JP2013188676A - Treatment method and apparatus for coffee lee - Google Patents

Treatment method and apparatus for coffee lee Download PDF

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JP2013188676A
JP2013188676A JP2012056223A JP2012056223A JP2013188676A JP 2013188676 A JP2013188676 A JP 2013188676A JP 2012056223 A JP2012056223 A JP 2012056223A JP 2012056223 A JP2012056223 A JP 2012056223A JP 2013188676 A JP2013188676 A JP 2013188676A
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Jun Tsubota
潤 坪田
Yuji Nakanishi
裕士 中西
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Osaka Gas Co Ltd
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
    • Y02E50/30—Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel
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Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To carry out an efficient methane fermentation of coffee lees.SOLUTION: An apparatus for coffee fees includes a solubilization tank 1 solubilizing a coffee lee-containing treatment liquid under an anaerobic condition, and at the same time a methane fermentation tank 2 methane-fermenting the coffee lee-containing treatment liquid solubilized in the solubilization tank 1. The apparatus includes a pH adjustment unit 12 adding alkali to the solubilization tank 1 and a centrifugal part 3 solid-liquid separating by a centrifugal separation of the treatment liquid discharged from the methane fermentation tank 2. The centrifugal part 3 separates sludge and a free higher fatty acid generated in the solubilization tank 1. The apparatus further includes a returning passage L6 for transferring the free higher fatty acid to a liquid phase to be removed, and returning the sludge to the methane fermentation tank 2.

Description

本発明は、コーヒー飲料製造業等のプロセスから発生するコーヒー粕を処理するコーヒー粕の処理方法および装置に関する。   The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for processing coffee mash that processes coffee mash generated from a process such as a coffee beverage manufacturing industry.

固形有機物（特に廃棄物）からエネルギー回収する方法として、メタン発酵法がある。これは有機物を嫌気条件下で発酵させ、その大半をメタンを主成分とするバイオガスとして回収する方法である。発酵に関与する微生物の大半は、有機物を細胞内に取り込み、細胞内で代謝するため、固形有機物はまず水に溶ける形に可溶化される必要がある。メタン発酵法では、まず可溶化菌が菌体外酵素の働きで固形有機物を可溶化し、その後酸発酵菌が可溶化物を低分子の有機酸まで代謝し、最終的にメタン細菌が有機酸からメタンを生成する。   As a method for recovering energy from solid organic matter (especially waste), there is a methane fermentation method. This is a method in which organic matter is fermented under anaerobic conditions, and most of it is recovered as biogas mainly composed of methane. Since most of the microorganisms involved in fermentation take up organic substances into cells and metabolize in the cells, solid organic substances must first be solubilized in a form soluble in water. In methane fermentation, solubilized bacteria first solubilize solid organic matter by the action of extracellular enzymes, then acid-fermenting bacteria metabolize the solubilized product to low molecular organic acids, and finally methane bacteria become organic acid. To produce methane.

焙煎したコーヒー豆からコーヒー成分を抽出した後の残留物であるコーヒー粕は国内で集中・安定して発生するバイオマスであり、その有効利用が求められている。飲料工場では、通常大量のエネルギーを使用しているため、発生したコーヒー粕からエネルギーを回収し、飲料生産時に利用することができれば理想的である。   Coffee residue, which is a residue after extracting coffee components from roasted coffee beans, is biomass that is concentrated and stably generated in the country, and its effective use is required. Since beverage factories usually use a large amount of energy, it would be ideal if energy could be recovered from the coffee grounds generated and used during beverage production.

ところが、通常のバイオマスとは異なり、コーヒー粕は炭水化物と油分が主体の特殊なバイオマスであり、硬く可溶化されにくいため、通常のメタン発酵処理に供しても、バイオガス化効率は５０％と低いのが実情である。（特許文献１等）   However, unlike ordinary biomass, coffee lees are special biomass mainly composed of carbohydrates and oil, and are hard and not easily solubilized. Therefore, even when subjected to ordinary methane fermentation, the biogasification efficiency is as low as 50%. Is the actual situation. (Patent Document 1 etc.)

さらに、従来、コーヒー粕を可溶化処理およびメタン発酵処理に供すると、脂肪酸等の低分子化の進行に応じて、芳香族カルボン酸であるコーヒー酸などの発酵阻害物が生じ、メタン発酵が阻害されるという問題点があった。そのため、コーヒー粕の可溶化率を下げるか、可溶化処理およびメタン発酵処理に供するコーヒー粕の量を低減せざるを得ないのが現状であり、効率的にコーヒー粕をメタン発酵処理する技術が確立できていなかった。   Furthermore, conventionally, when coffee mash is subjected to solubilization treatment and methane fermentation treatment, fermentation inhibitors such as caffeic acid, which is an aromatic carboxylic acid, are produced in accordance with the progress of low molecular weight such as fatty acids, and methane fermentation is inhibited. There was a problem of being. Therefore, the current situation is that the solubilization rate of coffee mash is reduced or the amount of coffee mash used for solubilization and methane fermentation treatment must be reduced. It was not established.

そのため、前記発酵阻害物を分解可能な微生物を用いたり、遊離高級脂肪酸を凝集剤とともに沈殿させ、メタン発酵処理系統から除外してメタン発酵を良好に進行させたりすることも考えられる。しかし、本願で対象とするコーヒー粕は、種々廃棄物の中でも油脂成分が多い割にたんぱく質成分が非常に少ないという特徴があり、メタン発酵を行った場合に、前記メタン発酵槽におけるｐＨを適正に維持したとしても、前記メタン発酵槽におけるバイオガス化効率は、充分高くならないという実情がある。   Therefore, it is conceivable to use a microorganism capable of decomposing the fermentation inhibitor, or to precipitate free higher fatty acid together with the flocculant and to remove methane fermentation from the methane fermentation treatment system so that methane fermentation proceeds well. However, the coffee mash that is the subject of the present application has a feature that the protein component is very small in spite of the large amount of oil and fat components among various wastes, and when methane fermentation is performed, the pH in the methane fermenter is appropriately adjusted. Even if it is maintained, the biogasification efficiency in the methane fermentation tank is not sufficiently high.

