JP2013234089A - Method for manufacturing optical fiber - Google Patents

Method for manufacturing optical fiber Download PDF

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JP2013234089A
JP2013234089A JP2012107418A JP2012107418A JP2013234089A JP 2013234089 A JP2013234089 A JP 2013234089A JP 2012107418 A JP2012107418 A JP 2012107418A JP 2012107418 A JP2012107418 A JP 2012107418A JP 2013234089 A JP2013234089 A JP 2013234089A
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optical fiber
longitudinal direction
sample
wire drawing
characteristic
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JP5949117B2 (en
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Teruhiko Ito
輝彦 伊藤
Yoshinori Yamamoto
義典 山本
Tomohiro Ishihara
朋浩 石原
Kiichiro Kawasaki
希一郎 川崎
Takushi Tamura
拓史 田村
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Sumitomo Electric Industries Ltd
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Sumitomo Electric Industries Ltd
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Priority to PCT/JP2013/062882 priority patent/WO2013168724A1/en
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
    • C03B37/00—Manufacture or treatment of flakes, fibres, or filaments from softened glass, minerals, or slags
    • C03B37/01—Manufacture of glass fibres or filaments
    • C03B37/02—Manufacture of glass fibres or filaments by drawing or extruding, e.g. direct drawing of molten glass from nozzles; Cooling fins therefor
    • C03B37/025—Manufacture of glass fibres or filaments by drawing or extruding, e.g. direct drawing of molten glass from nozzles; Cooling fins therefor from reheated softened tubes, rods, fibres or filaments, e.g. drawing fibres from preforms
    • C03B37/0253—Controlling or regulating
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
    • C03B2205/00—Fibre drawing or extruding details
    • C03B2205/40—Monitoring or regulating the draw tension or draw rate
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
    • C03B2205/00—Fibre drawing or extruding details
    • C03B2205/60—Optical fibre draw furnaces
    • C03B2205/72—Controlling or measuring the draw furnace temperature
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P40/00—Technologies relating to the processing of minerals
    • Y02P40/50—Glass production, e.g. reusing waste heat during processing or shaping
    • Y02P40/57—Improving the yield, e-g- reduction of reject rates

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Manufacture, Treatment Of Glass Fibers (AREA)

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method for improving a product yield of an optical fiber obtained by wire drawing, and reducing cost.SOLUTION: A wire drawing method includes: an optical fiber characteristic prediction step for measuring, in at least two locations in the longitudinal direction, a refractive index distribution in the cross-sectional radial direction of an optical fiber preform 1 prior to wire drawing, and for calculating and predicting two or more optical fiber characteristics in the longitudinal direction from the measured refractive index distribution; a sample fiber characteristic measuring step for collecting sample fibers from the wire drawing start-end or the wire drawing start-end and a point in the middle of the wire drawing, and for measuring two or more optical fiber characteristics of the collected samples; an optical fiber characteristic correction step for correcting fluctuations in the longitudinal direction of the two or more optical fiber characteristics calculated in the optical fiber characteristic prediction step, from the optical fiber characteristics of the sample measured in the sample fiber characteristic measuring step; and a wire drawing tension adjustment step for determining wire drawing tension so that the two or more optical fiber characteristics subsequent to the sample collection positions are all within a favorable range in the longitudinal direction, and for adjusting the wire drawing tension.

Description

本発明は、光ファイバ母材を加熱溶融しながら光ファイバを線引きする光ファイバの製造方法に関する。   The present invention relates to an optical fiber manufacturing method for drawing an optical fiber while heating and melting an optical fiber preform.

光通信などに用いられる光ファイバは、加熱炉で光ファイバ母材を加熱溶融して線引きすることによって得られるが、線引きされた光ファイバは、長手方向全長で所望の光ファイバ特性を満たし、且つその特性が均一であることが望ましい。このため、プリフォームアナライザなどにより光ファイバ母材の屈折率分布を測定してカットオフ波長などの光ファイバの特性値を計算・予測し、これらの特性が所望の値になるかどうかを見極め、所望の値の範囲内に入るような線引き条件で線引きすることが行われる。   An optical fiber used for optical communication or the like is obtained by heating and melting an optical fiber preform in a heating furnace and drawing, and the drawn optical fiber satisfies desired optical fiber characteristics in the entire length in the longitudinal direction, and It is desirable that the characteristics be uniform. For this reason, the refractive index distribution of the optical fiber preform is measured by a preform analyzer, etc., and the optical fiber characteristic values such as the cutoff wavelength are calculated and predicted, and it is determined whether or not these characteristics are desired values. Drawing is performed under a drawing condition that falls within a desired value range.

