JP2013245889A - Pulse tube refrigerator - Google Patents

Pulse tube refrigerator Download PDF

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JP2013245889A
JP2013245889A JP2012120591A JP2012120591A JP2013245889A JP 2013245889 A JP2013245889 A JP 2013245889A JP 2012120591 A JP2012120591 A JP 2012120591A JP 2012120591 A JP2012120591 A JP 2012120591A JP 2013245889 A JP2013245889 A JP 2013245889A
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pressure
control valve
low
flow path
pulse tube
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JP5893510B2 (en
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Kazuya Ikeda
和也 池田
Yasuo Hirai
靖夫 平井
Sadamitsu Takahashi
貞充 高橋
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Railway Technical Research Institute
Air Water Inc
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Air Water Inc
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Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a pulse tube refrigerator configured to further improve refrigerating capacity by reducing the compression ratio of a pressure vibratory source of the pulse tube refrigerator and increasing the work load of compression and expansion.SOLUTION: A pulse tube refrigerator includes a first channel 21 connected to a compressor 5, a high pressure gas control valve 6, a second channel 22 connected to the compressor, a low pressure gas control valve 4, a third channel 23 and a fourth channel 24 connected to the high temperature end of the pulse tube 1, a high pressure buffer 8 connected to the third channel, a low pressure buffer 10 connected to the fourth channel, a fifth channel 25 which is connected to the first channel, and the third channel or the high pressure buffer, a sixth channel 26 which is connected to the second channel, and the fourth channel or the low pressure buffer, a high pressure switching valve 11 prepared in the fifth channel, and a low pressure switching valve 12 prepared in the sixth channel 26.

Description

本発明は、パルス管冷凍機に関するものである。   The present invention relates to a pulse tube refrigerator.

図４は従来のアクティブバッファ方式パルス管冷凍機システム構成図、図５はそのアクティブバッファ方式パルス管冷凍機システムのＰ−Ｖ（圧力−容積）曲線〔図５（ａ）〕および制御バルブ開閉シーケンス〔図５（ｂ）〕である（下記特許文献１参照）。なお、図５（ｂ）において、線分部分はバルブが開いている状態を示している。
これらの図において、１０１はパルス管、１０２は冷端熱交換器、１０３は蓄冷器、１０４は低圧ガス制御バルブ（ＬＣ）、１０５はガス圧縮機、１０６は高圧ガス制御バルブ（ＨＣ）、１０７は高圧バッファ制御バルブ（ＨＢ）、１０８は高圧バッファタンク、１０９は低圧バッファ制御バルブ（ＬＢ）、１１０は低圧バッファタンクである。 FIG. 4 is a configuration diagram of a conventional active buffer type pulse tube refrigerator system, and FIG. 5 is a PV (pressure-volume) curve (FIG. 5A) and control valve opening / closing sequence of the active buffer type pulse tube refrigerator system. FIG. 5B (see Patent Document 1 below). In FIG. 5 (b), the line segment indicates the state where the valve is open.
In these figures, 101 is a pulse tube, 102 is a cold end heat exchanger, 103 is a regenerator, 104 is a low pressure gas control valve (LC), 105 is a gas compressor, 106 is a high pressure gas control valve (HC), 107 Is a high pressure buffer control valve (HB), 108 is a high pressure buffer tank, 109 is a low pressure buffer control valve (LB), and 110 is a low pressure buffer tank.

また、Ｐｃｌは圧縮機戻り圧力、Ｐｃｈは圧縮機供給圧力、Ｐｒは蓄冷器常温側圧力、Ｐｐはパルス管常温側圧力、Ｐｂｈは高圧バッファ圧力、Ｐｂｌは低圧バッファ圧力である。
パルス管冷凍機はＧＭ冷凍機等と同様に蓄冷器１０３を備えた冷凍機である。他の冷凍機と比べて特異な点は、冷凍部（膨張機）に動く固体部分がないことである。機械的可動部分は常温部のみであるため、伝導冷却で超電導コイルを冷却する場合、超電導コイル部分を昇温せずともメンテナンスが可能となる。パルス管冷凍機は、圧力振動源（ガス圧縮機）１０５と、膨張機（蓄冷器１０３、パルス管１０１で構成）、そして位相調節機構（種々の方式がある）からなっている。アクティブバッファ方式は位相調節方法の一つであり、現在もっとも優れた冷凍能力を達成できるものである。 Pcl is the compressor return pressure, Pch is the compressor supply pressure, Pr is the regenerator room temperature side pressure, Pp is the pulse tube room temperature side pressure, Pbh is the high pressure buffer pressure, and Pbl is the low pressure buffer pressure.
The pulse tube refrigerator is a refrigerator provided with a regenerator 103 as in the case of a GM refrigerator or the like. A peculiar point compared with other refrigerators is that there is no solid part which moves in a freezing part (expansion machine). Since the mechanically movable part is only the room temperature part, when the superconducting coil is cooled by conduction cooling, maintenance is possible without raising the temperature of the superconducting coil part. The pulse tube refrigerator includes a pressure vibration source (gas compressor) 105, an expander (consisting of a regenerator 103 and a pulse tube 101), and a phase adjustment mechanism (a variety of systems are available). The active buffer method is one of the phase adjustment methods and can achieve the most excellent refrigerating capacity at present.