特開２００９−０２８６２５号公報JP 2009-028625 A

そこで、本発明者らは、上記バイオガス化の阻害要因としては、上記メタン発酵槽のｐＨのほかに、前記メタン発酵槽で発生する遊離高級脂肪酸が関与していることをあきらかにした。メタン発酵の過程で遊離高級脂肪酸が発生するのは、メタン発酵に伴い低下したメタン発酵槽のｐＨを上昇させるために添加されるアルカリ分により油脂成分がけん化して、生成した高級脂肪酸塩が水相中に遊離することによるもので、通常たんぱく質の多いバイオマスのメタン発酵では、見られない現象である。   Therefore, the present inventors have clarified that, in addition to the pH of the methane fermentation tank, free higher fatty acids generated in the methane fermentation tank are involved as the biogasification inhibiting factor. Free higher fatty acids are generated in the process of methane fermentation because the fat and oil components are saponified by the alkali added to raise the pH of the methane fermentation tank, which has decreased due to methane fermentation, and the resulting higher fatty acid salt is water. This is due to liberation in the phase, and this phenomenon is not observed in methane fermentation of biomass that is usually rich in protein.

このような遊離高級脂肪酸は、分離が困難であって、膜分離等の手段を用いても除去することができない。そのため、発酵阻害が生じると、メタン発酵処理を持続できるようにメタン発酵槽内の処理液を希釈する必要があり、メタン発酵効率の低下につながる。   Such free higher fatty acids are difficult to separate and cannot be removed using means such as membrane separation. Therefore, when fermentation inhibition occurs, it is necessary to dilute the treatment liquid in the methane fermentation tank so that the methane fermentation treatment can be continued, leading to a decrease in methane fermentation efficiency.

そこで、本発明の目的は、上記実情に鑑み、コーヒー粕を効率よくメタン発酵させる点にある。   Therefore, in view of the above circumstances, an object of the present invention is to efficiently perform methane fermentation of coffee cake.

本発明者らが鋭意研究したところ、メタン発酵槽から上記遊離高級脂肪酸を効率よく除去するのに遠心分離が有効であることがあきらかになり、本発明を完成するに至った。   As a result of intensive studies by the present inventors, it has become apparent that centrifugation is effective in efficiently removing the above free higher fatty acids from a methane fermenter, and the present invention has been completed.

〔構成１〕
本発明のコーヒー粕の処理方法の特徴構成は、可溶化槽においてコーヒー粕含有処理液を嫌気性条件下に可溶化し、前記可溶化槽で可溶化したコーヒー粕含有処理液をメタン発酵槽においてメタン発酵し、前記メタン発酵槽から排出される処理液を遠心分離部で固液分離するとともに、
前記可溶化槽においてｐＨ調整部よりアルカリを添加して、メタン発酵槽のｐＨを調整しておき、前記メタン発酵槽で生成した遊離高級脂肪酸と汚泥とを、前記遠心分離部で液相に移行させて除去し、前記汚泥を前記メタン発酵槽に返送して、前記メタン発酵槽内の汚泥濃度を維持する点にある。 [Configuration 1]
The characteristic configuration of the method for treating coffee koji according to the present invention is to solubilize the coffee koji-containing treatment solution in an anaerobic condition in a solubilization tank, and to make the coffee koji-containing treatment solution solubilized in the solubilization vessel While performing methane fermentation, solid-liquid separation of the treatment liquid discharged from the methane fermentation tank in a centrifugal separator,
In the solubilization tank, alkali is added from the pH adjustment unit to adjust the pH of the methane fermentation tank, and the free higher fatty acid and sludge generated in the methane fermentation tank are transferred to the liquid phase in the centrifugal separation unit. And removing the sludge and returning the sludge to the methane fermentation tank to maintain the sludge concentration in the methane fermentation tank.

〔作用効果１〕
上記構成によると、コーヒー粕含有処理液を可溶化槽において嫌気性条件下に可溶化するから、油脂成分が多く、硬くて可溶化しにくいコーヒー粕であっても、可溶化して流動化させることにより液状で処理可能にすることができる。前記可溶化槽で可溶化し、液状となったコーヒー粕含有処理液は、メタン発酵槽によりメタン発酵することができる。これにより、高濃度で効率よくコーヒー粕をメタン発酵に供することができるようになる。 [Operation effect 1]
According to the above configuration, the coffee liquor-containing treatment liquid is solubilized in the solubilization tank under anaerobic conditions, so even if it is hard and hard to solubilize, it is solubilized and fluidized. Thus, it can be processed in a liquid state. The coffee cake-containing treatment liquid solubilized in the solubilization tank and liquefied can be methane-fermented in the methane fermentation tank. As a result, the coffee mash can be efficiently subjected to methane fermentation at a high concentration.

通常メタン発酵が進行すると、その液性はたんぱく質の窒素分より発生するアンモニアにより高ｐＨにシフトする傾向と、脂質、でんぷん質から発生する酸により低ｐＨにシフトする傾向とが共存するが、コーヒー粕のメタン発酵に際しては、コーヒー粕がたんぱく質を殆ど含まないことから酸性にシフトする傾向が大きく見られる。そのため、前記可溶化槽にｐＨ調整部からアルカリを添加することにより、前記メタン発酵槽内のｐＨを酸性から中性に近い、メタン発酵の進行しやすい環境にシフトさせてメタン発酵の進行を良好に維持しやすい。   Normally, when methane fermentation progresses, its liquidity tends to shift to high pH due to ammonia generated from the nitrogen content of the protein, and tends to shift to low pH due to acid generated from lipids and starch. During the methane fermentation of koji, there is a large tendency for the coffee koji to shift to acidity because it contains almost no protein. Therefore, by adding alkali from the pH adjustment unit to the solubilization tank, the pH in the methane fermentation tank is shifted from an acidic to a neutral environment where methane fermentation is easy to proceed, and the progress of methane fermentation is good. Easy to maintain.

