JP2013153578A - Dc constant voltage power supply device and charging device - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a charging device that has the function of detecting a degradation of a battery.SOLUTION: A charging device 2 includes: a transformer 101 having a primary winding 102 and a secondary winding 103; a switching element 106; a control section 20; a diode 108 and a capacitor 109 for generating a secondary DC voltage; and a storage section for storing a plurality of kinds of combination of a primary current (current Ip, voltage Vs), a primary voltage (voltage Ed) and a reference pulse width. The control section 20 charges a battery, and on completion of charging, detects a plurality of kinds of combination of the primary current, the primary voltage and a pulse width, reads out the reference pulse width stored in the storage section in accordance with the primary current and the primary voltage, and determines that the battery is a non-defective unit if all the plurality of pulse widths detected are within a predetermined range and determines that the battery is a defective unit if any one of the plurality of pulse widths is outside the predetermined range.

Description

  The present invention relates to a DC constant voltage power supply device and a charging device.

  It is a well-known technique to use a switching power supply for a DC constant voltage power supply. In addition, it is a well-known technique to keep the DC voltage on the secondary side constant by insulating and separating the primary side and the secondary side using a high-frequency transformer and a photocoupler (see Patent Document 1). Furthermore, it is also a well-known technique to provide a rectifier circuit on the primary side so that the primary side can be connected to a commercial AC power supply.

  Various devices for detecting battery deterioration have been proposed. Patent Document 2 describes that the life of a backup battery is detected based on a voltage fluctuation value by a pseudo load generation circuit. Further, in Patent Document 3, when the battery is discharged / charged, the voltage between the battery terminals is measured at regular intervals, and it is detected that the battery voltage is not within the permissible range because it is determined that the voltage between the terminals is not within the permissible range. It is described that it is displayed. Patent Document 4 describes that a battery deterioration is detected by comparing a voltage drop amount per unit time obtained by a voltage monitor unit with a battery characteristic data acquired in advance in a portable wireless terminal. Yes.

  Various devices for charging a battery have been proposed. For example, in Patent Document 5, a current is supplied from a power source to a battery until a battery voltage higher than the recommended charging voltage is detected by the voltage detection circuit, and a battery voltage higher than the recommended charging voltage is detected by the voltage detection circuit. After that, it is described that the voltage applied to the battery is reduced at a controlled rate toward the recommended charging voltage.

JP 2009-225649 A JP 10-91538 A JP 2000-329834 A JP 2008-160647 A JP 2002-44878 A

  In recent years, there are various types of batteries. And the characteristic of deterioration differs for every kind of battery. In such various batteries, there is a situation where accurate deterioration cannot be detected only by detecting a voltage at a certain point in time. In addition, regarding batteries used in electric vehicles that run on a battery as a power source, if the deterioration cannot be accurately detected, an unexpected power shortage may occur and safe operation may not be ensured. In addition, there is a demand for a technique for simply charging a battery of an electric vehicle with a charging device using a DC constant voltage power supply device at home. In addition, if such battery deterioration detection of an electric vehicle can be detected in the battery charger, it is very convenient that the deterioration can be detected at an early stage. This also applies to a hybrid vehicle using a battery. In addition, it is desirable to detect battery deterioration in a battery charger even in a UPS (Uninterruptible Power Supply) that has a built-in battery and supplies power to a computer or the like for a while even during a power failure.

  The problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a DC constant voltage power supply device suitable for use in charging a battery, and to provide a charging device using such a DC constant voltage power supply device.

  The charging device of the present invention is connected between a transformer having a primary side winding and a secondary side winding, and the primary side winding and the primary side DC power source. A switching element for supplying AC power, a primary current detector for detecting a primary current flowing in the primary winding, and a primary voltage for detecting a primary voltage supplied from the DC power supply A detector, a control unit that generates a pulse signal whose pulse width changes to turn on the switching element, a secondary side rectifying and smoothing circuit that is connected to the secondary side winding and generates a secondary side DC voltage; A storage unit that stores a plurality of combinations of the primary side current, the primary side voltage, and the reference pulse width, and the control unit controls the primary side current during charging by controlling the primary side current; Charge the battery worn on the secondary side, and after charging is complete, A plurality of combinations of primary current, primary voltage and pulse width are detected, and stored in the storage unit according to the primary current and primary voltage of the combination A reference pulse width is read out, and it is determined whether each of the detected plurality of the pulse widths is within a predetermined range defined by the reference pulse width. When it is within the predetermined range, it is determined that the battery is a non-defective product, and when at least one of the plurality of pulse widths is not within the predetermined range, it is determined that the battery is defective.

  Another charging device of the present invention is a charging device in which a DC power source is connected to the input side and a battery is connected to the output side, the switching element for converting DC power supplied from the DC power source into AC power, A control unit that generates a pulse signal whose pulse width changes to turn on the switching element; and a storage unit that stores a plurality of combinations of a DC current, a DC voltage, and a reference pulse width supplied from the DC power supply. The control unit charges the battery by controlling the direct current supplied from the direct current power source during charging, and after the completion of charging, the control unit compares the direct current, the direct current voltage, and the pulse width. Detecting a plurality of combinations, reading the reference pulse width stored in the storage unit according to the DC current and the DC voltage of the combination, It is determined whether each of the plurality of detected pulse widths is within a predetermined range determined by the reference pulse width, and all of the plurality of pulse widths are within the predetermined range. Sometimes, it is determined that the battery is a non-defective product, and it is determined that the battery is a defective product that has deteriorated when at least one of the plurality of pulse widths is not within the predetermined range.