例えば、特許文献１には、光ファイバ母材の屈折率分布から予め光ファイバ特性（カットオフ波長）を予測し、予測値に応じて光ファイバ母材の線引き時の線引張力を制御することで、線引き後の光ファイバのカットオフ波長を目標とするカットオフ波長に合致するようにすることが記載されている。
しかしこの方法は、屈折率分布が長手方向に均一な光ファイバ母材の線引きであれば問題ないが、予測箇所が一点であるため、長手方向に屈折率分布が変動している光ファイバ母材を線引きする場合には不完全な方法であり、光ファイバの特性値が所望の範囲から外れる場合があった。また、実際に線引きした光ファイバサンプルの光ファイバ特性を線引き時に確認することはしていないため、例えば実際の線引張力がロット間で変動する場合や、光ファイバ母材の屈折率分布から計算される光ファイバ特性値と実際の光ファイバでの特性値とに誤差がある場合などに、線引きした光ファイバのカットオフ波長特性が不合格となる可能性が大いにあった。 For example, in Patent Document 1, optical fiber characteristics (cutoff wavelength) are predicted in advance from the refractive index distribution of an optical fiber preform, and the drawing tension at the time of drawing the optical fiber preform is controlled according to the predicted value. Thus, it is described that the cut-off wavelength of the optical fiber after drawing is matched with the target cut-off wavelength.
However, this method has no problem as long as the optical fiber preform is drawn with a uniform refractive index distribution in the longitudinal direction. However, since the predicted position is a single point, the optical fiber preform in which the refractive index distribution fluctuates in the longitudinal direction. Is an incomplete method, and the characteristic value of the optical fiber may be out of the desired range. In addition, since the optical fiber characteristics of the actually drawn optical fiber sample are not confirmed at the time of drawing, for example, when the actual drawing tension varies from lot to lot or calculated from the refractive index distribution of the optical fiber preform. When there is an error between the optical fiber characteristic value to be measured and the characteristic value in the actual optical fiber, there is a great possibility that the cut-off wavelength characteristic of the drawn optical fiber will be rejected.

また、特許文献２には、予め光ファイバ母材の屈折率プロファイルを長手方向で測定して線引き後の光ファイバの長手方向のカットオフ波長の変動を推定しておき、線引き時にカットオフ波長推定値に応じて目標のカットオフ波長に合致するよう、制御コンピュータを用いて長手方向に順次線引張力を制御して線引きを行なうことが記載されている。
この方法であれば、特許文献１に記載されている方法ではできなかった長手方向の特性の変動を制御することができるようになるが、特許文献１と同様に実際に線引きした光ファイバサンプルの光ファイバ特性を確認していないため、実際の線引張力がロット間で変動する場合などに、いずれかの特性が不合格となってしまう可能性が大いにあった。 In Patent Document 2, the refractive index profile of the optical fiber preform is measured in the longitudinal direction in advance to estimate the variation of the cutoff wavelength in the longitudinal direction of the optical fiber after drawing, and the cutoff wavelength is estimated at the time of drawing. It is described that the drawing is performed by sequentially controlling the drawing tension in the longitudinal direction using a control computer so as to match the target cutoff wavelength according to the value.
With this method, it becomes possible to control fluctuations in the characteristics in the longitudinal direction, which was not possible with the method described in Patent Document 1, but, as in Patent Document 1, an optical fiber sample actually drawn is used. Since the optical fiber characteristics have not been confirmed, there is a great possibility that any of the characteristics will be rejected when the actual drawing tension varies between lots.

特許文献３では、光ファイバ母材の線引き開始の際に採取したサンプルファイバの波長分散および分散スロープを測定し、この測定された波長分散および分散スロープに基づいて目標とする波長分散特性を得る為の目標線引張力および目標コア径を求め、求められた目標線引張力で、且つ目標コア径となるように、光ファイバ母材残部の線引きを行なうことが記載されている。
しかしこの方法は、屈折率プロファイルが長手方向に均一である光ファイバ母材に対しては有効であるが、長手方向で光ファイバ特性が変動している光ファイバ母材の場合は、特許文献１に記載された発明同様、光ファイバ特性値が外れる可能性がある。 In Patent Document 3, the chromatic dispersion and dispersion slope of a sample fiber collected at the start of drawing of an optical fiber preform are measured, and a target chromatic dispersion characteristic is obtained based on the measured chromatic dispersion and dispersion slope. It is described that the target fiber pulling force and the target core diameter are obtained, and the remaining part of the optical fiber preform is drawn so as to obtain the target core pulling force and the target core diameter.
However, this method is effective for an optical fiber preform whose refractive index profile is uniform in the longitudinal direction. However, in the case of an optical fiber preform whose optical fiber characteristics vary in the longitudinal direction, Patent Document 1 As with the invention described in, the optical fiber characteristic value may deviate.

特開平２−２８９４４１号公報JP-A-2-289441 特開平８−２１７４８１号公報Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 8-217481 特開２００１−２２０１６７号公報JP 2001-220167 A

光ファイバの価格は年々低下してきており、光ファイバのコスト低減を図るための一つの手段として、製品歩留まりを向上させることが、近年特に必要となってきている。そのためには、線引きされた光ファイバの全長において、光ファイバ特性が仕様の範囲内にあることが望ましく、線引きされる光ファイバの長手方向の特性変動を予測し、全長で仕様の範囲内に入るように制御する方法が用いられている。各特性の仕様幅が狭い高機能ファイバなどを製造する場合には特に、より正確に変動を予測、制御する必要がある。
しかしながら、上記したように特許文献１〜３に記載されている発明の内容では、長手方向に光ファイバの特性が変動している場合や、光ファイバ母材での予測値と線引き後の実際の光ファイバの特性とがずれている場合などに仕様範囲から外れてしまう可能性があった。また、光ファイバの特性には複数の特性があり、全て仕様の範囲内に入ることが求められるが、これら複数の特性を長手方向でうまく仕様範囲内に入れることは今まで考えられておらず、これらの要因により、製品歩留まりを向上させることができていなかった。 The price of optical fibers has been decreasing year by year, and it has become particularly necessary in recent years to improve the product yield as one means for reducing the cost of optical fibers. For that purpose, it is desirable that the optical fiber characteristics are within the specification range in the entire length of the drawn optical fiber, and the characteristic variation in the longitudinal direction of the drawn optical fiber is predicted, and the entire length falls within the specification range. A control method is used. In particular, when manufacturing a high-performance fiber having a narrow specification width of each characteristic, it is necessary to predict and control the fluctuation more accurately.
However, as described above, in the contents of the inventions described in Patent Documents 1 to 3, when the characteristics of the optical fiber fluctuate in the longitudinal direction, the predicted value in the optical fiber preform and the actual value after drawing There was a possibility that it would fall out of the specification range when the characteristics of the optical fiber were deviated. In addition, there are several characteristics of optical fiber, and all are required to be within the specification range. However, it has not been considered until now that these multiple characteristics are well within the specification range in the longitudinal direction. Because of these factors, the product yield could not be improved.