特許第２５５３８２２号公報Japanese Patent No. 2553822

しかしながら、上記した従来のアクティブバッファ方式パルス管冷凍機システムでは、運転時の圧力波形において、ガス圧縮機１０５の圧縮機供給圧力Ｐｃｈとガス圧縮機１０５の戻り圧力Ｐｃｌが鋸波形となり、電動機トルクが大きくなる。また、ガス圧縮機１０５の圧縮機供給圧力Ｐｃｈに対して蓄冷器常温側圧力Ｐｒの振幅が小さく、圧力損失が大きいため、圧縮・膨張が十分なされていないといった問題があった。   However, in the above-described conventional active buffer type pulse tube refrigerator system, in the pressure waveform during operation, the compressor supply pressure Pch of the gas compressor 105 and the return pressure Pcl of the gas compressor 105 are sawtooth waveforms, and the motor torque is growing. Moreover, since the amplitude of the regenerator normal temperature side pressure Pr is small with respect to the compressor supply pressure Pch of the gas compressor 105 and the pressure loss is large, there is a problem that the compression / expansion is not sufficiently performed.

本発明は、上記状況に鑑みて、パルス管冷凍機の圧力振動源の圧縮比を低減させ、かつ冷凍機内の圧縮・膨張の仕事量を増やし、パルス管内のＰＶ（圧力−容積）曲線を最適化することによって、さらなる冷凍能力・ＣＯＰ（エネルギー消費効率）の向上を図り得るパルス管冷凍機を提供することを目的とする。   In view of the above situation, the present invention reduces the compression ratio of the pressure vibration source of the pulse tube refrigerator, increases the work of compression / expansion in the refrigerator, and optimizes the PV (pressure-volume) curve in the pulse tube It aims at providing the pulse tube refrigerator which can aim at the improvement of the refrigerating capacity and COP (energy consumption efficiency) further.

本発明は、上記目的を達成するために、
〔１〕作動気体を吐出する高圧端と作動気体を吸入する低圧端とを有する圧縮機と、低温端および高温端を有する蓄冷器と、低温端および高温端を有するパルス管とを備えたパルス管冷凍機において、前記圧縮機の高圧端に接続された第１流路と、この第１流路に設けられた高圧ガス制御バルブと、前記圧縮機の低圧端に接続された第２流路と、この第２流路に設けられた低圧ガス制御バルブと、前記第１流路および前記第２流路に前記蓄冷器の高温端が接続され、前記蓄冷器の低温端に前記パルス管の低温端が接続され、前記パルス管の高温端に接続された第３流路および第４流路と、前記第３流路に接続された高圧バッファと、前記第４流路に接続された低圧バッファと、前記第３流路に設けられた高圧バッファ制御バルブと、前記第４流路に設けられた低圧バッファ制御バルブと、前記高圧ガス制御バルブより圧縮機側の第１流路と、前記高圧バッファ制御バルブより高圧バッファ側の第３流路もしくは高圧バッファとを接続する第５流路と、前記低圧ガス制御バルブより圧縮機側の第２流路と、前記低圧バッファ制御バルブより低圧バッファ側の第４流路もしくは低圧バッファとを接続する第６流路と、前記第５流路に設けられた高圧開閉バルブと、前記第６流路に設けられた低圧開閉バルブを具備することを特徴とする。 In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides
[1] A pulse having a compressor having a high pressure end for discharging a working gas and a low pressure end for sucking the working gas, a regenerator having a low temperature end and a high temperature end, and a pulse tube having a low temperature end and a high temperature end. In the tube refrigerator, a first flow path connected to the high pressure end of the compressor, a high pressure gas control valve provided in the first flow path, and a second flow path connected to the low pressure end of the compressor And a low pressure gas control valve provided in the second flow path, a high temperature end of the regenerator is connected to the first flow path and the second flow path, and the pulse tube is connected to a low temperature end of the regenerator. A low temperature end is connected, a third flow path and a fourth flow path connected to the high temperature end of the pulse tube, a high pressure buffer connected to the third flow path, and a low pressure connected to the fourth flow path A buffer, a high-pressure buffer control valve provided in the third flow path, and the fourth A low pressure buffer control valve provided in the passage, a first flow path on the compressor side from the high pressure gas control valve, and a third flow path or high pressure buffer on the high pressure buffer side from the high pressure buffer control valve. A flow path, a second flow path on the compressor side from the low pressure gas control valve, a sixth flow path connecting the fourth flow path or the low pressure buffer on the low pressure buffer side from the low pressure buffer control valve, and the fifth flow path. A high-pressure opening / closing valve provided in the flow path and a low-pressure opening / closing valve provided in the sixth flow path are provided.

〔２〕上記〔１〕記載のパルス管冷凍機において、前記高圧ガス制御バルブが閉状態の時の少なくとも一部の期間で前記高圧開閉バルブを開状態とし、前記低圧ガス制御バルブが閉状態の時の少なくとも一部の期間で低圧開閉バルブを開状態とすることを特徴とする。
〔３〕上記〔１〕記載のパルス管冷凍機において、前記高圧ガス制御バルブ、前記低圧ガス制御バルブおよび前記低圧バッファ制御バルブが閉状態で前記高圧バッファ制御バルブが開状態の時の少なくとも一部の期間で前記低圧開閉バルブを開状態とし、前記高圧ガス制御バルブ、前記低圧ガス制御バルブおよび前記高圧バッファ制御バルブが閉状態で前記低圧バッファ制御バルブが開状態の時の少なくとも一部の期間で前記高圧開閉バルブを開状態とすることを特徴とする。 [2] In the pulse tube refrigerator described in [1] above, the high pressure on / off valve is opened during at least a part of the period when the high pressure gas control valve is closed, and the low pressure gas control valve is closed. The low-pressure opening / closing valve is opened in at least a part of time.
[3] The pulse tube refrigerator according to [1], wherein at least a part of the high-pressure gas control valve, the low-pressure gas control valve, and the low-pressure buffer control valve is closed and the high-pressure buffer control valve is open. The low-pressure on-off valve is opened during the period of at least a part of the period when the high-pressure gas control valve, the low-pressure gas control valve and the high-pressure buffer control valve are closed and the low-pressure buffer control valve is open. The high-pressure opening / closing valve is opened.

