JP2013199767A - Structural material having resin membrane and resin structural rib, and building method - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a building structure having a reduced gross weight of a building as the most fundamental load for reducing damage caused by earthquake force, while conventional building structural materials generally have a large specific gravity and the conventional thickness range of heat insulators creates a large difference in the break-even point due to fluctuation in the initial cost and the running cost resulting from oil price situation in recent years.SOLUTION: As means for producing various light-weight structures having different internal density like animal bones, the surface processing of various light-weight base materials such as heat insulators are performed to make a light-weight structural component, using a resin structural membrane such as FRP and resin structural ribs in a lattice form intersecting at 90 degrees or 60 degrees so as to be integrated into the structural membrane. The light-weight structural component constitutes a large panel with finishing construction for use in each of the roof, the wall, and the floor of a building. Assembling, demolition and recycling are thus effectively performed, achieving reduction in cost and energy saving. The earthquake damage is reduced due to the light weight of the produced building.

Description

It relates to structural materials of architecture.

Architectural and civil engineering plans are planned so that they can withstand some loads that are constantly applied. The building load is the weight of the whole thing integrated with the building such as the building body, interior materials, sanitary facilities, and electrical facilities, the load of people, furniture, etc. depending on the use of the building, snow and wind It is roughly classified into external loads such as earthquake shaking. Among them, the seismic force (hereinafter referred to as seismic force), which is the load caused by the earthquake, is precisely defined and calculated according to the weight of the building as a whole, the shape, the height from the ground, and the number of floors (number of layers). . The effects of wind and the weight of snow are also defined for each region. And while confirming the effect of those loads, it is supported to the ground with various properties. The above is a rough architectural structure plan.

In the building structure, the weight of the building is the most basic load. If the total weight of the building can be reduced, the damage caused by the earthquake including the foundation will be reduced. However, building materials have strong physical properties and shapes in a certain direction, such as high-density materials such as reinforced concrete and steel frames, and light-weight materials such as lightweight steel frames including wood and LGS. In addition, outer wall materials and interior materials that reduce the influence of fire and the like are generally heavy in specific gravity.

In addition, due to the recent petroleum situation and the future of general-purpose energy, it is necessary to aim for further energy saving of buildings. In accordance with the gist, a member that mainly contributes to energy saving of a building is a heat insulating material. Much of its thermal insulation performance depends on the thickness of the thermal insulation. In general, there is a separate structure of the building, and the dense structure tends to be a cold bridge, so carefully cover the structure and others with a heat insulating layer while ensuring the thickness of the heat insulating material, so that condensation, temperature difference, etc. It is required to create an indoor space that does not cause any problems.

In the conventional construction method, there is a space for maintaining the building, not the original purpose of the building. Especially in wooden buildings, it is the space under the floor, the space behind the hut, and the ventilation layer on the outer wall. These are trees that prevent rotting, prevent condensation in the attic, and post-treatment after wall condensation occurs. It is not a good space for me. Many of these spaces for maintenance are measures for solving the phenomenon caused by temperature changes between the inside and outside. However, if these phenomena can be eliminated, a better environment can be provided, and man-hours, processes and costs related to these can be reduced.

There is also a need to improve the habitability, cost, construction speed, etc. of temporary housing for relief of natural disasters and other victims. Since the general housing construction process is complicated, the temporary housing is a method of omitting them, but the required indoor environment should be the same. Even in temporary housing in an emergency, a construction method that can be commonly used in permanent buildings is necessary. In addition, there are problems such as building demolition process and recycling of demolition materials.

In the skeleton composed of bones, joints, and tendons that are animal structures, the bones that are the main struts have a high density in the surface layer, and the density decreases toward the inside. Bone is an ideal structure that satisfies its strength and exercise efficiency and has achieved weight reduction in the process of evolution. In comparison, whether the current construction or civil engineering structure is concrete or wooden, the material density of the structural member itself is constant from the surface to the interior. In particular, a deformed central shaft portion such as a beam that is a structural portion that is not a compressed material may be further hollowed and lightened. This proposal provides some structural materials that have a density change that has not been discussed as structural materials, or other materials that have not been used as structural materials, as lightweight and efficient structural members.

This proposal provides a structural material that is surface-treated with a resin structure film such as FRP and a lattice-shaped resin structure rib that intersects with the structure film at 90 degrees or 60 degrees. As a representative example, we will provide an architectural structure that has a panel made of an FRP film and a structural rib that is continuously linked to the surface of an extremely thick extruded polystyrene.

