JP2013184531A - Small observation buoy system - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To achieve a reduction in size of an observation buoy 1 as well as a reduction in weight of a mooring line A, because impact energy of a series of objects to be moored can be suppressed and specifications of the optimum submerged mooring line A can be determined by three dimensional numerical calculation by a lumped mass method.SOLUTION: An observation buoy 1 is disposed at the center, a marker buoy 2 is disposed outside the observation buoy 1 via intermediate floats 3, and floats 4 at both ends are disposed further outside thereof. The mooring line A is installed in a direction perpendicular to a wave direction of excessive external force during stormy weather. The floats 4 at both ends, the marker buoy 2, the intermediate floats 3, and the observation buoy 1 are submerged in this order, and a two-point mooring line is transformed from a trapezoidal shape to an inverted V shape in the water. A balanced state of a small observation buoy system S such as the shape and tension of the mooring line A is calculated by three dimensional numerical calculation by a lumped mass method, and specifications of the optimum submerged mooring line A are determined with an external force threshold from these values.

Description

  The present invention relates to a small observation buoy system installed in a coastal fishing ground or other sea area, and more particularly to an apparatus capable of submerging a mooring object together with a mooring line against an excessive external force during stormy weather.

  Conventional mooring observation buoys generally transmit observation data at all times without being submerged during winter and other stormy weather when the sea conditions are severe.

Japanese Patent No. 3638497 (claims, FIG. 5 etc.)

JP 2011-142878 A (Claims, FIG. 1 etc.)

Japanese Patent Laying-Open No. 2003-52273 (Claims, FIG. 3, etc.)

JP 2010-24616 A (Claims, FIG. 1 etc.)

  Therefore, because it must endure in stormy weather, the observation buoy itself must be enlarged to increase durability, and the buoyant body naturally grows because people need to transfer and maintain it. I had to install it on a crane carrier.

  Since it is expensive to use a crane carrier, the initial construction cost ratio becomes extremely large, and the total cost increases significantly. These are disadvantages of conventional observation buoys, and downsizing of observation buoys and mooring devices is strongly desired. If the observation buoy and mooring device can be reduced in size and weight, it can be installed on an inexpensive small ship, which is extremely convenient. However, it is necessary to downsize the observation buoy and mooring device while maintaining the durability of the mooring line.

  Therefore, the inventors have come up with the idea that if the target buoy can be submerged when an excessive external force is applied to the buoy system during stormy weather, the target buoy and its mooring device can be reduced in size and weight. . As a result of intensive studies, the present invention has been completed.

  In the present invention, the target buoy and its mooring device are submerged and re-levitated. As similar techniques, a floating buoy (for example, refer to Patent Document 1), a floating buoy (for example, Patent Documents 2 and 3), and floating oil fences (for example, see Patent Document 4). However, all of these are for raising and lowering buoys, ginger, and oil fences by air supply / exhaust operations, and are completely different from the method of the present invention.

In other words, in the present invention, the observation buoy, the marker buoy, the intermediate float, and the float at both ends are arranged in a series of trapezoidal two-point mooring lines consisting of a main mooring rope and two anchor ropes on the left and right sides. The above-mentioned series of moorings are submerged.
In such a case, when an excessive external force acts on the small observation buoy system in stormy weather, the target buoy and the mooring line can be reduced in size by submerging the target buoy.

The observation buoy is placed in the center, both end floats are placed at both ends of this observation buoy, and a marker buoy and an intermediate float are placed between the observation buoys and both end floats. The mooring line thus formed is preferably submerged in order from the end side of the series of moorings, and the two-point mooring line is deformed from a trapezoidal shape to an inverted V shape in water. The arrangement of the marker buoy and the intermediate float may be interchanged.
According to this small observation buoy system, mooring lines installed at right angles to the direction of waves of excessive external forces during stormy weather can be gradually submerged in order from the end side of a series of moorings. Since the two-point mooring line can be deformed from a trapezoidal shape to an inverted V shape, the impact energy of a series of moorings can be suppressed.

The observation buoy is equipped with a Doppler-type flow direction velocimeter, GPS wave meter, and wireless communication device for measuring external force, and the flow including the surface water temperature and water pressure measured by the flow direction velocimeter while the observation buoy is submerged. Determine whether the observation buoy is submerged by recognizing that the GPS wave meter is underwater when the observation buoy is submerged and the wave data measured by the GPS wave meter is not communicated It is preferable that the external force value at the time of submergence, that is, the values of flow velocity, flow direction and wave height, wave period, and wave direction can be grasped.
According to this small observation buoy system, the flow direction data including surface water temperature and water pressure while the observation buoy is submerged can be measured by the flow direction anemometer installed in the observation buoy. By recognizing that the GPS wave meter is underwater and the wave data measured by the GPS wave meter is not communicated, it is further determined whether or not the observation buoy installed in the sea area is submerged. External force values at the time, that is, each value of flow velocity, flow direction and wave height, wave period, wave direction can be grasped accurately and in real time, and at the same time, it can be determined whether the observation buoy is working correctly. .
Also, the external force range value when the target buoy is submerged is known, and if it is submerged below the design value, it is considered that the submergence has been accelerated due to the increase in line resistance due to the attachment of organisms and drifting objects, and whether or not the deposit removal work is necessary. I can judge. This is because the wave and flow external force values immediately before the target buoy submerged can be measured with a GPS wave meter and a flow direction velocimeter, and it can be determined that the above phenomenon has been submerged with a higher external force.

