyst) for removing impurities before gas-liquid separation may be provided. The superheated steam generator is a device that further superheats the steam heated by the hot water supply device 21 as shown in FIG.

  In this way, the crude hydrocarbon introduced from the thermal decomposition apparatus is mixed with the superheated hydrogen introduced from the superheated steam inlet 2 and is provided in a multi-stage type (four stages in the example of FIG. 1). Is separated into a liquid component and a gas component having a high specific gravity.

  The gaseous component is generally a lower hydrocarbon gas and is discharged from the gas outlet 5 and is usually returned to the pyrolyzer as a fuel source.

  On the other hand, the separated liquid component passes through the liquid discharge port 6 and is repeatedly purified through the subsequent purification apparatus shown in FIG. 2, and stored in the oil storage tank as an oil component.

  In this way, the crude hydrocarbon refining system of the present invention is a system for refining and recovering powdered hydrocarbons discharged from the thermal cracking apparatus to a desired oil, for example, light oil, kerosene grade or diesel oil grade. Although it is the crude hydrocarbon purification system of the invention, it is usually preferable to provide a purification apparatus as shown in FIG. 2 after the first purification apparatus.

  In the example shown in FIG. 2, the liquid component (crude hydrocarbon) separated by gas and liquid in the first purification device is purified by the second to sixth purification devices 11-16 and stored in the oil storage tank 17 as desired oil. An example is shown.

  The second purification device is a device that removes impurities by performing rapid filtration of the liquid component from the first purification device 10 to increase the flow rate by pressurization and heating. The conditions for increasing the flow rate, that is, the pressurizing / heating conditions, are appropriately set depending on the viscosity, boiling point, etc. of the liquid and are not particularly limited. Further, the oil content in a predetermined range may be recovered as it is in the oil storage tank 17 using a temperature difference or the like.

  In this way, the liquid component (hydrocarbon) from which the impurities have been separated is then separated into a solid component, a gas component, and a liquid component by the third purification device (separated by a difference in boiling point). The solid component is a polymer hydrocarbon generally called a tar content or a resin content, and is separated and removed.

  The separated liquid component is then refined to a desired range of oil by the fourth and fifth refining devices and collected and stored in the oil storage tank 17. In this embodiment, two purification devices, the fourth purification device and the fifth purification device, are used. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and even if there is one, there are three or more. May be.

  On the other hand, the gas component separated by the third purifier is a mixture of lower hydrocarbon and water having a relatively large molecular weight, and the sixth purifier comprising the heating means 15 and the separation tank 16 causes a difference in boiling point. Separated into water and oil.

  The separated water is sent to the hot water supply device 21 and used again as superheated steam. On the other hand, the separated oil is sent to the oil storage tank 17 and collected and stored.

(Second Embodiment)
Next, a second embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG.
As shown in FIG. 3, in the crude hydrocarbon refining method of the present invention, first, the crude hydrocarbon from the thermal cracking apparatus is heated to 350 to 600 ° C., and superheated steam is blown to separate it into a liquid component and a gas component (crude carbonization). Hydrogen gas-liquid separation S1).

  Next, impurities are removed from the liquid component mainly composed of hydrocarbons separated by the crude hydrocarbon gas-liquid separation S1 (impurity removal S2).

  Subsequently, S3 which isolate | separates the liquid which removed the impurity by S2 into a solid component, a liquid component, and a gaseous component. The separated solid components (mainly tar content and resin content) are removed.

  S4 which refine | purifies a desired oil component from the liquid component isolate | separated by process S3. In addition, the refinement | purification of the oil component of process S4 is repeated 1 to several times, and refine | purified oil is collect | recovered (S6).

  The gas component separated in step S is separated into moisture and a hydrocarbon component as a desired oil component (S5), and the oil component recovered in step S5 is recovered (S6).

  As explained above, the crude hydrocarbon refining system according to the first embodiment of the present invention and the crude hydrocarbon refining method according to the second embodiment separate the crude hydrocarbons by the difference in boiling points, remove impurities, By repetitively removing solids such as tar and removing moisture, the oil is refined to the target oil with high purity, so the temperature and temperature are lower than when using a conventional Fischer-Tropsch synthesis catalyst. Oil can be purified by pressure. Therefore, it is possible to efficiently purify hydrocarbons generated by thermal decomposition using a thermal decomposition apparatus.