Furthermore, to reduce the weight, the internal density is changed, and a structure composed of various materials including recycled materials, and a lightweight surface finish that satisfies various building conditions such as fire prevention and weather resistance. Make an integrated large panel. This panel is broadly divided and made to satisfy the required strength and various building conditions such as roof, wall, intermediate floor, bottom floor, and other structural reinforcement parts. These are also provided with wiring for electrical equipment, through-hole reinforcement for hygiene and ventilation equipment, or reinforcement for openings such as windows and doors, thereby contributing to shortening the construction period.

It also provides a plan to reduce the weight of the most commonly used concrete method.

In general, lightweight and uniform building materials such as foam polystyrene, foam urethane, and foam phenol have been used as heat insulating materials effective for energy saving in the building field. Its thickness is about 10cm at most. However, considering the future of the energy situation and the recent oil situation, there is a big difference in the break-even point between the energy-saving construction cost and the building environment maintenance cost, depending on the thickness. This tendency is stronger as it gets colder. This representative structure example can satisfy higher energy saving requirements.

The structural material of the present plan inevitably has a larger cross section because it has a lower specific gravity and lower compressive strength than conventional structural materials such as concrete and iron. If it is a normal building, a large cross section is disadvantageous in terms of usage, but it is not disadvantageous from the viewpoint of securing the indoor environment. Many of the building materials used as lightweight materials are, for example, foam polystyrene and the like, which are general heat insulating materials for building use or have a lot of performance, and their purpose is to obtain a good indoor environment. Because it is. Rather, both in the normal case and in terms of energy policy, it is required to increase the thickness of the heat insulating material, so there is a merit even if the heat insulating material is made thick until it becomes a structure.

Since this plan greatly reduces the total weight of the building, it can reduce the seismic force that is closely related to the weight of the building, and the damage caused by it will be reduced. In addition, the structural panel of this proposal is more elastic than conventional structural materials, and the wall panel that receives compressive force, etc., bears the entire cross section evenly, or the tensile force is shared by the surface. In addition, because of its diffusive nature, there is little stress concentration on the structural member due to the influence of seismic force, and since it is elastic, it also follows displacement and has a low degree of failure. These things contribute to the reduction of earthquake damage.

Being lighter than the conventional building weight can also simplify the foundation structure that supports it. This also reduces the impact of the ground liquefaction phenomenon that occurs in the event of an earthquake. make it easier.

Since the panel structure of the present plan is lightweight, it is possible to integrate the processes from the conventional panel-type housing to the enlargement of the panel itself, the advance setting of facilities, etc. and the finishing of the cosmetics. As a result, the steps at the construction site are omitted, the number of construction steps or personnel can be reduced, and the construction time can be reduced or the cost can be reduced.

This plan eliminates the need for underfloor spaces, spaces such as mid-floor ceilings and attics, and outer wall ventilation layers. In general, these spaces are used to maintain buildings, but the proposed structure that uses thermal insulation as a structure does not corrode and has extremely high moisture resistance, so there is no moisture permeability. Therefore, neither the back space nor the outer wall ventilation layer is required.

The simplification of the building panel process and the weight reduction of construction members in this proposal are to improve the ease of transportation, the speed of construction, the improvement of indoor space, and the dismantling of temporary housing required in the event of an emergency such as a disaster. It can also contribute to ease and reuse of construction materials. The wall panel can also be used for a member of a conventional temporary housing system composed of lightweight steel columns and braces.

The building structure panel in this proposal can reinforce a free three-dimensional shape. After using a computer-controlled machine tool capable of cutting in three dimensions, or by applying surface treatment and structural reinforcement to the structure such as foamed polystyrene, the building structure has a versatile and free shape. And design are possible.

In the case of the conventional construction method, since all rigid joints are work inside the structural members, work is required in advance, but in the case of this representative structural example, after assembling, the joints between adjacent structural members Rigid joining is possible only by surface processing in the vicinity.

Moreover, the structural panel of this proposal has a simple material structure because the surface of the base material is processed unlike the conventional architectural specification. For example, in cold districts, the number of structural processes from the outer wall to the inner wall finish, or the number of superimposed layers ranges from 9 to 11. This process and layer can be reduced to 1-3. This not only provides convenience during construction, but also facilitates disposal and recycling during dismantling.

The resin structure of this proposal can also be applied to concrete. If the concrete form itself is made of a resin structure film such as FRP, and the resin structure ribs that cross the 90 or 60 degrees that are integrated with the structure film are applied, and if the remaining formwork is to be placed after placement, then the reinforcing bar construction This is greatly reduced. In that case, since the cover thickness of the reinforcing bars is not required, the total amount related to the concrete work can be reduced. It can also be used to repair concrete structures.