  The DC constant voltage power supply apparatus according to the present invention is connected between a transformer having a primary side winding and a secondary side winding, and the primary side winding and the primary side DC power source. A switching element that supplies AC power to the winding, a primary current detector that detects a primary current that flows through the primary winding, and a primary voltage that is supplied from the DC power source 1 A secondary side voltage detector; a control unit that generates a pulse signal whose pulse width changes to turn on the switching element; and a secondary side rectifying and smoothing that is connected to the secondary side winding and generates a secondary side DC voltage. A circuit, and a storage unit that stores a plurality of combinations of the primary side current, the primary side voltage, and the pulse width that set the secondary side DC voltage to a predetermined constant value, and the control unit includes: Stored in the storage unit according to the primary current and the primary voltage Reading the serial pulse width, for controlling the secondary-side direct-current voltage to a constant voltage.

  Another DC constant voltage power supply apparatus according to the present invention is a DC constant voltage power supply apparatus that connects a DC power supply to the input side and supplies DC power to a load connected to the output side, and is supplied from the DC power supply. Supplied from a switching element that converts electric power into AC power, a control unit that generates a pulse signal that changes the pulse width for turning on the switching element, and the DC power source that sets the DC voltage on the output side to a predetermined constant value And a storage unit that stores a plurality of combinations of the DC voltage supplied from the DC power source and the pulse width, the control unit according to the combination of the DC current and the DC voltage. The pulse width stored in the storage unit is read out, and the output side DC voltage is controlled to a constant voltage.

  According to the DC constant voltage power supply apparatus of the present invention, the DC voltage can be controlled based on the pulse width stored in the storage unit. Moreover, according to the charging device of the present invention, it is possible to detect whether or not the battery has deteriorated from the reference pulse width stored in the storage unit and the detected pulse width.

It is a figure which shows the direct-current constant-voltage power supply device of embodiment. It is a figure which shows the charging device of the battery of embodiment. It is a figure which shows the charging device of the battery of another embodiment. It is a figure which shows the charging device of the battery of another embodiment. It is a figure which shows the direct-current constant-voltage power supply device of another embodiment. Furthermore, it is a figure which shows the charging device of the battery of another embodiment.

  A DC constant voltage power supply device of a mode for carrying out the present invention (hereinafter abbreviated as an embodiment) includes a transformer having a primary side winding and a secondary side winding, a primary side winding, and a primary side A switching element connected between the DC power supply and supplying AC power to the primary winding, a primary current detector for detecting a primary current flowing in the primary winding, and a DC power supply Primary side voltage detector for detecting the primary side voltage, a control unit for generating a pulse signal whose pulse width changes to turn on the switching element, and the secondary side DC voltage connected to the secondary side winding A secondary side rectifying / smoothing circuit for generating a secondary side DC voltage, and a storage unit for storing a plurality of combinations of a primary side current, a primary side voltage, and a pulse width with a predetermined constant value of the secondary side DC voltage. Unit determines the pulse width stored in the storage unit according to the primary side current and the primary side voltage. Out look, to control the secondary-side direct-current voltage to a constant voltage.

  Another embodiment of a DC constant voltage power supply apparatus for carrying out the present invention is a DC constant voltage power supply apparatus in which a DC power supply is connected to an input side and DC power is supplied to a load connected to an output side. A switching element that converts the DC power supplied from the converter into AC power, a control unit that generates a pulse signal that changes the pulse width to turn on the switching element, and a DC power source that sets the DC voltage on the output side to a predetermined constant value And a storage unit that stores a plurality of combinations of DC voltage and pulse width supplied from a DC power source, and the control unit is stored in the storage unit according to the DC current and the DC voltage. The pulse width is read and the DC voltage on the output side is controlled to a constant voltage.

  A charging device according to an embodiment for carrying out the present invention is connected between a transformer having a primary side winding and a secondary side winding, and a primary side winding and a DC power source on the primary side. A switching element that supplies AC power to the side winding, a primary current detector that detects a primary current flowing in the primary winding, and a primary that detects a primary voltage supplied from a DC power source A side voltage detector, a control unit that generates a pulse signal whose pulse width changes to turn on the switching element, a secondary side rectifying and smoothing circuit that is connected to the secondary side winding and generates a secondary side DC voltage; A storage unit that stores a plurality of combinations of primary current, primary voltage, and reference pulse width, and the control unit is attached to the secondary side by controlling the primary current during charging. The battery is charged and after charging is complete, the primary current, primary voltage and A plurality of combinations with the pulse width are detected, the reference pulse width stored in the storage unit is read in accordance with the primary current and the primary voltage of the combination, and each of the detected pulse widths is Determining whether the battery is within a predetermined range determined by the reference pulse width, and determining that the battery is non-defective when all of the plurality of pulse widths are within the predetermined range. If even one battery is not within the predetermined range, it is determined that the battery is a defective product.

  Another embodiment of a charging device for carrying out the present invention is a charging device in which a DC power source is connected to an input side and a battery is connected to an output side, and the DC power supplied from the DC power source is converted into AC power. Switching element that turns on, a control part that generates a pulse signal whose pulse width changes to turn on the switching element, and a storage part that stores a plurality of combinations of DC current, DC voltage, and reference pulse width supplied from a DC power supply The control unit charges the battery by controlling the direct current supplied from the direct current power source during charging, and after the completion of charging, the control unit sets a plurality of combinations of direct current, direct current voltage, and pulse width. Detect and read out the reference pulse width stored in the storage unit according to the combination of DC current and DC voltage, and each of the detected pulse widths is the reference It is determined whether or not it is within a predetermined range determined by the pulse width, and when all of the plurality of pulse widths are within the predetermined range, the battery is determined to be non-defective, and one of the plurality of pulse widths is determined. However, when the battery is not within the predetermined range, it is determined that the battery has deteriorated.