  The main mooring rope for mooring the observation buoy and the marker buoy is preferably stretched horizontally along the water surface. In such a case, the tension drawn downward can be reduced and the submerged load is reduced, so that the buoyancy body of the target buoy can be reduced in size.

  It is preferable to install the two-point mooring line in a direction perpendicular to the wave direction of excessive external force during stormy weather. In such a case, it is possible to prevent the shocking external force of the wave, which is a fluctuating load, from acting on the small observation buoy system, particularly on the mooring line, during stormy weather.

  It is preferable to use an elastic rope for the mooring line and adjust the initial tension of the rope. In this case, by adjusting the initial tension of the elastic rope, it is possible to adjust the submergence limit of the target buoy and improve the impact durability of the mooring line.

  It is preferable to adjust the tension of the mooring line by adjusting the distance between the left and right weights between the two points of the mooring line. In this case, the tension of the mooring line can be easily adjusted.

  It is preferable to adjust the tension of the mooring line by adjusting the length of the main mooring rope and the anchor rope. In this case, the tension of the mooring line can be easily adjusted by a method other than the method of adjusting the distance between the left and right weights between the two points of the mooring line.

  The mooring line tension is preferably adjusted by increasing or decreasing the intermediate float and the floats at both ends, or by changing the size of both floats. In this case, the mooring line tension can be easily adjusted by the mooring line buoyancy variable system.

  It is preferable to adjust the mooring line buoyancy by arranging the observation buoy in the center with respect to the main mooring rope, arranging the marker buoys through the intermediate float on the outside of this observation buoy, and further distributing the floats at both ends on the outside. . In this case, mooring line buoyancy can be distributed, so that when an excessive external force is applied to the small observation buoy system in stormy weather, the observation buoy, beacon buoy, intermediate float, and float at both ends are gradually It can be submerged to reduce impact energy.

  Both end floats are preferably formed of a series of floats with small buoyancy. In this case, since a series of floats with small buoyancy can be gradually submerged, the impact energy can be suppressed by gradually submerging the mooring line while drawing an arc while extending the submergence time.

  It is preferable to adjust the mooring line buoyancy by changing the specific gravity and thickness of the main mooring rope. In this case, the mooring line buoyancy can be easily adjusted simply by changing the specific gravity and thickness of the main mooring rope.

  Calculate the shape of the mooring line, the tension, the buoyancy of the target buoy, and the equilibrium state of the small observation buoy system by three-dimensional numerical calculation using the ramped mass method, and the specifications of the optimal mooring line that is submerged at the external force threshold from these values Can be determined. In this case, the optimal mooring line specifications that can be submerged can be determined by three-dimensional numerical calculation using the ramped mass method, so that not only the target buoy can be made smaller, but also the mooring line can be made thinner. Is also possible.

  The observation buoy is equipped with a Doppler flow direction current meter, a GPS wave meter, and a wireless communication device for measuring external force. Flow data including surface temperature and water pressure measured by the Doppler flow direction current meter is a GPS wave meter. It is preferable to transmit to the base station via the mobile phone line or satellite communication together with the wave data observed by. In this case, the Doppler flow direction velocimeter mounted on the observation buoy allows easy observation of flow data including surface water temperature and water pressure, and the GPS wave meter mounted on the observation buoy. Thus, the wave data can be observed, so that the flow state data and the wave data can be transmitted to the base station in real time by a mobile phone line or satellite communication. Therefore, it is possible to accurately grasp the values of flow velocity, flow direction and wave height, wave period, and wave direction, which are excessive external forces during stormy weather, and it is possible to support efficient judgment as to whether or not to go to the sea area such as fishing. As a result, it can greatly contribute to countermeasures against rising fuel oil in fishing boats and the like.

  It is preferable that the observation buoy has a structure and function that can withstand submergence, and that data is stored in a memory in the buoy while the observation buoy is submerged so that it can be transmitted at the time of resurfacing. In this case, it is very convenient because the flow condition data observed by the observation buoy installed in the sea area can be distributed when the observation buoy resurfaces.

  According to the first aspect of the present invention, when an excessive external force is applied to the small observation buoy system in stormy weather, the target buoy and the mooring line can be reduced in size by submerging the target buoy.