〔４〕上記〔１〕記載のパルス管冷凍機において、前記高圧バッファ制御バルブが開状態の時の少なくとも一部の期間で前記高圧開閉バルブを開状態とし、前記低圧バッファ制御バルブが開状態の時の少なくとも一部の期間で前記低圧開閉バルブを開状態とすることを特徴とする。
〔５〕上記〔１〕記載のパルス管冷凍機において、前記高圧ガス制御バルブが開状態の時の少なくとも一部の期間で前記高圧開閉バルブを開状態とし、前記低圧ガス制御バルブが開状態の時の少なくとも一部の期間で前記低圧開閉バルブを開状態とすることを特徴とする。 [4] In the pulse tube refrigerator as described in [1] above, the high pressure on / off valve is opened during at least a part of the period when the high pressure buffer control valve is open, and the low pressure buffer control valve is open. The low-pressure on-off valve is opened in at least a part of time.
[5] In the pulse tube refrigerator as described in [1] above, the high pressure on / off valve is opened at least during a period when the high pressure gas control valve is open, and the low pressure gas control valve is open. The low-pressure on-off valve is opened in at least a part of time.

〔６〕上記〔５〕記載のパルス管冷凍機において、前記高圧ガス制御バルブが開くのと概略同時に前記高圧開閉バルブを開き、前記高圧バッファ制御バルブよりも早く前記高圧開閉バルブを閉じ、前記低圧ガス制御バルブが開くのと概略同時に前記低圧開閉バルブを開き、前記低圧バッファ制御バルブよりも早く前記低圧開閉バルブを閉じるようにしたことを特徴とする。   [6] In the pulse tube refrigerator as described in [5] above, the high pressure on / off valve is opened substantially simultaneously with the opening of the high pressure gas control valve, and the high pressure on / off valve is closed earlier than the high pressure buffer control valve. The low-pressure on-off valve is opened almost simultaneously with the opening of the gas control valve, and the low-pressure on-off valve is closed earlier than the low-pressure buffer control valve.

〔７〕上記〔１〕から〔６〕記載のパルス管冷凍機において、前記第５流路および前記第６流路には絞り機構を付設することを特徴とする。   [7] In the pulse tube refrigerator as described in [1] to [6] above, a throttling mechanism is attached to the fifth channel and the sixth channel.

本発明によれば、次のような効果を奏することができる。
（１）高低圧開閉バルブを動作させることで、バッファタンクがガス圧縮機の高低圧バッファの役割を担い、圧縮機内のガス流が常時あるいは一時的に連続となることにより、圧力の脈動を緩衝し、ガス圧縮機の圧縮比を減少させることにより、運転負荷を少なくすることができ、ＣＯＰ（エネルギー消費効率）が大きくなる。
（２）バッファタンクの高低圧力差が圧縮機高低圧力差に近づくことにより、パルス管内のＰＶ（圧力−容積）の仕事量が大きくなり、冷凍能力が大きくなる。
（３）以上により、冷凍機冷凍能力、ＣＯＰの向上を図ることができる。
（４）請求項２および３の制御により、圧縮機の圧縮比を減らし、パルス管と蓄冷器による膨張の仕事量を増加させることで、冷凍機の効率の向上を図ることができる。
（５）請求項４〜６の制御により、パルス管内の最適なＰＶ（圧力−容積）曲線を得ることができる。
（６）高低圧開閉制御バルブのＣｖ値を調整（若しくは手動流量調整バルブやオリフィスなどの絞り機構を付設）することにより、ガス圧縮機性能に応じたパルス管内の最適なＰＶ（圧力−容積）曲線を作ることができる。 According to the present invention, the following effects can be achieved.
(1) By operating the high / low pressure open / close valve, the buffer tank plays the role of the high / low pressure buffer of the gas compressor, and the gas flow in the compressor is always or temporarily continuous, thereby buffering the pressure pulsation. However, by reducing the compression ratio of the gas compressor, the operating load can be reduced and the COP (energy consumption efficiency) is increased.
(2) When the pressure difference in the buffer tank approaches the pressure difference in the compressor, the PV (pressure-volume) work in the pulse tube increases, and the refrigeration capacity increases.
(3) From the above, it is possible to improve the refrigerator refrigerating capacity and COP.
(4) By the control of claims 2 and 3, the efficiency of the refrigerator can be improved by reducing the compression ratio of the compressor and increasing the work of expansion by the pulse tube and the regenerator.
(5) By the control of claims 4 to 6, an optimal PV (pressure-volume) curve in the pulse tube can be obtained.
(6) By adjusting the Cv value of the high / low pressure open / close control valve (or by attaching a throttle mechanism such as a manual flow control valve or orifice), the optimum PV (pressure-volume) in the pulse tube according to the performance of the gas compressor A curve can be made.