(DC constant voltage power supply device of embodiment)
FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a DC constant voltage power supply device according to an embodiment. The principle of the DC constant voltage power supply device of the embodiment will be described with reference to FIG.

  A DC constant voltage power supply device 1 shown in FIG. 1 includes a DC-DC (DC) converter unit (DC / DC converter unit) 10 and a control unit 20.

A DC power supply 30 can be connected to the primary side (input side) of the DC-DC converter unit 10 via the primary side terminal Tp ₁ and the primary side terminal Tp ₂ . A load 40 can be connected to the secondary side (output side) via the secondary side terminal Ts ₁ and the secondary side terminal Ts ₂ . The primary side and the secondary side are insulated by a transformer 101. The transformer 101 includes a primary side winding 102 and a secondary side winding 103, and the primary side winding 102 and the secondary side winding 103 are wound around the same core 104. The primary winding 102 has Np and the secondary winding 103 has Ns. The primary winding 102 has an exciting inductor Lp.

A resistor 105 and a switching element 106 are connected to the primary side of the DC-DC converter unit 10 in series with the primary side winding 102. One end of the primary side winding 102 is connected to the primary side terminal Tp ₁ , and the series circuit composed of the other end of the primary side winding 102, the resistor 105 and the switching element 106 is connected to the primary side terminal Tp _2. Yes.

  The resistor 105 is a resistor for detecting a current Ip flowing from the DC power supply 30 to the primary side of the DC-DC converter unit 10. The resistance value of the resistor 105 is set to be small so that the power consumed by the resistor 105 is negligibly smaller than the power transmitted by the DC-DC converter unit 10.

  The switching element 106 is a semiconductor element that is turned ON / OFF (ON / OFF: conduction / disconnection) in response to the switching element drive signal Sd from the control unit 20. The switching element drive signal Sd is a pulse signal whose pulse width changes to turn on the switching element 106. In the embodiment, the switching element 106 is formed of a MOSFET (Metal-Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor).

A secondary side rectifying and smoothing circuit having a diode 108 and a capacitor 109 is connected to the secondary side winding 103 of the secondary side of the DC-DC converter unit 10. Both ends of the capacitor 109 are connected to the secondary terminal Ts ₁ and the secondary terminal Ts ₂ . A load 40 is connected to the secondary side terminal Ts ₁ and the secondary side terminal Ts _2, and a voltage Eo is supplied from the secondary side of the DC-DC converter unit 10 to the load 40 and a current Io flows.

The control unit 20 includes a CPU (Central Processing Unit) 201, a first A / D converter (Aid converter) 202, a second A / D converter (Aid converter) 203, a PWM modulator (Peer). (Double M converter) 204 and a switching element driver 205 are formed. The A / D converter 202 is connected to the primary side terminal Tp ₁ , and the A / D converter 203 is connected to the resistor 105. Here, the ground GND of the DC-DC converter unit 10 and the ground GND of the control unit 20 are a common ground with the primary side terminal Tp ₂ as shown in FIG.

  The voltage Ed generated by the DC power supply 30 is input to the A / D converter 202 functioning as a primary side voltage detector. Depending on the withstand voltage of the A / D converter 202, the voltage Ed may be divided and input. A voltage Vs (a voltage corresponding to the current Ip) generated at both ends of the resistor 105 is input to the A / D converter 203 functioning as a primary side current detector. The voltage Vs is a voltage proportional to the current Ip flowing through the primary side of the DC-DC converter unit 10, and since the value of the resistor 105 is set to a known value in advance, the A / D converter 203 detects the current Ip. be able to.

  The CPU 201 is a central part that controls the DC-DC converter unit 10. The CPU 201 includes therein a ROM (ROM) for storing a program and a RAM (RAM) for temporary storage, both of which are not shown. The CPU 201, the A / D converter 202, the A / D converter 203, and the PWM modulator 204 are connected via a bus line.

  The A / D converter 202 converts the voltage Ed, which is an analog value of the voltage supplied from the DC power supply 30 to the primary side of the DC-DC converter unit 10, into a digital value DEd, and the digital value DEd according to the request of the CPU 201. Is sent to the CPU 201. The A / D converter 203 converts the voltage Vs, which is an analog value corresponding to the current Ip supplied from the DC power supply 30 to the primary side of the DC-DC converter unit 10, into a digital value DVs, and in response to a request from the CPU 201. The digital value DVs is sent to the CPU 201.

  The PWM modulator 204 generates a PWM signal (Pulse Width Modulation signal: Pulse width modulation signal) Opwm in accordance with the digital value Do of the control calculation result performed by the CPU 201. The PWM signal Opwm is a signal whose duty factor of pulse width is represented by Ton / Ts. Time Ton is a time for generating a signal for turning on the switching element 106. The time Ts is one cycle time. Here, the time for generating a signal for turning off the switching element 106 is time Toff, and time Ts = time Ton + time Toff. The PWM signal Opwm is repeatedly generated with the time Ts as one cycle.

  The switching element driver 205 generates a switching element drive signal Sd that is a signal for driving the switching element 106. When the switching element driver 205 operates without delay, the value of the duty factor Df of the switching element drive signal Sd matches the duty factor Ton / Ts of the PWM signal Opwm. Further, the duty factor Ton / Ts of the PWM signal Opwm corresponds to the digital value Do output from the CPU 201. When there is no conversion error in the PWM modulator 204, the duty factor represented by the digital value Do matches the duty factor of the PWM signal Opwm.

  The DC constant voltage power supply device 1 shown in FIG. 1 is characterized in that the control unit 20 is connected only to the primary side, and the secondary side and the control unit 20 are not connected.