メタン発酵の進行しやすいｐＨでメタン発酵を行ったとしても、メタン発酵槽には遊離高級脂肪酸が生成され、この遊離高級脂肪酸がメタン発酵の阻害物質となる。通常、この遊離高級脂肪酸は、メタン発酵槽の処理液の液相中に遊離していると考えられる。そこで、前記メタン発酵槽から排出される処理液を固液分離することにより、汚泥と、遊離高級脂肪酸とを分離し、遊離高級脂肪酸のみを除去して、汚泥のみを再利用可能にすることができるものと考えられる。
前記遠心分離を用いることによって、前記可溶化槽で発生した遊離高級脂肪酸と汚泥とを分離し、前記遊離高級脂肪酸を液相に移行させて除去することができ、前記汚泥を前記メタン発酵槽に返送することによって、前記遊離高級脂肪酸の含まれていない汚泥のみを前記メタン発酵槽に返送することができることがわかった。これにより、前記メタン発酵槽における阻害物質を効果的に除去し、かつ、メタン発酵槽内の汚泥濃度を高濃度に維持することができる。したがって、コーヒー粕を効率よくメタン発酵させてバイオガスに変換することができるようになった。 Even if methane fermentation is performed at a pH at which methane fermentation is likely to proceed, free higher fatty acids are produced in the methane fermentation tank, and these free higher fatty acids become inhibitors of methane fermentation. Usually, this free higher fatty acid is considered to be liberated in the liquid phase of the treatment liquid of the methane fermenter. Therefore, by separating the treatment liquid discharged from the methane fermentation tank into solid and liquid, it is possible to separate sludge and free higher fatty acids, remove only free higher fatty acids, and make only the sludge reusable. It is considered possible.
By using the centrifugal separation, the free higher fatty acid and sludge generated in the solubilization tank can be separated, and the free higher fatty acid can be removed by moving to a liquid phase, and the sludge is transferred to the methane fermentation tank. It turned out that only the sludge which does not contain the said free higher fatty acid can be returned to the said methane fermentation tank by returning. Thereby, the inhibitory substance in the said methane fermentation tank can be removed effectively, and the sludge density | concentration in a methane fermentation tank can be maintained at a high density | concentration. Therefore, the coffee lees can be efficiently methane-fermented and converted into biogas.

〔構成２〕
尚、上記構成において前記メタン発酵槽内の汚泥濃度を１〜１０％（Ｗ／Ｖ）に維持することが好ましい。 [Configuration 2]
In addition, in the said structure, it is preferable to maintain the sludge density | concentration in the said methane fermentation tank to 1-10% (W / V).

〔作用効果２〕
上記メタン発酵槽の汚泥濃度は、１〜１０％（Ｗ／Ｖ）としておくことによって、高濃度環境でメタン発酵が行えるので好ましい。なお、３％以上の高濃度としてあれば高効率でバイオガスを回収することができ、１０％を超えると、粘性増加により攪拌が困難となるので好ましくない。ここで、％（Ｗ／Ｖ）は、（汚泥質量／メタン発酵槽の処理水量）として求めた汚泥濃度である。 [Operation effect 2]
The sludge concentration in the methane fermentation tank is preferably 1 to 10% (W / V) because methane fermentation can be performed in a high concentration environment. If the concentration is 3% or higher, biogas can be recovered with high efficiency. If it exceeds 10%, stirring is difficult due to increased viscosity, which is not preferable. Here,% (W / V) is the sludge concentration determined as (sludge mass / treated water amount of methane fermentation tank).

〔構成３〕
また、上記構成において前記遠心分離部は、メタン発酵槽における処理液を、遠心力１０００ｇ〜２０００ｇでの滞留時間が５分〜３０分の遠心分離条件で遠心分離することが好ましい。 [Configuration 3]
Moreover, in the said structure, it is preferable that the said centrifugation part centrifuges the process liquid in a methane fermenter on the centrifugation conditions for the residence time in 1000 g-2000g of centrifugal force for 5 minutes-30 minutes.

〔作用効果３〕
上記遠心分離部は、１０００〜２０００ｇで５分〜３０分の遠心分離条件で遠心分離することにより、遊離高級脂肪酸を効率よく汚泥から分離することができる。 [Operation effect 3]
The said centrifugation part can isolate | separate a free higher fatty acid from sludge efficiently by centrifuging at 1000-2000g on the centrifugation conditions for 5 minutes-30 minutes.

〔構成４〕
本発明のコーヒー粕の処理装置は、コーヒー粕含有処理液を嫌気性条件下に可溶化する可溶化槽を備えるとともに、前記可溶化槽で可溶化したコーヒー粕含有処理液をメタン発酵するメタン発酵槽を備え、
前記可溶化槽にアルカリを添加するｐＨ調整部を設け、前記メタン発酵槽から排出される処理液を遠心分離により固液分離する遠心分離部を設けるとともに、
前記可溶化槽で発生した遊離高級脂肪酸と汚泥とを、前記遠心分離部で分離して、前記遊離高級脂肪酸を液相に移行させて除去するとともに、前記汚泥を前記メタン発酵槽に返送する返送路を備えた点にある。 [Configuration 4]
The apparatus for treating coffee lees according to the present invention comprises a solubilization tank for solubilizing the coffee lees containing treatment liquid under anaerobic conditions, and methane fermentation for methane fermentation of the coffee lees containing treatment liquid solubilized in the solubilization tank Equipped with a tank,
While providing a pH adjustment unit for adding alkali to the solubilization tank, and providing a centrifuge unit for solid-liquid separation of the treatment liquid discharged from the methane fermentation tank by centrifugation,
The free higher fatty acid and sludge generated in the solubilization tank are separated by the centrifugal separator, the free higher fatty acid is transferred to the liquid phase and removed, and the sludge is returned to the methane fermentation tank. It is a point with a road.