本発明は、上述の実情を鑑みてなされたもので、線引きすることによって得られる光ファイバの製品歩留まりを向上させ、光ファイバのコスト低減を図ることを目的とする。   The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and an object of the present invention is to improve the product yield of optical fiber obtained by drawing and to reduce the cost of the optical fiber.

本発明による光ファイバの製造方法は、加熱炉で光ファイバ母材を加熱溶融し、線引きすることにより光ファイバを製造する方法において、線引き前の光ファイバ母材断面径方向の屈折率分布を長手方向に少なくとも２箇所以上測定し、測定された屈折率分布から長手方向の２つ以上の光ファイバ特性を計算する光ファイバ特性予測工程と、線引き開始端、または線引開始端及び線引き途中にてサンプルファイバを採取し、採取した前記サンプルファイバの前記２つ以上の光ファイバ特性を測定するサンプルファイバ特性測定工程と、前記サンプルファイバ特性測定工程で測定された前記サンプルファイバの光ファイバ特性から、前記光ファイバ特性予測工程で計算された前記２つ以上の光ファイバ特性の長手方向変動を補正する光ファイバ特性補正工程と、前記サンプルファイバ採取位置以降の前記２つ以上の光ファイバ特性がいずれも長手方向で良好範囲に入るように線引張力を決定し、前記線引張力を調整する線引張力調整工程と、を経て線引きすることを特徴とする。   An optical fiber manufacturing method according to the present invention is a method of manufacturing an optical fiber by heating and melting an optical fiber preform in a heating furnace, and drawing the optical fiber preform. Measuring at least two locations in the direction, and calculating two or more optical fiber characteristics in the longitudinal direction from the measured refractive index distribution, and at the drawing start end, or at the drawing start end and during drawing The sample fiber is sampled, and the two or more optical fiber characteristics of the sample fiber collected are measured, and the sample fiber characteristics measured in the sample fiber characteristic measurement step are used. An optical fiber that corrects longitudinal fluctuations of the two or more optical fiber characteristics calculated in the optical fiber characteristic prediction step A drawing tension adjustment that adjusts the drawing tension by determining the drawing tension so that both of the two or more optical fiber characteristics after the sample fiber sampling position are within a good range in the longitudinal direction. And drawing through a process.

上記線引張力調整工程は、光ファイバ母材の長手方向で複数回線引張力を調整することが望ましい。   In the drawing tension adjusting process, it is desirable to adjust a plurality of line drawing forces in the longitudinal direction of the optical fiber preform.

また、光ファイバ特性補正工程により得られた前記２つ以上の光ファイバ特性から、線引張力調整工程にて線引張力を調整しても前記２つ以上の光ファイバ特性のいずれかが良好とはならない箇所があることが判明した場合には、前記良好とはならない箇所で線引きを中止することが望ましい。   In addition, even if the drawing tension is adjusted in the drawing tension adjustment step from the two or more characteristics of the optical fiber obtained in the optical fiber characteristics correction process, either of the two or more optical fiber characteristics is good. When it is found that there is a portion that should not be removed, it is desirable to stop the drawing at the portion that is not good.

本発明によれば、線引きする光ファイバの長手方向の光ファイバ特性の変動傾向を正確に予測し、実際の光ファイバ特性を測定して２つ以上の光ファイバ特性がいずれも長手方向で良好範囲に入るように線引張力を決定、調整しながら線引きするので、製造する光ファイバの製品歩留まりを向上させ、光ファイバのコスト低減を図ることができる。   According to the present invention, the fluctuation tendency of the optical fiber characteristics in the longitudinal direction of the optical fiber to be drawn is accurately predicted, the actual optical fiber characteristics are measured, and two or more optical fiber characteristics are both in the good range in the longitudinal direction. Since drawing is performed while determining and adjusting the drawing tension so as to enter, the product yield of the optical fiber to be manufactured can be improved, and the cost of the optical fiber can be reduced.

本発明に係る光ファイバの製造装置の概略構成を示すものである。1 shows a schematic configuration of an optical fiber manufacturing apparatus according to the present invention. 線引張力とカットオフ波長との関係を表すグラフである。It is a graph showing the relationship between a drawing tension and a cutoff wavelength. カットオフ波長と波長分散との関係、カットオフ波長とモードフィールド径との関係を表すグラフである。It is a graph showing the relationship between a cutoff wavelength and chromatic dispersion, and the relationship between a cutoff wavelength and a mode field diameter. 実施例１における、光ファイバ母材のカットオフ波長推定値、サンプルファイバのカットオフ波長測定値、及び線引張力を調整して線引きした実際の光ファイバのカットオフ波長測定値を示すグラフである。In Example 1, it is a graph which shows the cut-off wavelength estimated value of the optical fiber preform, the cut-off wavelength measured value of the sample fiber, and the cut-off wavelength measured value of the actual optical fiber drawn by adjusting the drawing tension. . 実施例２における、光ファイバ母材のカットオフ波長推定値、サンプルファイバのカットオフ波長測定値、及び線引張力を調整して線引きした実際の光ファイバのカットオフ波長測定値を示すグラフである。It is a graph which shows the cut-off wavelength estimated value of the optical fiber preform | base_material in Example 2, the cut-off wavelength measured value of a sample fiber, and the cut-off wavelength measured value of the actual optical fiber which drawn by adjusting the drawing tension. .