  Hereinafter, the operation of the DC constant voltage power supply device 1 shown in FIG. 1 will be described with reference to mathematical expressions. In the following equation, Ip is the primary current Ip, Ed is the primary voltage Ed, Lp is the inductance of the exciting inductor Lp formed by the primary winding 102, Ton is the time Ton, and Ts is the time Ts. Np represents the number of turns of the primary winding 102, Ns represents the number of turns of the secondary winding 103, and Io represents the secondary current Io (see FIG. 1).

  The current Ip is expressed by Equation 1. The first term represents the excitation current, and the second term represents the current obtained by converting the current flowing through the load 40 to the primary side.

Ip = Ed / Lp × Ton / Ts + Ns / Np × Io

  The voltage Vs across the resistor 105 is expressed by Equation 2.

Vs = Rs × Ip ・ ・ ・ ・ Formula 2

  Equation 3 is obtained from Equation 1 and Equation 2.

Io = Np / Ns x (Vs / Rs-Ed / Lp x Ton / Ts)

  Equations 1 to 3 have been derived assuming that the DC constant voltage power supply device 1 shown in FIG. 1 is lossless. When the DC constant voltage power supply 1 has a loss, it is not easy to develop further mathematical formulas. However, the inventors described in the application of the present application (hereinafter abbreviated as the inventors) that Eo, Ed, Vs, and Ton / Ts have the relationship shown in the following formula 4. Paid attention, and planned future theoretical developments. In the following description, the duty factor Df = Ton / Ts will be described.

Eo = f (Ed, Vs, Df) ... Formula 4

The meaning of Equation 4 is as follows. The voltage Eo supplied to the load 40 connected via the secondary terminal Ts ₁ and the secondary terminal Ts ₂ of the DC-DC converter unit 10 is the voltage Ed, the voltage Vs (current Ip), and the duty factor Df. It is that it is a function.

  If the function shown in Equation 4 can be specified, the value of the voltage Eo can be specified by the voltage Ed, the voltage Vs, and the duty factor Df. Here, since the voltage Ed is determined by the performance and state of the DC power supply 30, the control unit 20 cannot control the value of the voltage Ed itself. However, with the configuration shown in FIG. 1, the CPU 201 can detect the value of the voltage Ed. Further, the duty factor Df can be determined by the control unit 20 itself. Therefore, the control unit 20 can determine the value of the voltage Eo by performing an operation of inputting the value of the voltage Ed and the value of the voltage Vs to the CPU 201 and outputting the duty factor Df as the digital value Do of the control operation result. It becomes.

  Furthermore, Formula 4 includes all the incidental components inherent in the actual DC constant voltage power supply apparatus configured by hardware (not shown) in the DC constant voltage power supply apparatus 1 shown in FIG. All the incidental components are, for example, components not shown in the circuit diagram shown in FIG. 1 generated according to the loss components other than the exciting inductor Lp shown in FIG. 1 and the characteristics of the load.

  Typical loss components not shown in the circuit diagram shown in FIG. 1 included in Equation 4 are copper loss of wiring and transformer 101 (copper loss of primary winding 102 and secondary winding 103), The iron loss of the core 104 of the transformer 101, the dielectric loss of the capacitor 109, the forward loss and switching loss of the switching element 106, and the forward loss and switching loss of the diode 108. The loss components of these DC constant voltage power supply devices are not expressed in Equations 1 to 3, but Equation 4 includes all these effects.

  Equation 4 implicitly includes the characteristics of the load 40. Here, regardless of whether the characteristic of the load 40 is a resistive load, an inductive load, or a capacitive load, the state of the load is included in Equation 4. The load state is also included in Equation 4 when the load 40 does not have a linear characteristic. In an actual DC constant voltage power supply device, the operation of the DC constant voltage power supply device is affected according to the characteristics of the load 40. For example, the waveform of the current Ip varies depending on whether the load 40 is a resistive load, an inductive load, or a capacitive load, and the magnitude of the loss component of the DC constant voltage power supply device also varies. Make a difference. These are not represented in Equations 1 through 3, but Equation 4 includes all these effects.

  Formula 4 is an important formula in the present embodiment in that it includes a loss component that is difficult to formulate and also includes a load characteristic that is difficult to formulate. However, it is difficult to specify Formula 4 as an exact formula. For example, when the load 40 is a battery, chemical change is involved, and as a practical problem, it is difficult to specify the mathematical expression 4 as an exact expression.

  Therefore, the inventors actually manufactured the DC constant voltage power supply device 1 shown in the circuit diagram of FIG. 1, connected an actual load, obtained an experimental result, and obtained an experimental result based on the experimental result. Based on the data, I came up with the idea of using Equation 4.

  The DC constant voltage power supply device shown in the circuit diagram of FIG. 1 actually manufactured by the inventors is denoted as a DC constant voltage power supply device 1R. Further, the load actually used by the inventors is expressed as a load 40R. Further, the DC power supply actually used by the inventors will be described as a DC power supply 30R and will be described below.

  As described above, the DC constant voltage power supply 1R is an actual DC constant voltage power supply in which an accompanying component such as a loss is added to the DC constant voltage power supply 1 shown in FIG. The load 40R is a variable resistor. The DC power supply 30R is a stabilized DC power supply, and is substantially the same as the DC power supply 30 that is an ideal power supply (output impedance is zero and voltage fluctuation is zero) shown in FIG.

  The DC constant voltage power supply device 1R was manufactured as follows. Parts of the same manufacturer and the same model number were used as the transformer 101, the switching element 106, the resistor 105, the diode 108, and the capacitor 109, which are the main parts constituting the apparatus. These components are arranged on the same printed circuit board (not shown) so that the positional relationship between the wiring pattern and the components is the same. Such a manufacturing method is a normal method performed in a general commercial apparatus.