〔作用効果４〕
上記構成によると、コーヒー粕含有処理液を嫌気性条件下に可溶化する可溶化槽を備えるから、油脂成分が多く、硬くて可溶化しにくいコーヒー粕であっても、可溶化して流動化させることにより液状で処理可能にすることができる。前記可溶化槽で可溶化し、液状となったコーヒー粕含有処理液は、メタン発酵槽によりメタン発酵することができる。これにより、高濃度で効率よくコーヒー粕をメタン発酵に供することができるようになる。 [Operation effect 4]
According to the above configuration, since it has a solubilization tank that solubilizes the coffee liquor-containing treatment liquid under anaerobic conditions, even if it is hard and hard to solubilize, it is solubilized and fluidized. By making it, it can be processed in a liquid state. The coffee cake-containing treatment liquid solubilized in the solubilization tank and liquefied can be methane-fermented in the methane fermentation tank. As a result, the coffee mash can be efficiently subjected to methane fermentation at a high concentration.

また、前記可溶化槽にアルカリを添加するｐＨ調整部を設けてあるから、前記メタン発酵槽でメタン発酵が進行した場合に、前記メタン発酵槽内に生成される酸を中和して、ｐＨの低下による発酵阻害を抑制することができる。   Moreover, since the pH adjustment part which adds an alkali to the said solubilization tank is provided, when methane fermentation advances in the said methane fermentation tank, the acid produced | generated in the said methane fermentation tank is neutralized, pH It is possible to suppress fermentation inhibition due to a decrease in the amount.

また、前記遠心分離部を備えることによって、前記可溶化槽で発生した遊離高級脂肪酸と汚泥とを分離し、前記遊離高級脂肪酸を液相に移行させて除去することができ、前記汚泥を前記メタン発酵槽に返送する返送路を備えることによって、前記遊離高級脂肪酸の含まれていない汚泥のみを前記メタン発酵槽に返送することができる。これにより、前記メタン発酵槽における阻害物質を効果的に除去し、かつ、メタン発酵槽内の汚泥濃度を高濃度に維持することができる。したがって、コーヒー粕を効率よくメタン発酵させてバイオガスに変換することができるようになった。   Further, by providing the centrifugal separation unit, the free higher fatty acid and sludge generated in the solubilization tank can be separated, and the free higher fatty acid can be transferred to a liquid phase and removed, and the sludge can be removed from the methane. By providing a return path for returning to the fermenter, only the sludge not containing the free higher fatty acid can be returned to the methane fermenter. Thereby, the inhibitory substance in the said methane fermentation tank can be removed effectively, and the sludge density | concentration in a methane fermentation tank can be maintained at a high density | concentration. Therefore, the coffee lees can be efficiently methane-fermented and converted into biogas.

〔構成５〕
本発明のコーヒー粕の処理装置の特徴構成は、コーヒー粕含有処理液を嫌気性条件下に可溶化する可溶化槽を備えるとともに、前記可溶化槽で可溶化したコーヒー粕含有処理液をメタン発酵するメタン発酵槽を備え、
前記可溶化槽にアルカリを添加するｐＨ調整部を設け、前記メタン発酵槽から排出される処理液を遠心分離により固液分離する遠心分離部を設けるとともに、
前記可溶化槽で発生した遊離高級脂肪酸と汚泥とを、前記遠心分離部で分離して、前記遊離高級脂肪酸を液相に移行させて除去するとともに、前記汚泥を前記メタン発酵槽に返送する返送路を備えた点にある。 [Configuration 5]
The characteristic configuration of the coffee mash processing apparatus of the present invention includes a solubilization tank that solubilizes the coffee mash containing treatment liquid under anaerobic conditions, and the coffee mash containing treatment liquid solubilized in the solubilization tank is subjected to methane fermentation. Equipped with a methane fermentation tank
While providing a pH adjustment unit for adding alkali to the solubilization tank, and providing a centrifuge unit for solid-liquid separation of the treatment liquid discharged from the methane fermentation tank by centrifugation,
The free higher fatty acid and sludge generated in the solubilization tank are separated by the centrifugal separator, the free higher fatty acid is transferred to the liquid phase and removed, and the sludge is returned to the methane fermentation tank. It is a point with a road.

〔作用効果５〕
上記構成によると、可溶化槽においてコーヒー粕含有処理液を嫌気性条件下に可溶化するとともに、メタン発酵槽において前記可溶化槽で可溶化したコーヒー粕含有処理液をメタン発酵することができる。これにより、油脂成分が多く、硬くて可溶化しにくいコーヒー粕であっても、可溶化して流動化させることにより液状で処理可能にすることができる。前記可溶化槽で可溶化し、液状となったコーヒー粕含有処理液は、メタン発酵槽によりメタン発酵することができる。これにより、高濃度で効率よくコーヒー粕をメタン発酵に供することができるようになる。 [Operation effect 5]
According to the said structure, while a coffee mash containing process liquid is solubilized in an anaerobic condition in a solubilization tank, the coffee mash containing process liquid solubilized in the said solubilization tank can be methane-fermented in a methane fermentation tank. Thereby, even if it is a hard coffee cake which has many fat components and is hard to solubilize, it can be processed in a liquid state by solubilizing and fluidizing. The coffee cake-containing treatment liquid solubilized in the solubilization tank and liquefied can be methane-fermented in the methane fermentation tank. As a result, the coffee mash can be efficiently subjected to methane fermentation at a high concentration.

