JP2013228153A - Air conditioner - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain an air conditioner by a simple device structure including high dehumidification performance, and capable of performing dehumidification in a low-temperature environment which is generally considered difficult to perform only by a refrigerating cycle.SOLUTION: In an air passage, in an order from the upstream side of air flow, a first heat exchanger 4 in a horizontal state or in an inclined state to generate a height difference, a desiccant block 7, and a second heat exchanger 6 arranged nearly in parallel with the first heat exchanger 4 are provided. In dehumidifying operation, a refrigerating cycle is controlled to alternately perform a first operation mode in which the first heat exchanger 4 functions as a condenser and the second heat exchanger 6 functions as an evaporator at temperature higher than a dew point, and a second operation mode in which the first heat exchanger 4 functions as an evaporator and the second heat exchanger 6 functions as a condenser.

Description

  The present invention relates to an air conditioner having a dehumidifying function.

  2. Description of the Related Art As a conventional air conditioner having a dehumidifying function, a device including a compressor, a condenser, an expansion valve, an evaporator, and a refrigerant circuit that circulates a refrigerant through these is known. In such an air conditioner, the refrigerant is compressed by a compressor to become a high-temperature high-pressure gas refrigerant and sent to a condenser. The refrigerant that has flowed into the condenser is liquefied by releasing heat into the air. The liquefied refrigerant is depressurized by the expansion valve to be in a gas-liquid two-phase state, gasified by absorbing heat from ambient air in the evaporator, and flows to the compressor. And air conditioning of a freezing / refrigerated warehouse, a residence, a building, a refrigerator-freezer, etc. is performed by heat exchange with the refrigerant | coolant and ambient air which perform such a refrigerating cycle, for example. However, in a refrigerated / refrigerated warehouse, for example, the air temperature must be controlled to a temperature range lower than 10 ° C., so the evaporation temperature becomes lower than 0 ° C., and frost is generated in the evaporator, resulting in a freezing capacity (dehumidifying capacity). ).

  Therefore, in the air conditioner, a defrosting operation in which the evaporator is heated with a defrost heater attached to the evaporator is periodically performed. However, as a result, energy is consumed for the defrosting operation, causing a reduction in the efficiency of the air conditioner.

  Against this background, an air conditioner provided with a desiccant rotor provided with an adsorbent so that air exchanged with a radiator (condenser) and air flowing into a heat absorber (evaporator) pass therethrough. Has been proposed. In this air conditioner, moisture in the air flowing into the heat absorber (evaporator) is removed at the moisture absorption part of the desiccant rotor, and the dehumidified air is supplied to the heat absorber (evaporator). On the other hand, high-temperature air heated by a radiator (condenser) is supplied to the moisture release section of the desiccant rotor, thereby desorbing moisture from the adsorbent of the desiccant rotor and regenerating the moisture absorption means (for example, Patent Documents) 1).

JP 2001-241693 A (pages 6 to 8, FIG. 2)

  However, the air conditioner described in Patent Document 1 requires a drive unit that rotationally drives the desiccant rotor. In addition, the air passage is divided between the moisture absorbing portion and the moisture releasing portion, and a seal structure that hermetically separates the boundary portion between the moisture absorbing portion and the moisture releasing portion is necessary in order to prevent air leakage. For this reason, there existed a subject that an apparatus enlarged and it became high-cost. Moreover, the air path which connects each of an evaporator and a condenser, and a desiccant rotor is required, The air path structure became complicated and the subject that exchange of a desiccant rotor was difficult occurred.

  Further, for example, in a low temperature environment in a freezer / refrigerated warehouse, after the dehumidifying operation, the temperature in the freezer / refrigerated warehouse increases, the load of the air conditioner increases, and the power consumption increases.

  In addition, in the case of an air conditioner capable of variably controlling the rotation speed, for example, in the middle period such as the rainy season or autumn, the cooling load becomes small, so the cooling load is reduced by reducing the rotation speed of the compressor. The operating state of the air conditioner was made to follow. However, as a result, the evaporation temperature rises and the sensible heat in the air-conditioning target space can be removed, but the latent heat cannot be removed, the relative humidity in the air-conditioning target space increases, and discomfort increases.

  The present invention has been made against the background of the above problems, and provides an air conditioner that has a high dehumidifying capacity and can perform dehumidification in a low temperature environment that is generally not good only with a refrigeration cycle. is there. The present invention also provides an air conditioner with a simple device structure.

  An air conditioner according to the present invention includes a refrigeration cycle in which a compressor, a flow path switching device, a first heat exchanger, a decompression device, and a second heat exchanger are sequentially connected by refrigerant piping, and an inlet and an outlet. A housing that is formed and has an air passage that connects the suction port and the air outlet, an air blower that sucks air outside the housing from the suction port into the air passage, and the air passage that is provided in the air passage The first heat exchanger, the desiccant material, and the first desiccant material in a state of being inclined so as to produce a horizontal state or a height difference in order from the upstream side of the air flow. The second heat exchanger disposed substantially parallel to the one heat exchanger is provided, and the refrigeration cycle is configured such that, in the dehumidifying operation, the first heat exchanger functions as a condenser, and the second heat exchanger The exchanger functions as an evaporator above the dew point As an operation mode, the first heat exchanger functions as an evaporator, and the second heat exchanger is intended to be controlled to perform alternately a second operating mode that functions as a condenser.