  According to invention of Claim 2, the mooring line installed in the direction orthogonal to the wave direction of the excessive external force at the time of stormy weather can be gradually submerged in order from the end side of a series of moorings, Since the two-point mooring line can be deformed from a trapezoidal shape to an inverted V shape, the impact energy of a series of moorings can be suppressed.

According to the invention described in claim 3, the flow direction current meter including the surface water temperature and water pressure while the observation buoy is submerged can be measured by the flow direction anemometer mounted on the observation buoy, and the observation buoy is submerged. By recognizing that the GPS wave meter is underwater and the wave data measured by the GPS wave meter is not communicated, it is further determined whether or not the observation buoy installed in the sea area is submerged. External force values at the time, that is, each value of flow velocity, flow direction and wave height, wave period, wave direction can be grasped accurately and in real time, and at the same time, it can be determined whether the observation buoy is working correctly. .
Also, the external force range value when the target buoy is submerged is known, and if it is submerged below the design value, it is considered that the submergence has been accelerated due to the increase in line resistance due to the attachment of organisms and drifting objects, and whether or not the deposit removal work is necessary. I can judge.

  According to the invention of claim 4, by stretching the main mooring rope mooring the observation buoy and the marker buoy along the water surface in the horizontal direction, the tension drawn downward can be reduced, and the submerged load is reduced. The buoyancy body of the target buoy can be miniaturized.

  According to the fifth aspect of the present invention, it is possible to prevent the shocking external force of the wave, which is a fluctuating load, from acting on the small observation buoy system, particularly on the mooring line, during stormy weather.

  According to the invention described in claim 6, by adjusting the initial tension of the elastic rope, it is possible to adjust the submergence limit of the target buoy and improve the impact durability of the mooring line.

  According to invention of Claim 7, the tension | tensile_strength of a mooring line can be adjusted easily.

  According to the invention described in claim 8, the tension of the mooring line can be easily adjusted by a method other than the method of adjusting the distance between the left and right weights between the two points of the mooring line.

  According to the invention of claim 9, the mooring line tension can be easily adjusted by the mooring line buoyancy variable system.

  According to the tenth aspect of the present invention, the observation buoy is arranged in the center with respect to the main mooring rope, the marker buoy is disposed outside the observation buoy via the intermediate float, and the both end floats are sequentially distributed on the outer side. The mooring line buoyancy can be distributed, so that when an excessive external force is applied to the small observation buoy system in stormy weather, the observation buoy, the marker buoy, the intermediate float, and the float at both ends are gradually submerged and the impact energy Can be suppressed.

  According to the invention of claim 11, since a series of floats with small buoyancy can be gradually submerged, the impact energy can be suppressed by gradually submerging the mooring line as if drawing an arc while extending the submergence time. .

According to the invention described in claim 12, the mooring line buoyancy can be easily adjusted only by changing the specific gravity and thickness of the main mooring rope.

  According to the invention of claim 13, since the specification of the optimum mooring line to be submerged can be determined by three-dimensional numerical calculation by the ramped mass method, not only can the target buoy be downsized, but also the mooring line can be narrowed. The mooring line can be reduced in weight.

  According to the invention described in claim 14, the flow state data including the surface water temperature and the water pressure can be easily measured by the Doppler type flow direction anemometer mounted on the observation buoy, and the GPS mounted on the observation buoy. Since the wave data can be observed by the wave meter, the flow data and the wave data can be transmitted to the base station in real time by a mobile phone line or satellite communication. Therefore, it is possible to accurately grasp the values of flow velocity, flow direction and wave height, wave period, and wave direction, which are excessive external forces during stormy weather, and it is possible to support efficient judgment as to whether or not to go to the sea area such as fishing. As a result, it can greatly contribute to countermeasures against rising fuel oil in fishing boats and the like.

  According to the fifteenth aspect of the present invention, since the sea state data observed by the observation buoy installed in the sea area can be distributed when the observation buoy resurfaces, it is very convenient.

It is the schematic which shows the mooring state of the small observation buoy system by this invention. It is an image figure which shows the mooring state of the small observation buoy system by this invention, and also shows the condition where the series of moorings of the small observation buoy system were submerged with the excessive external force at the time of stormy weather. It is a front view which shows an example of the observation buoy used for the small observation buoy system by this invention. It is a front view which shows an example of the marker buoy used for the small observation buoy system by this invention. Demonstrate mass distribution for a small observation buoy system It is a principle figure at the time of assuming that the mass points of a mooring line are connected with the linear spring without dead weight in the ramped mass method. It is a figure which shows the coordinate of the mass point j in FIG. It is a figure which shows a coordinate at the time of assuming that the line of the vicinity of the mass point j is a straight line. It is a principle figure which shows simplification of the shape of an intermediate | middle float. It is a principle figure which shows simplification of the shape of a both-ends float. It is a principle figure which shows simplification of the shape of a marker buoy. It is a principle figure which shows the state of the external force used for the three-dimensional numerical calculation by the ramped mass method, (a) shows a coordinate system, (b) shows tidal velocity, and (c) shows blowing flow. It is a graph showing the tension | tensile_strength and inclination | tilt angle (solid angle) of a mooring line when there is no external force. It is a graph which shows the mooring state of a small observation buoy system when the external force shown in FIG. 12 is applied. It is a graph showing the tension | tensile_strength and inclination | tilt angle (solid angle) of a mooring line when the external force shown in FIG. 12 is added. It is a graph which shows the mooring state of a small observation buoy system at the time of applying the external force shown in FIG. It is a graph showing the tension | tensile_strength and inclination | tilt angle (solid angle) of a mooring line at the time of applying the external force shown in FIG.