また、前記可溶化槽にアルカリを添加するｐＨ調整部を設け、前記可溶化槽にｐＨ調整部からアルカリを添加することにより、前記メタン発酵槽内のｐＨを酸性から中性に近い、メタン発酵の進行しやすい環境にシフトさせてメタン発酵の進行を良好に維持しやすい。遠心分離部を設けると前記メタン発酵槽から排出される処理液を遠心分離により固液分離することができ、前記可溶化槽で発生した遊離高級脂肪酸と汚泥とを分離し、前記遊離高級脂肪酸を液相に移行させて除去することができ、前記返送路によって、前記汚泥を前記メタン発酵槽に返送することによって、前記遊離高級脂肪酸の含まれていない汚泥のみを前記メタン発酵槽に返送することができる。   Moreover, the pH adjustment part which adds an alkali to the said solubilization tank is provided, and the pH in the said methane fermentation tank is close to neutrality from acidity by adding an alkali from a pH adjustment part to the said solubilization tank. It is easy to maintain the progress of methane fermentation by shifting to an environment where When a centrifugal separator is provided, the treatment liquid discharged from the methane fermentation tank can be separated into solid and liquid by centrifugation, the free higher fatty acid and sludge generated in the solubilization tank are separated, and the free higher fatty acid is separated. Returning the sludge to the methane fermentation tank through the return path, returning only the sludge not containing the free higher fatty acid to the methane fermentation tank by transferring the sludge to the liquid phase. Can do.

したがって、従来廃棄困難であったコーヒー粕を有効利用してバイオガスとして回収して、再利用可能なエネルギーとして提供することができるようになった。   Therefore, it has become possible to effectively use coffee mash, which has been difficult to dispose of, and recover it as biogas and provide it as reusable energy.

本発明のコーヒー粕の処理装置のフロー図Flow chart of processing apparatus for coffee mash of the present invention 遠心分離による高級脂肪酸濃度安定化を示す図Diagram showing higher fatty acid concentration stabilization by centrifugation

以下に、本発明のコーヒー粕の処理装置および方法を説明する。なお、以下に好適な実施例を記すが、これら実施例はそれぞれ、本発明をより具体的に例示するために記載されたものであって、本発明の趣旨を逸脱しない範囲において種々変更が可能であり、本発明は、以下の記載に限定されるものではない。   Below, the processing apparatus and method of the coffee mash of this invention are demonstrated. In addition, although suitable examples are described below, these examples are described in order to more specifically illustrate the present invention, and various modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention. The present invention is not limited to the following description.

〔コーヒー粕の処理装置〕
本発明のコーヒー粕の処理装置は、図１に示すように、
コーヒー粕含有処理液を嫌気性条件下に可溶化する可溶化槽１を備えるとともに、可溶化したコーヒー粕含有処理液をメタン発酵するメタン発酵槽２を備える。 [Coffee coffee processing equipment]
As shown in FIG.
A solubilization tank 1 for solubilizing the coffee koji-containing treatment liquid under anaerobic conditions is provided, and a methane fermentation tank 2 for methane fermentation of the solubilized coffee koji-containing treatment liquid.

〔可溶化槽〕
前記可溶化槽１は生ごみやコーヒー粕をメタン発酵汚泥と混合して処理液として受ける混合槽１０からなり、前記混合槽１０には、上部に処理液供給部からの生ごみやコーヒー粕を受け入れる受入路Ｌ１が接続されるとともに、処理液のうち分散化した画分をメタン発酵槽２に移送する移送路Ｌ２を接続して備える。また、前記可溶化槽１の底部には、処理液中の生ごみやコーヒー粕の固形分に富む画分を破砕等の可溶化処理に供するために引き抜く引抜路Ｌ３を備える。また、前記可溶化槽１には内部の処理液を６０℃〜８０℃に加熱する加熱部１１を備えてもよい。 [Solubilization tank]
The solubilization tank 1 is composed of a mixing tank 10 which receives raw garbage or coffee cake with methane fermentation sludge and receives it as a processing liquid. In the mixing tank 10, the raw garbage or coffee cake from the processing liquid supply unit is placed on the upper part. The receiving path L1 is connected, and a transfer path L2 for transferring the dispersed fraction of the processing liquid to the methane fermentation tank 2 is connected and provided. Moreover, the bottom part of the said solubilization tank 1 is equipped with the extraction path L3 which draws out in order to use for the solubilization processes, such as crushing, the fraction which is rich in the garbage in a process liquid and the coffee cake | flour. Further, the solubilization tank 1 may be provided with a heating unit 11 for heating the internal processing liquid to 60 ° C. to 80 ° C.

また、前記混合槽１０には、苛性ソーダ（ＮａＯＨ）などのアルカリを添加するためのｐＨ調整部１２が設けられている。このｐＨ調整部１２におけるアルカリ添加量は、後述のメタン発酵槽２における処理液のｐＨに応じて決定され、前記メタン発酵槽２内部のｐＨが６．５〜８．５程度の範囲に維持されるように調整される。   The mixing tank 10 is provided with a pH adjusting unit 12 for adding an alkali such as caustic soda (NaOH). The amount of alkali added in the pH adjusting unit 12 is determined according to the pH of the treatment liquid in the methane fermentation tank 2 described later, and the pH inside the methane fermentation tank 2 is maintained in the range of about 6.5 to 8.5. Adjusted to

加熱部１１における加熱には、重油、都市ガス、電力等をエネルギー源として利用してもよいが、後述するメタン発酵工程で発生するメタンガスを用いて、熱と電力を得るコジェネレーション手段（ガスエンジン、燃料電池等）により得られる排熱を利用することが望ましい。   For heating in the heating unit 11, heavy oil, city gas, electric power, or the like may be used as an energy source. However, cogeneration means (gas engine) that obtains heat and electric power using methane gas generated in a methane fermentation process described later. It is desirable to use exhaust heat obtained by a fuel cell or the like.