Surface processing perspective view Perspective view of structural membrane and structural ribs House cross section model Architectural model perspective view Free-form structure model diagram Perspective view of assembly structure member example Schematic diagram of compressive force and tensile force Schematic diagram with different material configurations depending on compressive and tensile forces Example adopted for a conventional temporary housing Cross section of kneaded material-wood flour example Cross section of corrugated laminated structure-Examples of corrugated cardboard, steel plate, polycarbonate resin plate Cross section of laminated honeycomb structure Cross-sectional view of filling material with coarsely mixed particles from the surface-Example of using styrene beads Cross-sectional view of foamed resin material with foam density changed gradually Cross-sectional view of different material laminated hollow structure-Examples of various materials Cross-sectional view of a material whose surface is reinforced with resin and has structural ribs Cross section of example used for concrete formwork Elevation of example used for concrete formwork Perspective view of concrete repair tool Perspective view of tools for rigid joining of lightweight panels etc. on site

The feature of this proposal is that the specific gravity of the base material becomes lighter in steps as it goes from the surface to the internal direction or to the tensile force side, from the point of obtaining a light material. Inevitably, the density, the thickness of the base material, and the position where the stress is borne influences the strength of each plate closely.
As an example, the schematic diagram of FIG. 7 is a beam of uniform material with a square cross section. When the dead weight is ignored, this central axis is made of the same material in the upper and lower sides, and therefore coincides with the center of gravity, which is the central axis of the strength of the member cross section, and the deformation axis. W in the figure is a variable caused by the load. When the load from the top is applied to a floor or beam of the same strength in the upper and lower sides, it is balanced by a compressive force of 1.0 W generated on the upper surface of the material and a tensile force of 1.0 W generated on the lower surface. If the distance from the central axis is twice as long as there is a resistance surface against the load on both the top and bottom, it will be entangled at 0.5W. Thus, the required material strength greatly depends on the distance from the structure central axis.

  As a further example, FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram in which the structural material responding to the compressive force and the tensile force is changed. If the upper surface is made of a material with a strong compressive force, and the lower surface is made of a tensile force and the upward compressive force is 1.0, it is constructed as a simple beam with a material having a strength of 0.5. In this case, the central axis of strength, that is, the deformation axis of the entire beam moves upward and balances. Even if the same thing is used, the effect differs depending on the position where it is used. For this reason, the structural material does not necessarily have to be made of a uniform material such as wood, concrete, or steel frame.

In areas where only tensile force is generated, materials that are strong in tension, such as lightweight resin films, films, and reinforced fibers such as carbon fibers and aramid fibers, are used. Use a general structural member such as plywood with high compressive stress for the part that requires strength as such a surface, and more as a spacer material that maintains the distance from the deformation axis between the members that bear compression and tensile force. By using a light structure or material, each structural member becomes light.

As a representative example of the present plan, FIG. 1 is a diagram that uses a low-density material as a base material to obtain a structure that is denser as a bone and becomes lighter toward the inside. A plurality of parallel grooves 1a, 1b, 1c, etc. are made from the surface of extruded foamed polystyrene, etc., which is the structural substrate of 1. The groove is produced by extrusion or by a mold in the foaming process, by a three-dimensional machine tool such as NC, or by saw blade cutting shown in FIG.

The structural thickness required for structural foam such as extruded polystyrene, which is a structural base material, and the dimensions of the parts for dimensional stability are larger than normal structural materials due to the low base strength, which is disadvantageous in conventional architectural plans for applications. There is, however, an advantage when it meets the requirements for heat insulation, which is an essential requirement for energy saving.

When it is used in actual construction, it is a fixed stone that complies with the standard law and performs structural calculations to determine the specifications. However, as a way of thinking that a light-weight material that is generally used only for heat insulation can be a structure, a simple comparison of physical properties is made between a wooden structure and a representative example of the present plan.

Regarding compressive strength, the compressive strength in the direction of conifer fiber is 27 N / mm 2, whereas the compression strength of general extruded polystyrene foam is 0.2 N / mm 2, and the compressive strength is only 1/135 of wood. As a general model, in a wooden house, pillars with 105mm x 105mm and 11025mm2 cross-sectional area are placed inside the wall and bear the upper load with 910mm spacing. Replacing the load bearing situation with the building structure panel of this representative structure plan, it becomes a wall with a wall thickness of 250 mm × wall length of 910 mm, a cross-sectional area of 227500 mm2, the load resistance is 297675N for wood, 45500N for this plan, and still as compressive strength Is 1 / 6.5. However, the structural column in the normal state does not always receive a load of 100% of the material yield strength, and is often less than half. These are also achieved by careful load distribution planning.

In addition, commercially available extruded polystyrene products have a compression strength difference of 17 times, ranging from 0.2 N / mm2 to 3.4 N / mm2 for general heat insulation materials. The selection that suits the design may be made. It is also possible to insert a reinforcing structural material. Furthermore, at the panel design stage, if the structure film and the rib are designed to bear a compressive force, the performance as a structural material is obtained.