本発明の実施例を示すパルス管冷凍機システム構成図である。It is a pulse tube refrigerator system configuration diagram showing an embodiment of the present invention. 本発明の第１実施例を示すパルス管冷凍機システムのＰ−Ｖ（圧力−容積）曲線および制御バルブ開閉シーケンスを示す図である。It is a figure which shows the PV (pressure-volume) curve and control valve opening / closing sequence of the pulse tube refrigerator system which shows 1st Example of this invention. 本発明の第２実施例を示すパルス管冷凍機システムのＰ−Ｖ（圧力−容積）曲線および制御バルブ開閉シーケンスを示す図である。It is a figure which shows the PV (pressure-volume) curve and control valve opening / closing sequence of the pulse tube refrigerator system which shows 2nd Example of this invention. 従来のアクティブバッファ方式パルス管冷凍機システム構成図である。It is a conventional active buffer system pulse tube refrigerator system configuration diagram. 従来のアクティブバッファ方式パルス管冷凍機システムのＰ−Ｖ（圧力−容積）曲線および制御バルブ開閉シーケンスを示す図である。It is a figure which shows the PV (pressure-volume) curve and control valve opening / closing sequence of the conventional active buffer system pulse tube refrigerator system.

本発明のパルス管冷凍機は、作動気体を吐出する高圧端と作動気体を吸入する低圧端とを有する圧縮機と、低温端および高温端を有する蓄冷器と、低温端および高温端を有するパルス管とを備えたパルス管冷凍機において、前記圧縮機の高圧端に接続された第１流路と、この第１流路に設けられた高圧ガス制御バルブと、前記圧縮機の低圧端に接続された第２流路と、この第２流路に設けられた低圧ガス制御バルブと、前記第１流路および前記第２流路に前記蓄冷器の高温端に接続され、前記蓄冷器のの低温端に前記パルス管の低温端が接続され、前記パルス管の高温端に接続された第３流路および第４流路と、前記第３流路に接続された高圧バッファと、前記第４流路に接続された低圧バッファと、前記第３流路に設けられた高圧バッファ制御バルブと、前記第４流路に設けられた低圧バッファ制御バルブと、前記高圧ガス制御バルブより圧縮機側の第１流路と、前記高圧ガス制御バルブより高圧バッファ側の第３流路もしくは高圧バッファとを接続する第５流路と、前記低圧ガス制御バルブより圧縮機側の第２流路と、前記低圧バッファ制御バルブより低圧バッファ側の第４流路もしくは低圧バッファとを接続する第６流路と、前記第５流路に設けられた高圧開閉バルブと、前記第６流路に設けられた低圧開閉バルブを具備するようにした。   The pulse tube refrigerator of the present invention includes a compressor having a high pressure end for discharging a working gas and a low pressure end for sucking the working gas, a regenerator having a low temperature end and a high temperature end, and a pulse having a low temperature end and a high temperature end. In a pulse tube refrigerator having a pipe, a first flow path connected to a high pressure end of the compressor, a high pressure gas control valve provided in the first flow path, and a low pressure end of the compressor The second flow path, the low pressure gas control valve provided in the second flow path, and the first flow path and the second flow path connected to a high temperature end of the regenerator, A low temperature end of the pulse tube is connected to a low temperature end, a third flow path and a fourth flow path connected to the high temperature end of the pulse tube, a high pressure buffer connected to the third flow path, and the fourth A low-pressure buffer connected to the flow path, and a high-pressure buffer provided in the third flow path A control valve, a low pressure buffer control valve provided in the fourth flow path, a first flow path on the compressor side from the high pressure gas control valve, and a third flow path on the high pressure buffer side from the high pressure gas control valve, or A fifth flow path for connecting the high pressure buffer, a second flow path on the compressor side from the low pressure gas control valve, and a fourth flow path or low pressure buffer on the low pressure buffer side from the low pressure buffer control valve. 6 flow paths, a high-pressure opening / closing valve provided in the fifth flow path, and a low-pressure opening / closing valve provided in the sixth flow path are provided.