図１により、本発明の光ファイバ製造方法に用いる製造装置（線引き装置）の概要について説明する。図１において、１００は線引き装置（光ファイバの製造装置）、１は光ファイバ母材、２は光ファイバ、１１は加熱炉、１２は炉心管、１３、１５は外径測定器、１４は樹脂コーティング部、１６はキャプスタン、１７〜１９はローラ、２０はボビン、２１は制御部を示す。   An outline of a manufacturing apparatus (drawing apparatus) used in the optical fiber manufacturing method of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. In FIG. 1, 100 is a drawing apparatus (optical fiber manufacturing apparatus), 1 is an optical fiber preform, 2 is an optical fiber, 11 is a heating furnace, 12 is a furnace core tube, 13 and 15 are outer diameter measuring instruments, and 14 is a resin. The coating unit, 16 is a capstan, 17 to 19 are rollers, 20 is a bobbin, and 21 is a control unit.

光ファイバ母材１は、プリフォームフィーダ（図示せず）に固定されて、加熱炉１１内の炉心管１２の内部に挿入され、加熱炉１１により加熱・溶融される。この炉心管１２の内部には、Ｎ２、Ａｒ、Ｈｅなどの不活性ガスが供給されている。溶融された光ファイバ母材２の下部から線引きされた光ファイバ２は、炉心管１２の下方から外部に出てくる。そして、光ファイバ２は、外径測定器１３によりガラス径が測定され、樹脂コーティング部１４により樹脂で表面が被覆され、その後硬化される。樹脂が被覆・硬化された光ファイバ２は、外径測定器１５により被覆径が測定され、キャプスタン１６およびローラ１７〜１９を順に経て、ボビン２０により巻き取られる。 The optical fiber preform 1 is fixed to a preform feeder (not shown), inserted into the core tube 12 in the heating furnace 11, and heated and melted by the heating furnace 11. An inert gas such as N 2 , Ar, or He is supplied into the core tube 12. The optical fiber 2 drawn from the lower part of the molten optical fiber preform 2 comes out from below the furnace core tube 12. The glass diameter of the optical fiber 2 is measured by the outer diameter measuring device 13, the surface is coated with the resin by the resin coating portion 14, and then cured. The optical fiber 2 coated and cured with the resin is measured for the coating diameter by the outer diameter measuring device 15, and is wound around the bobbin 20 through the capstan 16 and the rollers 17 to 19 in order.

外径測定器１３により測定された光ファイバ２のガラス径、および、外径測定器１５により測定された光ファイバ２の被覆径は、制御部２１に入力される。この制御部２１により、加熱炉１１による光ファイバ母材２の加熱の温度（線引温度）、キャプスタン１６の回転速度が制御され、また、光ファイバ母材２の供給速度が制御される。   The glass diameter of the optical fiber 2 measured by the outer diameter measuring device 13 and the coating diameter of the optical fiber 2 measured by the outer diameter measuring device 15 are input to the control unit 21. The controller 21 controls the heating temperature (drawing temperature) of the optical fiber preform 2 by the heating furnace 11, the rotation speed of the capstan 16, and the supply speed of the optical fiber preform 2.

加熱炉１１の温度（線引温度）により、線引張力（ガラス部張力）は変化する。すなわち、温度が高いほど線引張力は小さく、温度が低いほど線引張力は大きくなる。線引張力は、例えば樹脂コーティング部１４の手前に取り付けた張力計で、オンラインでモニタしても良いが、接触式の張力測定器を用いると、ガラスに傷が付き光ファイバ２の強度が劣化するため、キャプスタン１６の手前で、線引き中は、被覆後の張力を測定することにより、線引張力（ガラス部張力）を間接的に測定する。   Depending on the temperature of the heating furnace 11 (drawing temperature), the drawing tension (glass part tension) changes. That is, the higher the temperature, the smaller the drawing tension, and the lower the temperature, the larger the drawing tension. The drawing tension may be monitored on-line with, for example, a tensiometer attached in front of the resin coating portion 14, but if a contact-type tension measuring device is used, the glass will be damaged and the strength of the optical fiber 2 will deteriorate. Therefore, before drawing the capstan 16, during drawing, the tension after coating is measured to indirectly measure the drawing tension (glass portion tension).

次に、本発明における光ファイバ製造方法について説明する。
本発明では、まず、線引き前の光ファイバ母材の長手方向の屈折率プロファイルをプリフォームアナライザで測定し、この屈折率プロファイルにより、線引き後の長手方向の光ファイバの光学特性を推定する（光ファイバ特性予測工程）。光学特性としては、カットオフ波長、波長分散、モードフィールド径などが挙げられる。この光ファイバ特性予測工程により、長手方向の光ファイバ特性の変動傾向も予測できる。 Next, an optical fiber manufacturing method in the present invention will be described.
In the present invention, first, the refractive index profile in the longitudinal direction of the optical fiber preform before drawing is measured with a preform analyzer, and the optical characteristics of the optical fiber in the longitudinal direction after drawing are estimated based on this refractive index profile (optical Fiber characteristic prediction process). Optical characteristics include cutoff wavelength, chromatic dispersion, mode field diameter, and the like. By this optical fiber characteristic prediction step, the fluctuation tendency of the optical fiber characteristic in the longitudinal direction can also be predicted.