An example of a small observation buoy system according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing a mooring state of a small observation buoy system S according to the present invention, and FIG. 2 is an image diagram thereof. A series of moorings of the small observation buoy system S are submerged due to an excessive external force during stormy weather. The situation is also shown.

A small observation buoy system S according to the present invention is installed in a coastal fishing ground or other sea area (the sea area at a water depth Dm in FIGS. 1 and 5, for example, a sea area at D = 50 m). 2, the intermediate float 3 and the floats 4 at both ends are arranged in a series with a trapezoidal two-point mooring line A composed of a main mooring rope 5 and two anchor ropes 6 on the left and right.
The two left and right anchor ropes 6 and 6 are moored to two sinkers 7 and 7 that are set on the seabed B at a predetermined distance (distance between sinkers: W in FIG. 1). The method is so-called two-point mooring. Here, a case where a sandbag is used as the weight 7 is illustrated.

The mooring state shown here will be described in more detail. The observation buoy 1 is arranged in the center, the marker buoy 2 is arranged outside the observation buoy 1 through the intermediate float 3, and the both-end float 4 is arranged outside the observation buoy. Moored at. However, the arrangement of the marker buoy 2 and the intermediate float 3 may be interchanged. Then, the main mooring rope 5 for mooring the observation buoy 1 and the marker buoy 2 is stretched horizontally along the water surface.
Further, as shown in FIG. 2, the trapezoidal two-point mooring line A is arranged in a direction perpendicular to the wave external force direction. That is, as shown in the figure, the trapezoidal two-point mooring line A is arranged so as to be perpendicular to the wave direction. Note that the trapezoidal two-point mooring line A is arranged in parallel with the tidal current.

The observation buoy 1 shown in FIG. 3 is a small buoyancy body 1a having a diameter d ₁ = 1 m and an overall height h ₁ = 1.4 m, and is equipped with a Doppler-type flow direction velocimeter 1b. The flow direction including the surface water temperature of the sea area where the observation buoy 1 is installed can be easily observed by the flow direction anemometer 1b. The observation buoy 1 is equipped with a GPS antenna 1c, a cellular phone line antenna 1d, and an iridium communication antenna 1e, and the flow data is wave data observed by a GPS wave meter (not shown). In addition, it can be transmitted to the base station in real time by a cellular phone line or Iridium communication satellite communication. Therefore, it is possible to accurately grasp the flow velocity and the waves that are excessive external forces during stormy weather, and it is possible to support efficient judgment as to whether or not to go to the sea area such as fishing. As a result, it can greatly contribute to countermeasures against rising fuel oil in fishing boats and the like.
In FIG. 3, reference numeral 1f is a solar panel, 1g is a marker lamp, 1h is a battery, 1i is a storage container, and a wireless communication device is stored therein.

The sign buoy 2 shown in FIG. 4 is a small buoyancy body 2c with a diameter d ₂ = 30 cm and an overall height h ₂ = 90 cm, and is provided with a sign lamp 2a. It informs the navigating vessel that the small observation buoy system S is moored, and helps to prevent the mooring line A, that is, the main mooring rope 5 and the anchor rope 6 from being cut. Due to the miniaturization of the small observation buoy system S, the sign buoy 2 is allowed to be submerged during stormy weather, but it is considered that there is no vessel navigation during stormy weather, so there is little risk of cutting the mooring line A.
The observation buoy 1 and the sign buoy 2 are provided with solar panels 1f and 2b, respectively, so that various devices can be operated by solar power generation.
In FIG. 4, reference numeral 2c is a buoyant body, and 2d is a mooring ring.

By the way, the small observation buoy system S according to the present invention has a series of moorings, that is, the observation buoy 1 and the marker buoy 2 as the target buoy, and the intermediate float 3 against the flow velocity and the waves that are excessive external forces in stormy weather. And both ends float 4 are submerged, and this point should be the gist of the present invention.
When an excessive external force is applied to the small observation buoy system S during stormy weather, the target buoy and the mooring line A can be reduced in size by submerging the target buoy, for example, the observation buoy 1, the marker buoy 2, and the like. .