処理液中のコーヒー粕の可溶化処理は、コーヒー粕とメタン発酵汚泥またはその液体画分との共存下、即ちこれらを混合した状態で加熱処理することにより行われる。コーヒー粕と、メタン発酵汚泥またはその液体画分との混合比については、特に制限されるものではないが、コーヒー粕の乾燥重量１００重量部当たり、メタン発酵汚泥またはその液体画分を１０〜１０００重量部、好ましくは５０〜５００重量部、さらに好ましくは１００〜３００重量部が例示される。   The solubilization treatment of the coffee cake in the treatment liquid is performed by heat treatment in the coexistence of the coffee cake and the methane fermentation sludge or the liquid fraction thereof, that is, in a mixed state. The mixing ratio between the coffee cake and the methane fermentation sludge or the liquid fraction thereof is not particularly limited, but the methane fermentation sludge or the liquid fraction thereof is 10 to 1000 per 100 parts by weight of the dry weight of the coffee cake. Part by weight, preferably 50 to 500 parts by weight, more preferably 100 to 300 parts by weight is exemplified.

可溶化処理時の温度条件については、３０℃以上であればよいが、コーヒー粕の可溶化効率をさらに向上させるには、好ましくは７０〜９５℃程度、さらに好ましくは７０〜８０℃程度があげられる。メタン発酵汚泥には、固形物を分解する可溶化菌、酸発酵菌と、有機酸をメタン化するメタン細菌が含まれる。一般的に、６０℃以上の温度条件ではメタン細菌は生育できないため、６０℃以上の温度条件によって行われる可溶化処理では、メタン発酵汚泥またはその液体画分中のメタン細菌以外の微生物（可溶化菌、酸発酵菌）または物質によって、コーヒー粕の可溶化が行われると考えられる。   The temperature condition during the solubilization treatment may be 30 ° C. or higher, but in order to further improve the solubilization efficiency of the coffee koji, it is preferably about 70 to 95 ° C., more preferably about 70 to 80 ° C. It is done. Methane fermentation sludge includes solubilized bacteria that decompose solids, acid-fermenting bacteria, and methane bacteria that methanate organic acids. In general, methane bacteria cannot grow at a temperature condition of 60 ° C. or higher. Therefore, in the solubilization treatment performed at a temperature condition of 60 ° C. or higher, microorganisms other than methane bacteria in the methane fermentation sludge or its liquid fraction (solubilization). It is considered that the coffee koji is solubilized by the fungi, acid-fermenting bacteria) or substances.

また、可溶化処理時の加熱時間としては、生ごみやコーヒー粕とメタン発酵汚泥またはその液体画分との混合比、加熱温度等に応じて適宜設定されるが、例えば、１〜７２時間、好ましくは４〜４８時間、さらに好ましくは１２〜２４時間が例示される。   Moreover, as the heating time at the time of the solubilization treatment, it is appropriately set according to the mixing ratio of the garbage or coffee cake and methane fermentation sludge or its liquid fraction, the heating temperature, etc., for example, 1 to 72 hours, Preferably it is 4-48 hours, More preferably, 12-24 hours are illustrated.

これにより処理液は可溶化処理を受けて性状が液中固形成分において粒径１ｍｍ以上が１０％以下のスラリーとなり、コーヒー粕に含まれる固形有機物が、メタン発酵可能な程度にまで低分子化され、可溶化される。   As a result, the treatment liquid is subjected to a solubilization treatment, and the properties become a slurry having a particle size of 1 mm or more and 10% or less in the solid component in the liquid, and the solid organic matter contained in the coffee mash is reduced to a level capable of methane fermentation. Solubilized.

〔メタン発酵槽〕
前記メタン発酵槽２は、上記可溶化槽から移送路Ｌ２を介して移送される処理槽２０からなり、処理槽２０内部において、メタン発酵菌を用いてコーヒー粕をメタン発酵処理する。一般的にメタン発酵菌として嫌気性のものが用いられる。前記処理槽２０には、槽内で生成したメタン発酵汚泥を槽外に排出するための引抜路Ｌ４を備え、引抜路Ｌ４には、メタン発酵汚泥を処理液とともに引抜き、脱水する遠心分離部３が接続されている。また、前記処理槽上部には、メタン発酵により生成したメタンガスを回収するメタン回収路Ｌ５を備える。 [Methane fermentation tank]
The said methane fermentation tank 2 consists of the processing tank 20 transferred via the transfer path L2 from the said solubilization tank, and performs the methane fermentation process of the coffee lees using the methane fermentation microbe inside the processing tank 20. FIG. In general, anaerobic bacteria are used as methane fermentation bacteria. The treatment tank 20 is provided with a drawing path L4 for discharging the methane fermentation sludge generated in the tank to the outside of the tank, and in the drawing path L4, the centrifugal separator 3 for drawing and dehydrating the methane fermentation sludge together with the treatment liquid. Is connected. Moreover, the upper part of the said processing tank is equipped with the methane collection | recovery path L5 which collect | recovers the methane gas produced | generated by methane fermentation.

前記メタン発酵処理において、メタン発酵の形式は特に制限されず、回分式、固定床式等のメタン発酵において利用されている公知のいずれの形式であってもよい。また、上記の可溶化方法により得られた可溶化物の供給と、メタン発酵槽内のメタン発酵処理物の抜き取りとを、連続的にまたは断続的に行うことにより実施してもよい。上記可溶化物の供給と上記メタン発酵処理物の抜き取りを連続的または断続的に行う場合、その可溶化物の供給速度およびメタン発酵処理物の抜き取り速度は、該可溶化物のメタン発酵槽内平均滞留時間が上記発酵処理時間となるように適宜設定すればよい。   In the methane fermentation treatment, the form of methane fermentation is not particularly limited, and may be any known form used in methane fermentation such as a batch type or a fixed bed type. Moreover, you may implement by supplying the solubilizate obtained by said solubilization method, and extracting the methane fermentation processed material in a methane fermenter continuously or intermittently. In the case where the supply of the solubilized product and the extraction of the methane fermentation treatment product are performed continuously or intermittently, the supply rate of the solubilized product and the extraction rate of the methane fermentation treatment product are determined in the methane fermentation tank of the solubilization product. What is necessary is just to set suitably so that an average residence time may become the said fermentation processing time.