以下、本発明の実施の形態について詳細に説明する。
図１は本発明の実施例を示すパルス管冷凍機システム構成図である。
本発明のパルス管冷凍機は、図１に示すように、作動気体を吐出する高圧端Ｐｃｈと作動気体を吸入する低圧端Ｐｃｌとを有する圧縮機５と、低温端Ｌｒおよび高温端Ｐｒを有する蓄冷器３と、低温端Ｌｐおよび高温端Ｐｐを有するパルス管１とを備えており、蓄冷器３の低温端Ｌｒにパルス管１の低温端Ｌｐが接続されている。圧縮機５の高圧端Ｐｃｈには第１流路２１が接続され、この第１流路２１に高圧ガス制御バルブ（ＨＣ）６が配置されている。圧縮機５の低圧端Ｐｃｌには第２流路２２が接続され、この第２流路２２に低圧ガス制御バルブ（ＬＣ）４が接続されている。これら第１流路２１および第２流路２２は蓄冷器３の高温端Ｐｒに接続されている。また、パルス管１の高温端Ｐｐには高圧バッファ８と接続する第３流路２３、ならびに低圧バッファ１０と接続する第４流路２４が設けられている。第３流路２３には高圧バッファ制御バルブ（ＨＢ）７が、第４流路２４には低圧バッファ制御バルブ（ＬＢ）９がそれぞれ配置されている。さらに、高圧ガス制御バルブ（ＨＣ）６より圧縮機５側の第１流路２１と、前記高圧バッファ制御バルブ（ＨＢ）７より高圧バッファ８側の第３流路２３もしくは高圧バッファ８とを接続する第５流路２５が設けられ、低圧ガス制御バルブ（ＬＣ）４より圧縮機５側の第２流路２２と、前記低圧バッファ制御バルブ（ＬＢ）９より低圧バッファ１０側の第４流路２４もしくは低圧バッファ１０とを接続する第６流路２６が設けられる。第５流路２５および第６流路２６には高圧開閉バルブ（ＡＨＣ）１１、低圧開閉バルブ（ＡＬＣ）１２を配置するようにした。 Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail.
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a pulse tube refrigerator system showing an embodiment of the present invention.
As shown in FIG. 1, the pulse tube refrigerator of the present invention has a compressor 5 having a high pressure end Pch that discharges working gas and a low pressure end Pcl that sucks working gas, and a low temperature end Lr and a high temperature end Pr. A regenerator 3 and a pulse tube 1 having a low temperature end Lp and a high temperature end Pp are provided, and a low temperature end Lp of the pulse tube 1 is connected to a low temperature end Lr of the regenerator 3. A first flow path 21 is connected to the high pressure end Pch of the compressor 5, and a high pressure gas control valve (HC) 6 is disposed in the first flow path 21. A second flow path 22 is connected to the low pressure end Pcl of the compressor 5, and a low pressure gas control valve (LC) 4 is connected to the second flow path 22. The first flow path 21 and the second flow path 22 are connected to the high temperature end Pr of the regenerator 3. A high temperature end Pp of the pulse tube 1 is provided with a third flow path 23 connected to the high pressure buffer 8 and a fourth flow path 24 connected to the low pressure buffer 10. A high pressure buffer control valve (HB) 7 is disposed in the third flow path 23, and a low pressure buffer control valve (LB) 9 is disposed in the fourth flow path 24. Further, the first flow path 21 on the compressor 5 side from the high pressure gas control valve (HC) 6 and the third flow path 23 on the high pressure buffer 8 side from the high pressure buffer control valve (HB) 7 or the high pressure buffer 8 are connected. A second flow path 22 on the compressor 5 side from the low pressure gas control valve (LC) 4 and a fourth flow path on the low pressure buffer 10 side from the low pressure buffer control valve (LB) 9. 24 or the 6th flow path 26 which connects the low pressure buffer 10 is provided. A high pressure on / off valve (AHC) 11 and a low pressure on / off valve (ALC) 12 are arranged in the fifth channel 25 and the sixth channel 26.

以下、本発明のパルス管冷凍機の制御方法について説明する。
〔Ａ〕実施例１
図２は本発明の第１実施例を示すパルス管冷凍機システムのＰ−Ｖ（圧力−容積）曲線および制御バルブ開閉シーケンスを示す図である。なお、図２（ａ）において、点線は図５にも示した従来の方式でのＰ−Ｖ（圧力−容積）曲線であり、実線は本実施例により改善されたＰ−Ｖ（圧力−容積）曲線を示す。また、図２（ｂ）において、実線部分は、バルブが開いている状態（開状態）を示している。また、破線部分は、その線の一部の期間でバルブが開いている状態を示している。 Hereinafter, the control method of the pulse tube refrigerator of the present invention will be described.
[A] Example 1
FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a PV (pressure-volume) curve and a control valve opening / closing sequence of the pulse tube refrigerator system showing the first embodiment of the present invention. In FIG. 2A, the dotted line is a PV (pressure-volume) curve in the conventional method also shown in FIG. 5, and the solid line is a PV (pressure-volume) improved by this embodiment. ) Show the curve. Moreover, in FIG.2 (b), the continuous line part has shown the state (open state) in which the valve | bulb is open. Moreover, the broken line part has shown the state which the valve | bulb opened in the part period of the line.

（１）図２に示すように、高圧ガス制御バルブ（ＨＣ）６が閉状態の時の少なくとも一部の期間で高圧開閉バルブ（ＡＨＣ）１１が開状態であり、低圧ガス制御バルブ（ＬＣ）４が閉状態の時の少なくとも一部の期間で低圧開閉バルブ（ＡＬＣ）１２が開状態であるように制御することで、前記圧縮機の圧縮比を減らし、前記パルス管と前記蓄冷器による膨張の仕事量を増加させるようにした。   (1) As shown in FIG. 2, the high pressure on / off valve (AHC) 11 is open during at least a part of the period when the high pressure gas control valve (HC) 6 is closed, and the low pressure gas control valve (LC) By controlling the low pressure on-off valve (ALC) 12 to be open during at least a part of the period when 4 is closed, the compression ratio of the compressor is reduced, and expansion by the pulse tube and the regenerator is performed. Increased the amount of work.

（２）また、高圧ガス制御バルブ（ＨＣ）６、低圧ガス制御バルブ（ＬＣ）４および低圧バッファ制御バルブ（ＬＢ）９が閉状態の時で高圧バッファ制御バルブ（ＨＢ）７が開状態の時の少なくとも一部の期間で低圧開閉バルブ（ＡＬＣ）１２が開状態であり、高圧ガス制御バルブ（ＨＣ）６、低圧ガス制御バルブ（ＬＣ）４および高圧バッファ制御バルブ（ＨＢ）７が閉状態の時で低圧バッファ制御バルブ（ＬＢ）９が開状態の時の少なくとも一部の期間で高圧開閉バルブ（ＡＨＣ）１１が開状態であるように制御することで、前記圧縮機の圧縮比を減らし、前記パルス管と前記蓄冷器による膨張の仕事量を増加させるようにした。   (2) When the high pressure gas control valve (HC) 6, the low pressure gas control valve (LC) 4 and the low pressure buffer control valve (LB) 9 are closed and the high pressure buffer control valve (HB) 7 is open The low pressure on-off valve (ALC) 12 is open during at least a part of the period, and the high pressure gas control valve (HC) 6, the low pressure gas control valve (LC) 4 and the high pressure buffer control valve (HB) 7 are closed. By controlling the high pressure on-off valve (AHC) 11 to be open at least during a period when the low pressure buffer control valve (LB) 9 is open, the compression ratio of the compressor is reduced, The work of expansion by the pulse tube and the regenerator is increased.