(Third embodiment)
Next, a third embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. The third embodiment is an oil production system based on a pyrolysis system incorporating the crude hydrocarbon refining system of the present invention according to the first embodiment.

  In this embodiment, pyrolysis is mainly performed using municipal waste (waste) as a carbonaceous raw material to produce crude hydrocarbons, which are purified by the crude hydrocarbon refining system according to the first embodiment to obtain a desired oil. However, the present invention is not limited to such an embodiment, and can be widely applied.

  For example, wastes, sludge, woody solids, plant residues, seaweeds, algae, waste plastics, waste tires and the like can be cited as carbonaceous raw materials that are applicable to the present invention. It is a well-known matter in the art to arrange the necessary pre-processing equipment and post-processing equipment according to these starting materials.

  In the embodiment shown in FIG. 4, since waste is assumed, the pulverization device 41, the drying device 42, and the sorting device 43 are arranged in the previous stage of the thermal decomposition apparatus 30, and the first embodiment is arranged in the subsequent stage of the thermal decomposition apparatus 30. It is the structure which has arrange | positioned the crude hydrocarbon refining system which concerns on this. The configuration of the crude hydrocarbon refining system according to the first embodiment arranged at the subsequent stage of the thermal decomposition apparatus 30 is the same as the configuration of the crude hydrocarbon refining system according to the first embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 and 2. Therefore, the detailed description is abbreviate | omitted.

  In addition, the pyrolysis apparatus 30 used in the present invention is not a high-temperature type pyrolysis apparatus that generates a syngas from a carbonaceous raw material at a high temperature of 1000 ° C. or higher. It employs a pyrolyzer that thermally decomposes at a temperature of

  Therefore, the oil production system based on the thermal decomposition system of the present invention can be operated with low energy coupled with the use of the crude hydrocarbon refining system according to the first embodiment as an oil refining system.

  In addition, it is preferable to provide the thermal decomposition apparatus 30 described in FIG. 4 with the oxygen / hydrogen supply apparatus 31 demonstrated below in FIGS. The thermal decomposition apparatus 30 provided with the oxygen / hydrogen supply apparatus 31 is novel. Therefore, the present invention extends to a pyrolysis apparatus equipped with an oxygen / hydrogen supply device.

  As shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, the oxygen / hydrogen supply device 31 in the present invention is mainly composed of a water electrolysis device 31A.

  As shown in FIG. 6, a water electrolysis device is a well-known device that provides water (electrolyte aqueous solution) with an anode and a cathode and separates water into oxygen and hydrogen by applying a predetermined voltage (usually oxygen). 1: Hydrogen 1).

  The oxygen and hydrogen generated at this time can be supplied to the melting furnace main body 1 as an oxygen / hydrogen mixed solution as shown in FIG. 5A, for example. For example, as shown in FIG. Can be stored in advance in the oxygen tank 31B and the hydrogen tank 31C, respectively, and the stored oxygen and hydrogen can be separately mixed and supplied to the thermal decomposition apparatus 301. Further, as shown in FIG. 5 (c), in addition to oxygen and hydrogen separately stored, concentrated oxygen is separately added by a hydrogen supply source 31E such as an oxygen concentrator PSA 31D or a hydrogen cylinder, and the thermal decomposition apparatus 30. It is also possible to add to.

  The present invention is characterized in that the furnace temperature is rapidly made uniform by supplying a predetermined amount of oxygen / hydrogen mixed gas to the thermal decomposition apparatus 30. In the present invention, the temperature in the furnace of the thermal decomposition apparatus 30 is lowered when the carbonaceous raw material that is the processed product is charged, and temperature unevenness occurs in the furnace. At that time, by introducing a predetermined amount of oxygen / hydrogen mixed gas, the oxygen / hydrogen mixed gas acts as a combustion aid, and the furnace temperature can be made uniform.