次に、図１の線引き装置１００に光ファイバ母材１をセットし、線引張力を粗調整して線引きを開始し、線引き開始時、若しくは線引き中にサンプルファイバを採取して、このサンプルファイバの２つ以上の光ファイバ特性を測定する（サンプルファイバ特性測定工程）。このサンプルファイバの特性値と、このサンプルファイバ採取位置近傍における屈折率プロファイルから求めた光ファイバ特性の推定値との偏差から、各光ファイバ特性の長手方向の推定値をこの偏差分だけ平行移動させることにより、光ファイバ特性予測工程で得られた長手方向の光ファイバ特性を補正する（光ファイバ特性補正工程）。   Next, the optical fiber preform 1 is set in the drawing apparatus 100 of FIG. 1, the drawing tension is roughly adjusted to start drawing, and the sample fiber is sampled at the start of drawing or during drawing. The two or more optical fiber characteristics are measured (sample fiber characteristic measurement step). From the deviation between the characteristic value of this sample fiber and the estimated value of the optical fiber characteristic obtained from the refractive index profile in the vicinity of the sampling position of the sample fiber, the estimated value in the longitudinal direction of each optical fiber characteristic is translated by this deviation. Thus, the optical fiber characteristic in the longitudinal direction obtained in the optical fiber characteristic prediction step is corrected (optical fiber characteristic correction step).

次に、光ファイバ特性補正工程にて得られた２つ以上の光ファイバ特性から、各光ファイバ特性がいずれも長手方向で目標の範囲内に入るように線引張力を決定し、実際に線引する際にはその線引張力になるように調整する（線引張力調整工程）。この際、各光ファイバ特性がいずれも長手方向で目標の範囲に入るように、全長が目標の範囲に入らない場合は、目標範囲に入る長さが最も長くなるように、光ファイバ特性補正工程にて得られた長手方向の各特性の変動傾向を考えながら、線引張力を調整する。
線引張力の制御は加熱炉１１の供給電力の調整により行う。上記したように、供給電力を減少させると光ファイバ母材の溶融点の溶融温度が低下して粘度が上昇し、線引張力は増大する。逆に供給電力を増加させると線引張力は減少する。 Next, from the two or more optical fiber characteristics obtained in the optical fiber characteristic correction step, the drawing tension is determined so that each optical fiber characteristic falls within the target range in the longitudinal direction. When drawing, it is adjusted so as to have the drawing tension (drawing force adjustment step). At this time, when the total length does not fall within the target range so that each optical fiber characteristic falls within the target range in the longitudinal direction, the optical fiber characteristic correction process is performed so that the length entering the target range becomes the longest. The drawing tension is adjusted while considering the variation tendency of each characteristic in the longitudinal direction obtained in (1).
The drawing tension is controlled by adjusting the power supplied to the heating furnace 11. As described above, when the supplied power is reduced, the melting temperature at the melting point of the optical fiber preform is lowered, the viscosity is increased, and the drawing tension is increased. Conversely, when the supplied power is increased, the drawing tension decreases.

線引張力とカットオフ波長との関係は、図２に示すような関係にあり、線引張力を上げればカットオフ波長は大きく、線引張力を下げればカットオフ波長は小さくなる。すなわち、線引張力を調整することにより、カットオフ波長を調整することができる。
このように線引張力を調整して、サンプルファイバで測定したカットオフ波長の値が光ファイバ母材の推定値とできるだけ一致するように、また、長手方向の光ファイバ特性の変動傾向を考えた場合に、全長で特性値が目標の範囲内に入るように、図２に示した線引張力とカットオフ波長の関係から適当な線引張力を計算し、上記した方法で、線引張力を調整する。 The relationship between the drawing tension and the cutoff wavelength is as shown in FIG. 2, and the cutoff wavelength increases as the drawing tension increases, and the cutoff wavelength decreases as the drawing tension decreases. That is, the cutoff wavelength can be adjusted by adjusting the drawing tension.
By adjusting the drawing force in this way, the cut-off wavelength value measured with the sample fiber matched the estimated value of the optical fiber preform as much as possible, and the fluctuation tendency of the optical fiber characteristics in the longitudinal direction was considered. In this case, an appropriate drawing tension is calculated from the relationship between the drawing tension and the cutoff wavelength shown in FIG. 2 so that the characteristic value falls within the target range at the full length, and the drawing tension is calculated by the method described above. adjust.

カットオフ波長以外の特性については、図３（Ａ）のカットオフ波長と波長分散、および図３（Ｂ）カットオフ波長とモードフィールド径の関係の例に示すように、カットオフ波長と相関があるため、カットオフ波長を適当な範囲に入れるように調整することにより、他の特性も目標値を満たすようにすることができる。しかし、これらの関係にはばらつきがあるため、カットオフ波長とこれらモードフィールド径、波長分散との関係を確認するためには、これら特性も合わせて、サンプルファイバにおいて測定する必要がある。   As for the characteristics other than the cutoff wavelength, as shown in the example of the relationship between the cutoff wavelength and the chromatic dispersion in FIG. 3A and the relationship between the cutoff wavelength and the mode field diameter in FIG. Therefore, by adjusting the cut-off wavelength to fall within an appropriate range, other characteristics can be made to satisfy the target value. However, since these relationships vary, in order to confirm the relationship between the cutoff wavelength, the mode field diameter, and the chromatic dispersion, it is necessary to measure these characteristics together in the sample fiber.

