JP2013240184A - Battery driven forklift - Google Patents

Battery driven forklift Download PDF

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JP2013240184A
JP2013240184A JP2012111097A JP2012111097A JP2013240184A JP 2013240184 A JP2013240184 A JP 2013240184A JP 2012111097 A JP2012111097 A JP 2012111097A JP 2012111097 A JP2012111097 A JP 2012111097A JP 2013240184 A JP2013240184 A JP 2013240184A
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storage battery
lead storage
battery
electric drive
cooling device
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Sayumi Hirose
サユミ 広瀬
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Sumitomo Heavy Industries Ltd
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Sumitomo Heavy Industries Ltd
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/72—Electric energy management in electromobility

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a forklift mounted with a lead storage battery capable of preventing stratification of electrolyte even when used in a form with small vibrations.SOLUTION: A lead storage battery supplies electric power to at least one of a traveling electric drive device and a load handling electric drive device. A cooling device locally cools a portion of the lead storage battery. For example, it locally cools an upper part of the lead storage battery to generate convection of the electrolyte, and thereby prevents the stratification.

Description

本発明は、バッテリ駆動フォークリフトに関する。   The present invention relates to a battery-driven forklift.

特許文献１に、電動フォークリフトが開示されている。電動フォークリフトの電源として、鉛蓄電池等の二次電池が用いられる。鉛蓄電池の充放電を繰り返すと、電解液の成層化が生じ、電気的特性が低下する。鉛蓄電池の充電時に過充電を行い、ガスを発生させることにより、電解液の成層化を抑制することができる。ところが、過充電を行うと、ガスの発生により電極が劣化するという不具合が生じる。   Patent Document 1 discloses an electric forklift. A secondary battery such as a lead storage battery is used as a power source for the electric forklift. Repeated charge / discharge of the lead-acid battery causes stratification of the electrolyte solution, resulting in a decrease in electrical characteristics. By overcharging the lead-acid battery during charging and generating gas, stratification of the electrolyte can be suppressed. However, when overcharging is performed, there is a problem that the electrode deteriorates due to the generation of gas.

過充電以外の方法で、電解液の成層化を抑制する技術が提案されている。例えば、電池の振動によって電解液を流動させる構造が提案されている（特許文献２）。また、電池を反転させることにより、電解液の成層化を抑制する技術が提案されている（特許文献３）。   Techniques for suppressing stratification of the electrolytic solution by methods other than overcharging have been proposed. For example, a structure in which an electrolytic solution is caused to flow by vibration of a battery has been proposed (Patent Document 2). Moreover, the technique which suppresses stratification of electrolyte solution by reversing a battery is proposed (patent document 3).

特開２０１１−５４３５３号公報JP 2011-54353 A 特開２００７−２４２３３３号公報JP 2007-242333 A 特開２００１−０４３９０１号公報JP 2001-043901 A

フォークリフトが平坦な敷地内で使用される場合には、フォークリフトに搭載された鉛蓄電池に生じる振動が少ない。振動が少ない態様で運転されるフォークリフト用の鉛蓄電池においては、振動によって電解液を流動させる構造を採用しても、成層化を防止する十分な効果を得ることはできない。また、電池を反転させる方法は、完全密閉型の鉛蓄電池にしか適用できない。
本発明の目的は、振動の少ない態様で使用される場合でも、電解液の成層化を抑制することができる鉛蓄電池を搭載したフォークリフトを提供することである。 When the forklift is used on a flat site, there is little vibration generated in the lead storage battery mounted on the forklift. In a lead storage battery for a forklift that is operated in a mode with less vibration, a sufficient effect of preventing stratification cannot be obtained even if a structure in which an electrolyte is caused to flow by vibration is employed. The method of reversing the battery is applicable only to a completely sealed lead-acid battery.
An object of the present invention is to provide a forklift equipped with a lead storage battery that can suppress stratification of an electrolyte even when used in a mode with less vibration.

本発明の一観点によると、
走行用電動駆動装置と、
荷役用電動駆動装置と、
前記走行用電動駆動装置及び前記荷役用電動駆動装置の少なくとも一方に電力を供給する鉛蓄電池と、
前記鉛蓄電池の一部を局所的に冷却する冷却装置と
を有するバッテリ駆動フォークリフトが提供される。 According to one aspect of the invention,
An electric drive for traveling;
An electric drive for cargo handling;
A lead storage battery for supplying power to at least one of the electric drive device for traveling and the electric drive device for cargo handling;
A battery-driven forklift having a cooling device for locally cooling a part of the lead storage battery is provided.