  In general, the oxygen / hydrogen gas mixture in the oxygen / hydrogen gas mixed gas supply apparatus according to the present invention has an oxygen / hydrogen mixture ratio (molar ratio, the same applies hereinafter) of 1: 2. In order to prevent generation, the amount of hydrogen can be excessive (usually 1: 4 to 5).

  The oxygen / hydrogen mixed gas spontaneously burns when the temperature reaches the ignition point. A mixed gas of oxygen and hydrogen of 1: 2 (hydrogen explosion gas) has an ignition point of about 570 ° C. at normal pressure. The minimum spark energy required to ignite such a gas mixture is about 20 microjoules. At normal temperature and pressure, oxyhydrogen gas is combustible when hydrogen occupies 4% to 95% of the volume.

  Once ignited, the oxygen / hydrogen mixed gas is converted into water vapor by an exothermic reaction, and the reaction is continued by the exotherm. It generates 241.8 kJ of energy (low calorific value) per 1 mol of hydrogen burned. The amount of heat energy generated is not affected by the type of combustion, but the flame temperature varies. When the composition of oxygen and hydrogen is adjusted precisely, the flame reaches a maximum of about 2800 ° C., which is 700 ° C. higher than when hydrogen gas is burned in the atmosphere. When the mixing ratio is not 2: 1 or when an inert gas such as nitrogen is mixed, the temperature is lowered because heat diffuses to a larger volume.

  In the furnace of the thermal decomposition apparatus 30 of the present invention, the composition of the treated product, for example, the waste product, is not constant, so the oxygen: hydrogen ratio during the melting process is not constant. Therefore, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the hydrogen: oxygen ratio is adjusted by changing the amount of oxygen: hydrogen added so that the oxygen: hydrogen ratio in the furnace approaches 2: 1.

  The oxygen: hydrogen mixing ratio is adjusted, for example, as shown in FIG. 5B or preferably FIG. 5C, in which oxygen gas and hydrogen gas are stored separately and mixed at a predetermined mixing ratio before thermal decomposition. It can be implemented by introducing it into the device 30.

  In order to bring the oxygen / hydrogen mixing ratio in the furnace of the thermal decomposition apparatus 30 close to 2: 1, it is important to monitor the furnace temperature (temperature distribution). In order to monitor the temperature in the furnace, it is preferable that the thermal decomposition apparatus 30 is provided with a temperature measuring means (not shown) at a predetermined location. As the temperature measuring means, an infrared pyrometry camera, a thermocouple, particularly a metal carbon-based thermocouple can be used. By using these, the temperature in the furnace can be monitored.

  In addition to the mixing ratio of oxygen and hydrogen, the supply amount of oxygen / hydrogen mixed gas is also an important factor. That is, if the introduction amount of the oxygen / hydrogen mixed gas is small, the auxiliary combustion action by the oxygen / hydrogen mixed gas is not sufficient, and if it is too large, the consumption amount of the oxygen / hydrogen mixed gas is wasted.

  By changing the ratio and the supply amount of such oxygen / hydrogen mixed gas and, in particular, by introducing the oxygen / hydrogen mixed gas apparatus 2 into the plasma melting furnace main body 1 in accordance with the change state of the furnace temperature, It is possible to keep the furnace temperature appropriately following the changes in the furnace environment at the time of charging.

  As shown in FIG. 7, the oxygen / hydrogen mixed gas supply device 31 of the present invention electrolyzes water from the water supply tank 20 with an electrolyzer 31A, and the electrolyzed water (containing oxygen and hydrogen) is secondly added. The superheated steam generator can supply the thermal decomposition apparatus 30 as superheated steam containing an oxygen / hydrogen mixed gas. At this time, the superheated steam temperature needs to be sufficiently lower than the ignition point of 570 ° C.

  In the hydrocarbon oil production system according to the third embodiment of the present invention shown in FIG. 4, when so-called municipal waste or general waste is used as a carbonaceous raw material, it is preferable to use, for example, a pulverizer 41 shown in FIG. .