In terms of building weight, general wooden buildings require outer wall materials, interior materials, heat insulating materials, and other structural materials, whereas this representative structure plan mainly constitutes walls. The total weight of a general wooden wall is 70.5 kg when multiplied by a total of 31 kg / m2 of 6 kg of structural plywood, 10 kg of interior material, and 15 kg of exterior material, with a wall area of 2.5 m × 0.91 m, 2.275 m2. Add 16.5kg of the column weight to 87kg. On the other hand, if the weight of the proposed wall is 0.25 x 0.91 x 2.5, the volume is 0.568m3, and the specific gravity is 20kg / m3, so it is 11.37kg. If we add 5kg of fiber reinforced resin weight, it will be around 17kg, and the weight of the wall will be about 1/5 that of wooden.

The above is a simple comparison of the compressive strength and weight of the material. Although it depends on the structure plan of each individual building, by making an extremely thick panel, the structure plan is sufficient for the one-story or top floor structure, etc., and further adaptable range is possible by detailed design. .

Another feature is that the tensile strength can be higher than that of metal depending on the specifications of the resin or film such as FRP of the structural film, which is sufficient for bearing walls, etc. Destruction is difficult to occur.

In addition, since it can move to a rigid joint after assembly, a plate that directly receives a loading load, such as a roof or floor slab, can be a slab with four sides fixed like a reinforced concrete instead of a joist structure like a general wooden structure. . For this reason, it is possible to distribute and load the surrounding walls according to the wall shape without concentrating the load only on the wall receiving the joist like the conventional wood structure. For this reason, the required compressive strength of the wall is averaged.

In the roof slab and floor slab, the burden section differs depending on the floor plan, etc., and the required panel strength varies greatly, but the handling is simplified by setting an upper limit that can be loaded.

The reinforcing fiber layer 3 integrated with the structural film 2 covering the base and the interval and height of the resin of the present structure and the structural ribs 2a, 2b, and 2c in FIG. 1 is also calculated from the stress at the structural part. After selecting a resin that does not impair the physical properties of the base material or performing a pretreatment such as dissolution prevention, the resin filling of the structural ribs 2a, 2b, and 2c and the structural film 2 and the reinforcing fiber layer 3 are applied and formed. The surface layer 4 is a cosmetic finish coat, which forms a solid structural film.

FIG. 2 is a view of a resin rib formed by grooves intersecting at 90 degrees, as viewed from the inside of the substrate. Ribs having different heights are arranged, and the rib interval on the outer side is narrower than the rib interval on the inner side. This crossing direction, rib height, presence / absence of reinforcing fiber such as carbon fiber or aramid fiber, type, amount, etc. are calculated and determined by stress.

Especially for members that do not need ribs to maintain the shape of the film structurally, the ribs are omitted and only the recyclable film such as general wallpaper or polyethylene terephthalate (PET, PETE) is used. You can also.

  FIG. 3 is a sectional view of an example of a house using a structural panel, characterized by these features. Each part of the building usually only works with gravity, and more force is applied in the event of an earthquake or wind pressure. 5 is a roof structure plate, 6 is a wall structure plate, and 7 is a floor structure plate. In the pin support state, which is a normal structural term, in the roof slab 5, a compressive force acts on the surface of the outdoor side 5a, and a tensile force acts on the surface of the indoor side 5_2. Similarly, on the floor surfaces of 7 and 7 ', the compressive force acts on the upper side 7a and 7'a, and the tensile force acts on the lower side 7b and 7'b. The wall of No. 6 normally has a compressive force on the entire cross section, and a tensile force acts on a part in the event of an earthquake or wind pressure. For 5c and 7c, it can be assumed that compressive force, tensile force, panel and loading load, etc. act on the panel edge.

Most joints in the general house construction method are pins or hinge joints like this, but it is possible to disperse the stress by taking advantage of the characteristics such as offset of those forces acting on the joints and deflection of the structural material. For the purpose, it is possible to achieve a fixed joint, that is, a so-called rigid joint by performing a process of forming the structural film of FIGS. Rigid joining in the case of a conventional construction method requires work inside the structural member, but in this representative structural example, rigid joining is possible only by surface processing in the vicinity of the joint portion between adjacent structural members.

  In addition, since the main structure is hidden from the building surface in a general building structure, it is more routine than repairing and reinforcing it by removing the makeup on the surface. Damage confirmation during maintenance and earthquakes can be seen visually, and countermeasures can be made easily.

In addition, the building construction panel of the present plan eliminates the space under the floor, the space between the upper floor and the attic, and the outer wall ventilation layer. In general, these spaces are used to control the humidity and temperature of the building and prevent the deterioration of construction materials, but this representative structure example that uses heat insulation as a structure has no corrosion and extremely high moisture resistance. So there is no moisture vapor transmission. Therefore, the space in the shed and the ventilation layer are unnecessary, and neither the process nor the construction cost is required.