According to the present invention, air dehumidification by the moisture adsorption action of the desiccant material and air dehumidification by cooling the air using the evaporator of the refrigeration cycle are performed in combination. For this reason, the air conditioning apparatus which has high dehumidification capability can be obtained. Moreover, the fall of the dehumidification capability in a low temperature environment can be suppressed.
Further, the first heat exchanger, the desiccant material, and the second heat exchanger are arranged in series in the air passage, and the refrigeration cycle functions as a condenser in the refrigeration cycle in the dehumidifying operation. And a second operation mode in which the second heat exchanger functions as an evaporator having a temperature higher than the dew point, and a second operation in which the first heat exchanger functions as an evaporator and the second heat exchanger functions as a condenser. Control is performed so as to alternate between the operation modes. For this reason, since switching of an air path is unnecessary, the structure of the apparatus can be simplified, and a more compact and low-cost air conditioning apparatus can be obtained.
In the first operation mode in which the second heat exchanger functions as an evaporator, the refrigeration cycle is operated so that the second heat exchanger is higher than the dew point temperature. Does not adhere. Therefore, for example, it is possible to arrange the desiccant material and the first heat exchanger on the lower side of the second heat exchanger to form a substantially straight air path configuration, and thus the device structure is simplified. Therefore, a compact and low-cost air conditioner can be obtained.

It is a figure explaining the structure of the air conditioning apparatus which concerns on Embodiment 1. FIG. FIG. 6 is an air wetting diagram illustrating air state change in the first operation mode according to Embodiment 1. FIG. 6 is an air wetting diagram illustrating air state change in the second operation mode according to Embodiment 1. It is a figure which shows the structure of the air conditioning apparatus which concerns on Embodiment 2. FIG. 6 is a moisture adsorption characteristic diagram of a solid adsorbent used in a desiccant material according to Embodiment 2. FIG. It is a figure which shows the structure of the air conditioning apparatus which concerns on Embodiment 3. FIG.

  DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS Hereinafter, embodiments of an air conditioner according to the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. In each figure, the same or substantially the same configuration is denoted by the same reference numeral. Further, the present invention is not limited by the form of the drawings shown below.

Embodiment 1 FIG.
FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating the configuration of the air-conditioning apparatus according to Embodiment 1. The air conditioner 1 includes a vertically long casing 9. Inside the housing 9, a compressor 2, a four-way valve 3, which is a flow path switching device, a first heat exchanger 4, an expansion valve 5, which is a pressure reducing device, and a second heat exchanger 6, are provided. Are connected in an annular shape by a refrigerant pipe to constitute a refrigerant circuit 30. The air conditioner 1 according to the first embodiment is a so-called floor-standing type air conditioner that is placed on the floor of a room to be air-conditioned.

  In the housing 9, a drain pan 12 is disposed below the first heat exchanger 4. The drain pan 12 divides the space inside the housing 9 vertically, and the space above the drain pan 12 is referred to as the air passage chamber 10 and the space below the drain pan 12 is referred to as the machine chamber 11. A compressor 2 and a four-way valve 3 are disposed in the machine room 11, and a first heat exchanger 4, an expansion valve 5, and a second heat exchanger 6 are disposed in the air passage chamber 10. On the wall of the housing 9, there are formed a suction port 9 a for introducing air to be air-conditioned into the air passage chamber 10 and a blow-out port 9 b for discharging the air-conditioned air to the outside.

  The compressor 2 preferably has a variable operating capability. By doing so, the operating capability can be controlled in accordance with the load situation.

  The expansion valve 5 is an electronic expansion valve (the degree of opening is variable), and decompresses and expands the refrigerant passing therethrough.

  The four-way valve 3 is a device that switches the refrigerant flow path, and is provided in a pipe on the outlet side of the compressor 2. The four-way valve 3 is a direction in which the refrigerant discharged from the compressor 2 flows into the first heat exchanger 4 (direction indicated by a solid arrow in FIG. 1) or a direction into which the refrigerant flows into the second heat exchanger 6 (FIG. 1). The flow path of the refrigerant is switched so as to flow in the direction indicated by the broken arrow in FIG.

  When the four-way valve 3 switches the refrigerant flow path in the direction indicated by the solid line in FIG. 1, the refrigerant discharged from the compressor 2 is the four-way valve 3, the first heat exchanger 4, the expansion valve 5, and the second heat. A refrigeration cycle that flows in order through the exchanger 6 and the four-way valve 3 and returns to the compressor 2 is configured. In this configuration, the first heat exchanger 4 functions as a condenser (heat radiator), and the second heat exchanger 6 functions as an evaporator (cooler).

  On the other hand, when the four-way valve 3 switches the refrigerant flow path in the direction indicated by the broken line in FIG. 1, the refrigerant discharged from the compressor 2 is the four-way valve 3, the second heat exchanger 6, the expansion valve 5, and the first A refrigeration cycle is configured in which the heat exchanger 4 and the four-way valve 3 flow in order and return to the compressor 2. In this configuration, the second heat exchanger 6 functions as a condenser (heat radiator), and the first heat exchanger 4 functions as an evaporator (cooler).

For example, R410A is used as the refrigerant of the air conditioner 1. The refrigerant is not limited to R410A, and other HFC refrigerants, natural refrigerants such as HC refrigerants, HFO refrigerants, CO ₂ and NH ₃ can be applied. When a CO ₂ refrigerant is applied and the high pressure is higher than the critical pressure, the condenser operates as a radiator.

The first heat exchanger 4 and the second heat exchanger 6 are, for example, plate fin tube heat exchangers, and are configured to exchange heat between the refrigerant flowing in the heat transfer tubes and the air flowing around the fins.
The first heat exchanger 4 is disposed in the housing 9 in a state where the first heat exchanger 4 is inclined so as to cause a horizontal or height difference. The second heat exchanger 6 is disposed substantially parallel to the first heat exchanger 4.