  There was almost no variation in characteristics among the individual DC constant voltage power supply devices 1R manufactured in this way. Here, as described above, the inspection of the variation in characteristics was performed using a variable resistor as the load 40R and a stabilized DC power source with variable voltage as the DC power source 30R.

  Specifically, the characteristic variation was inspected as follows. First, data was collected for one DC constant voltage power supply apparatus 1R as follows.

The value of the voltage Ed of the DC power source 30R is fixed with Ed _1, while sequentially reducing the value of resistance of the load 40R, a certain and Eo values of the voltage Eo by detecting the voltage Eo across the load 40R voltmeter As described above, the digital value Do output from the CPU 201 is set by a host computer (not shown) connected to a Do setting terminal (see FIG. 1).

At this time, the value of the voltage Vs (corresponding to the current Ip) is increased by ΔVs (ΔIs), and Vs ₁ , Vs ₂ ,... Vs _(n−1) , Vs which are predetermined values. The resistance value of the load 40R was changed so as to be _n . ΔVs (ΔIs) is a predetermined value. Then, Df ₁₁ , Df ₁₂ ,... Df _{1 (n−1)} , Df _1n which are values of the duty factor Df of the switching element drive signal Sd at this time were read from the oscilloscope. The value of the duty factor Df when the value of the voltage Vs is Vs ₁ is Df ₁₁ , and the value of the digital value Do is Do ₁₁ . Here, the first subscript of Df ₁₁ means that the value of the voltage Ed of the DC power source 30R in Ed _1, 2 th subscript Df ₁₁ means that corresponds to the voltage Vs _1.

Similarly, a value of duty factor Df when the value Vs _n voltage Vs Df _1n, the value of the digital value Do is Do _1n. When the value of the analog voltage Ed input to the A / D converter 202 is Ed ₁ V (volts), the digital value DEd ₁ is output from the A / D converter 202. The resistance value of the load 40R is R ₁₁ when the voltage Vs is Vs ₁ , R ₁₂ when the voltage Vs is Vs ₂ ,..., The voltage Vs is Vs _{(n−1). )} R _{1 (n−1)} , and when the voltage Vs is Vs _n , R _1n .

Further, in the same manner, a plurality of DC constant voltage power supplies for a plurality of DC constant voltage power supply devices 1R with respect to Vs ₁ , Vs ₂ ,... Vs _(n−1) , Vs _n which are predetermined values. For each of the devices 1R, the values of Df ₁₁ , Df ₁₂ ,... Df _{1 (n-1)} , Df _1n and Do ₁₁ , Do ₁₂ , ... Do _{1 (n-1)} , Do _1n And data of R ₁₁ , R ₁₂ ,..., R _{1 (n−1)} , R _1n at this time were collected. Here, the first subscript Do ₁₁ means that the value of the voltage Ed of the DC power source 30R in Ed _1, 2 th subscript Do ₁₁ means that corresponds to the voltage Vs _1.

Then, the inventors set Vs ₁ , Vs ₂ ,... Vs _(n−1) , Df ₁₁ with respect to Vs _n , which are predetermined values between the plurality of DC constant voltage power supply devices 1R. Df ₁₂ , ... Df _{1 (n-1)} , Df _1n and Do ₁₁ , Do ₁₂ , ... Do _{1 (n-1)} , Do _1n and R _{11 at} this time , R ₁₂ ,..., R _{1 (n-1)} , R _1n values were confirmed to match with almost no error. And it confirmed that there was almost no dispersion | variation in the characteristic between DC constant voltage power supply devices 1R.

Furthermore, the inventors changed the value of the voltage Ed of the DC power supply 30R from Ed ₁ to Ed ₂ so as to make the value of the voltage Eo constant. At this time, in the same manner, a plurality of DC constant voltage power supply devices 1R with respect to Vs ₁ , Vs ₂ ,... Vs _(n−1) , Vs _n which are predetermined values. For each of the voltage power supply devices 1R, Df ₂₁ , Df ₂₂ ,... Df _{2 (n-1)} , Df _2n and Do ₂₁ , Do ₂₂ , ... Do _{2 (n-1)} , Data of Do _2n and R ₂₁ , R ₂₂ ,..., R _{2 (n-1)} , R _2n at this time were collected. And it confirmed that there was almost no dispersion | variation in the characteristic between DC constant voltage power supply devices 1R. Note that when the value of the analog voltage Ed input to the A / D converter 202 is Ed ₂ V (volts), the digital value DEd ₂ is output from the A / D converter 202.

Furthermore, the inventors changed the value of the voltage Ed of the DC power supply 30R to Ed _m so as to make the value of the voltage Eo constant. At this time, in the same manner, a plurality of DC constant voltage power supply devices 1R with respect to Vs ₁ , Vs ₂ ,... Vs _(n−1) , Vs _n which are predetermined values. for each of the voltage power supply _{1R, Df m1, Df m2,} ···· Df m (n-1), the value of _{Df mn, Do m1, Do m2} , ···· Do m (n-1), The value of Do _{mn and} the data of R _m1 , R _m2 ,... R _{m (n-1)} , R _mn were collected. And it confirmed that there was almost no dispersion | variation in the characteristic between DC constant voltage power supply devices 1R.