鉛蓄電池を局所的に冷却することにより、電解液の対流を促し、成層化を抑制することができる。   By locally cooling the lead storage battery, convection of the electrolyte can be promoted and stratification can be suppressed.

図１は、実施例によるバッテリ駆動フォークリフトの側面図である。FIG. 1 is a side view of a battery-driven forklift according to an embodiment. 図２は、実施例によるバッテリ駆動フォークリフトのブロック図である。FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a battery-driven forklift according to the embodiment. 図３Ａ及び図３Ｂは、それぞれ実施例によるバッテリ駆動フォークリフトに搭載される鉛蓄電池の平断面図及び側面図である。3A and 3B are a cross-sectional view and a side view, respectively, of a lead storage battery mounted on a battery-driven forklift according to an embodiment. 図４Ａは、変形例による鉛蓄電池の側面図であり、図４Ｂは、図４Ａの一点鎖線４Ｂ−４Ｂにおける断面図である。4A is a side view of a lead storage battery according to a modification, and FIG. 4B is a cross-sectional view taken along one-dot chain line 4B-4B in FIG. 4A.

図１に、実施例によるフォークリフトの側面図を示す。実施例によるフォークリフトは、車体後方に重りを搭載することにより車体のバランスをとるように構成された所謂カウンタ式のフォークリフトである。運転者が運転席１０に着座して、レバー等の操作器１４を操作する。運転席１０よりも前方に前輪１２が配置され、運転席１０よりも後方に後輪１３が配置されている。前輪１２は駆動用の車輪であり、後輪１３は操舵用の車輪である。運転席１０の前方に配置されたフォーク１１が、荷物を昇降させる。車体に電源室２０及び充電用端子２３が設けられている。電源室２０内に鉛蓄電池２１が搭載されている。   FIG. 1 shows a side view of a forklift according to an embodiment. The forklift according to the embodiment is a so-called counter-type forklift configured to balance the vehicle body by mounting a weight on the rear side of the vehicle body. The driver sits on the driver's seat 10 and operates the operation device 14 such as a lever. A front wheel 12 is disposed in front of the driver seat 10, and a rear wheel 13 is disposed in the rear of the driver seat 10. The front wheel 12 is a driving wheel, and the rear wheel 13 is a steering wheel. A fork 11 disposed in front of the driver's seat 10 raises and lowers the load. A power supply chamber 20 and a charging terminal 23 are provided on the vehicle body. A lead storage battery 21 is mounted in the power supply chamber 20.

図２に、実施例によるフォークリフトのブロック図を示す。走行モータ（走行用電動駆動装置）１５が前輪１２（図１）を駆動する。荷役モータ（荷役用電動駆動装置）１６がフォーク１１（図１）の昇降を行う。走行モータ１５及び荷役モータ１６は、それぞれ走行用インバータ１７及び荷役用インバータ１８を介してバスライン３０に接続されている。鉛蓄電池２１が、充電用端子２３に接続されるとともに、電圧コンバータ２４を介してバスライン３０に接続されている。   FIG. 2 shows a block diagram of the forklift according to the embodiment. A travel motor (travel electric drive device) 15 drives the front wheels 12 (FIG. 1). A cargo handling motor (electric handling device for cargo handling) 16 raises and lowers the fork 11 (FIG. 1). The travel motor 15 and the cargo handling motor 16 are connected to the bus line 30 via the travel inverter 17 and the cargo handling inverter 18, respectively. The lead storage battery 21 is connected to the charging terminal 23 and is connected to the bus line 30 via the voltage converter 24.