なお、線引張力によって光ファイバ特性が変化するメカニズムについては以下の様に説明できる。
光ファイバ母材は径方向の組成（屈折率分布）に応じた粘性分布を持つため、線引きすることによりこの分布が、残留応力の分布としてファイバに残る。線引張力を変えるとファイバ内の残留応力の分布が変化し、光弾性効果により光ファイバの屈折率分布が変化するため、光ファイバ特性は変化する。このように、線引張力を調整することで光ファイバ特性は変化するので、所望する光ファイバ特性を得ることができる。 The mechanism by which the optical fiber characteristics change due to the drawing tension can be explained as follows.
Since the optical fiber preform has a viscosity distribution according to the composition (refractive index distribution) in the radial direction, this distribution remains in the fiber as a residual stress distribution by drawing. When the drawing force is changed, the distribution of residual stress in the fiber changes, and the refractive index distribution of the optical fiber changes due to the photoelastic effect, so that the optical fiber characteristics change. As described above, since the optical fiber characteristics change by adjusting the drawing tension, the desired optical fiber characteristics can be obtained.

一方、図３に示したように、カットオフ波長とモードフィールド径およびカットオフ波長と波長分散の関係にはばらつきがある。これは光ファイバ母材の屈折率プロファイルやコア径の製造ばらつきに依るものであるが、特性仕様の狭い一部の高機能ファイバの製造においては、これが大きな問題となる。このばらつきの状態は、カットオフ波長以外の別の特性を測定することにより確認することができる。
なお、これらばらつきなどにより、線引張力の調整だけでは長手方向の全部、若しくは一部で光ファイバの特性が良好範囲を外れることも考えられるが、そのような場合には、途中で線引きを中止することにより、無駄な不良品を出さずに光ファイバを製造することができる。 On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 3, the relationship between the cutoff wavelength and the mode field diameter and the relationship between the cutoff wavelength and chromatic dispersion varies. This depends on manufacturing variations in the refractive index profile and core diameter of the optical fiber preform, but this is a major problem in the manufacture of some high-performance fibers with narrow characteristic specifications. This variation state can be confirmed by measuring another characteristic other than the cutoff wavelength.
Due to these variations, it is possible that the characteristics of the optical fiber may be out of the good range in all or part of the longitudinal direction only by adjusting the drawing tension. In such a case, drawing is interrupted in the middle. By doing so, an optical fiber can be manufactured without producing a useless defective product.

（実施例１）
図１に示す装置を用いて光ファイバの線引きを行なう。用意した光ファイバ母材は、ＧｅがドープされたＳｉＯ２コア部、及びＳｉＯ２クラッド部からなる分散シフトファイバ母材で、目標カットオフ波長１３８０±４０ｎｍ、目標波長分散≦５．８ｐｓ／ｎｍ／ｋｍである。予めプリフォームアナライザにて、この光ファイバ母材の５カ所（Ａ１〜Ａ５）の屈折率プロファイルを測定し、全測定点におけるカットオフ波長推定値が１３８０±４０ｎｍとなるような線引張力を図２の関係を用いて求め、求めた線引張力にて線引きを行う。 Example 1
The optical fiber is drawn using the apparatus shown in FIG. The prepared optical fiber preform is a dispersion-shifted fiber preform composed of a SiO 2 core portion doped with Ge and a SiO 2 cladding portion, with a target cutoff wavelength of 1380 ± 40 nm and a target wavelength dispersion ≦ 5.8 ps / nm / km. Using a preform analyzer, the refractive index profiles at five locations (A1 to A5) of this optical fiber preform are measured in advance, and the drawing tension is shown so that the estimated cutoff wavelength at all measurement points is 1380 ± 40 nm. It calculates | requires using the relationship of 2, and it draws with the calculated | required drawing tension.

光ファイバ母材のプリフォームアナライザによる測定結果から求めた長手方向の各位置におけるカットオフ波長と波長分散の推定値を表１に、線引き開始端にて採取されたサンプルファイバの各特性から採取位置における推定値との偏差を求め、表１の値を偏差分変化させて求めたカットオフ波長と波長分散の推定値を表２に示す。この場合、表２においてＡ３〜４のカットオフ波長推定値が目標カットオフ波長の範囲を逸脱していることがわかる。このため、表１の母材のカットオフ波長との偏差に相当する線引張力を計算し、再度線引張力の調整を行なった場合のカットオフ波長と波長分散の推定値を表３に示す。表３に示すように長手方向全長で目標値を満たす推定値が得られるため、以降の線引きを継続する。表４には線引き後の光ファイバで測定されるカットオフ波長と波長分散の値を示すが、表３の推定値に近い良好ファイバを母材の全長に渡って得ることができていることがわかる。   Table 1 shows the estimated cutoff wavelength and chromatic dispersion at each position in the longitudinal direction obtained from the measurement results of the optical fiber preform by the preform analyzer, and the sampling position from each characteristic of the sample fiber sampled at the drawing start end. Table 2 shows the estimated cut-off wavelength and chromatic dispersion obtained by calculating the deviation from the estimated value at, and changing the value in Table 1 by the deviation. In this case, it can be seen in Table 2 that the estimated cutoff wavelength values of A3 to A4 deviate from the target cutoff wavelength range. Therefore, the estimated values of the cutoff wavelength and the chromatic dispersion when the drawing tension corresponding to the deviation from the cutoff wavelength of the base material in Table 1 is calculated and the drawing tension is adjusted again are shown in Table 3. . As shown in Table 3, since an estimated value that satisfies the target value is obtained over the entire length in the longitudinal direction, the subsequent drawing is continued. Table 4 shows the cut-off wavelength and chromatic dispersion values measured on the optical fiber after drawing, but it is possible to obtain a good fiber close to the estimated value in Table 3 over the entire length of the base material. Recognize.