When the switching element driver 205 operates without delay and the PWM modulator 204 has no error, the duty factor Df ₁₁ , Df ₁₂ ,... Df _{1 (n−1)} of the switching element drive signal Sd Df _1n value and PWM signal Opwm duty factor (Ton / Ts) ₁₁ , (Ton / Ts) ₁₂ , ... (Ton / Ts) _{1 (n-1)} , (Ton / Ts) _1n The values coincide with the duty factor values indicated by the values of Do ₁₁ , Do ₁₂ ,... Do _{1 (n−1)} , Do _1n output by the CPU 201. Therefore, even if control is performed based on the values of Do ₁₁ , Do ₁₂ ,..., Do _{1 (n-1)} , Do _1n output by the CPU 201, there is almost no variation in characteristics between the DC constant voltage power supply devices 1R. Does not occur.

  Based on the above results, the inventors have obtained the following findings. That is, the DC constant voltage power supply device 1R is detected in advance from the value of the voltage Ed of the DC power supply 30R and the value of the voltage Vs (current Ip) detected from both ends of the resistor 105, which are information obtained from the primary side. We obtained the knowledge that the value of voltage Eo can be kept constant by referring to the digital value Do corresponding to the duty factor.

  No information on the characteristics of the load 40R is used when controlling the DC constant voltage power supply device 1R. Therefore, when such control is performed, the characteristics of the load (for example, resistance, inductivity, capacitance, etc.) are not specified. It is not what is done. For example, even when the battery that is an element accompanied by a chemical change is the load 40R, the DC constant voltage power supply apparatus 1R of the present embodiment can be controlled without paying any attention to the nature of the load.

(Example)
Examples will be described with reference to Table 1. The embodiment shows data on a DC constant voltage power supply device 1R that actually manufactured the DC constant voltage power supply device 1 shown in FIG. The voltage Eo was set to be constant 5 V (volt), the voltage Ed was changed from 9 V to 12.57 V, and the current Io was changed from 1 A (ampere) to 5 A.

  Table 1 shows the values of the digital value Do with respect to the digital value DEd and the digital value DVs.

The digital value DEd on the left side of Table 1 will be described. The numerical value 1618 in the first row is the digital value DEd ₁ when the analog voltage Ed output from the DC power supply 30R is 9V. The numerical value 1699 in the second row is the digital value DEd ₂ when the analog voltage Ed output from the DC power supply 30R is 9.451V. The numerical value 1778 in the third row is the digital value DEd ₃ when the analog voltage Ed output from the DC power supply 30R is 9.890V. The numerical value 1860 in the fourth row is the digital value DEd ₄ when the analog voltage Ed output from the DC power supply 30R is 10.35V. The numerical value 1940 in the fifth row is the digital value DEd ₅ when the analog voltage Ed output from the DC power supply 30R is 10.79V. The numerical value 2021 in the sixth row is the digital value DEd ₆ when the analog voltage Ed output from the DC power supply 30R is 11.24V. The numerical value 2101 in the seventh row is the digital value DEd ₇ when the analog voltage Ed output from the DC power supply 30R is 11.69V. The numerical value 2180 in the eighth row is the digital value DEd ₈ when the analog voltage Ed output from the DC power supply 30R is 12.13V. The numerical value 2260 in the ninth row is the digital value DEd ₉ when the analog voltage Ed output from the DC power supply 30R is 12.57V.

The upper digital value DVs in Table 1 will be described. A numerical value 74 in the first column is a digital value DVs ₁ corresponding to the analog voltage Vs ₁ obtained from the resistor 105. A numerical value 139 in the second column is a digital value DVs ₂ corresponding to the analog voltage Vs ₂ obtained from the resistor 105. A numerical value 209 in the third column is a digital value DVs ₃ corresponding to the analog voltage Vs ₃ obtained from the resistor 105. A numerical value 285 in the fourth column is a digital value DVs ₄ corresponding to the analog voltage Vs ₄ obtained from the resistor 105. A numerical value 369 in the fifth column is a digital value DVs ₅ corresponding to the analog voltage Vs ₅ obtained from the resistor 105. A numerical value 466 in the sixth column is a digital value DVs ₆ corresponding to the analog voltage Vs ₆ obtained from the resistor 105.

Do in Table 1 corresponds to the digital value DEd ₉ and the digital value DVs ₆ from the value of the digital value Do ₁₁ (number 886 in the upper left corner) output by the CPU 201 corresponding to the digital value DEd ₁ and the digital value DVs _1. It represents the value up to the digital value Do ₉₆ output by the CPU 201 (the numerical value 874 in the lower right corner). That is, Do in Table 1 is a digital value output by the CPU 201 in order to keep the voltage Eo constant at 5V.

The CPU 201 of the control unit 20 refers to the data shown in Table 1 written in the RAM or ROM of the control unit 20 and outputs a digital value Do. For example, it is detected that the analog voltage Ed output from the DC power supply 30R is 9 V (the digital value DEd ₁ is 1618) and the analog voltage Vs obtained from the resistor 105 (DVs ₁ is 74). In this case, Do ₁₁ (digital value Do ₁₁ is 886) is output as the digital value Do.

The CPU 201 of the control unit 20 corresponds to the analog voltage Vs ₁ obtained from the resistor 105, for example, the analog voltage Ed output from the DC power supply 30R is 9.890 V (the digital value DEd ₃ is 1778). When it is detected that the value of the digital value DVs ₁ to be detected is 74, Do ₃₁ (the value of the digital value Do ₃₁ is 809) is output as the digital value Do.

Further, the CPU 201 of the control unit 20 has an analog voltage Ed output from the DC power supply 30R of 12.57V (digital value DEd ₉ is 2260), and corresponds to the analog voltage Vs ₂ obtained from the resistor 105. When it is detected that the numerical value of the digital value DVs ₂ to be detected is 139, Do ₉₂ (the numerical value of the digital value Do ₉₂ is 663) is output as the digital value Do.