FIG. 4 is a perspective view of a two-layer model in which stress is reflected in the panel shape using the material of this representative structural example. 9 is a surface treatment with a resin film in the case where the adjacent members are rigidly joined after assembly. Ten beams are members that evenly distribute and diffuse the effects of wind pressure and seismic force, and the force from the roof and wall of 5. Since only the tensile force acts on the lower side of the intermediate layer slab 7 'shown in FIG. 4, it is possible to increase the performance of the tensile stress and reduce the weight of the floor slab by making the lower side of the floor center part an arc shape.

FIG. 5 is a free molding model diagram. After assembling with a lightweight base material panel, in the vicinity of the joint between adjacent structural members, a groove processed to obtain a structural rib that penetrates both joint members is filled with structural resin, and a further fiber reinforced layer is added. It is integrated by coating and forming the included structural film.

Further, as shown in FIG. 6, these structural members can be produced in detail as an assembly structural material, and then integrated into a structure such as a beam or a column. For example, in the case of a reinforced concrete ramen construction method, the member 14 corresponds to a main reinforcement, and the member 11 that retains the shape of the entire column and the resin layer 13 including a reinforcing fiber layer correspond to a hoop reinforcement. The member 14_1 is a reinforcing structural material such as wood or steel when it is necessary to bear a compressive force. The member 12 corresponds to a width stop line and prevents deformation on the inner side of the column.

FIGS. 17 and 18 are proposals for simplifying and reducing the weight of the concrete work most frequently used in architecture by using the structural film of the present plan and the structural ribs integrated therewith. Reinforcement work can also be greatly reduced. Also, if the strength is combined with the formwork, the work for removing the formwork becomes unnecessary, which contributes to the phenomenon of construction man-hours and the weight reduction of the building.

45 is a resin structure film such as FRP, 46a is a structural rib, 46b is a reinforcing rib for a hole for a P-con 48b attached to the separator hardware 48, and 47 is concrete. If the structural film and the structural rib are installed in the mold and the concrete is driven in, the structural film and the structural rib replace the reinforcing bar, and the same strength as that of the reinforced concrete can be obtained. In addition, until now, the member that received an important tensile force was a reinforcing bar, so the cover thickness was indispensable. Therefore, visual inspection is impossible, and a special detector or the like is required for inspection of the construction status. It is difficult to say that necessary and sufficient inspections have been performed due to the time and cost of the inspections. In this plan, it is possible to visually check the construction status, and it is possible to perform appropriate processing even if it is incomplete.

By using the structural membrane of this plan and the structural rib integrated with it for concrete construction, the amount of concrete used for the cover thickness and the tensile strength consisting of the structural membrane and the structural rib integrated with it are replaced with the required amount of reinforcing bars. It is possible to greatly reduce the amount of reinforcing bars and reduce the weight of the concrete structure. Further, by using a dedicated cutting tool as shown in FIG. 18, the existing concrete part can be reinforced.

In addition, in order to broaden the possibility of industrialization, the following were devised, including the intended use, raw materials and manufacturing method. These also become excellent structures by applying a resin film and structural ribs, as in the present representative example.

FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view of a material whose density changes stepwise from the surface. This is made by layering the kneaded mixture of the adhesive and the base material mixed in stages. As an example, 27a made by mixing adhesive with the finest wood flour, layer 27b in which adhesive is mixed with wood flour with a larger particle size, and layer 27c in which adhesive is mixed with wood flour with a larger particle size And a layer 27d in which an adhesive is mixed in a material having a particle size close to that of a piece of wood, such as sawdust. It is characterized by being a kneaded mixture with an adhesive. This method is used to grind and reuse pumice, wood, ALC, and other construction material waste, scallop shells, etc., and rubble recycling in the event of an earthquake, etc. Suitable for a panel having a large compressive force or an edge of the panel.

FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view of a structural example in which the physical density is gradually increased from the surface. In this example, paper and cardboard are used, and rolled steel plates such as corrugated plates and folded plates, and resin plates such as polycarbonate are used. 29 and 31 are weather resistant finishing materials that differ depending on the purpose of use. Although different depending on the strength and purpose, this structure is characterized by laminating layers formed into corrugated shapes at right angles. The 30b layer orthogonal to the 30a corrugation layer and the coarse corrugation 30c are orthogonalized. This is suitable for a field where a large span such as a roof is obtained, or a heat insulating daylighting part using a resin plate such as a polycarbonate material.

FIG. 12 shows a structural example of a honeycomb core in which the target strength is changed stepwise from the surface. 32 is a floor finish, and 34 is a film that bears the tensile force applied to this panel. The layered honeycomb core 33a that requires strength and accuracy and the tensile stress film are laminated in order to maintain them at predetermined intervals.