  A desiccant block 7 disposed substantially parallel to the first heat exchanger 4 is provided above the first heat exchanger 4. The desiccant block 7 is formed by molding a desiccant material made of a material that adsorbs moisture in the air and desorbs (releases) the adsorbed moisture into a rectangular solid. The desiccant block 7 has a vent hole through which air can flow. As the desiccant material, for example, zeolite, silica gel, mesoporous silica, polymer adsorbent, and the like are applied.

  Inside the housing 9, a blower 8 is provided above the second heat exchanger 6.

Here, the arrangement of each part in the air passage 31 will be described.
First, in the air passage 31, the first heat exchanger 4, the desiccant block 7, and the second heat exchanger 6 are arranged in series in the height direction in order from the air flow upstream side. A blower 8 is installed further downstream of the air flow. When the arrangement of these members is seen in the height direction of the housing 9, the blower 8, the second heat exchanger 6, the desiccant rotor 7, and the first heat exchanger 4 are installed in this order from the top. An air inlet to the air passage 31 is a suction port 9 a provided in the housing 9, and an air outlet from the air passage 31 is an air outlet 9 b. In addition, the suction port 9a is located below at least a part of the first heat exchanger 4 so that a part of the air passage 31 extending from the suction port 9a to the first heat exchanger 4 is as straight as possible. It is desirable to have an opening.

  When the blower 8 is operated, air is sucked from the suction port 9a as shown by a white arrow in FIG. 1, and this air flows into the air passage 31. The air that has flowed into the air passage 31 flows in a substantially straight line via the first heat exchanger 4, the desiccant block 7, the second heat exchanger 6, and the blower 8, as shown by the white arrows in FIG. It flows out of the housing 9 from the air outlet 9b.

  The drain pan 12 provided on the lower side of the first heat exchanger 4 is a container for receiving drain water generated in the first heat exchanger 4 during operation. A drain hole (not shown) is opened in the drain pan 12. The drain water generated in the first heat exchanger 4 during operation enters the drain pan 12, and the drain water that enters the drain pan 12 passes through the drain hole. It is discharged out of the air conditioner 1.

  The air passage chamber 10 is provided with a temperature and humidity sensor 13 for measuring the temperature and humidity of the intake air of the air conditioner 1 (the temperature and humidity around the air conditioner 1).

  A control device 14 that controls the overall operation of the air conditioner 1 is provided in the air passage chamber 10 of the housing 9. The control apparatus 14 performs operation control of each part which comprises the air conditioning apparatus 1, such as control of the rotation speed of the air blower 8, control of the rotation speed of the compressor 2, and control of the opening degree of the expansion valve 5, so that the refrigeration cycle. To control the operation. Moreover, the control apparatus 14 performs switching control of the four-way valve 3 according to the detection signal of the temperature / humidity sensor 13 in the dehumidifying operation described later.

[Dehumidifying operation]
Next, the dehumidifying operation of the air conditioner 1 will be described. In the dehumidifying operation of the air-conditioning apparatus 1 according to Embodiment 1, two operation modes, the first operation mode and the second operation mode, are realized by switching the flow path of the four-way valve 3. Hereinafter, it demonstrates in order.

(First operation mode: Refrigeration cycle operation)
The first operation mode is performed in a state where the flow path is switched by the four-way valve 3 in the direction of the solid line in FIG.
The operation of the refrigeration cycle in the first operation mode is as follows.
A low-pressure gas is sucked by the compressor 2, and the sucked gas is compressed into a high-temperature and high-pressure gas and is discharged by the compressor 2. The refrigerant discharged from the compressor 2 flows into the first heat exchanger 4 through the four-way valve 3. The refrigerant that has flowed into the first heat exchanger 4 radiates heat to the air flowing through the air passage 31, and while the air is heated, the refrigerant itself is cooled and condensed to become a high-pressure liquid refrigerant from the first heat exchanger 4. leak. The liquid refrigerant that has flowed out of the first heat exchanger 4 is decompressed by the expansion valve 5 and becomes a low-pressure two-phase refrigerant. Thereafter, the refrigerant flows into the second heat exchanger 6, absorbs heat from the air flowing through the air passage 31, and the refrigerant itself is heated and evaporated while cooling the air to become low-pressure gas. Thereafter, the refrigerant is sucked into the compressor 2 through the four-way valve 3.

(First operation mode: air movement)
Next, the movement of air in the first operation mode will be described with reference to FIG.
FIG. 2 is an air wetting diagram illustrating air state change in the first operation mode according to the first embodiment. The vertical axis in FIG. 2 is the absolute humidity of the air, and the horizontal axis is the dry bulb temperature of the air. Moreover, the curve P of FIG. 2 shows saturated air, and the relative humidity in saturated air is 100%.

  Air around the air conditioner 1 (point A in FIG. 2) flows into the housing 9 of the air conditioner 1 by the operation of the blower 8 and passes through the air passage 31 to the first heat exchanger 4. Heated. The air heated by the first heat exchanger 4 increases in temperature and decreases in relative humidity (point B in FIG. 2).

  Thereafter, the air flows into the desiccant block 7, but since the relative humidity of the air is low, the moisture held in the desiccant block 7 is desorbed (desorbed), and the amount of moisture contained in the air increases. On the other hand, desorption heat accompanying desorption is deprived from the air that flows into the desiccant block 7, the temperature of the air is lowered, and the humidity is high (point C in FIG. 2).