図４には、光ファイバ母材のカットオフ波長推定値、サンプルファイバのカットオフ波長測定値、及び張力調整して線引きしたファイバのカットオフ波長測定値を示す。   FIG. 4 shows the estimated cutoff wavelength of the optical fiber preform, the measured cutoff wavelength of the sample fiber, and the measured cutoff wavelength of the fiber drawn by adjusting the tension.

Figure 2013234089
Figure 2013234089

Figure 2013234089
Figure 2013234089

Figure 2013234089
Figure 2013234089

Figure 2013234089
Figure 2013234089

（実施例２）
図１に示す装置を用いて光ファイバの線引きを行なう。光ファイバ母材は、実施例１と同様、ＧｅがドープされたＳｉＯ２コア部、及びＳｉＯ２クラッド部からなる分散シフトファイバ母材で、目標カットオフ波長１３６０±６０ｎｍ、目標波長分散≦５．８ｐｓ／ｎｍ／ｋｍである。予めプリフォームアナライザにてこの光ファイバ母材の５カ所（Ａ１〜Ａ５）の屈折率プロファイルを測定し、全測定点におけるカットオフ波長推定値が１３６０±６０ｎｍとなるような線引張力を図２の関係を用いて求め、求めた線引張力にて線引きを行う。 (Example 2)
The optical fiber is drawn using the apparatus shown in FIG. As in Example 1, the optical fiber preform is a dispersion-shifted fiber preform composed of an SiO 2 core portion doped with Ge and an SiO 2 clad portion, with a target cutoff wavelength of 1360 ± 60 nm and a target wavelength dispersion ≦ 5. 8 ps / nm / km. The refractive index profiles at five locations (A1 to A5) of this optical fiber preform are measured in advance using a preform analyzer, and the drawing tension is such that the estimated cutoff wavelength at all measurement points is 1360 ± 60 nm. Using the relationship, the drawing is performed with the obtained drawing tension.

光ファイバ母材のプリフォームアナライザによる測定結果から求めた長手方向の各位置におけるカットオフ波長と波長分散の推定値を表５に、線引き開始端にて採取されたサンプルファイバの各特性から採取位置における偏差を求め、表５の値を偏差分変化させて求めたカットオフ波長と波長分散の推定値を表６に示す。この場合、表６においてＡ５の波長分散推定値が目標値を逸脱していることが分かる。このため、表５の母材のカットオフ波長推定値との偏差に相当する線引張力を計算し、再度線引張力の調整を行なった場合のカットオフ波長と波長分散の推定値を表７に示す。表５の母材のカットオフ波長推定値との偏差に相当する線引張力を計算して調整したにも関わらず、表７のように再びＡ５の波長分散推定値が目標値を逸脱する。ここで表７においてＡ５のカットオフ波長の値が≦１４２０ｎｍに対し１４１８ｎｍと既に上限に近い値を示しており、波長分散についても上限を超えていることから、図３のカットオフ波長と波長分散の関係からこれ以上の線引張力調整はできないと判断し、Ａ５以降の線引きを中止する。表８には線引き後の光ファイバで測定されるカットオフ波長と波長分散の値を示すが、表３の推定値に近い良好ファイバをＡ４の位置まで得られていることが分かる。   Table 5 shows the estimated cutoff wavelength and chromatic dispersion at each position in the longitudinal direction obtained from the measurement results of the optical fiber preform by the preform analyzer, and the sampling position from each characteristic of the sample fiber sampled at the drawing start end. Table 6 shows the estimated cut-off wavelength and chromatic dispersion obtained by calculating the deviation at, and changing the values in Table 5 by the deviation. In this case, it can be seen from Table 6 that the estimated chromatic dispersion value of A5 deviates from the target value. For this reason, when the drawing tension corresponding to the deviation from the estimated cutoff wavelength of the base material in Table 5 is calculated and the drawing tension is adjusted again, the estimated cutoff wavelength and chromatic dispersion are shown in Table 7. Shown in Despite calculating and adjusting the drawing tension corresponding to the deviation from the estimated cutoff wavelength of the matrix in Table 5, the estimated chromatic dispersion value of A5 deviates from the target value again as shown in Table 7. Here, in Table 7, since the value of the cutoff wavelength of A5 is already close to the upper limit of 1418 nm with respect to ≦ 1420 nm, and the chromatic dispersion exceeds the upper limit, the cutoff wavelength and chromatic dispersion of FIG. From this relationship, it is determined that no further drawing tension adjustment is possible, and drawing after A5 is stopped. Table 8 shows the cutoff wavelength and chromatic dispersion values measured with the optical fiber after drawing, and it can be seen that a good fiber close to the estimated value in Table 3 is obtained up to the position A4.

図５には、光ファイバ母材のカットオフ波長推定値、サンプルファイバのカットオフ波長測定値、及び張力調整して線引きしたファイバのカットオフ波長測定値を示す。   FIG. 5 shows an estimated cutoff wavelength value of the optical fiber preform, a measured cutoff wavelength value of the sample fiber, and a measured cutoff wavelength value of the fiber drawn by adjusting the tension.

