JP2013167732A - Display, screen and image conversion apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To achieve a sense of speed or a depth perception with high certainty as it is real regarding a display which displays an image to be visible from the inside of a movable object in response to a simulated action of the movable object, a screen on which such an image is projected and an image conversion apparatus which gives such an image to the display or the screen.SOLUTION: A display is configured to display an image, around a movable object, to be visible from the inside of the movable object in response to a simulated action of the movable object. The display comprises a display screen at a position which is different for each of directions to the inside and which is in such a minimum distance that an object to be indicated by the image can be located with respect to the inside.

Description

  The present invention relates to a display for displaying an image to be visually recognized from the inside of the movable body in accordance with the simulated movement of the movable body, a screen on which such an image is projected, and such an image to a display, The present invention relates to an image conversion device applied to a screen.

  In recent years, simulation technology realized by combining high-speed computers and highly advanced information processing technology is a driving simulator and riding simulator suitable for various fields such as the following (hereinafter referred to as “driving simulator”). .) Is actively applied.

(1) Amusement that gives driving experience and enjoyment to users by realizing real faithful behavior
(2) Training (used for certification, etc.) of driving skills (including learning and improvement of various driving skills by simulating road conditions that are difficult to realize due to regionality, cost, danger, etc., and learning of traffic rules) Including
(3) Academic research to collect and confirm data necessary for road and other transportation infrastructure and vehicle development

  In such a driving simulation device, a real vehicle is often incorporated in order to realize the authenticity of a vehicle to be simulated for driving at a low cost and certainty, and such a vehicle can be easily selected and replaced. There is a strong desire to be possible.

FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating a configuration example of a conventional driving simulation apparatus.
In the figure, an automobile 41 to be simulated for driving is loaded and fixed on the top of a swing device 42 (not shown). Around the automobile 41, it is formed as a cylindrical inner wall spaced a certain distance from the center of the passenger compartment of the automobile 41, and the scenery and terrain around the automobile 41 according to the simulated form and process of the driving described above. Further, a screen 43 on which an image showing a feature or the like is projected is arranged.

On the top of the cylindrical body constituting the screen 43, on the annular member having the same center as the inner wall of the cylindrical body and having a similar shape, the projector 44- 1 to 44-5 are supported at predetermined intervals. Corresponding input / output ports of a computer 45 that controls them are connected to the automobile 41, the swing device 42, and the projectors 44-1 to 44-5. Further, around the automobile 41, the cylindrical body constituting the screen 43 is constituted by a light shielding body, so that optical shielding from the outside is achieved.

  In the driving simulation apparatus having such a configuration, the computer 45 executes an interface for the following items by executing predetermined software, and performs monitoring and setting of each part, thereby comprehensively configuring the vehicle 41. A function as a simulation device is realized.

(1) Operation of steering wheel, brake pedal, accelerator pedal, etc. (not shown) installed in the driver's seat of the automobile 41, illumination of speedometer, fuel gauge, etc. (not shown) and display thereof
(2) The attitude of the automobile 41 set through the swing device 42 and appropriately varied
(3) Projecting images onto the screen 43 via the projectors 44-1 to 44-5

  In the video signals given to the projectors 44-1 to 44-5, distortion caused by the surface of the screen 43 being a curved surface instead of a flat surface is corrected in advance.

  Further, such correction is realized based on simple mapping conversion because the optical axes of the projectors 44-1 to 44-5 are on a virtual straight line that intersects the axis of the cylindrical body constituting the screen 43. The

  Therefore, the simulation of driving is realized without causing visual extreme fatigue to the driver because there is no large distortion or difference between the image projected on the screen 43 in the simulation process.

  As for the automobile 41, a real vehicle is often incorporated as described above in order to realize an inexpensive and reliable realization of the authenticity of the automobile 41 that is a driving simulation target. However, if it is not required that such a vehicle can be easily selected or replaced, it may not necessarily be a real car, for example, driving suitable for the driving mode and purpose to be simulated. It may be replaced only with a seat.

In addition, there existed patent document 1 and patent document 2 which are listed below as prior art relevant to this invention.
(1) “A video projection device for projecting an image and a screen for projecting an image projected from the image projection device, and an image corresponding to the field of view of the driver when driving the vehicle is displayed on the screen by the image projection device. In the driving simulator for projecting, the video projection device includes a projector that projects video and a magnifying lens that magnifies only the video projected by the projector in the horizontal direction. Can be reduced, and the cost can be reduced ".