これにより、処理水は、メタン発酵を受け、ＣＯＤ換算１ｋｇあたり２００〜３５０ｍ3のメタンガスを生産でき、生産されたメタンガスは回収・利用される。また、前記引抜路Ｌ４から汚泥とともに排出される処理液排水は５０００〜２００００ｍｇＣＯＤ／Ｌ程度の排水となり外部に放出される。この処理液排水には、遊離高級脂肪酸が含まれ、遊離高級脂肪酸は、通常、汚泥と分離されることなく廃棄されるか、汚泥とともに上流側に返送されて再処理されることになるが、本発明においては、前記引抜路Ｌ４から前記遠心分離部３に供給される。 Thereby, treated water can receive methane fermentation, can produce 200-350m < 3 > methane gas per kg of COD conversion, and the produced | generated methane gas is collect | recovered and utilized. Further, the treatment liquid wastewater discharged together with the sludge from the extraction path L4 becomes wastewater of about 5000 to 20000 mg COD / L and is discharged to the outside. The treatment liquid wastewater contains free higher fatty acids, and the free higher fatty acids are usually discarded without being separated from the sludge, or returned to the upstream side together with the sludge and reprocessed. In the present invention, the centrifugal separation unit 3 is supplied from the drawing path L4.

〔遠心分離部〕
前記遠心分離部３は、引抜路Ｌ４を介して供給されるメタン発酵汚泥および処理液を遠心分離により固液分離する遠心分離装置３０を備えるとともに遠心分離により回収される固相の一部をメタン発酵槽に返送する返送路Ｌ６を備える。また、残余のメタン発酵汚泥および処理液は廃棄路Ｌ７より廃棄される。 (Centrifuge section)
The centrifugal separation unit 3 includes a centrifugal separation device 30 that solid-liquid separates the methane fermentation sludge and the treatment liquid supplied via the extraction path L4 by centrifugal separation, and methane a part of the solid phase recovered by the centrifugal separation. A return path L6 for returning to the fermenter is provided. The remaining methane fermentation sludge and treatment liquid are discarded from the disposal path L7.

ここで、遠心分離装置としては、たとえば上部排出型遠心分離器が用いられ、前記遠心分離部３は、負荷１０ｋｇＣＯＤｃｒ／ｍ3発酵槽・日のメタン発酵槽からの汚泥を、遠心分離装置３０に供給し、前記汚泥遠心分離された汚泥を投入される処理水量の２．５倍で引抜き、（遠心力２０００ｇ、滞留時間１０分となる遠心分離条件）前記返送路Ｌ６から全量返送すように処理水を循環させる。これにより、メタン発酵槽内の汚泥濃度は、１％〜５％〜１０％に維持される。 Here, as the centrifugal separator, for example, an upper discharge type centrifugal separator is used, and the centrifugal separator 3 sends the sludge from the load 10 kg CODcr / m 3 fermenter / day methane fermenter to the centrifugal separator 30. Supply and extract the sludge centrifuged at 2.5 times the amount of treated water to be fed (centrifugation conditions with a centrifugal force of 2000 g and a residence time of 10 minutes) and process to return the entire amount from the return path L6 Circulate water. Thereby, the sludge density | concentration in a methane fermentation tank is maintained by 1%-5%-10%.

これにより、メタン発酵汚泥と遊離高級脂肪酸とが確実に分離され、返送されるメタン発酵汚泥から遊離高級脂肪酸が除去されるので、前記メタン発酵槽における遊離高級脂肪酸濃度を低下することができる。   Thereby, methane fermentation sludge and free higher fatty acids are reliably separated and free higher fatty acids are removed from the returned methane fermentation sludge, so that the concentration of free higher fatty acids in the methane fermentation tank can be reduced.

下記にコーヒー粕の処理装置によるコーヒー粕の処理方法の遠心分離効果を実証する試験例を具体例をあげて詳述するが、本願は、下記構成に限定されるものではない。   Although the test example which demonstrates the centrifugal separation effect of the processing method of the coffee mash by the coffee mash processing apparatus is given and explained in full detail below, this application is not limited to the following structure.

〔試験例〕
＜試験汚泥＞
投入した汚泥：負荷１０ｋｇＣＯＤｃｒ／ｍ3発酵槽・日のメタン発酵槽からの汚泥
水分中の高級脂肪酸濃度：５０，０００ｐｐｍ（パルミチン酸換算） [Test example]
<Test sludge>
Sludge input: 10kg CODcr / m 3 fermenter / slurry from methane fermenter / day Higher fatty acid concentration in water: 50,000ppm (palmitic acid equivalent)

＜実験装置＞
２００ｍＬの遠心管４本を同時に分離できるアングルローター <Experimental equipment>
Angle rotor capable of separating four 200 mL centrifuge tubes simultaneously

＜遠心分離条件１＞
回転数（遠心力）：１５００回転（２０００ｇ）
時間：１０分間 <Centrifuge 1>
Number of revolutions (centrifugal force): 1500 revolutions (2000g)
Time: 10 minutes

＜結果＞
上記遠心分離条件１により遠心分離された汚泥の水分中には、１２，０００ｐｐｍの高級脂肪酸が含有されているにとどまり、これを返送循環することにより、メタン発酵槽内の高級脂肪酸濃度を低く維持することができることがわかった。 <Result>
The water content of the sludge centrifuged under the above centrifugal separation condition 1 contains only 12,000 ppm of higher fatty acid, and the higher fatty acid concentration in the methane fermenter is kept low by returning and circulating it. I found out that I can do it.

また、遠心分離条件を下記に変更して同様に実験した。   Further, the experiment was performed in the same manner by changing the centrifugation conditions as follows.