  Thereafter, the air flows into the second heat exchanger 6 and is cooled by the refrigerant flowing through the second heat exchanger 6. The refrigerant circuit 30 is operated so that the refrigerant temperature in the second heat exchanger 6 is higher than the dew point of air. The air cooled by the second heat exchanger 6 is in a low temperature state (point D in FIG. 2).

  Thereafter, air flows into the blower 8 and is discharged from the air outlet 9b to the outside of the air conditioner 1.

(Second operation mode: refrigeration cycle operation)
The second operation mode is performed in a state where the flow path is switched by the four-way valve 3 in the direction of the broken line in FIG.
The operation of the refrigeration cycle in the second operation mode is as follows.
A low-pressure gas is sucked by the compressor 2, and the sucked gas is compressed into a high-temperature and high-pressure gas and is discharged by the compressor 2. The refrigerant discharged from the compressor 2 flows into the second heat exchanger 6 through the four-way valve 3. The refrigerant flowing into the second heat exchanger 6 dissipates heat to the air flowing through the air passage 31, and the refrigerant itself is cooled and condensed while heating the air, and becomes a high-pressure liquid refrigerant from the second heat exchanger 6. leak. The liquid refrigerant flowing out of the second heat exchanger 6 is decompressed by the expansion valve 5 and becomes a low-pressure two-phase refrigerant. Thereafter, the refrigerant flows into the first heat exchanger 4 and absorbs heat from the air flowing through the air passage 31, and while the air is cooled, the refrigerant itself is heated and evaporated to become a low-pressure gas. Thereafter, the refrigerant is sucked into the compressor 2 through the four-way valve 3.

(Second operation mode: air movement)
Next, the movement of air in the second operation mode will be described with reference to FIG.
FIG. 3 is an air wetting diagram illustrating air state changes in the second operation mode according to the first embodiment. The vertical axis in FIG. 3 is the absolute humidity of air, and the horizontal axis is the dry bulb temperature of air. Moreover, the curve P of FIG. 3 shows saturated air, and the relative humidity in saturated air is 100%.

  Air around the air conditioner 1 (point A in FIG. 3) flows into the housing 9 of the air conditioner 1 by the operation of the blower 8 and passes through the air passage 31 to the first heat exchanger 4. And cooled. The refrigerant circuit 30 is operated by the control device 14 so that the refrigerant temperature in the first heat exchanger 4 becomes a temperature equal to or lower than the dew point of air. The air flowing into the first heat exchanger 4 is cooled by the first heat exchanger 4, and moisture in the air condenses and adheres to the first heat exchanger 4. In this way, the air is dehumidified by the first heat exchanger 4 and is in a low temperature and high relative humidity state (point E in FIG. 3).

  Thereafter, the air flows into the desiccant block 7, but since the relative humidity of the air is high, moisture in the air is adsorbed to the desiccant block 7, and the amount of moisture contained in the air is reduced and further dehumidified. On the other hand, the air that has flowed into the desiccant block 7 is heated by the heat of adsorption accompanying the adsorption of moisture, and the temperature of the air rises to a high temperature and low humidity state (FIG. 3: point F).

  Thereafter, the air flows into the second heat exchanger 6 and is heated by the refrigerant flowing through the second heat exchanger 6, and reaches a high temperature (point G in FIG. 3).

  Thereafter, air flows into the blower 8 and is discharged from the air outlet 9b to the outside of the air conditioner 1.

  Thus, in the second operation mode, in addition to dehumidification due to cooling by the refrigerant in the first heat exchanger 4 (FIG. 3: difference in absolute humidity between point A and point E), dehumidification by adsorption of the desiccant block 7 (FIG. 3: Difference in absolute humidity between point E and point F) is also performed. Therefore, as apparent from a comparison between FIG. 2 and FIG. 3, the second operation mode can secure a larger amount of dehumidification than the first operation mode. In the air conditioner 1 of the first embodiment, the main dehumidification is performed in the second operation mode.

  And in the air conditioning apparatus 1 of this Embodiment 1, a 1st operation mode and a 2nd operation mode are repeated alternately. For example, when the second operation mode is continuously performed, the amount of water that can be contained in the desiccant block 7 has an upper limit, and therefore, when the operation is performed for a predetermined time, moisture is not adsorbed on the desiccant block 7 and the dehumidification amount is reduced. . Therefore, when the amount of moisture retained in the desiccant block 7 is close to the upper limit, the operation mode is switched to the first operation mode and the operation of releasing moisture from the desiccant block 7 is performed. By alternately performing the first operation mode and the second operation mode in this manner, the adsorbing action and the desorbing action of the desiccant block 7 are alternately generated, and the dehumidifying material increasing effect by the adsorbing and desorbing action of the desiccant material is maintained. To do.

  In a configuration using a conventional desiccant rotor, a motor for rotating the desiccant rotor, a fixing structure thereof, and the like are required, and the apparatus configuration is complicated. Further, it is necessary to divide the air path between the adsorption part and the desorption part, and a seal structure that hermetically separates the boundary part between the adsorption part and the desorption part is necessary. On the other hand, in the first embodiment, there is one air passage 31 and the adsorption and desorption of moisture of the desiccant block 7 can be switched by switching the four-way valve 3, so that the air air passage is more than conventional. The structure is simple. Further, a seal structure for ensuring airtightness between the plurality of air passages is not necessary. Thus, according to this Embodiment 1, the apparatus structure of the air conditioning apparatus 1 can be simplified and cost reduction can be achieved.