  As described above, the observation buoy 1 is equipped with the Doppler flow direction anemometer 1b, the GPS wave meter (not shown) and the wireless communication device (not shown), and the Doppler type flow direction anemometer while the observation buoy 1 is submerged. Recognize that the flow data including the surface water temperature and water pressure measured in 1b and the GPS wave data measured by the GPS wave meter are not communicated when the observation buoy 1 is submerged and the GPS wave meter is underwater Thus, it can be determined whether or not the observation buoy 1 is submerged, and external force values at the time of submergence, that is, values of flow velocity, flow direction and wave height, wave period, and wave direction can be grasped.

  According to this small observation buoy system S, flow rate data such as surface water temperature and water pressure can be measured while the observation buoy 1 is submerged by the Doppler flow direction velocimeter 1b mounted on the observation buoy 1. When the observation buoy 1 is submerged, the observation buoy 1 installed in the sea area is submerged by recognizing that the GPS wave meter is underwater and the wave data measured by the GPS wave meter is not communicated. It is possible to determine whether the observation buoy 1 is operating accurately, and whether or not the observation buoy 1 is operating accurately.

  The observation buoy 1 can be further equipped with a wind direction anemometer in addition to the above-described Doppler flow direction anemometer 1b and GPS wave meter. If an anemometer is further installed in observation buoy 1, in addition to the above data, the wind direction and wind speed data measured by the wind direction anemometer can be grasped, so the wind direction and wind speed value, which is another value of the external force when submerged, is also accurate. Can grasp.

  Also, the external force range value when the target buoy is submerged is known, and if it is submerged below the design value, it is considered that the submergence has been accelerated due to the increase in line resistance due to the attachment of organisms and drifting objects, and whether or not the deposit removal work is necessary. I can judge. This is because the wave and flow external force values immediately before the target buoy submerged can be measured with the GPS wave meter and the Doppler flow direction velocimeter 1b, and it can be determined that the above phenomenon has been submerged with a higher external force. .

  In the above case, know the shape of the mooring line A, the tension, the buoyancy of the observation buoy 1 and the marker buoy 2, the intermediate float 3 and the float 4 at the both ends, and the equilibrium state of the other small observation buoy system S. The optimum mooring line A that is submerged at an external force threshold value from the value of is determined. For example, the tension value based on the shape of the mooring line A, the tension value of the main mooring rope 5 based on the buoyancy of the intermediate float 3, the tension value of the anchor rope 6 based on the buoyancy of the floats 4 at both ends, The optimal mooring line A that knows the parameters (factors / elements) such as the buoyancy of the observation buoy 1 and the marker buoy 2 and the intermediate float 3 and the floats 4 at both ends, and submerges them with the external force threshold from those values. Determine the specifications.

  As illustrated here, the observation buoy 1 is centered, and both end floats 4 are arranged at both ends of the observation buoy 1, and the marker buoy 2 and the intermediate float 3 are arranged between the observation buoy 1 and both end floats 4. The main mooring rope 5 mooring the observation buoy 1 and the marker buoy 2 is stretched horizontally along the water surface, and the trapezoidal two-point mooring line A is perpendicular to the wave external force direction. When an excessive external force is applied to the small observation buoy system S during stormy weather, it can be gradually submerged in order from the end side of a series of inclined objects, as indicated by the arrows in FIG. In this way, the two-point mooring line A can be deformed from a trapezoidal shape to an inverted V shape in water. Therefore, the impact energy of a series of moorings, that is, the observation buoy 1, the sign buoy 2, the intermediate float 3, the double-end float 4, the main mooring rope 5, etc. can be suppressed.

Further, by stretching the main mooring rope 5 for mooring the observation buoy 1 and the marker buoy 2 along the water surface in the horizontal direction, the tension drawn downward can be reduced and the submerged load is reduced. The buoyancy body of the observation buoy 1 and the marker buoy 2 can be reduced in size.

  Furthermore, as shown in FIG. 2, since the two-point mooring line A is installed in a direction perpendicular to the wave external force direction, it is a variable load on the small observation buoy system S, particularly on the mooring line A, during stormy weather. The shocking external force of waves can be prevented from acting.

  It is preferable to use an elastic rope for the mooring line A, that is, the main mooring rope 5 and the anchor rope 6, and adjust the initial tension of the rope. By adjusting the initial tension of the elastic rope, the submergence limit of the target buoy, that is, the observation buoy 1 and the marker buoy 2 can be adjusted, and the impact durability of the mooring line A can be improved.

  The distance between the left and right weights 7 and 7 between two points of the two-point mooring line A (drawing symbol W in FIG. 1) can be adjusted. By this adjustment, the tension of the mooring line A can be easily adjusted.

  The tension of the mooring line A can be adjusted by adjusting the lengths of the main mooring rope 5 and the anchor rope 6. In this case, the tension of the mooring line A can be easily adjusted by a method other than the method of adjusting the distance between the left and right weights 7 and 7 between the two points of the mooring line A. .