Figure 2013234089
Figure 2013234089

Figure 2013234089
Figure 2013234089

Figure 2013234089
Figure 2013234089

Figure 2013234089
Figure 2013234089

なお、上記実施例では、線引張力を長手方向で一定にして線引きを行なっているが、長手方向に複数回線引張力を変化させて線引きしても良い。光ファイバ母材の測定結果から求まる光ファイバ特性の推定値の長手方向の変化傾向から、この変動が小さくなるように長手方向で線引張力を変化させることにより、光ファイバの特性の変動を、より小さく抑えることができる。
また、サンプルファイバを線引き途中でも採取し、採取されたサンプルファイバの各特性から採取位置における推定値との偏差を再度求め、再度線引張力を調整しても良い。このようにすることにより、さらに光ファイバ特性の予測精度を上げることができ、光ファイバの特性の変動を、より小さく抑えることができる。 In the above-described embodiment, the drawing is performed with the drawing tension constant in the longitudinal direction. However, the drawing may be performed by changing a plurality of drawing tensions in the longitudinal direction. From the trend in the longitudinal direction of the estimated value of the optical fiber characteristics obtained from the measurement result of the optical fiber preform, by changing the drawing tension in the longitudinal direction so that this fluctuation is reduced, the fluctuation in the characteristics of the optical fiber is It can be kept smaller.
Alternatively, the sample fiber may be sampled even during drawing, the deviation from the estimated value at the sampling position may be obtained again from each characteristic of the sample fiber sampled, and the drawing tension may be adjusted again. By doing in this way, the prediction precision of an optical fiber characteristic can be raised further and the fluctuation | variation of the characteristic of an optical fiber can be suppressed smaller.

１００：線引き装置（光ファイバの製造装置）、１：光ファイバ母材、２：光ファイバ、１１：加熱炉、１２：炉心管、１３，１５：外径測定器、１４：樹脂コーティング部、１６：キャプスタン部、１７〜１９：ローラ、２０：巻き取りドラム、２１：制御部 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 100: Drawing apparatus (manufacturing apparatus of an optical fiber), 1: Optical fiber preform, 2: Optical fiber, 11: Heating furnace, 12: Furnace core tube, 13, 15: Outer diameter measuring device, 14: Resin coating part, 16 : Capstan section, 17 to 19: Roller, 20: Winding drum, 21: Control section

Claims (3)

加熱炉で光ファイバ母材を加熱溶融し、線引きすることにより光ファイバを製造する方法において、
線引き前の光ファイバ母材断面径方向の屈折率分布を長手方向に少なくとも２箇所以上測定し、測定された前記屈折率分布から長手方向の２つ以上の光ファイバ特性を計算して予測する光ファイバ特性予測工程と、
線引き開始端、または線引開始端及び線引き途中にてサンプルファイバを採取し、採取した前記サンプルファイバの前記２つ以上の光ファイバ特性を測定するサンプルファイバ特性測定工程と、
前記サンプルファイバ特性測定工程で測定された前記サンプルファイバの光ファイバ特性から、前記光ファイバ特性予測工程で計算された前記２つ以上の光ファイバ特性の長手方向変動を補正する光ファイバ特性補正工程と、
前記サンプルファイバ採取位置以降の前記２つ以上の光ファイバ特性がいずれも長手方向で良好範囲に入るように線引張力を決定し、前記線引張力を調整する線引張力調整工程と、
を経て線引きすることを特徴とする、光ファイバの製造方法。 In a method of manufacturing an optical fiber by heating and melting an optical fiber preform in a heating furnace and drawing,
Light that is obtained by measuring at least two refractive index distributions in the cross-sectional radial direction of the optical fiber preform before drawing and calculating two or more optical fiber characteristics in the longitudinal direction from the measured refractive index distributions. Fiber property prediction process;
A sample fiber characteristic measuring step of collecting a sample fiber at a drawing start end, or at a drawing start end and during drawing, and measuring the two or more optical fiber characteristics of the sampled fiber;
An optical fiber characteristic correction step for correcting longitudinal fluctuations of the two or more optical fiber characteristics calculated in the optical fiber characteristic prediction step from the optical fiber characteristics of the sample fiber measured in the sample fiber characteristic measurement step; ,
A drawing tension adjusting step for determining the drawing tension so that all of the two or more optical fiber characteristics after the sampling fiber sampling position are in a good range in the longitudinal direction, and adjusting the drawing tension;
A method of manufacturing an optical fiber, wherein the optical fiber is drawn through a wire. 前記線引張力調整工程は、前記光ファイバ母材の長手方向で複数回線引張力を調整することを特徴とする、請求項１に記載の光ファイバの製造方法。   The optical fiber manufacturing method according to claim 1, wherein the drawing tension adjusting step adjusts a plurality of line tensions in a longitudinal direction of the optical fiber preform. 前記光ファイバ特性補正工程により得られた前記２つ以上の光ファイバ特性から、前記線引張力調整工程にて線引張力を調整しても前記２つ以上の光ファイバ特性のいずれかが良好とはならない箇所があることが判明した場合には、前記良好とはならない箇所で線引きを中止することを特徴とする請求項１または２に記載の光ファイバの製造方法。   From the two or more optical fiber characteristics obtained in the optical fiber characteristic correction step, any of the two or more optical fiber characteristics is good even if the drawing tension is adjusted in the drawing tension adjustment step. 3. The method of manufacturing an optical fiber according to claim 1, wherein when it is found that there is a portion that should not be drawn, the drawing is stopped at the portion that is not good. 4.
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