  Moreover, in this Embodiment 1, the 1st heat exchanger 4, the desiccant block 7, and the 2nd heat exchanger 6 are installed in the height direction in the air path 31 of the housing | casing 9 of the floor-standing type air conditioning apparatus 1. FIG. Are arranged substantially in series, and a suction port 9 a is provided below at least a part of the first heat exchanger 4 of the housing 9 and a blower outlet 9 b is provided above the second heat exchanger 6. For this reason, the air flowing into the air passage 31 from the suction port 9a flows through the first heat exchanger 4, the desiccant block 7 and the second heat exchanger 6 in a substantially straight line, so that the pressure due to the bending of the flow path Increase in loss can be suppressed.

Moreover, the drain water adhering to the 1st heat exchanger 4 tends to slide down from the 1st heat exchanger 4 by inclining and providing the 1st heat exchanger 4 so that a height difference may arise. For this reason, it can suppress that drain water is hold | maintained in the 1st heat exchanger 4 for a long time.
Note that the surface of the fins of the first heat exchanger 4 may be subjected to water repellent finishing. If it does in this way, the sliding property of the water | moisture content in the surface of the fin of the 1st heat exchanger 4 can be improved. In particular, when the first heat exchanger 4 is provided horizontally, it is possible to prevent moisture from being retained between the fins of the first heat exchanger 4 by applying a water repellent process to the surface of the fin. it can.
If the moisture (condensation water) adhering to the fins of the first heat exchanger 4 in the second operation mode in which the first heat exchanger 4 functions as an evaporator is kept in the fins, When the mode is shifted to the one operation mode, the moisture held in the first heat exchanger 4 (condenser) may evaporate and the air may be humidified. However, by adopting the above-described configuration to improve the sliding property of the moisture attached to the fins of the first heat exchanger 4, the air is humidified when the first heat exchanger 4 functions as a condenser. Can be suppressed.

  In the first operation mode in which the second heat exchanger 6 functions as an evaporator, the refrigeration cycle is operated so that the refrigerant temperature in the second heat exchanger 6 is higher than the dew point temperature. Condensed water does not adhere to the exchanger 6. For this reason, it is not necessary to provide a drain pan below the second heat exchanger 6, and in the first embodiment, the desiccant block 7 and the first heat exchanger 4 are disposed below the second heat exchanger 6. Is possible. Thus, since it can be set as the substantially linear air path structure from the 1st heat exchanger 4 to the 2nd heat exchanger 6 through the desiccant block 7, a structure can be simplified and it can be made more compact. A low-cost air conditioner 1 can be obtained.

  Further, in the second operation mode of the first embodiment, dehumidification by the first heat exchanger 4 and dehumidification by the desiccant block 7 are performed on the conveyed air. Here, in the case of dehumidification only in the refrigeration cycle (dehumidification only in the first heat exchanger 4), when the temperature of the conveyed air is about 10 ° C. or less, the first heat exchanger 4 is frosted, Frequent defrosting was necessary, and there was a problem that the dehumidifying ability was extremely reduced. However, since the dehumidification by the desiccant block 7 is also performed in the first embodiment, even when the temperature of the air being conveyed is about 10 ° C. or less, the dehumidifying action by the desiccant block 7 causes the desorption to the first heat exchanger 4. Frost is suppressed and defrosting operation can be reduced. Therefore, an increase in energy consumption associated with the defrosting operation can be suppressed, and a decrease in the conventional extreme dehumidification capability associated with the defrosting operation can be suppressed.

  Further, in the case where dehumidification is performed only by the refrigeration cycle, it was the limit to obtain a relative humidity of about 40%. However, in the first embodiment, air is heated by the second heat exchanger 6, so that the air The blown air of the harmony device 1 is in a state where the amount of moisture is low at a high temperature (see FIG. 3: point G), and the relative humidity can be set to a low value of, for example, 20% or less. Such air with a low relative humidity is suitable for drying applications, and if such air is directly applied to an object to be dried such as laundry, drying of the object to be dried can be promoted. Higher performance drying function can be realized.

  Each operation time in the first operation mode and the second operation mode may be a predetermined time, but each operation time in each operation mode depends on the air condition and the operation state of the air conditioner 1. There is an appropriate value. Therefore, the operation time of each operation mode may be determined based on the air condition and the operation state of the air conditioner 1 so that the operation can be performed with the appropriate value.

  In the first operation mode, an appropriate amount of moisture is released from the desiccant block 7, and the time required for the amount of moisture remaining in the desiccant block 7 to be an appropriate amount is an appropriate value for the operation time. The reason is that when the first operation mode is finished and the second operation mode is switched to the desiccant block 7 in a state in which the amount of water remains in an appropriate amount, the amount of water adsorbed on the desiccant block 7 in the second operation mode is reduced. This is because the amount of dehumidification in the second operation mode is reduced. On the other hand, if the first operation mode is too long, the state in which moisture can hardly be desorbed from the desiccant block 7 in the latter half of the first operation mode will continue, and a higher dehumidification amount than in the first operation mode will be realized. This is because switching to the two-operation mode is delayed, and in this case also, the total dehumidification amount is reduced.

  In the second operation mode, moisture is adsorbed on the desiccant block 7, so the time for which the amount of adsorbed moisture on the desiccant block 7 is an appropriate amount is an appropriate value for the operation time. This is because when there is room for adsorption by the desiccant block 7, when the operation is switched to the first operation mode, the operation time of the second operation mode that can secure a higher dehumidification amount than the first operation mode. This is because the amount of dehumidification is shortened when viewed in total. Conversely, if the second operation mode is too long, the desiccant block 7 will not be able to adsorb moisture in the second half of the second operation mode, and the dehumidification amount is reduced in this case as well. .