  The tension of the mooring line A can be adjusted by increasing / decreasing the intermediate float 3 and the floats 4 at both ends, or changing the sizes of the floats 3 and 4. The tension of the mooring line A can be easily adjusted by this mooring line buoyancy variable system.

  An observation buoy 1 is arranged in the center with respect to the main mooring rope 5, a marker buoy 2 is arranged outside the observation buoy 1 via an intermediate float 3, and both end floats 4 are sequentially distributed outside the observation buoy 1. Buoyancy can be adjusted. In this case, the buoyancy of the mooring line A can be distributed. Therefore, when an excessive external force is applied to the small observation buoy system S in stormy weather, the impact energy can be suppressed by gradually submerging the marker buoy 2, the intermediate float 3, and the both-end float 4.

  Both end floats 4 can be formed of a series of floats with small buoyancy. In this case, a series of floats 4 'and 4' having a small buoyancy can be gradually submerged, so that the mooring line A gradually submerges as the arc is drawn while extending the submergence time. Can be suppressed.

  The buoyancy of the mooring line A can be adjusted by changing the specific gravity and thickness of the main mooring rope 5. Thus, the buoyancy of the mooring line A can be easily adjusted by simply changing the specific gravity and thickness of the main mooring rope 5.

  The observation buoy 1 has a structure and function that can withstand submergence, and while the observation buoy 1 is submerged, data is stored in a memory in the buoy 1 so that it can be transmitted at the time of resurfacing. Therefore, since the sea condition data observed by the observation buoy 1 installed in the sea area can be distributed when the observation buoy 1 is resurfaced, it is very convenient.

  As described above, the shape of the mooring line A, the tension, the observation buoy 1, the marker buoy 2, the intermediate float 3, the buoyancy of the both-end float 4, and other equilibrium states of the small observation buoy system S are obtained by three-dimensional numerical calculation by the ramped mass method. Calculate and determine the optimum mooring line specifications that will be submerged by the external force threshold value from these values. In this case, since the optimum mooring line specifications to be submerged can be determined by the three-dimensional numerical calculation by the ramped mass method, the target buoy, that is, the observation buoy 1, the marker buoy 2, the intermediate float 3, the both-end float 4 Since the mooring line A can be thinned, the mooring line A can be reduced in weight.

  Next, the shape of the mooring line A, tension, observation buoy 1, indicator buoy 2, intermediate float 3, buoyancy of both floats 4, and other equilibrium states of the small observation buoy system S are calculated by three-dimensional numerical calculation by the ramped mass method. A method for predicting / determining the optimum mooring line submerged by the external force threshold value from these values will be described in detail.

Table 1 shows the main elements of the mooring line A used in this case. Here, a rope having elasticity made of synthetic fiber is used as the mooring line A, that is, the main mooring rope 5 and the anchor rope 6, and the main mooring rope 5 of the mooring line A has a specific gravity of 1.0 or less. As the anchor rope 6, one having a specific gravity of 1.0 or more was selected and used.
The small observation buoy system S is regularly maintained, so the impact of biofouling is considered to be small. For example, behavior prediction when serious biofouling occurs at a depth of less than 1/2 of the water depth D = 50 m is also possible. It will be done together.

  Here, a static equilibrium state of a mooring state with respect to an external force such as a tidal current is calculated by a ramped mass method. The ramped mass method is an effective method for analysis when the diameter of the component is small and the rigidity is small compared to the length. The main mooring rope 5 and the anchor rope 6 are decomposed into a finite number of elements. This is a method in which the mass and the external force of an element are modeled by a “mass system” in which the masses are concentrated on the mass points, and these mass points are connected by a spring having no mass, and the behavior of each mass point is solved by the difference method.

The mass point arrangement for the small buoy system S is shown in FIG. In the ramped mass method, the mooring line A consists of a plurality of mass points as shown in FIG. 6, and it is approximated that the mass points are connected by a linear spring having no self weight. It is assumed that the mooring line A is subjected to fluid force such as drag and gravity, but these forces are concentrated on each mass point. F _Dj is the drag, and δ _j is the weight in water of the mass point j. Further, since the mass points are connected by a line approximating a linear spring, tensions T _j and T _j-1 are applied to the mass point j. Note that L _j is the distance between mass points.
In FIG. 6, when the mass point j is extracted and the coordinates are determined as shown in FIG. 7, the equilibrium state of the mass point j is expressed by the following equations (1) and (2).

  As shown in FIG. 8, when the mooring line A in the vicinity of the mass point j is approximated to be a straight line, the drag applied to the mooring line A is obtained by the following equations (3) to (6).

Here, ρ is the seawater density, D _j is the line diameter of the mooring line A, C _Dnj , C _Dtj are the normal direction drag coefficient, the tangential drag coefficient, u _xj , u _yj , u _zj are the velocity of the mass (fluid and fluid Relative speed).