制御装置４０が、操作器１４（図１）からの指令に基づき、電圧コンバータ２４、走行用インバータ１７、及び荷役用インバータ１８を制御する。電圧コンバータ２４及び走行用インバータ１７を制御することにより、鉛蓄電池２１からバスライン３０を経由して、走行モータ１５に電力が供給される。電圧コンバータ２４及び荷役用インバータ１８を制御することにより、鉛蓄電池２１からバスライン３０を経由して、荷役モータ１６に電力が供給される。   The control device 40 controls the voltage converter 24, the traveling inverter 17, and the cargo handling inverter 18 based on a command from the operation device 14 (FIG. 1). By controlling the voltage converter 24 and the traveling inverter 17, electric power is supplied from the lead storage battery 21 to the traveling motor 15 via the bus line 30. By controlling the voltage converter 24 and the cargo handling inverter 18, electric power is supplied from the lead storage battery 21 to the cargo handling motor 16 via the bus line 30.

冷却装置５０が、鉛蓄電池２１の上部において、鉛蓄電池２１に熱的に結合している。冷却装置５０には、例えばペルチェ素子が用いられる。冷却装置５０は、スイッチ５１を介して蓄電装置５０に電気的に接続されている。スイッチ５０は、制御装置４０によりオンオフ制御される。スイッチ５１を導通させると、冷却装置５０が蓄電装置２１の上部を局所的に冷却する。   The cooling device 50 is thermally coupled to the lead storage battery 21 at the top of the lead storage battery 21. For the cooling device 50, for example, a Peltier element is used. Cooling device 50 is electrically connected to power storage device 50 via switch 51. The switch 50 is ON / OFF controlled by the control device 40. When the switch 51 is turned on, the cooling device 50 locally cools the upper portion of the power storage device 21.

図３Ａに、鉛蓄電池２１の平断面図を示す。電池容器内に、正極板２５、負極板２６、及び電解液２９が収容されている。冷却装置５０が、電池容器の側面に取り付けられ、鉛蓄電池２１に熱的に結合している。冷却装置５０は、ペルチェ素子５２及び放熱フィン５３を含む。ペルチェ素子５２の吸熱部が鉛蓄電池２１に接触している。ペルチェ素子５２の発熱部に、放熱フィン５３が取り付けられている。図３Ａに示した矢印は、熱の流れを示す。   FIG. 3A shows a plan sectional view of the lead storage battery 21. A positive electrode plate 25, a negative electrode plate 26, and an electrolyte solution 29 are accommodated in the battery container. A cooling device 50 is attached to the side surface of the battery container and is thermally coupled to the lead storage battery 21. The cooling device 50 includes a Peltier element 52 and a heat radiating fin 53. The heat absorption part of the Peltier element 52 is in contact with the lead storage battery 21. A heat radiating fin 53 is attached to the heat generating portion of the Peltier element 52. The arrows shown in FIG. 3A indicate the heat flow.

図３Ｂに、鉛蓄電池２１の側面図を示す。電池容器の上面に、正極端子２７及び負極端子２８が取り付けられている。電池容器内に正極板２５、負極板２６、及び電解液２９が収容されている。正極板２５は正極端子２７に接続され、負極板２６は負極端子２８に接続されている。電解液２９の深さ方向の中央よりも上方において、冷却装置５０が電池容器の側面に接触している。   FIG. 3B shows a side view of the lead storage battery 21. A positive electrode terminal 27 and a negative electrode terminal 28 are attached to the upper surface of the battery container. A positive electrode plate 25, a negative electrode plate 26, and an electrolyte solution 29 are accommodated in the battery container. The positive electrode plate 25 is connected to the positive electrode terminal 27, and the negative electrode plate 26 is connected to the negative electrode terminal 28. The cooling device 50 is in contact with the side surface of the battery container above the center of the electrolytic solution 29 in the depth direction.

冷却装置５０によって鉛蓄電池２１の上部を局所的に冷却すると、電解液の上下に温度差が発生する。上下方向の温度差に起因して電解液の熱対流が生じ、電解液が上下方向に撹拌される。これにより、電解液の成層化を抑制することができる。電解液の対流を生じ
させるために、鉛蓄電池２１に収容されている電解液の深さ方向の中央よりも上の部分を、局所的に冷却することが好ましい。 When the upper part of the lead storage battery 21 is locally cooled by the cooling device 50, a temperature difference is generated between the upper and lower portions of the electrolytic solution. Due to the temperature difference in the vertical direction, thermal convection of the electrolytic solution occurs, and the electrolytic solution is stirred in the vertical direction. Thereby, stratification of electrolyte solution can be controlled. In order to cause convection of the electrolytic solution, it is preferable to locally cool the portion above the center in the depth direction of the electrolytic solution accommodated in the lead storage battery 21.