FIG. 13 is a cross-sectional view of a filler in which mixed particles such as styrene beads are gradually roughened from the surface. 35 is an initial production material side. An adhesive such as a resin is applied to the thin material surface, and the finest styrene beads 36a are poured thereon. The finest styrene beads adhere evenly, and beads that do not touch the adhesive can be easily removed by artificial wind. On top of that, the adhesive is sprayed again to fill the gaps between the finest styrene beads. The styrene bead particles 36b which are enlarged stepwise again are attached. The same process is performed for 36c and 36d to a predetermined thickness. This material is characterized in that the resin used in the adhesive filling the gap between the 37 styrene beads is a substantial structure.

FIG. 14 is a cross-sectional view of a foamed resin material in which the foam density is changed stepwise. 39 is a finishing material according to each building condition, and 41 is a finishing material or a tensile stress film. Foamed resins include extruded foamed polystyrene, polystyrene bead board, phenolic foam, and rigid urethane foam, which have already been commercialized according to strength and purpose. Foamed resin boards are characterized by being laminated in accordance with the strength and other objectives of the building because products that are strong in compression force are expensive and those that are weak are inexpensive. A resin plate 40a having a high density and strong compression is used in a layer close to the finishing material, and a resin plate 40b having a lower density is laminated as a spacer material for maintaining the film position of 41.

FIG. 15 is a cross-sectional view characterized in that, for the purpose of reducing the weight, products having different uses and physical properties are laminated and made hollow. 42 is a plywood floor. 43a folded plate, a folded plate 43b orthogonal thereto, a complete space 43c, 43d tightly integrated so as to maintain a distance between 43b and 43e, a lightweight foam 43e and a film that bears tensile force, etc. Composed of material 44. In order to reduce the weight, in order to make a space like the inside of the bone, a spacer for maintaining the position with the opposite layer is required. The stress of each main part here, the upper layer 42, 43a, 43b bears bending and compression due to load, 43d scattered in the hollow layer bears the shear force generated in the space and compression from the upper and lower layers, The lower layers 43e and 44 bear tension and compression.

FIG. 16 is a cross-sectional view of the above-described plan.
In order to transfer the force to the inside of the material and to obtain the strength corresponding to the stress, resin is injected into the groove obtained by cutting or molding the base material. However, the structural ribs 2a, 2b, 2c with different heights are formed, and the resinous structural film 2 such as FRP corresponding to the stress such as tensile strength is formed on the surface by the adhesion force, and the structural film and the structural substrate Integrate.

These structural ribs 2a, 2b, 2c are crossed not only in one direction but also at 90 degrees as a result of stress or structural material density and resin adhesion strength, or in a mesh form or at 60 degrees, etc. Make it even more stable. When mechanical or shape stabilization is required, a thread made of fibers having a tensile strength is inserted into the structural rib and integrated with the poured resin to increase the strength. Alternatively, the strength of the resin can be improved by mixing and stirring reinforcing fibers in the resin itself. Further, a resin or metal is inserted into an end portion or the like that requires special compressive strength, and is integrated and strengthened by the same method.

FIGS. 17 and 18 are plans to simplify and lighten the concrete work most frequently used in construction. Reinforcement work is also unnecessary. In addition, if the remaining formwork is designed to have a strength that doubles as a formwork, the work for removing the formwork is not necessary, contributing to the phenomenon of construction man-hours and the weight reduction of the building.
45 is a resin structure film such as FRP, 46a is a structural rib, 46b is a reinforcing rib for a hole for a P-con 48b attached to the separator hardware 48, and 47 is concrete. If the structural film and the structural rib are installed in the mold and the concrete is driven in, the structural film and the structural rib replace the reinforcing bar, and the same strength as that of the reinforced concrete can be obtained.

The study on the adhesion / fixation of reinforcing bars in the structural calculation is replaced by the material, strength, shape, and leg length of the structural ribs. By placing a tensile stress bearing material on the concrete surface, the cover thickness of the reinforcing bar, which was indispensable in reinforced concrete, is reduced, and the structural section can be reduced. As a result, the structural weight of a building or the like can be greatly reduced, or the structural strength can be increased with the same weight. In addition, a structural rib up to the opening reinforcement can be created in advance. The structural film can also serve as makeup. Precast concrete boards can be made with higher accuracy and lighter weight.

FIG. 19 shows a tool for concrete repair work. Since the purpose of this tool is to make a resin rib that matches the structural reinforcement strength, this is a tool that cuts a groove with a depth in the range of the cover thickness of the reinforcing bar in parallel based on the design. A concrete cutter is attached to a slide rail 53 that passes over the parallel 52 and 52 with a support metal 54 that changes the angle. In addition to the parallel support type such as this XY plotter, an arm type or a pantograph type is also possible. It is characterized by processing grooves in parallel.