  In addition, the change in the amount of moisture retained in the desiccant block 7 is determined by the relative humidity of the air flowing into the desiccant block 7. When air with a high relative humidity flows in, the moisture in the desiccant block 7 is difficult to be released, and conversely the moisture The amount of adsorption increases. Further, when air having a low relative humidity flows into the desiccant block 7, moisture in the desiccant block 7 is easily released, and conversely, the moisture adsorption amount decreases.

  Therefore, when the operation times of the first operation mode and the second operation mode are variably controlled, the relative humidity of the intake air is obtained from the state (temperature / humidity) of the intake air obtained by the temperature / humidity sensor 13, and the relative The operation time of each operation mode is determined according to the humidity. More specifically, a relative humidity (hereinafter referred to as a reference relative humidity) serving as a reference for the intake air is determined in advance, and a high dehumidification amount is ensured when the intake air having the reference relative humidity passes through the air passage 31. The reference operation time of each operation mode that can be obtained is obtained in advance by experiments or simulations. And during operation, according to the magnitude relationship between the relative relative humidity of the actual intake air obtained based on the detection result of the temperature and humidity sensor 13 and the reference relative humidity, the reference operation time of each operation mode is appropriately increased or decreased, Determine the operation time of the operation mode.

Here, when the relative humidity calculated based on the temperature and humidity of the intake air obtained by the temperature and humidity sensor 13 is higher than the preset reference relative humidity, the amount of moisture released from the desiccant block 7 in the first operation mode. Is less than the amount of water released when the relative humidity is the reference relative humidity. Further, the moisture adsorption amount of the desiccant block 7 in the second operation mode is larger than the moisture adsorption amount when the relative humidity is the reference relative humidity.
Therefore, the actual relative humidity of the intake air is obtained from the state of the intake air obtained by the temperature / humidity sensor 13 when the dehumidifying operation is started. If the actual relative humidity of the intake air is higher than the reference relative humidity, the operation time in the first operation mode is longer than the reference operation time corresponding to the first operation mode, and conversely, the operation time in the second operation mode is Make it shorter than the standard operation time for the second operation mode. On the other hand, if the actual relative humidity of the intake air is lower than the reference relative humidity, the operation time in the first operation mode is made shorter than the reference operation time corresponding to the first operation mode time, and conversely the operation in the second operation mode time Make the time longer than the standard operation time corresponding to the second operation mode. By doing in this way, in the dehumidification operation | movement, the adsorption | suction and desorption of the water | moisture content in the desiccant block 7 can be performed efficiently according to the state of the air around the air conditioning apparatus 1.

Embodiment 2. FIG.
In the second embodiment, a desiccant block attaching / detaching structure will be described. In the second embodiment, the difference from the first embodiment will be mainly described. Further, the second embodiment can be combined with the third embodiment described later.

FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of the air-conditioning apparatus according to Embodiment 2.
As shown in FIG. 4, an inspection window 9 c is provided on the wall of the housing 9. The inspection window 9 c opens on the wall of the housing 9 at a position and size that allows the desiccant block 7, the first heat exchanger 4, and the second heat exchanger 6 to be inspected from the outside of the housing 9. In addition, a removable window plate 9d is attached to the inspection window 9c. When the user removes the window plate 9d, the user can inspect the desiccant block 7, the first heat exchanger 4, and the second heat exchanger 6, and can take out the desiccant block 7 from the inside of the housing 9 for maintenance. Easy.

  Further, the desiccant block 7 a is attached to the desiccant block 7. The desiccant block tote 7a is provided at a position where the user can grasp the desiccant block tote 7a by putting his hand through the inspection window 9c in a state where the desiccant block 7 is mounted in the housing 9. Therefore, the user can easily replace the desiccant block 7.

  FIG. 5 is a moisture adsorption characteristic diagram of the solid adsorbent used for the desiccant material according to the second embodiment. In FIG. 5, the horizontal axis represents the relative humidity, and the vertical axis represents the adsorption characteristics of the desiccant material indicating the equilibrium adsorption rate. Moreover, the code | symbol L of FIG. 5 is a silica gel or a zeolite. The symbol M in FIG. 5 indicates the equilibrium of moisture with respect to relative humidity when the slope, which is the rate of change of the equilibrium adsorption rate of moisture with respect to relative humidity in the range of about 30% to 40% relative humidity, is less than 30% or over 40%. It is a porous silicon material that is a solid adsorbent that is larger than the rate of change of the adsorption rate. This porous silicon material is a material in which a large number of pores of about 1.5 nm are formed (mesoporous silica). Reference numeral N in FIG. 5 is a polymer-based adsorbent, which has a markedly high equilibrium adsorption rate where the relative humidity is high.

  The desiccant material of the desiccant block 7 may be any one of the symbols L, M, and N in FIG. 5, but the desiccant materials with the symbols M and N in FIG. 5 are more preferable than the L desiccant material. This is because the relative humidity of the air for desorbing moisture from the desiccant materials of reference numerals M and N in FIG. 5 is higher than the relative humidity of the air for desorbing moisture from the desiccant material of reference numeral L in FIG. It is because it may be. That is, moisture is desorbed from the desiccant materials indicated by reference numerals M and N in FIG. 5 by air having a higher relative humidity than the desiccant material indicated by reference characters L in FIG. For this reason, when the first heat exchanger 4 functions as a condenser in the first operation mode, moisture of the desiccant block 7 can be desorbed by the blown air passing through the air passage 31.