(2) “A substantially spherical simulation shell in which a training room for skydiving and parachute descent training is formed, rocking means for rocking the shell, and a descent trainer installed in the shell from a horizontal state. Support means for continuously supporting in a vertical state, a limb sensor provided on the support means for detecting movement of a limb of a descent trainer, and detecting presence / absence of an opening operation by a descent trainer provided on the support means An opening sensor, a steering sensor provided on the support means for detecting the operation amount of the control line by the descent trainer, and a detection value from each of the sensors are input, and the detection value from the limb sensor is in a horizontal state. The swinging means is swung, and the support means is continuously rotated from the horizontal state to the vertical state by the detection value from the opening sensor, and further from the steering sensor in the vertical state. Control means for swinging the swinging means with the detected value, and the image display means formed on the inner wall of the shell projects a projector that projects the descending image, and a curved screen that receives and transmits the projection image from the projector And a plurality of pancake window display devices composed of a curved beam splitter for collimating the diffused light from the curved screen and an optical system component, ” Skydiving and parachute descent training simulator characterized by the fact that the device can provide a feeling of acceleration and a sense of turning, and a wide field of view can be obtained ... Patent Document 2

JP 2002-31806 A JP-A-8-182788

  By the way, in the above-described conventional example, the distance between the eye point of the driver seated in the driver's seat of the automobile 41 and the screen 43 is as far as 3 to 3.5 meters. In some cases, the sense of speed and perspective are significantly different from those of actual driving.

(1) In the scene of a highway running at high speed, a sound barrier, lighting, etc. near the side of the car 41
(2) A side wall that is close to the side of the car 41 and that moves away from the driver ’s field of view in the scene of traveling in a tunnel.

  Of those included in the image projected on the screen 43, those located at the closest point to the automobile 41 are emphasized by performing processing such as enlargement in the course of image processing performed in advance. However, since the distance between the eye point and the screen 43 is much longer than the actual distance, a sufficient sense of realism was not always obtained.

  As for the speed feeling, the distance between the driver's eye point and the screen 43 positioned in the front and side directions of the automobile 41 is the same, so that the driver's visual sense can be fully achieved. As a result, the driver's perceived speed was unavoidable.

  An object of the present invention is to provide a display, a screen, and an image conversion apparatus that can achieve a real sense of speed and perspective with high accuracy.

  The invention according to claim 1 is a display that displays an image around the movable body to be visually recognized from the inside of the movable body according to the simulated movement of the movable body, and is provided for each direction with respect to the interior. In contrast, what is shown in the image has a display surface at a position that is the minimum distance that can be located with respect to the inside.

  That is, the position of the display surface is not set to a position farther than the minimum distance at which an image displayed on the display surface can be located.

  The invention according to claim 2 is a screen on which an image around the movable body to be visually recognized from the inside of the movable body is projected according to the simulated movement of the movable body, and the image is projected for each direction with respect to the inside. In contrast, what is shown in the image has a display surface at a position that is the minimum distance that can be located with respect to the inside.

  That is, the position of the display surface is not set to a position farther than the minimum distance at which an image displayed on the display surface can be located.

  According to a third aspect of the present invention, in a display having a display surface whose distance identified under binocular parallax is within a predetermined range and whose surface is non-planar, the surface is different from the non-planar surface. An original image suitable for display on a specific surface is converted into a mapping of the specific surface with respect to the non-planar surface.

  That is, an image suitable for display on a specific surface different from the display surface whose surface is non-planar is converted into a map for the non-planar and displayed.

  According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, there is provided the projection apparatus that projects an image on a screen having a display surface whose distance identified under binocular parallax is within a predetermined range and whose surface is non-planar. Converts the original image suitable for display on a specific surface different from the non-plane into a mapping of the specific surface with respect to the non-plane.

  That is, an image suitable for display on a specific surface different from the display surface whose surface is non-planar is converted into a map for the non-planar and displayed.

  According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, in the image conversion device according to the third or fourth aspect, the authenticity of the original image is secured on the surface of the display surface at an eye point where the original image is to be identified. It is configured as any one of a curved surface, a bent surface, and a complex set of facets.

  That is, an image suitable for display on a specific surface different from the display surface whose surface is non-planar is displayed as a map with respect to variously configured non-planar surfaces.

  According to the present invention, the apparent distance of what is displayed on the display surface as an image is not significantly separated from the actual distance that can be viewed under binocular parallax.

  In the present invention, the map displayed on the non-planar display surface is not displayed at a position that is excessively near or far from the position to be viewed under binocular parallax.

Furthermore, the present invention can be applied to various devices and systems that provide visual information.
Therefore, in the apparatus and system to which the present invention is applied, the authenticity of the image information is enhanced and maintained with high accuracy.