Further, the CPU 201 of the control unit 20 corresponds to the analog voltage Vs ₄ obtained from the resistor 105, for example, the analog voltage Ed output from the DC power supply 30R is 11.24 V (the digital value DEd ₆ is 2021). When it is detected that the value of the digital value DVs ₄ to be processed is 285, Do ₆₄ (the value of the digital value Do ₆₄ is 868) is output as the digital value Do.

  Similarly, the CPU 201 of the control unit 20 detects the value of the digital value DEd corresponding to the analog voltage Ed output from the DC power supply 30R, and uses the digital value DVs corresponding to the analog voltage Vs obtained from the resistor 105. The digital value Do obtained by detecting and referring to Table 1 is output. If a digital value DEd that is not in Table 1 is detected, and a digital value DVs that is not in Table 1 is detected, any one of rounding down, rounding up, and rounding is performed. Outputs the value Do.

  In short, another DC constant voltage power supply apparatus according to this embodiment stores m × n pulse widths corresponding to m primary currents and n primary voltages in RAM or ROM in advance. deep. Each time the primary side current and the primary side voltage are detected, the RAM or ROM is referred to and a pulse signal (switching element drive signal Sd) having a corresponding pulse width is output, so that the DC voltage output from the secondary side is obtained. It can be kept constant. Since the difference in the circuit configuration of the DC constant voltage power supply device, the difference in circuit operation, and the difference in the characteristics of the load are all reflected in m × n pulse widths stored in advance in the RAM or ROM, Implementation is possible regardless of these various differences.

  As described above, in the DC constant voltage power supply apparatus according to the present embodiment, in a converter using a transformer, commercial power is supplied by detecting a current flowing in the primary side and a voltage applied to the primary side. There is an effect that the DC voltage on the secondary side separated from the primary side by the transformer is made constant by controlling only the primary side. Insulation separation between the primary side and the secondary side is performed by a transformer. For a signal input to the control system, a part such as a photocoupler for insulating the primary side and the secondary side is unnecessary. Therefore, even when the primary side voltage and the secondary side voltage are greatly different, there is no need for a component that requires a high withstand voltage for separating the primary side and the secondary side other than the transformer. Insulation separation between the side and the secondary side can be facilitated.

  The above-described DC voltage control method can be implemented in any DC constant voltage power supply apparatus. For example, the present invention can be implemented not only for the on / on type forward converter as described above but also for the on / off type flyback converter. The present invention can also be implemented when a circuit using various transformers such as a single switching element converter, a half bridge converter, and a full bridge converter is employed. Furthermore, it can be implemented in various converters such as buck converters, boost converters, SEPIC, Zeta, and Cuk that do not use a transformer. That is, it can be implemented in all DC-DC converters (DC / DC converters) that connect a DC power supply to the input side and connect a load to the output side to supply DC power. The DC power source connected to the input side may be obtained by converting AC power from a commercial AC power source into DC power.

  In short, the DC constant voltage power supply device of the present embodiment described above includes a transformer 101 having a primary winding 102 and a secondary winding 103, a primary winding 102, and a primary DC power supply 30. Are connected between the switching element 106 for supplying AC power to the primary winding 102 and the primary current detector (resistor 105) for detecting the primary current (current Ip) flowing through the primary winding 102. A / D converter 203), a primary voltage detector (A / D converter 202) for detecting a primary voltage (voltage Ed) supplied from a DC power source, and a pulse width for turning on the switching element 106 A control unit 20 that generates a pulse signal (switching element drive signal Sd) that changes, and a secondary side rectifying and smoothing circuit (diode 108) that is connected to the secondary side winding 103 and generates a secondary side DC voltage (voltage Eo). , Capacitor 109), A plurality of combinations of a primary current (voltage Vs detected from both ends of the resistor 105), a primary voltage (voltage Ed), and a pulse width, in which the secondary DC voltage (voltage Eo) is a predetermined constant value, are stored. And a storage unit (RAM or ROM). The control unit 20 reads out the pulse width stored in the storage unit according to the primary side current (current Ip) and the primary side voltage (voltage Ed), and sets the secondary side DC voltage (voltage Eo) to a constant voltage. To control.

  As described above, a converter using a transformer has an effect of making the DC voltage on the secondary side constant by detecting the current flowing on the primary side and the voltage applied to the primary side. . The primary side and the secondary side can be isolated from each other by a transformer, and there is no need for components such as a photocoupler to insulate the primary side from the secondary side for signals input to the control system. is there. Therefore, even when the voltage on the primary side and the voltage on the secondary side are greatly different, the insulation separation between the primary side and the secondary side can be facilitated.

(Battery charger with battery deterioration detection function)
The DC constant voltage power supply device of the embodiment shown in FIG. 1 can also function as a charging device by making the control method in the control unit 20 different from that of the DC constant voltage power supply device 1. FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating a battery charging device 2 according to the embodiment.

  Since the charging device 2 shown in FIG. 2 uses a battery as the load 40, the following description is given with the battery 40 as a reference.

  In each component of the charging device 2 shown in FIG. 2, the same components as those in FIG. The DC power source 30 is, for example, a combination of a solar cell and a battery (not shown), a battery (not shown) that converts AC power from a commercial AC power source into DC power, and is charged by this DC power, a wind power generator Various DC power sources such as combinations of batteries and batteries (not shown) are used.

  FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating a charging device 3 according to another embodiment. The battery charger 3 with a battery deterioration detection function shown in FIG. 3 includes a rectifying / smoothing unit 50 for rectifying AC power from a commercial AC power source into DC power in addition to the components of the DC constant voltage power source device 1 shown in FIG. I have.