図３は本発明の第２実施例を示すパルス管冷凍機システムのＰ−Ｖ（圧力−容積）曲線および制御バルブ開閉シーケンスを示す図である。なお、図３（ａ）において、点線は図５にも示した従来の方式でのＰ−Ｖ（圧力−容積）曲線であり、実線は本実施例により改善されたＰ−Ｖ（圧力−容積）曲線を示す。また、図３（ｂ）において、実線部分は、バルブが開いている状態（開状態）を示している。また、破線部分は、その線の一部の期間でバルブが開いている状態を示している。   FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a PV (pressure-volume) curve and a control valve opening / closing sequence of the pulse tube refrigerator system showing the second embodiment of the present invention. In FIG. 3A, the dotted line is a PV (pressure-volume) curve in the conventional method shown in FIG. 5, and the solid line is a PV (pressure-volume) improved by the present embodiment. ) Show the curve. Moreover, in FIG.3 (b), the continuous line part has shown the state (open state) in which the valve | bulb is open. Moreover, the broken line part has shown the state which the valve | bulb opened in the part period of the line.

〔Ｂ〕実施例２
（１）図３に示すように、高圧バッファ制御バルブ（ＨＢ）７が開状態の時の少なくとも一部の期間で高圧開閉バルブ（ＡＨＣ）１１が開状態であり、低圧バッファ制御バルブ（ＬＢ）９が開状態の時の少なくとも一部の期間で低圧開閉バルブ（ＡＬＣ）１２が開状態であるように制御することで、ＰＶ（圧力−容積）曲線を改善するようにした。 [B] Example 2
(1) As shown in FIG. 3, the high pressure on / off valve (AHC) 11 is open during at least a part of the period when the high pressure buffer control valve (HB) 7 is open, and the low pressure buffer control valve (LB) The PV (pressure-volume) curve was improved by controlling the low pressure on-off valve (ALC) 12 to be open during at least a part of the period when 9 was open.

（２）また、高圧ガス制御バルブ（ＨＣ）６が開状態の時の少なくとも一部の期間で高圧開閉バルブ（ＡＨＣ）１１が開状態であり、低圧ガス制御バルブ（ＬＣ）４が開状態の時の少なくとも一部の期間で低圧開閉バルブ（ＡＬＣ）１２が開状態であるように、制御することで、ＰＶ（圧力−容積）曲線を改善するようにした。
さらに、上記（２）において、高圧ガス制御バルブ（ＨＣ）６が開くのと概略同時に高圧開閉バルブ（ＡＨＣ）１１が開き、高圧ガス制御バルブ（ＨＣ）６よりも早く高圧開閉バルブ（ＡＨＣ）１２が閉じ、低圧ガス制御バルブ（ＬＣ）４が開くのと概略同時に低圧開閉バルブ（ＡＬＣ）１２が開き、低圧ガス制御バルブ（ＬＣ）４よりも早く低圧開閉バルブ（ＡＬＣ）１２が閉じるように制御することで、ＰＶ（圧力−容積）曲線を改善するようにした。 (2) In addition, the high pressure on / off valve (AHC) 11 is in an open state and the low pressure gas control valve (LC) 4 is in an open state at least during a period when the high pressure gas control valve (HC) 6 is in an open state. The PV (pressure-volume) curve was improved by controlling the low pressure on-off valve (ALC) 12 to be open during at least part of the time.
Further, in the above (2), the high pressure on / off valve (AHC) 11 is opened almost simultaneously with the opening of the high pressure gas control valve (HC) 6, and the high pressure on / off valve (AHC) 12 is earlier than the high pressure gas control valve (HC) 6. Is closed, and at the same time the low pressure gas control valve (LC) 4 is opened, the low pressure on / off valve (ALC) 12 is opened, and the low pressure on / off valve (ALC) 12 is closed earlier than the low pressure gas control valve (LC) 4. By doing so, the PV (pressure-volume) curve was improved.

上記２つの実施例のような開閉シーケンスで制御バルブの開閉制御を行うことで、８０Ｋでの冷凍能力が１６５．２Ｗから１７１．３Ｗに向上した。また、ＣＯＰでは３．１％の向上が見られた。
さらに、このパルス管冷凍機において、上記した第５流路２５および第６流路２６には絞り機構、例えば、手動流量調整バルブ１１′，１２′又はオリフィスなどを付設することにより、開閉バルブのＣｖ値を調整することで、ガス圧縮機性能に応じたパルス管内の最適なＰＶ（圧力−容積）曲線を作ることができるようになり、なお良い。この実施例では、パルス管冷凍機の例としてエア・ウォーター株式会社製パルス管冷凍機システム、型番：ＧＰ１５８０Ｓを用いた。 By performing the open / close control of the control valve in the open / close sequence as in the above two embodiments, the refrigeration capacity at 80 K was improved from 165.2 W to 171.3 W. Further, COP showed an improvement of 3.1%.
Further, in this pulse tube refrigerator, the above-described fifth flow path 25 and sixth flow path 26 are provided with a throttle mechanism, for example, manual flow rate adjusting valves 11 ', 12' or an orifice, so By adjusting the Cv value, an optimum PV (pressure-volume) curve in the pulse tube corresponding to the gas compressor performance can be created, and it is still better. In this example, a pulse tube refrigerator system manufactured by Air Water Co., Ltd., model number: GP1580S was used as an example of the pulse tube refrigerator.