A lightweight processing machine as shown in FIG. 20 is suitable for on-site processing with the structural ribs shown in FIGS. 1 and 16 as representative examples. The guide 57 is aligned with the finger line or groove attached to the substrate 1, and four parallel grooves 1b, 1a, 1b, 1c are cut. The hood has a polycarbonate dust collection function and is connected to a hose to 60 dust bags. At the same time as the armor, it creates a wind current with a centrifugal property like a sirocco fan from the wind inlet that is widely opened near the axis of the hood to the blade tip and the blade tip changes to 80 degrees Celsius when the styrene physical property changes. Has a saw blade body with grooves 61a on both sides to prevent adhesion of heat and static dust.

With regard to this proposal, especially for members that do not require ribs to maintain the shape of the membrane structurally, the ribs are omitted and only general wallpaper, recyclable films such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET, PETE), etc. It can also be mounted.

The combination of resin, structural film, and reinforcing fiber for reinforcing panels and joints in the draft diagrams 1, 2, and 16 is relatively inexpensive and has excellent radio wave transmission, glass fiber reinforced plastic (GFRP), Aramid is excellent in impact resistance due to its strength by using long glass fiber reinforced plastic (GMT) used for automobile parts, carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) used as a successor of aluminum alloy, and aramid fiber (Kevlar). Fiber reinforced plastic (AFRP, KFRP), polyethylene fiber (Dyneema) reinforced plastic with excellent high-strength thermal conductivity, polyethylene fiber reinforced plastic (DFRP), Zylon reinforced Zylon reinforced with extremely high strength and flame resistance Combinations according to conditions and applications such as plastic (ZFRP) can also be used. Moreover, when producing and laying a structural rib in advance, ABS resin suitable for injection molding can be used.

FIG. 9 shows an example of adopting the draft FIGS. 1, 2 and 16 in a conventional prefabricated temporary housing structure composed of lightweight steel and braces. Member 15 is the base and 16 is the plywood that prevents the base from shifting. Reference numeral 17 denotes a lower frame of the shape steel, 18 denotes a column of the shape steel, and 19 denotes an upper frame of the shape steel. The conventional prefabricated temporary housing structure stabilizes the contact points of each frame of these steel shapes by crossing reinforcing steel brace braces. After that, a wall panel divided into three steps is inserted between the pillars to form a wall.
Since the panel of this plan is lightweight, it can be enlarged. Further, an opening such as a window is possible, and the reinforcement thereof can be performed in advance. This example is an example in which a structural film and a structural rib are applied as a bearing wall because the four sides of the panel can be enlarged to reach the steel plate. In that case, braces as diagonal materials are not necessary. If the size of the normal prefabricated panel is used, it can be used as a load bearing wall by performing processing 24 for connecting the structural film.
Moreover, in order to eliminate the cold bridge around the mold steel which worsens the indoor environment which is a problem, it is not exposed to the inner side of the enclosed room surrounding the mold steel member. The member 22 is a ceiling panel. In such a ceiling that does not receive much load, the structural film on the indoor side on the pulling side is sufficient if the film satisfies the finishing conditions. The member 23 is a general floor finishing material, and the member 24 is a reinforcing film or film when the wall panel needs to be joined more firmly.

Representative examples of this plan The construction of large-sized panels for housing members according to Figs. 1 and 16 is advantageous during dismantling and recycling.
Even in the case of wooden walls in conventional architecture, structural materials such as columns, streaks or structural plywood, heat insulating materials, inner and outer wall base materials, inner and outer wall finishing materials, and other ventilation layer materials to maintain wall performance Etc. While these materials must be sorted and transported on site, they consist of two or several materials.
Further, the panel of the representative example of the present plan can be restored to the original use or diverted to another use only by forming a structural film on the surface again from the viewpoint of processing only the surface of the substrate.
Even if it is not used for construction as long as it is in the panel shape, it can be diverted as a ground improvement material that enhances the earth resistance such as dirt in foundation work. In the case of further processing, the structural film and ribs on the surface layer are pelletized to become a reinforced concrete material as an aggregate, and the volume of the base material can be reduced to be recycled, fueled, or incinerated.