  In addition, although the desiccant material of the code | symbol L of FIG. 5 can also desorb | suck the water | moisture content of the desiccant block 7 with the blowing air from the 1st heat exchanger 4, depending on the case, the water | moisture content for desorbing a desiccant block 7 An auxiliary heater (not shown) is required. For this reason, when using the desiccant material of the code | symbol L of FIG. 5 for the desiccant block 7, it is good to provide the auxiliary heater which heats the desiccant block 7, and to heat the desiccant block 7 with an auxiliary heater in a 1st operation mode. Further, heating by the auxiliary heater may be performed only when the relative humidity of the air obtained based on the detection value of the temperature / humidity sensor 13 is higher than a predetermined value.

Embodiment 3 FIG.
In the first embodiment described above, a floor-standing type air conditioner has been described. In the third embodiment, a configuration example of an air conditioner installed on a wall or ceiling of a room to be air-conditioned will be described. In the third embodiment, the difference from the first embodiment will be mainly described.

  FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of an air-conditioning apparatus according to Embodiment 3. 1 A of air conditioning apparatuses of this Embodiment 3 are provided with a ceiling-suspended housing 20 installed on the ceiling or the like of the air conditioning target space, and a machine room unit 25 installed on the floor or outdoor of the air conditioning target space. The ceiling-suspended casing 20 is formed with a suction port 20a for introducing air to be air-conditioned into the interior of the ceiling-suspended casing 20, and an outlet 20b for discharging the air-conditioned air to the outside. . A space inside the ceiling-suspended housing 20 is referred to as an air passage chamber 21. A first heat exchanger 4A, an expansion valve 5 that is a pressure reducing device, and a second heat exchanger 6A are provided in the air passage chamber 21 of the ceiling-suspended casing 20. Further, a compressor 2 and a four-way valve 3 which is a flow path switching device are installed in the casing of the machine room unit 25. The compressor 2, the four-way valve 3, the first heat exchanger 4 </ b> A, the expansion valve 5, and the second heat exchanger 6 </ b> A are connected in a ring shape with a refrigerant pipe to constitute a refrigerant circuit 40.

  The four-way valve 3 is a device that switches the flow path of the refrigerant, and switches the flow path so that the refrigerant flows in the solid line direction or the broken line direction shown in FIG.

  When the four-way valve 3 switches the refrigerant flow path in the direction indicated by the solid line in FIG. 6, the refrigerant discharged from the compressor 2 is the four-way valve 3, the first heat exchanger 4 </ b> A, the expansion valve 5, and the second heat. A refrigeration cycle is configured in which the exchanger 6A and the four-way valve 3 are returned to the compressor 2 in order. In this configuration, the first heat exchanger 4A functions as a condenser (heat radiator), and the second heat exchanger 6A functions as an evaporator (cooler).

  On the other hand, when the four-way valve 3 switches the refrigerant flow path in the direction indicated by the broken line in FIG. 6, the refrigerant discharged from the compressor 2 is the compressor 2, the four-way valve 3, the second heat exchanger 6A, the expansion valve. 5, the refrigeration cycle which flows in order through the first heat exchanger 4A and the four-way valve 3 and returns to the compressor 2 is configured. In this configuration, the second heat exchanger 6A functions as a condenser (heat radiator), and the first heat exchanger 4A functions as an evaporator (cooler).

  4 A of 1st heat exchangers are arrange | positioned in the ceiling-suspended housing | casing 20 in the state inclined diagonally so that a height difference may appear. The second heat exchanger 6A is disposed substantially parallel to the first heat exchanger 4A. In the air flow direction, the first heat exchanger 4A is located upstream of the second heat exchanger 6A.

  A drain pan 22 that receives drain water generated in the first heat exchanger 4A and the second heat exchanger 6A is disposed below the first heat exchanger 4A of the ceiling-suspended housing 20. A drain hole (not shown) is opened in the drain pan 22, and the drain water that has entered the drain pan 22 is discharged out of the ceiling-suspended housing 20 through the drain hole.

  The drain pan 22 is attached to an opening 20c provided on the bottom plate of the ceiling-suspended housing 20 so as to be rotatable in the vertical direction. The drain pan 22 normally closes the opening 20c so that the surface that receives water is substantially horizontal. However, when performing maintenance and inspection, the user moves the drain pan 22 so that the ceiling-suspended casing 20 is moved. The opening 20c of the bottom plate is opened, and the first heat exchanger 4A, the desiccant block 7, and the second heat exchanger 6A can be exposed. The user can check the first heat exchanger 4A, the desiccant block 7, and the second heat exchanger 6A when the drain pan 22 is moved to open the opening 20c of the bottom plate of the ceiling-suspended housing 20. . Further, the desiccant block 7 can be attached to and detached from the ceiling-suspended housing 20, and the user can replace the desiccant block 7 by opening the opening 20c. Thus, the opening 20c of the ceiling-suspended housing 20 of the third embodiment functions as an inspection window through which the desiccant block 7 can be taken in and out.

  In the third embodiment, the configuration example in which the drain pan 22 is rotatably supported by the ceiling hanging housing 20 has been described. However, if the opening 20c can be opened and closed by the drain pan 22, the drain pan 22 is Arbitrary configurations such as a configuration in which the drain pan 22 is slidably supported and a configuration in which the drain pan 22 is detachably locked can be adopted. Moreover, in this Embodiment 3, although the structural example which opens and closes the opening part 20c for attaching / detaching the desiccant block 7 in the ceiling suspension housing | casing 20 with the drain pan 22 was shown, the function of the door which opens and closes the opening part 20c is shown. Another member may be provided.