The crushing device 41 shown in FIG. 8 includes a cylindrical device main body 41A, a waste input port 41B provided on the upper side surface of the device main body, and a pressing device for pressing downward on the top of the device main body by a stroke. 41C (for example, an air cylinder) and a pressing device 41C are connected to a pressing disk 41D fitted to the device main body 41A for pushing the waste put into the device main body 41A downward by the pressing device 41C, and to the bottom of the device main body 41A It is preferable to include a rotary cutting device 41E (rotated by a motor 41D) to which a blade is attached.

  If comprised in this way, the waste thrown in from the waste input port 41B will be cut | disconnected by a one-stroke to a predetermined dimension by rotation of the rotary cutting device 41E as it goes below the arrow with a press means. Accordingly, it is possible to cut the waste into a predetermined size in a space-saving manner.

  In the case where the size of the waste is considerably large or the waste is assumed to include a large size waste, it is also effective to roughly pulverize by a known method.

  In addition, the cylindrical device body 41A, the waste input port 41B provided on the upper side surface of the device body, and the pressing device 41C (for example, air) for pressing downward on the top of the device body by a stroke. Cylinder) and a pressing device 41C, and a pressing disk 41D that pushes down the waste put into the device main body 41A by the pressing device 41C; a rotary cutting device 41E with a blade attached to the bottom of the device main body 41A; The waste pre-treatment device with is new. Therefore, the present invention extends to such a pretreatment device and a waste treatment system including the same.

  The waste as the carbonaceous raw material adjusted to the predetermined size in this way is dried by the dryer 42 until the predetermined moisture content is reached, then processed by the thermal decomposition apparatus 30 of the present invention, and is subjected to crude carbonization. The desired oil is recovered by purification with a hydrogen purification system.

  The exhaust heat generated in this system can be converted into electric power by a conventionally known power generation system, or can be effectively used after the exhaust heat is stored in a heat storage device.

  FIG. 9 is a diagram showing a configuration in the case where exhaust heat generated in the oil production system of the present invention is used for power generation.

  As shown in FIG. 9, the power generation system includes a heat storage system 44 </ b> A and a heat storage device 44 </ b> C, a heat storage system configured by a heat transport line 30 </ b> B that transports heat between the heat collection furnace 44 </ b> A and the heat storage device 44 </ b> C, and a heat storage device 44 </ b> C. And a power generation system that generates power using the heat stored in the unit.

  The power generation system mainly includes a piston motor 44D, a cooling device 44G, a heat storage device 44C, and a circulation gas (non-combustible gas having a high expansion coefficient) circulating between them (gas circulation line 44D). The pressure (for example, 0.5 Mpa) by the circulating gas heated and expanded by 44C is converted into a rotational force by the piston motor 44D and the generator 44E generates electric power. In addition, it is preferable to make it the structure which increases a rotation speed via the speed increasing apparatus which is not shown in figure between piston motor 44D and the generator 44E.

  The circulating gas used for power generation in this way is cooled by the cooling device 44G (for example, 0.05 Mpa) and heated again by the heat storage device 44C. Thus, the power generation system of the present invention is a novel power generation system based on the differential pressure of the circulating gas, and the present invention is extended to such a power generation system. Further, the hydrocarbon oil production system of the present invention using such a power generation system not only produces desired oil from a carbonaceous raw material such as waste, but also refines and collects it, and generates very high power. It is possible.

  Further, as shown in FIGS. 10 and 11, in the oil production system of the present invention, the high-temperature exhaust gas discharged from the thermal decomposition apparatus 30 through the first purification apparatus can be effectively used not only for power generation but also in a wide variety. It is.

  For example, as shown in FIG. 10, the high-temperature exhaust gas discharged from the thermal decomposition apparatus 30 collects heat in the heat collecting furnace 44A and stores the heat in the heat storage apparatus 44C as in the embodiment shown in FIG. It can be used for a hot water supply system (hot water supply device 21).

  Further, as shown in FIG. 11, the high-temperature exhaust gas discharged from the thermal decomposition apparatus 30 is used to dry the waste material that is a carbonaceous raw material, and then is supplied to the heat collecting furnace 44 </ b> A as in the embodiment shown in FIG. 9. Heat is collected and stored in the heat storage device 44C, and can be used for a power generation system or a hot water supply system.