1 Base material
1a Substrate groove processing High
1b Substrate groove processing
1c Substrate grooving Low
1d Base material skin
2 Structure film
2a Structure rib High
2b Structure rib Medium
2c Structure rib Low
3 Reinforcing fiber layer
4 Weatherproof makeup, etc.
5 Roof plate
5a Roof plate compression side
5b Roof plate tension side
5c Roof plate support fixing part
6 Wall version
6a Outdoor wall
6b Inside wall version
7 Bottom floor slab
7a Bottom floor slab compression side
7b Lower floor slab tension side
7c Lower floor slab support and fixing part
7 'Intermediate floor deck
7'a Intermediate floor slab compression side
7'b Middle floor slab tension side
7'c Intermediate floor slab support fixing part
8 foundation
9 Fixed joint
10 臥 梁
11 External shape retaining material
12 Internal shape retaining material
13 Structural membranes and structural ribs containing reinforcing fiber layers
14 Major compressive force bearing members
14a Compressive force bearing reinforcement member
15 Foundation of temporary prefab house
16 Plywood
17 type steel wall bottom frame
18-inch steel wall column
19 type steel wall girder frame
20 Bearing wall with opening
21 Original floor structure panel
22 Proposed ceiling panel
23 General floor finish
24 Structure film or film
25 Openings such as windows
26 Kneaded panel surface
27a A mixture of powder such as minimum wood flour and adhesive
27b Compound of wood powder and adhesive with increased particle size
27c A mixture of wood powder and sawdust, etc.
27d A mixture of sawdust and wood glue
28 Kneaded panel back
29 Weatherproof finish
30a Corrugated folded board made of corrugated cardboard, sheet metal, etc. or resin board such as polycarbonate
30b Corrugated folded plate orthogonal to 30a
30c Corrugated folded plate with larger spacing and height than 30a
30d Corrugated folded plate orthogonal to 30c
30e Corrugated folded plate with larger spacing and height than 30c
30f Corrugated folded plate orthogonal to 30e
31 Corrugated panel interior finishing material
32 Finishing material for honeycomb core panel
33a Honeycomb core to enhance vibration isolation
33b Honeycomb core to increase rigidity and accuracy
33c Honeycomb core with spacing adjustment to tensile material
34 Finishing material for honeycomb core
35 Initial panel production
36a Finest styrene beads
36b Styrene beads with increased particle size 1
36c Styrene beads 2 with increased particle size
36d largest styrene beads
37 Adhesive resin filled between styrene beads
38 Back side of styrene bead panel
39 Extruded polystyrene and other resin panel finishing materials
40a Foamed resin board such as high density extruded polystyrene
40b Foamed resin board such as low density extruded polystyrene
41 Extruded polystyrene and other resin panel back finish
42 Heterogeneous composite hollow panel finish
43a Corrugated folded plates made of corrugated cardboard, sheet metal, etc. or resin plates such as polycarbonate
43b Corrugated folded plate orthogonal to 43a
43c hollow layer
43d spacer
43e Low density extruded polystyrene foam etc.
44 Heterogeneous composite hollow panel tensile stress material
45 Resin structure film such as FRP
46a Resin structure rib integrated with resin film
46b Reinforced structure rib for formwork separator
47 Concrete
48 formwork separator
48a Formwork mounting shaft
48b P-con supplied with the release separator
48 'Free hole separator
49 Existing damaged concrete
50 Damage to existing concrete
51 Tool mounting legs
51a Mounting anchor
52 Slide rail mounting slide support shaft
53 Tool mounting slide rail
54 Cutting direction turntable
55 Concrete grooving cutter and cover 55a Motor and water tank
56 Grooves for structural ribs to reinforce damaged cracks
57 Guide
58 Dust collection / protection cover
59 Coaxial parallel cutter
60 To dust bag

Claims (11)

A structural material surface-treated with a resin structure film such as FRP and a lattice-shaped resin structure rib that intersects with the structure film at 90 degrees or 60 degrees. A structural material obtained by applying a process corresponding to claim 1 to a lightweight base material such as extruded polystyrene. A structural material that is surface-treated with a structural film such as a resin film on a lightweight base material such as extruded polystyrene. In order to reduce the weight, it is composed of a kneaded mixture of a material and an adhesive whose density or particles are gradually changed toward the inside or the side where the tensile force is applied. A structural material that has been processed according to. A plurality of corrugated sheets of paper, corrugated cardboard, rolled steel sheet, polycarbonate, etc. are stacked with a stepwise difference in wave height and interval while being orthogonal to each other. A structural material that has been processed. A structural material having a honeycomb core structure in which the density is gradually changed and processed according to claim 1 or claim 3. A structural material made of resin, concrete, or other filler, characterized in that it has a polystyrene bead particle array that gradually increases in diameter from the surface toward the inside or the side where tensile force is applied. Foamed resin structural board in which products with different expansion ratios are layered and a structural material that has been processed according to claim 1. Remaining formwork for concrete subjected to the processing of claim 1. The structural material according to the present invention in which materials having different uses and physical properties are laminated to provide a hollow layer On-site rigid joint structure rib cutting tool shown in Fig. 20