It is a figure which shows one Embodiment of this invention. It is a flowchart which shows the procedure of the process which a computer performs in this embodiment. It is a figure explaining the image conversion process performed in this embodiment. It is a figure which shows the structural example of the conventional driving | running simulation apparatus.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an embodiment of the present invention.
In the figure, the same components as those shown in FIG. 4 are given the same reference numerals, and the description thereof is omitted here.

The difference in configuration between this embodiment and the conventional example shown in FIG. 4 is in the points listed below.
(1) The cross-sectional shape seen from the top is not a circle but an ellipse, and the cylindrical screen 11 arranged in a state where the major axis of the ellipse overlaps the line connecting the front and back centers of the automobile 41 is the screen 43 It is provided instead.

(2) At the top of the screen 11, an elliptical annular member similar to the ellipse, in which both the ellipse and the major axis and minor axis overlap, and the projectors 44-1 to 44-5 are supported is described above. Arranged on the annular member.
(3) A computer 12 is provided instead of the computer 45.

FIG. 2 is a chart showing a procedure of processing performed by the computer in this embodiment.
FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the principle of image conversion processing performed in the present embodiment.
The operation of this embodiment will be described below with reference to FIGS.

In the present embodiment, the feature of the present invention lies in the processing performed by the computer 12 as described later and the distance to the eye point of the screen 11 on which an image is projected under the processing.
In the present embodiment, the computer 12 performs the following processing.

 (1) In the process of simulating driving performed on the automobile 41, as in the conventional example, images to be projected onto the screen 43 shown in FIG. Original images V1 ”to“ original image V5 ”) are generated (step S1 in FIG. 3). Hereinafter, the areas on the screen 43 on which the original images V1 to V5 are respectively projected are referred to as “partial screen PS1” or “partial screen PS2”, respectively.

(2) For each of the original images V1 to V5 (hereinafter referred to as “original image Vc”), the following processing is performed in real time.
(2-1) In the process in which the original image Vc is virtually projected onto the “partial screen PSc”, the part of the screen 11 through which the corresponding image Vc is transmitted (hereinafter referred to as “partial screen PSc ′”). The original image Vc is converted into a map of “partial screen PSc” (hereinafter referred to as “mapped image Mc”) (step S2 in FIG. 3).
(2-2) The mapped image Mc is projected onto the partial screen PSc ′ via the projector 44-c (step S3 in FIG. 3).

  The surface of such a partial screen PSc ′ (PS1 ′ to PS5 ′) is an ellipse whose shape on the horizontal plane is different from the circle in the conventional example. However, the mapping image Mc projected on the partial screens PSc ′ (PS1 ′ to PS5 ′) under the mapping conversion from the original image Vc to the mapping image Mc performed as described above is, from the eye point, It can be seen at almost the same position and size as the conventional example without any optical distortion.

  Moreover, on the screen 11, the partial screen near the side surface of the automobile 41 among the partial screens PSc ′ (PS 1 ′ to PS 5 ′) is closer to the automobile 41 (eye point) than the conventional example.

That is, the image projected in the direction of the side surface of the automobile 41 is visually recognized as an image that is located at a position that is significantly closer to the conventional example under the binocular parallax of the operator whose eye position is at the eye point.
Therefore, with respect to the objects included in such an image, the visual feeling of speed and the sense of realism including perspective are improved compared to the conventional example, and the speed of the automobile 41 that can be experienced by the operator through vision is improved. The upper limit is also increased.

  In the present embodiment, the size of the horizontal section of the screen 11 is set to a value at which a partial screen corresponding to a position where an object projected as an image in the direction of the side surface of the automatic person 41 can be located closest to It is desirable to set.

  Further, each of the combinations of the partial screens PS1 ′ to PS5 ′ and the projectors 41-1 to 41-5 of the screen 11 has the same positions, shapes and sizes of the partial screens PS1 ′ to PS5 ′ and the display surface. May be replaced by first to fifth display devices (for example, a liquid crystal display, a plasma display, an organic EL display, etc.) that are the same.

  Furthermore, in the present embodiment, the original images V1 to V5 are images suitable for projection onto a conventional screen 43 whose display surface can be regarded as an inner wall of a cylindrical body.

  However, these original images V1 to V5 are suitable for projection onto the screen 43 whose surface corresponds to any one of a curved surface, a curved surface, and a complex set of facets, as long as the mapping conversion described above is possible. It may be an image.

  Furthermore, in the present embodiment, the display surface of the screen 11 does not necessarily have to be configured as an inner wall of an ellipsoid as long as the original images V1 to V5 can be converted into the mapped images M1 to M5, respectively. For example, it may be configured as any of the following.