  A blower 8 is provided inside the air passage chamber 21 of the ceiling-suspended housing 20. The blower 8 is installed in an air passage 41 extending from the suction port 20a to the blower outlet 20b.

  Here, the arrangement of each part in the air passage chamber 21 and the air passage 41 will be further described. First, in the air passage 41, the first heat exchanger 4A, the desiccant block 7, and the second heat exchanger 6 are arranged in series in order from the air flow upstream side, and these further downstream sides. In addition, a blower 8 is installed. The air inlet to the air passage 41 is a suction port 20a provided in the ceiling-suspended housing 20, and the air outlet from the air passage 41 is an air outlet 20b. In the third embodiment, the suction port 20a is opened below the wall constituting the outer casing 20 and the blower outlet 20b is located above the wall facing the wall on which the suction port 20a is formed. Is open. Accordingly, an air flow is formed in the air passage chamber 21 so as to extend in a substantially straight line from the suction port 20a toward the upper side and reach the air outlet 20b. In addition, the suction port 20a is below the at least part of the first heat exchanger 4A so that a part of the air passage 41 extending from the suction port 20a to the first heat exchanger 4A is as straight as possible. It is desirable to have an opening.

  When the blower 8 is operated, air is sucked from the suction port 20a as shown by a white arrow in FIG. 6, and this air flows into the air passage 41. The air that has flowed into the air passage 41 flows in a substantially straight line so as to pass through the first heat exchanger 4A, the desiccant block 7, the second heat exchanger 6A, and the blower 8, and as indicated by white arrows in FIG. To the outside of the ceiling-suspended housing 20 from the air outlet 20b.

The air passage chamber 21 is provided with a temperature and humidity sensor 13 for measuring the temperature and humidity of the intake air of the air conditioner 1A (the temperature and humidity around the air conditioner 1).
Although not shown, the control device 14 is installed in the ceiling housing 20 or the machine room unit 25.

  The dehumidifying operation of the air-conditioning apparatus 1A of the third embodiment performs two operation modes of the first operation mode and the second operation mode alternately as in the first embodiment, and is the same as in the first embodiment. The effect of this can be obtained.

  In the third embodiment, the members constituting the refrigeration cycle are housed in a machine room unit 25 provided separately from the compressor 2, the four-way valve 3, and the ceiling suspension housing 20. This takes into consideration that it may be difficult to install the compressor 2 having a large mass and heavy on the ceiling-suspended housing 20 installed on the ceiling or wall. However, the compressor 2 and the four-way valve 3 can be housed in the ceiling-suspended housing 20, and similar effects can be obtained even in this way.

  DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Air conditioning apparatus, 1A air conditioning apparatus, 2 compressor, 3 four-way valve, 4 1st heat exchanger, 4A 1st heat exchanger, 5 expansion valve, 6 2nd heat exchanger, 6A 2nd heat exchanger, 7 Desiccant block, 7a Desiccant block tote, 8 Blower, 9 Housing, 9a Suction port, 9b Air outlet, 9c Inspection window, 9d Window plate, 10 Air channel room, 11 Machine room, 12 Drain pan, 13 Temperature / humidity sensor, 14 Control device, 20 ceiling-suspended housing, 20a suction port, 20b outlet, 20c opening, 21 air channel chamber, 22 drain pan, 25 machine room unit, 30 refrigerant circuit, 31 air channel, 40 refrigerant circuit, 41 air channel.

Claims (7)

A refrigeration cycle in which a compressor, a flow path switching device, a first heat exchanger, a decompression device, and a second heat exchanger are sequentially connected by refrigerant piping;
A housing having a suction passage and an air outlet, and having an air passage connecting the air inlet and the air outlet inside,
A blower for sucking air outside the housing from the suction port into the air path;
A desiccant material provided in the air passage,
In the air passage, in order from the upstream side of the air flow, in parallel with the first heat exchanger, the desiccant material, and the first heat exchanger in a state of being inclined in a horizontal state or a height difference. The second heat exchanger arranged is provided,
The refrigeration cycle is in a dehumidifying operation,
A first operation mode in which the first heat exchanger functions as a condenser and the second heat exchanger functions as an evaporator having a temperature higher than a dew point;
The air conditioner is controlled to alternately perform a second operation mode in which the first heat exchanger functions as an evaporator and the second heat exchanger functions as a condenser. The desiccant material is detachably installed,
The air conditioner according to claim 1, wherein the casing is provided with an inspection window through which the desiccant material can be taken in and out. The air conditioner according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the first heat exchanger, the desiccant material, and the second heat exchanger are arranged side by side in a height direction. The air inlet apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the suction port is opened below at least a part of the first heat exchanger. Provided on the lower side of the first heat exchanger, comprising a drain pan that divides the inside of the housing into an air passage chamber in which the air passage is formed and a machine chamber;
The air conditioner according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the compressor and the flow path switching device are arranged in the machine room. A machine room housing provided separately from the housing,
The air conditioner according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the compressor and the flow path switching device are arranged in the machine room casing. A temperature / humidity sensor that detects the temperature / humidity of the suction air sucked into the suction port,
The higher the relative humidity of the intake air obtained from the detection value of the temperature and humidity sensor is, the longer the reference operation time is in the first operation mode and the second operation mode. Make the operation time shorter than the standard operation time,
As the relative humidity is lower than the reference relative humidity, the operation time of the first operation mode is made shorter than the reference operation time and the operation time of the second operation mode is made longer than the reference operation time. The air conditioning apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 6.

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