  As described above, it is novel to use the exhaust heat from a device that burns a processed material at a high temperature such as the thermal decomposition device 30 as a heat source for drying the dryer 42 on the pretreatment side. Thus, the present invention extends to such a drying system.

  The system shown in FIG. 12 shows an example in which the steam heated in the hot water supply tank 21 is heated with the first superheated steam and then heated with the superheated steam via the power generator 44E and supplied to the thermal decomposition apparatus 30. Yes. The power generation device 44E that can be used at this time is a screw-type power generation device, for example, a steam star sold by TLV Corporation.

  Thus, the system which supplies the superheated steam to the thermal decomposition apparatus 30 by putting the screw type power generator 44E between the two superheated steam generators 22 and 22B is novel. Therefore, the present invention is extended to such a power generation system.

  The system described in FIG. 13 is a diagram illustrating an example of improving the efficiency of the hot water supply system. A cold heat separating device 20 'is inserted between the water supply tank 20 and the hot water supply device 21 to supply hot hot water to the hot water supply device 21, while the cold water is supplied to, for example, a cooling system (exhaust gas purification device or the power generation type cooling device shown in FIG. 9). Cold water supplied to 44G). For example, a heat pump using the vortex principle can be used as the cold heat separating apparatus 20 '.

  By comprising in this way, the thermal efficiency of the oil manufacturing system of this invention rises markedly.

(Fourth embodiment)
Next, a hydrocarbon production method for producing a hydrocarbon oil having a predetermined molecular weight range from a carbonaceous raw material will be described.
This oil production method is a method of purifying and recovering crude hydrocarbons produced by a thermal cracking apparatus by the crude hydrocarbon purification method described with reference to FIG.

  That is, the carbonaceous raw material is pyrolyzed by a pyrolyzer to produce crude hydrocarbon oil, and the produced crude hydrocarbon oil is purified and recovered according to the steps shown in FIG.

  As described above, according to the third embodiment and the fourth embodiment, crude hydrocarbons are gas-liquid separated by the difference in boiling points, and this is repeated to remove impurities, remove solid components such as tar, and remove moisture, thereby purifying the purity. Since the oil is refined to a high target oil content, the oil content can be purified at a lower temperature and lower pressure than when a conventional Fischer-Tropsch synthesis catalyst is used. Therefore, it is possible to efficiently purify the hydrocarbons generated by pyrolysis with a pyrolysis device, and in addition to the thermal efficiency due to thermal decomposition at low temperature, it is possible to efficiently use less energy from carbonaceous raw materials such as waste with very little energy. The target oil can be produced with high purity and high yield.

  As mentioned above, although embodiment of this invention was described based on the accompanying drawing, this invention is not limited to these embodiment. For example, as shown in FIG. 14, the control signal in the oil production system shown in FIG. 4 is communicated between the control box CB and the main server S, and this is transmitted via a network network such as the Internet (for example, WIFI or 3G). It is also within the scope of the present invention to perform remote control using a mobile phone, smart phone, information terminal, personal computer or the like, or to monitor the operation status.

  The crude hydrocarbon refining system according to the first embodiment of the present invention and the crude hydrocarbon refining method according to the second embodiment separate the crude hydrocarbon by gas-liquid separation based on the difference in boiling points, and remove the impurities, solids such as tar content, etc. By repetitively removing the water and removing the water, the oil is refined to the target oil with a high purity.Therefore, the oil content is reduced at a lower temperature and lower pressure than when using a conventional Fischer-Tropsch synthesis catalyst. Can be purified. Therefore, it is possible to efficiently purify hydrocarbons generated by thermal decomposition using a thermal decomposition apparatus.