このように本発明によれば、
（１）バッファタンクがガス圧縮機の高低圧バッファの役割を担い、圧縮比を減少させることにより、運転負荷を少なくすることができる。
（２）バッファタンクの高低圧力差が圧縮機高低圧力差に近づくことにより、パルス管内のＰＶ（圧力−容積）の仕事量が大きくなり、冷凍能力が大きくなる。（３）以上により、冷凍機冷凍能力、ＣＯＰの向上を図ることができる。
（４）請求項２および３の制御により、圧縮機の圧縮比を減らし、パルス管と蓄冷器による膨張の仕事量を増加させることで、冷凍機の効率の向上を図ることができる。
（５）請求項４〜６の制御により、パルス管内の最適なＰＶ（圧力−容積）曲線を得ることができる。
（６）高低圧開閉制御バルブのＣｖ値を調整（若しくは手動流量調整バルブやオリフィスなどの絞り機構を付設）することにより、ガス圧縮機性能に応じたパルス管内の最適なＰＶ（圧力−容積）曲線を作ることができる。 Thus, according to the present invention,
(1) The buffer tank plays the role of a high / low pressure buffer of the gas compressor, and the operation load can be reduced by reducing the compression ratio.
(2) When the pressure difference in the buffer tank approaches the pressure difference in the compressor, the PV (pressure-volume) work in the pulse tube increases, and the refrigeration capacity increases. (3) From the above, it is possible to improve the refrigerator refrigerating capacity and COP.
(4) By the control of claims 2 and 3, the efficiency of the refrigerator can be improved by reducing the compression ratio of the compressor and increasing the work of expansion by the pulse tube and the regenerator.
(5) By the control of claims 4 to 6, an optimal PV (pressure-volume) curve in the pulse tube can be obtained.
(6) By adjusting the Cv value of the high / low pressure open / close control valve (or by attaching a throttle mechanism such as a manual flow control valve or orifice), the optimum PV (pressure-volume) in the pulse tube according to the performance of the gas compressor A curve can be made.

なお、本発明は上記実施例に限定されるものではなく、本発明の趣旨に基づき種々の変形が可能であり、これらを本発明の範囲から排除するものではない。   In addition, this invention is not limited to the said Example, Based on the meaning of this invention, a various deformation | transformation is possible and these are not excluded from the scope of the present invention.

本発明のパルス管冷凍機は、パルス管冷凍機の圧力振動源のエネルギー損失を低減させ、圧縮・膨張の仕事量を増やすことによって、さらなる冷凍能力の向上を図り得るパルス管冷凍機として利用可能である。   The pulse tube refrigerator of the present invention can be used as a pulse tube refrigerator that can further improve the refrigerating capacity by reducing the energy loss of the pressure vibration source of the pulse tube refrigerator and increasing the work of compression and expansion. It is.

１ パルス管
２ 冷端熱交換器
３ 蓄冷器
４ 低圧ガス制御バルブ（ＬＣ）
５ ガス圧縮機
６ 高圧ガス制御バルブ（ＨＣ）
７ 高圧バッファ制御バルブ（ＨＢ）
８ 高圧バッファ
９ 低圧バッファ制御バルブ（ＬＢ）
１０ 低圧バッファ
１１ 高圧開閉バルブ（ＡＨＣ）
１２ 低圧開閉バルブ（ＡＬＣ）
１１′，１２′ 手動流量調整バルブ 1 Pulse tube 2 Cold end heat exchanger 3 Regenerator 4 Low pressure gas control valve (LC)
5 Gas compressor 6 High pressure gas control valve (HC)
7 High pressure buffer control valve (HB)
8 High pressure buffer 9 Low pressure buffer control valve (LB)
10 Low pressure buffer 11 High pressure on-off valve (AHC)
12 Low pressure on-off valve (ALC)
11 ', 12' Manual flow adjustment valve

Claims (7)