制御装置４０（図２）は、例えば、鉛蓄電池２１の充電中にスイッチ５１を導通させて、鉛蓄電池２１を局所的に冷却する。また、放電中に、定期的にスイッチ５１を導通させて、鉛蓄電池２１を局所的に冷却してもよい。   For example, the control device 40 (FIG. 2) causes the switch 51 to conduct during charging of the lead storage battery 21 to locally cool the lead storage battery 21. Further, the lead storage battery 21 may be locally cooled by conducting the switch 51 periodically during discharging.

上記実施例では、１つの鉛蓄電池２１（図２）が、走行モータ１５及び荷役モータ１６の両方に電力を供給する構成が採用されている。他の例として、鉛蓄電池２１が、走行モータ１５及び荷役モータ１６の一方のみに電力を供給する構成としてもよい。例えば、鉛蓄電池２１で荷役モータ１６を駆動し、走行モータ１５は、亜鉛空気電池等の他の電池で駆動するようにしてもよい。   In the said Example, the structure with which one lead storage battery 21 (FIG. 2) supplies electric power to both the traveling motor 15 and the cargo handling motor 16 is employ | adopted. As another example, the lead storage battery 21 may supply power to only one of the traveling motor 15 and the cargo handling motor 16. For example, the cargo handling motor 16 may be driven by the lead storage battery 21 and the traveling motor 15 may be driven by another battery such as a zinc-air battery.

図４Ａに、実施例の変形例による鉛蓄電池２１の側面図を示す。この変形例においては、鉛蓄電池２１に、冷却装置５０に加えて加温装置６０が取り付けられている。加温装置６０は、冷却装置５０によって局所的に冷却される位置よりも下側において、鉛蓄電池２１を局所的に加温する。   In FIG. 4A, the side view of the lead storage battery 21 by the modification of an Example is shown. In this modification, a heating device 60 is attached to the lead storage battery 21 in addition to the cooling device 50. The heating device 60 locally heats the lead storage battery 21 below the position where it is locally cooled by the cooling device 50.

図４Ｂに、図４Ａの一点鎖線４Ｂ−４Ｂにおける断面図を示す。加温装置６０には、例えばペルチェ素子が用いられる。ペルチェ素子の発熱部が鉛蓄電池２１の下部に接触し、鉛蓄電池２１に熱的に結合している。加温装置６０に用いられているペルチェ素子の吸熱部が、伝熱板６１を介して、冷却装置５０の発熱部に熱的に結合している。加温装置６０は、鉛蓄電池２１の下部の電解液を、例えば４０℃程度まで加温する。   FIG. 4B is a cross-sectional view taken along one-dot chain line 4B-4B in FIG. 4A. For the heating device 60, for example, a Peltier element is used. The heat generating part of the Peltier element contacts the lower part of the lead storage battery 21 and is thermally coupled to the lead storage battery 21. The heat absorbing part of the Peltier element used in the heating device 60 is thermally coupled to the heat generating part of the cooling device 50 via the heat transfer plate 61. The warming device 60 warms the electrolyte below the lead storage battery 21 to, for example, about 40 ° C.

冷却装置５０の他に加温装置６０を配置することにより、電解液の対流をさらに促し、成層化の抑制効果を高めることができる。制御装置４０（図２）は、例えば、鉛蓄電池２１の充電中にスイッチ５１を導通させて、鉛蓄電池２１を局所的に冷却及び加温する。また、放電中に、定期的にスイッチ５１を導通させて、鉛蓄電池２１を局所的に冷却及び加温してもよい。   By arranging the heating device 60 in addition to the cooling device 50, it is possible to further promote convection of the electrolytic solution and enhance the effect of suppressing stratification. For example, the control device 40 (FIG. 2) causes the switch 51 to conduct during charging of the lead storage battery 21 to locally cool and heat the lead storage battery 21. Further, the lead storage battery 21 may be locally cooled and warmed by periodically conducting the switch 51 during discharge.