  According to the third embodiment and the fourth embodiment, the crude hydrocarbon is subjected to gas-liquid separation by the difference in boiling points, and this is performed by repeatedly removing impurities, removing solid components such as tar, and removing moisture, thereby achieving high purity. Therefore, the oil can be purified at a lower temperature and lower pressure than when a conventional Fischer-Tropsch synthesis catalyst is used. Therefore, it is possible to efficiently purify the hydrocarbons generated by pyrolysis with a pyrolysis device, and in addition to the thermal efficiency due to thermal decomposition at low temperature, it is possible to efficiently use less energy from carbonaceous raw materials such as waste with very little energy. The target oil can be produced with high purity and high yield.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Crude hydrocarbon inlet 2 Superheated steam inlet 3 Superheating means 4 Porous plate 5 Gas outlet 6 Liquid outlet 10 First purification apparatus 11 Second purification apparatus 12 Third purification apparatus 13 Fourth purification apparatus DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 14 5th refinement | purification apparatus 15 Reheating apparatus 16 Separation tank 17 Oil preservation tank 20 Water supply tank 21 Hot water supply apparatus 22 Superheated steam generator 30 Thermal decomposition apparatus 41 Crushing apparatus 42 Drying apparatus 43 Sorting apparatus

Claims (26)

A crude hydrocarbon inlet for introducing the crude hydrocarbon discharged from the thermal decomposition apparatus;
A superheated steam inlet for introducing superheated steam as a carrier gas;
Heating means for heating the crude hydrocarbon;
Separation means for separating the heated crude hydrocarbon into a gas component and a liquid component;
A gas outlet for discharging the separated gas component;
A liquid outlet for discharging the separated liquid component;
A first purification device comprising:
A subsequent purification device for purifying the liquid discharged from the liquid discharge port of the first purification device;
An oil storage tank for collecting and storing the refined oil;
A crude hydrocarbon refining system comprising: The latter purification apparatus is
A second refining device for removing impurities under heating and heating from the liquid discharged from the liquid outlet of the first refining device;
A third purifier for removing solids from the liquid from which impurities have been removed in the second purification;
A fourth purification device for further purifying the liquid purified by the third purification device;
A fifth purification device for further purifying the liquid purified by the fourth purification device;
A sixth purification device having a separation tank for storing the separated liquid component for separating the liquid component generated in the third purification device into moisture and hydrocarbon;
The crude carbonization according to claim 1, comprising a liquid purified by the fifth purification device and an oil storage tank for storing hydrocarbons stored in a separation tank of the sixth purification device. Hydrogen purification system.   The crude hydrocarbon purification system according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the heating means of the first purification device is superheated steam heated to 350 to 600 ° C.   The crude hydrocarbon purification apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the separation unit of the first purification apparatus is a plurality of vertically arranged multi-hole plates. system. A method for refining crude hydrocarbons that purifies crude hydrocarbons discharged from a thermal cracking apparatus into a desired oil,
A first step in which the crude hydrocarbon from the thermal decomposition apparatus is heated to 350 to 600 ° C., and superheated steam is blown to separate the liquid component and the gas component;
A second step of removing impurities from the liquid component mainly composed of hydrocarbons separated in the first step;
A third step of separating the liquid from which impurities have been removed in the second step into a solid component, a liquid component, and a gas component, and removing the solid component;
A fourth step of purifying a desired oil component from the liquid component separated in the third step;
A fifth step of separating the gas component separated in the third step into moisture and a hydrocarbon component as a desired oil component;
A sixth step of recovering the desired oil component purified in the fourth step;
A method for purifying crude hydrocarbons, comprising: A pyrolysis apparatus for pyrolyzing carbonaceous raw materials in a temperature range of 450 ° C. to 1000 ° C.
A purification system for refining crude hydrocarbons generated by the thermal decomposition in the thermal decomposition;
A hydrocarbon oil production system for producing a desired oil by thermal decomposition comprising:
The said refiner | purifier is the crude hydrocarbon refinement | purification system of any one of Claims 1-4, The hydrocarbon oil manufacturing system characterized by the above-mentioned.   The hydrocarbon oil production system according to claim 6, wherein the carbonaceous raw material is at least one selected from the group consisting of waste, sludge, woody solid, plant residue, seaweed, and algae.   The hydrocarbon oil production system according to claim 7, wherein the carbonaceous raw material is a biological carbonaceous material.   The hydrocarbon oil production system according to claim 7, wherein the carbonaceous raw material is waste.   The pyrolysis device has a superheated steam generation line comprising a water supply tank, a boiler for heating the water in the water supply tank, and a superheated steam generator for heating the water heated by the boiler, the generation The hydrocarbon according to any one of claims 6 to 9, wherein the superheated steam is used as a carrier gas for the pyrolysis device and also as a carrier gas for the first purification device. Oil production system.   The hydrocarbon oil production system according to claim 10, wherein the superheated steam generation line has two or more superheated steam generation devices.   The hydrocarbon oil production system according to claim 11, further comprising a power generation device between the superheated steam generators.   The hydrocarbon oil production system according to any one of claims 10 to 12, wherein the water stored in the water supply tank is preheated and then heated by the boiler.   14. The thermal decomposition apparatus includes an oxygen / hydrogen mixed gas supply device that supplies a predetermined amount of an oxygen / hydrogen mixed gas having a predetermined oxygen / hydrogen molar ratio. The hydrocarbon oil production system according to claim 1.   The hydrocarbon oil production system according to claim 14, wherein the oxygen / hydrogen mixed gas supply device includes an electrolysis device for electrolyzing water.   The oxygen / hydrogen mixed gas supply device superheats oxygen / hydrogen-containing water generated when water is electrolyzed by a superheated steam generator to supply superheated steam containing oxygen / hydrogen to the thermal decomposition device. The hydrocarbon oil production system according to claim 15.   The hydrocarbon oil production according to any one of claims 6 to 16, further comprising a pretreatment device that pretreats a carbonaceous raw material that is the raw material, in a stage preceding the pyrolysis device. system. The pretreatment device is a cylindrical device body;
A waste input port provided on the upper side surface of the apparatus body;
A pressing device for pressing downward on the top of the device body by a stroke;
A pressing disk that is connected to the pressing device and presses the waste that has been thrown into the device main body by the pressing device;
A rotary cutting device having a blade attached to the bottom of the device body;
The hydrocarbon oil production system according to claim 17, comprising:   The hydrocarbon oil production system according to any one of claims 6 to 18, further comprising heat storage means for recovering exhaust heat from the thermal decomposition apparatus.   The heat storage means collects exhaust heat from the apparatus main body, a heat storage apparatus that stores heat from the heat collection furnace, and heat supplied from the heat storage furnace to the heat storage apparatus. The hydrocarbon oil production system according to claim 19, comprising a heat circulation line including a heat transport medium that circulates between the heat collecting furnace and the heat storage device.   21. The hydrocarbon oil production system according to claim 20, wherein the heat storage device includes a power generation system that generates power using heat stored in the heat storage device, a hot water supply system, or both as a secondary side. .   The power generation system is mainly composed of a piston motor, a cooling device, the heat storage device, and a circulating gas passage circulating between them, and the pressure of the circulating gas heated and expanded by the heat storage device is the piston. The hydrocarbon oil production system according to claim 21, wherein the hydrocarbon oil production system has a configuration in which the electric power is generated by the generator after being converted into a rotational force by a motor.   The hydrocarbon oil production according to any one of claims 17 to 22, wherein the pretreatment device is a drying device that dries a treatment product by heat of exhaust gas exhausted from the thermal decomposition device. system.   The waste disposal system according to any one of claims 6 to 23, wherein the hydrocarbon oil production system can be remotely operated by a terminal. A hydrocarbon production method for producing a hydrocarbon oil having a predetermined molecular weight range from a carbonaceous raw material,
Pyrolyzing the carbonaceous raw material to produce crude hydrocarbon oil;
The refined crude hydrocarbon oil is subjected to the following steps:
A first step in which the crude hydrocarbon from the thermal decomposition apparatus is heated to 350 to 600 ° C., and superheated steam is blown to separate the liquid component and the gas component;
A second step of removing impurities from the liquid component mainly composed of hydrocarbons separated in the first step;
A third step of separating the liquid from which impurities have been removed in the second step into a solid component, a liquid component, and a gas component, and removing the solid component;
A fourth step of purifying a desired oil component from the liquid component separated in the third step;
A fifth step of separating the gas component separated in the third step into moisture and a hydrocarbon component as a desired oil component;
A sixth step of recovering the desired oil component purified in the fourth step;
A method for producing a hydrocarbon oil, comprising a step of purifying and recovering by a process.   The method for producing a hydrocarbon oil according to claim 25, wherein the gas component generated in the step 1 is returned to the pyrolysis step.

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