(1) A plane or plane parallel to the outer surface of the automobile 41
(2) Any curved or bent surface
(3) A set of compound surfaces (may be flat surfaces)

  In the present embodiment, the mapping conversion described above is realized as image processing performed by the computer 12.

  However, all or part of such mapping conversion may be optically performed by a predetermined optical system (may be incorporated in the projectors 41-1 to 41-5).

  Further, in the present embodiment, the numbers of the projectors 41-1 to 41-5, the partial screens PS1 ′ to PS5 ′, and the original images V1 to V5 are all “5”. 1 "or any plural number.

  In the present embodiment, the shape, size and position of the cross section of the screen 11 in the horizontal direction are all constant.

  However, the present invention is not limited to such a configuration, and when changes in responsiveness and image quality are allowed, all or part of the shape, size, and position of the cross section can be changed or switched as appropriate. May be configured.

  Furthermore, in the present embodiment, the projectors 41-1 to 41-5 project the mapped images M1 to M5 from the approximate center of the top of the screen 11 onto the display surface that is the inner wall of the screen 11.

  However, the present invention is not limited to such a configuration. For example, when the mapped images M1 to M5 projected on the outer wall of the screen 11 are also reflected on the inner wall of the screen 11, these mapped images M1 to M1 are displayed. M5 may be projected from the outside of the screen 11 to the outer wall by the projectors 41-1 to 41-5.

Moreover, this invention is not limited to a driving | running simulation apparatus, For example, it can apply similarly to the following uses.
(1) Movie broadcast
(2) Amusement facilities with provision of visual information
(3) Exhibition at museums
(4) Simulating the behavior of various moving objects and moving systems

  Further, the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and various configurations of the embodiments are possible within the scope of the present invention, and any improvements may be made to all or some of the components.

  Hereinafter, among the inventions disclosed in the present application, the configurations, operations, and effects of the invention that were not described in the “Claims” will be referred to as “Claims”, “Means for Solving the Problems”, and “ List them in a format similar to the description in the “Effect” column.

[Claim 6] In the image conversion device according to any one of claims 3 to 5,
The original image is
Obtained by simulating the movement of a movable body,
The map is
An image conversion apparatus characterized in that the original image conforms to the shape and position of the display surface with respect to an eye point to be identified.

  In the image conversion device having such a configuration, in the image conversion device according to any one of claims 3 to 5, the original image is obtained by simulating the movement of the movable body. The mapping is adapted to the shape and position of the display surface relative to the eye point where the original image is to be identified.

In other words, it adapts flexibly to the shape, size, position and orientation of the movable body whose movement is to be simulated, and the authenticity of the map to be displayed is enhanced according to the behavior of the movable body, and is maintained stably. The
Therefore, the accuracy and authenticity of the simulation of the movement of the movable body are increased.
[Claim 7] In the image conversion apparatus according to claim 6,
An image conversion apparatus characterized in that the original image is optically converted into the mapping under the simulation.

  In the image conversion apparatus having such a configuration, in the image conversion apparatus according to claim 6, the original image is optically converted into the mapping under the simulation.

That is, the conversion of the original image into a map is performed optically, not as digital image processing.
Therefore, when such a conversion form is not optically complicated, the configuration can be simplified and real-time performance can be easily achieved.

11, 43 Screen 12, 45 Computer 41 Car 42 Oscillator 44 Projector

Claims (5)

A display for displaying an image around the movable body to be viewed from the inside of the movable body in accordance with a simulated movement of the movable body,
A display device having a display surface at a position that is different for each direction with respect to the interior and that is the minimum distance that can be located with respect to the interior. A screen on which an image around the movable body to be viewed from the inside of the movable body is projected according to a simulated movement of the movable body,
A screen having a display surface at a position that is different for each direction with respect to the interior and that is the minimum distance at which the image can be located with respect to the interior. Suitable for display on a specific surface having a display surface whose distance identified under binocular parallax is within a predetermined range and whose surface is non-planar, the surface being different from the non-planar surface An image conversion apparatus, wherein the original image is converted into a mapping of the specific surface with respect to the non-planar surface. In a projection device that projects an image onto a screen having a display surface whose distance identified under binocular parallax is within a predetermined range and the surface is non-planar, the surface is different from the non-plane An image conversion apparatus characterized in that an original image suitable for display on a non-plane is converted into a mapping of the specific surface. In the image conversion device according to claim 3 or 4,
The surface of the display surface is
An image conversion apparatus, wherein the original image is configured as any one of a curved surface, a bent surface, and a complex set of facets that ensure the authenticity of the original image at an eye point to be identified.