Since the position of each mass point is obtained by the following equation (7), the equation (1) and the constraint equation x ₂₁ = 310.18 m (distance between the weights 7 and 7: W) for each mass point, y ₂₁ = 0.0 , Z ₂₁ = 0.0 can be solved simultaneously to obtain the equilibrium state (the shape of the mooring line A, the tension, etc.) of the small observation buoy system S.

  In FIG. 5, mass points 8, 10, 12, and 14 are mass points that represent the intermediate float 3, mass points 7 and 15 are mass points that represent the 16-sided float 4, mass points 9 and 13 are mass points that represent the sign buoy 2, The mass point 11 is a mass point representing the observation buoy 1, and the buoyancy and drag change depending on the amount of submersion of the float buoy. That is, for the mass points 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, and 15, buoyancy and drag according to the amount of submergence calculated from the position of the mass point is added to the equation (2).

Therefore, in order to simplify the calculation of buoyancy and drag, the shape shown in FIGS. 9 to 11 is simplified (for the observation buoy 1, the buoyancy body 1a portion is cylindrical, so the shape can be simplified. not going).
By simplifying complex shapes into cylinders, buoyancy and drag can be calculated easily. However, attention should be paid to the mass points 7 and 15. This is because, as in the case of other mass points, when the flow state is monitored at the mass point position, the drag force caused by the blowing flow becomes zero in calculation when the submergence amount is large. Therefore, the float portion exposed to the blowing flow should be calculated according to the amount of submergence and the drag due to the blowing flow should be taken into account.

  In addition, the intermediate float 3, observation buoy 1 and marker buoy 2 may be regarded as mass points ignoring the size, but the floats 4 at both ends of the mass points 7 and 15 are 16 stations, so It cannot be ignored. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 5, virtual mooring lines a that match the length of 16 floats are added to both sides of the mass points 7 and 15. For the drag coefficient, as shown in the figure, a value corresponding to the original shape is used.

  FIG. 12 shows the state of the external force used for the calculation. The observation buoy 1 is not submerged and it is required to send observation data even in the state of wind at a tidal velocity of 0.5 m / sec and a wind speed of 30 m / sec. %) And replaced with external force.

As the mooring line is laid along the main tidal current direction of the installation sea area, the direction of the drag is ψ ₁ = 0 deg, ψ ₂ = 90 deg. In addition, it is required that the weight 7 does not move and the mooring line A does not break with respect to a maximum tidal velocity of 0.7 m / sec and a maximum wind velocity of 60 m / sec (maximum blowing flow of 1.8 m / sec). And

Next, mooring state prediction calculation by the ramped mass method will be described.
First, the line length of the anchor rope 7 was adjusted so that two floats 4 at both ends were submerged in the absence of external force. If the line is not tensioned to some extent in the absence of external force, there is a risk that the mooring line A will get tangled.

  This purpose is to theoretically support the design of the small observation buoy system S so that the mooring line A does not break under the maximum external force and the weight 7 does not move under the maximum external force.

  The mooring state of the small observation buoy system S is shown in FIG. 2, and the tension / inclination angle (solid angle) of the mooring line A is shown in FIG. It was found that when the length L of the anchor rope 6 is L = 124.61 m, two floats 4 at both ends are submerged. In this case, the tension at the weight 7 position was 69 kg.

  Next, the mooring state when the external force shown in FIG. 12 is applied is shown in FIG. 14, and the tension / inclination angle (solid angle) of the mooring line A is shown in FIG. Among the floats 4 at both ends, 12 floats indicated by numeral 7 in FIG. 5 and 11 floats indicated by numeral 15 in FIG. 5 are submerged, and the marker buoy 2 is also submerged, but the observation buoy 1 is not submerged. The tension at the position of the weight sink 7 is 684 kg, which is 10 times that when there is no external force.

  FIG. 16 shows the mooring state when maintenance is neglected and biofouling occurs. Of the floats 4 at both ends, all the floats indicated by numeral 7 in FIG. 5 are submerged by 15 floats indicated by numeral 15 in FIG. 5, and the marker buoy 2 is also submerged, but the observation buoy 1 is not submerged, and the observation data Can be sent. However, since all the sign buoys 2 are submerged, the risk of breaking the mooring line A by the ship increases, which is not preferable. It turns out that frequent maintenance is important. It was also found that the tension at the position of the weight sink 7 increased to 827 kg as shown in FIG.

  When biofouling occurred, both observation buoy 1 and marker buoy 2 were submerged. However, the depth of the dive is small and the target buoy will not collapse. The tension at the position of the sink weight 7 is also maximum at 996 kg. However, it has also been found that the sink weight 7 has a sufficient gripping force even in this case, and the small observation buoy system S is designed not to flow.