＜遠心分離条件２＞
ろ布つき上部排出型連続遠心機を用いて、メタン発酵槽体積の１／１０にあたる汚泥を毎日３０００回転（１５００ｇ）で遠心分離し、汚泥のみを返送する操作を繰り返したところ図２に示すようになり、５０日間で高級脂肪酸濃度が１０，０００ｐｐｍまで低下したのち、安定した。 <Centrifuge separation condition 2>
Using an upper discharge continuous centrifuge with a filter cloth, the sludge equivalent to 1/10 of the volume of the methane fermentation tank was centrifuged at 3000 rpm (1500 g) every day, and the operation of returning only the sludge was repeated as shown in FIG. After 50 days, the higher fatty acid concentration decreased to 10,000 ppm and became stable.

その結果、遠心分離条件は、高級脂肪酸塩の発生速度によって最適化が必要であると考えられるものの、メタン発酵槽体積の１／１０程度を処理することが好ましいことがわかった。   As a result, it was found that it is preferable to process about 1/10 of the volume of the methane fermenter, although the centrifugal separation condition is considered to be optimized depending on the generation rate of the higher fatty acid salt.

本発明は、廃棄処理困難であったコーヒー粕を高濃度メタン発酵に供することを可能とし、廃棄物のメタンガス変換による有効利用ができる。   INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY The present invention makes it possible to use coffee mash, which has been difficult to dispose of, for high-concentration methane fermentation, and can effectively use waste by converting methane gas.

１ ：可溶化槽
１０ ：混合槽
１１ ：加熱部
１２ ：ｐＨ調整部
２ ：メタン発酵槽
２０ ：処理槽
３ ：遠心分離部
３０ ：遠心分離装置
Ｌ１ ：受入路
Ｌ２ ：移送路
Ｌ３ ：引抜路
Ｌ４ ：引抜路
Ｌ５ ：メタン回収路
Ｌ６ ：返送路
Ｌ７ ：廃棄路 1: Solubilization tank 10: Mixing tank 11: Heating section 12: pH adjusting section 2: Methane fermentation tank 20: Treatment tank 3: Centrifugal section 30: Centrifugal device L1: Receiving path L2: Transfer path L3: Extraction path L4 : Extraction path L5: Methane recovery path L6: Return path L7: Waste path

Claims (5)

可溶化槽においてコーヒー粕含有処理液を嫌気性条件下に可溶化し、前記可溶化槽で可溶化したコーヒー粕含有処理液をメタン発酵槽においてメタン発酵し、前記メタン発酵槽から排出される処理液を遠心分離部で固液分離するとともに、
前記可溶化槽においてｐＨ調整部よりアルカリを添加して、メタン発酵槽のｐＨを調整しておき、前記メタン発酵槽で生成した遊離高級脂肪酸と汚泥とを、前記遠心分離部で液相に移行させて除去し、前記汚泥を前記メタン発酵槽に返送して、前記メタン発酵槽内の汚泥濃度を維持するコーヒー粕の処理方法。 A process for solubilizing the coffee cake-containing treatment liquid in the solubilization tank under anaerobic conditions, methane-fermenting the coffee cake-containing treatment liquid solubilized in the solubilization tank in the methane fermentation tank, and discharging from the methane fermentation tank While liquid is separated into solid and liquid in the centrifuge,
In the solubilization tank, alkali is added from the pH adjustment unit to adjust the pH of the methane fermentation tank, and the free higher fatty acid and sludge generated in the methane fermentation tank are transferred to the liquid phase in the centrifugal separation unit. And removing the sludge, returning the sludge to the methane fermentation tank, and maintaining the sludge concentration in the methane fermentation tank. 前記メタン発酵槽内の汚泥濃度を１〜１０％（Ｗ／Ｖ）に維持する請求項１に記載のコーヒー粕の処理方法。   The processing method of the coffee lees of Claim 1 which maintains the sludge density | concentration in the said methane fermentation tank to 1-10% (W / V). 前記遠心分離部は、メタン発酵槽における処理液を、遠心力１０００ｇでの滞留時間が５〜３０分の遠心分離条件で遠心分離する請求項１または２のコーヒー粕の処理方法。 The said centrifuge part is a processing method of the coffee koji of Claim 1 or 2 which centrifuges the process liquid in a methane fermenter on the centrifuge conditions for the residence time in 1000 g of centrifugal force for 5 to 30 minutes. 前記ｐＨ調整部によりメタン発酵槽内のｐＨを６．５〜８．５に維持する請求項１〜３のいずれか一項に記載のコーヒー粕の処理方法。   The processing method of the coffee lees as described in any one of Claims 1-3 which maintain pH in a methane fermenter at 6.5-8.5 by the said pH adjustment part. コーヒー粕含有処理液を嫌気性条件下に可溶化する可溶化槽を備えるとともに、前記可溶化槽で可溶化したコーヒー粕含有処理液をメタン発酵するメタン発酵槽を備え、
前記可溶化槽にアルカリを添加するｐＨ調整部を設け、前記メタン発酵槽から排出される処理液を遠心分離により固液分離する遠心分離部を設けるとともに、
前記可溶化槽で発生した遊離高級脂肪酸と汚泥とを、前記遠心分離部で分離して、前記遊離高級脂肪酸を液相に移行させて除去するとともに、前記汚泥を前記メタン発酵槽に返送する返送路を備えたコーヒー粕の処理装置。 A solubilization tank for solubilizing the coffee cake containing treatment liquid under anaerobic conditions, and a methane fermentation tank for methane fermentation of the coffee cake containing treatment liquid solubilized in the solubilization tank,
While providing a pH adjustment unit for adding alkali to the solubilization tank, and providing a centrifuge unit for solid-liquid separation of the treatment liquid discharged from the methane fermentation tank by centrifugation,
The free higher fatty acid and sludge generated in the solubilization tank are separated by the centrifugal separator, the free higher fatty acid is transferred to the liquid phase and removed, and the sludge is returned to the methane fermentation tank. Processing device for coffee candy with road.
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