加温装置６０として、ペルチェ素子に代えて電熱ヒータ等を用いてもよい。冷却装置５０として、ペルチェ素子に代えて、他の冷却装置を用いてもよい。   As the heating device 60, an electric heater or the like may be used instead of the Peltier element. As the cooling device 50, another cooling device may be used instead of the Peltier element.

以上実施例に沿って本発明を説明したが、本発明はこれらに制限されるものではない。例えば、種々の変更、改良、組み合わせ等が可能なことは当業者に自明であろう。   Although the present invention has been described with reference to the embodiments, the present invention is not limited thereto. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications, improvements, combinations, and the like can be made.

１０ 運転席
１１ フォーク
１２ 前輪
１３ 後輪
１４ 操作器
１５ 走行モータ（走行用電動駆動装置）
１６ 荷役モータ（荷役用電動駆動装置）
１７ 走行用インバータ
１８ 荷役用インバータ
２０ 電源室
２１ 鉛蓄電池
２３ 充電用端子
２４ 電圧コンバータ
２５ 正極板
２６ 負極板
２７ 正極端子
２８ 不極端子
２９ 電解液
３０ バスライン
４０ 制御装置
５０ 冷却装置
５１ スイッチ
５２ ペルチェ素子
５３ 放熱フィン
６０ 加温装置
６１ 伝熱板 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Driver's seat 11 Fork 12 Front wheel 13 Rear wheel 14 Operator 15 Traveling motor (electric drive device for traveling)
16 Cargo handling motor (electric drive for cargo handling)
17 Inverter for traveling 18 Inverter for cargo handling 20 Power supply chamber 21 Lead storage battery 23 Charging terminal 24 Voltage converter 25 Positive electrode plate 26 Negative electrode plate 27 Positive electrode terminal 28 Nonpolar terminal 29 Electrolytic solution 30 Bus line 40 Control device 50 Cooling device 51 Switch 52 Peltier Element 53 Radiation fin 60 Heating device 61 Heat transfer plate

Claims (3)

走行用電動駆動装置と、
荷役用電動駆動装置と、
前記走行用電動駆動装置及び前記荷役用電動駆動装置の少なくとも一方に電力を供給する鉛蓄電池と、
前記鉛蓄電池の一部を局所的に冷却する冷却装置と
を有するバッテリ駆動フォークリフト。 An electric drive for traveling;
An electric drive for cargo handling;
A lead storage battery for supplying power to at least one of the electric drive device for traveling and the electric drive device for cargo handling;
A battery-driven forklift having a cooling device for locally cooling a part of the lead storage battery. 前記冷却装置は、前記鉛蓄電池に収容されている電解液の深さ方向の中央よりも上の部分を冷却する請求項１に記載のバッテリ駆動フォークリフト。   2. The battery-driven forklift according to claim 1, wherein the cooling device cools a portion above the center in the depth direction of the electrolyte contained in the lead storage battery. さらに、前記冷却装置で局所的に冷却される位置よりも下側において、前記鉛蓄電池を局所的に加温する加温装置を有する請求項１または２に記載のバッテリ駆動フォークリフト。   The battery-driven forklift according to claim 1 or 2, further comprising a heating device that locally heats the lead storage battery at a position lower than a position where it is locally cooled by the cooling device.
JP2012111097A 2012-05-15 2012-05-15 Battery driven forklift Pending JP2013240184A (en)

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Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2017017887A (en) * 2015-07-02 2017-01-19 古河電気工業株式会社 Device and method for lead-acid battery management
JP2017030607A (en) * 2015-08-03 2017-02-09 株式会社クボタ Service car
JP2018170151A (en) * 2017-03-29 2018-11-01 株式会社Ｇｓユアサ Lead storage battery
DE102021209554B3 (en) 2021-08-31 2023-01-12 Zf Friedrichshafen Ag Industrial truck with at least one thermoelectric element

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2017017887A (en) * 2015-07-02 2017-01-19 古河電気工業株式会社 Device and method for lead-acid battery management
JP2017030607A (en) * 2015-08-03 2017-02-09 株式会社クボタ Service car
JP2018170151A (en) * 2017-03-29 2018-11-01 株式会社Ｇｓユアサ Lead storage battery
DE102021209554B3 (en) 2021-08-31 2023-01-12 Zf Friedrichshafen Ag Industrial truck with at least one thermoelectric element

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