As described above, the performance was evaluated by calculating the mooring state under external force by the three-dimensional numerical calculation by the ramped mass method, and the following conclusions could be obtained.
(1) The target buoy can be miniaturized by submerging the observation buoy 1 without overdoing it during stormy weather.
(2) By adjusting the number of submerged buoys 4 shown in FIG. 1 according to the line length of the anchor rope 6, the relationship between the magnitude of the external force and the submerged condition of the observation buoy 1 can be controlled.
(3) The impact of biofouling on the mooring state is very large and requires frequent maintenance.

  As in the present invention, the shape of the mooring line A, the tension, the observation buoy 1, the indicator buoy 2, the intermediate float 3, the buoyancy of the two-end float 4, and other equilibrium states of the small observation buoy system S by three-dimensional numerical calculation by the ramped mass method. And determine the optimum mooring line specifications that will be submerged by the external force threshold from those values, and determine the optimal mooring line specifications that will be submerged by three-dimensional numerical calculation using the ramped mass method. Can do. Therefore, not only can the target buoy, that is, the observation buoy 1, the sign buoy 2, the intermediate float 3, and the double-end float 4 be reduced in size, but the mooring line A can be made thinner, so that the mooring line A can be reduced in weight. can do.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Observation buoy, 1b ... Doppler velocimeter, 1c ... GPS antenna, 1d ... Cell-phone line antenna, 1e ... Iridium communication antenna, 2 ... Sign buoy, 2a ... Mark light, 3 ... Intermediate float, 4 ... Both ends float, 5 ... main mooring rope, 6 ... anchor rope, 7 ... sinking, A ... two-point mooring line, B ... seabed, S ... small observation buoy system.

Claims (15)

  The observation buoy, the marker buoy, the intermediate float, and the floats at both ends are aligned with a trapezoidal two-point mooring line consisting of a main mooring rope and two anchor ropes on the left and right. Small observation buoy system characterized by submersion.   Centered on the observation buoy, floats at both ends of the observation buoy, and an intermediate float and a marker buoy between the observation buoy and the floats at both ends, and placed perpendicular to the wave direction of excessive external force during stormy weather 2. The small observation buoy system according to claim 1, wherein the mooring line is submerged in order from the end side of the series of moorings, and the two-point mooring line is deformed from trapezoidal shape to an inverted V shape in water.   Current flow including surface water temperature and water pressure measured by flow direction anemometer while observation buoy is equipped with Doppler type flow direction current meter, GPS wave meter and wireless communication device to measure external force on observation buoy Determine whether the observation buoy is submerged by recognizing that the data and the wave data measured by the GPS wave meter are not communicated when the observation buoy is submerged. The small observation buoy system according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the external force value at the time of submergence, that is, each value of flow velocity, flow direction and wave height, wave period, and wave direction can be grasped.   3. The small observation buoy system according to claim 1, wherein a main mooring rope for mooring the observation buoy and the marker buoy is stretched horizontally along the water surface.   The small observation buoy system according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the two-point mooring line is installed in a direction perpendicular to the wave direction of excessive external force during stormy weather.   3. The small observation buoy system according to claim 1 or 2, wherein an elastic rope is used for the mooring line to adjust an initial tension of the rope.   6. The small observation buoy according to claim 1, wherein the tension of the mooring line is adjusted by adjusting the distance between the left and right weights between the two points of the mooring line. system.   2. The small observation buoy system according to claim 1, wherein the tension of the mooring line is adjusted by adjusting the lengths of the main mooring rope and the anchor rope.   3. The small observation buoy system according to claim 1, wherein the mooring line tension is adjusted by increasing / decreasing the intermediate float, the float at both ends, or changing the size of both floats.   The buoyancy of the mooring line is adjusted by arranging the observation buoy in the center with respect to the main mooring rope, placing the marker buoy on the outside of this observation buoy via an intermediate float, and further distributing the floats on both sides of the buoy. The small observation buoy system according to claim 1 or 2.   The small observation buoy system according to any one of 1, 2, 9, and 10, wherein the floats at both ends are formed of a series of floats having a small buoyancy.   9. A small observation buoy system according to claim 1, wherein the mooring line buoyancy is adjusted by changing the specific gravity and thickness of the main mooring rope.   Calculate the shape of the mooring line, the tension, the buoyancy of the target buoy, and the equilibrium state of the small observation buoy system by three-dimensional numerical calculation using the ramped mass method, and the specifications of the optimal mooring line that is submerged at the external force threshold from these values The small observation buoy system according to claim 1 or 2, wherein:   The observation buoy is equipped with a Doppler-type current velocimeter, GPS wave meter, and wireless communication device. Flow data including surface water temperature and water pressure measured by the flow direction velocimeter are carried along with the wave data measured by the GPS wave meter. 4. The small observation buoy system according to claim 1, wherein the small observation buoy system is transmitted to a base station by telephone line or satellite communication.   The observation buoy has a structure and function that can withstand submergence, and the data is stored in a memory in the buoy while the observation buoy is submerged so that it can be transmitted at the time of resurfacing. The small observation buoy system according to any one of 3, 4, and 14.