作動気体を吐出する高圧端と作動気体を吸入する低圧端とを有する圧縮機と、低温端および高温端を有する蓄冷器と、低温端および高温端を有するパルス管とを備えたパルス管冷凍機において、
前記圧縮機の高圧端に接続された第１流路と、該第１流路に設けられた高圧ガス制御バルブと、前記圧縮機の低圧端に接続された第２流路と、該第２流路に設けられた低圧ガス制御バルブと、前記第１流路および前記第２流路に前記蓄冷器の高温端が接続され、前記蓄冷器の低温端に前記パルス管の低温端が接続され、前記パルス管の高温端に接続された第３流路および第４流路と、前記第３流路に接続された高圧バッファと、前記第４流路に接続された低圧バッファと、前記第３流路に設けられた高圧バッファ制御バルブと、前記第４流路に設けられた低圧バッファ制御バルブと、前記高圧ガス制御バルブより圧縮機側の第１流路と、前記高圧バッファ制御バルブより高圧バッファ側の第３流路もしくは高圧バッファとを接続する第５流路と、前記低圧ガス制御バルブより圧縮機側の第２流路と、前記低圧バッファ制御バルブより低圧バッファ側の第４流路もしくは低圧バッファとを接続する第６流路と、前記第５流路に設けられた高圧開閉バルブと、前記第６流路に設けられた低圧開閉バルブを具備することを特徴とするパルス管冷凍機。 A pulse tube refrigerator having a compressor having a high pressure end for discharging a working gas and a low pressure end for sucking the working gas, a regenerator having a low temperature end and a high temperature end, and a pulse tube having a low temperature end and a high temperature end In
A first flow path connected to the high pressure end of the compressor; a high pressure gas control valve provided in the first flow path; a second flow path connected to the low pressure end of the compressor; A high-temperature end of the regenerator is connected to the low-pressure gas control valve provided in the flow path, the first flow path and the second flow path, and a low-temperature end of the pulse tube is connected to the low-temperature end of the regenerator. A third flow path and a fourth flow path connected to the high temperature end of the pulse tube; a high pressure buffer connected to the third flow path; a low pressure buffer connected to the fourth flow path; From the high pressure buffer control valve provided in the three flow paths, the low pressure buffer control valve provided in the fourth flow path, the first flow path on the compressor side from the high pressure gas control valve, and the high pressure buffer control valve The third flow path on the high-pressure buffer side or the fifth flow path connecting the high-pressure buffer A second flow path on the compressor side from the low pressure gas control valve, a sixth flow path connecting the fourth flow path or the low pressure buffer on the low pressure buffer side from the low pressure buffer control valve, and the fifth flow path. A pulse tube refrigerator comprising a high-pressure opening / closing valve provided and a low-pressure opening / closing valve provided in the sixth flow path. 請求項１記載のパルス管冷凍機において、前記高圧ガス制御バルブが閉状態の時の少なくとも一部の期間で前記高圧開閉バルブを開状態とし、前記低圧ガス制御バルブが閉状態の時の少なくとも一部の期間で前記低圧開閉バルブを開状態とすることを特徴とするパルス管冷凍機。   2. The pulse tube refrigerator according to claim 1, wherein the high-pressure open / close valve is opened during at least a part of the period when the high-pressure gas control valve is closed, and at least one when the low-pressure gas control valve is closed. The pulse tube refrigerator is characterized in that the low-pressure on-off valve is opened during the period of the section. 請求項１記載のパルス管冷凍機において、前記高圧ガス制御バルブ、前記低圧ガス制御バルブおよび前記低圧バッファ制御バルブが閉状態で前記高圧バッファ制御バルブが開状態の時の少なくとも一部の期間で前記低圧開閉バルブを開状態とし、前記高圧ガス制御バルブ、前記低圧ガス制御バルブおよび前記高圧バッファ制御バルブが閉状態で前記低圧バッファ制御バルブが開状態の時の少なくとも一部の期間で前記高圧開閉バルブを開状態とすることを特徴とするパルス管冷凍機。 2. The pulse tube refrigerator according to claim 1, wherein the high-pressure gas control valve, the low-pressure gas control valve, and the low-pressure buffer control valve are in a closed state and the high-pressure buffer control valve is in an open state in at least a part of the period. The high-pressure on-off valve is opened during at least a part of the period when the low-pressure on-off valve is opened and the high-pressure gas control valve, the low-pressure gas control valve, and the high-pressure buffer control valve are closed and the low-pressure buffer control valve is open. Is a pulse tube refrigerator characterized by being opened. 請求項１記載のパルス管冷凍機において、前記高圧バッファ制御バルブが開状態の時の少なくとも一部の期間で前記高圧開閉バルブを開状態とし、前記低圧バッファ制御バルブが開状態の時の少なくとも一部の期間で前記低圧開閉バルブを開状態とすることを特徴とするパルス管冷凍機。   2. The pulse tube refrigerator according to claim 1, wherein the high-pressure open / close valve is opened during at least a part of the period when the high-pressure buffer control valve is open, and at least one when the low-pressure buffer control valve is open. The pulse tube refrigerator is characterized in that the low-pressure on-off valve is opened during the period of the section. 請求項１記載のパルス管冷凍機において、前記高圧ガス制御バルブが開状態の時の少なくとも一部の期間で前記高圧開閉バルブを開状態とし、前記低圧ガス制御バルブが開状態の時の少なくとも一部の期間で前記低圧開閉バルブを開状態とすることを特徴とするパルス管冷凍機。   2. The pulse tube refrigerator according to claim 1, wherein the high-pressure open / close valve is opened during at least a part of the period when the high-pressure gas control valve is open, and at least one when the low-pressure gas control valve is open. The pulse tube refrigerator is characterized in that the low-pressure on-off valve is opened during the period of the section. 請求項５記載のパルス管冷凍機において、前記高圧ガス制御バルブが開くのと概略同時に前記高圧開閉バルブを開き、前記高圧バッファ制御バルブよりも早く前記高圧開閉バルブを閉じ、前記低圧ガス制御バルブが開くのと概略同時に前記低圧開閉バルブが開き、前記低圧バッファ制御バルブよりも早く前記低圧開閉バルブを閉じるようにしたことを特徴とするパルス管冷凍機。   6. The pulse tube refrigerator according to claim 5, wherein the high pressure on / off valve is opened substantially simultaneously with the opening of the high pressure gas control valve, and the high pressure on / off valve is closed earlier than the high pressure buffer control valve. The pulse tube refrigerator is characterized in that the low-pressure on-off valve is opened almost simultaneously with the opening, and the low-pressure on-off valve is closed earlier than the low-pressure buffer control valve. 請求項１から６記載のパルス管冷凍機において、前記第５流路および第６流路には絞り機構を付設することを特徴とするパルス管冷凍機。   7. The pulse tube refrigerator according to claim 1, wherein a throttle mechanism is attached to the fifth channel and the sixth channel.
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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2019128055A (en) * 2018-01-22 2019-08-01 住友重機械工業株式会社 Active buffer pulse tube refrigeration machine

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