  The rectifying / smoothing unit 50 has a plug 501 for connecting to a commercial AC power supply (not shown). In addition, it has a diode bridge 502 that is bridge-connected. A capacitor 503 is also provided. The commercial AC power supply outputs single-phase 100V (effective value) or 200V (effective value) 50Hz or 60Hz AC power. The diode bridge 502 rectifies AC power and converts it into pulsating power. The capacitor 503 smoothes the pulsating power and obtains DC power from both ends of the capacitor 503. When the effective value of the commercial AC power supply is 100V, the value of the DC voltage obtained from both ends of the capacitor 503 is around 141V. When the effective value of the commercial AC power supply is 200V, the value of the DC voltage obtained from both ends of the capacitor 503 is around 282V.

  When the commercial AC power source outputs 3-phase 200 V (effective value) 50 Hz or 60 Hz AC power, it can be handled by providing a 3-phase rectifier circuit (not shown).

  FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a battery charging device 4 according to still another embodiment. The battery charger 4 shown in FIG. 4 includes a power factor improving unit 60. In the case where the power factor improving unit 60 is provided, a full-wave rectified waveform that is not smoothed by reducing the capacitance of the capacitor 503 of the rectifying and smoothing unit 50 or not providing the capacitor 503 is input to the power factor improving unit 60. To.

  The power factor improvement unit 60 connected to the converter unit 10 outputs a voltage Ed having an arbitrary constant voltage to the converter unit 10. Such a power factor improvement unit 60 that improves the power factor and outputs an arbitrary constant voltage is a well-known technique. When the configuration having the power factor improving unit 60 is adopted, the power factor can be improved and the value of the voltage Ed supplied to the converter unit 10 can be set to an arbitrary constant voltage. The value of the voltage Ed is higher than the maximum voltage obtained from a commercial AC power supply when the power factor improvement unit is configured as a boost converter that is a well-known technique. The charging device 4 provided with the power factor improvement unit 60 is expensive because it includes the power factor improvement unit 60. On the other hand, the charging device 3 that does not include the power factor improvement unit 60 can be supplied at a lower price.

  In the charging device 2, the charging device 3 including the primary side rectifier circuit, or the charging device 4 including the power factor improving unit 60, the configuration of the converter unit 10 is the same as that illustrated in FIG. The side voltage is 141V or higher. For example, when the secondary side voltage is about 400 V, the transformer 101 and the switching element 106 correspond to this. The primary side winding 102 and the secondary side winding 103 of the transformer 101 correspond to the primary side voltage and the secondary side voltage, respectively, and the withstand voltage of the switching element 106 also corresponds to this.

  In the charging device 2 with a battery deterioration detection function, the charging device 3 with a battery deterioration detection function, and the charging device 4 with a battery deterioration detection function, the battery 40 is, for example, an automobile battery that generates a voltage of 400V. . The battery 40 and the converter unit 10 can be connected or disconnected by a dedicated outlet (not shown) that can be attached and detached.

  The configuration of the control unit 20 is the same as that shown in FIG. 1, but the voltage Ed is divided and input to the A / D converter 202. The CPU 201 of the control unit 20 performs calculation processing for charging the battery 40 and calculation processing for detection of deterioration (deterioration detection). The switching element driver 205 generates a voltage sufficient to drive the switching element 106.

  Using a non-degraded charged non-defective battery 40, the voltage Ed is changed within a predetermined range and the voltage Vs is changed within a predetermined range, and the value of the digital value Do at that time is obtained. The value of the digital value Do for the non-defective battery 40 determines whether or not the battery 40 is a non-defective product, that is, whether it is a non-defective battery with good characteristics or a defective battery with deteriorated characteristics. This is the reference pulse width. Therefore, for a battery of the same standard, a plurality of digital values Do for the same voltage Ed used when detecting deterioration and the same voltage Vs used when detecting deterioration are obtained, and the maximum reference pulse width and the minimum reference pulse width are obtained. A value or an average value of the reference pulse width and a range of variation are obtained in advance.

  Do in Table 2 is the value of the digital value Do (reference pulse width) output by the CPU 201 corresponding to the digital value DEd and the digital value DVs.

  Table 2 shows the following. Connected as loads of a plurality of non-defective battery 40 charging devices of the same model number. Then, after charging the battery 40, a current is passed through the battery 40, and the value of the digital value Do with respect to the digital value DEd and the digital value DVs is measured. Table 2 shows the statistical processing of a plurality of non-defective batteries 40. In Table 2, the suffix with MAX indicates the maximum digital value Do among the plurality of non-defective batteries 40, and the suffix with MIN indicates that among the non-defective batteries 40. Indicates the minimum digital value Do.

Specifically: The value of the digital value Do output from the CPU 201 corresponding to the digital value DEd and the digital value DVs, for example, the value of the digital value Do ₁₁ output from the CPU 201 corresponding to the digital value DEd ₁ and the digital value DVs ₁ is obtained. Even for batteries of the same model number, the value of the digital value Do varies, so the maximum digital value Do ₁₁ of the plurality is set to Do _11MAX, and the minimum digital value of the plurality is _Write the value of Do ₁₁ in Table 2 as Do _11MIN . Specifically, the contents of Table 2 are written as a table in RAM or ROM arranged in the control unit 20.

The maximum digital value Do _11MAX output by the CPU 201 corresponding to the digital value DEd ₁ and the digital value DVs ₁ ... The maximum digital value output by the CPU 201 corresponding to the digital value DEd ₁ and the digital value DVs ₆ The value Do _16MAX , ... The CPU 201 corresponding to the maximum digital value Do _41MAX , the digital value DEd ₄ and the digital value DVs ₆ output by the CPU 201 corresponding to the digital value DEd ₄ and the digital value DVs ₁ maximum value of the digital value Do _46MAX, ... digital value DED ₉ and maximum digital value Do _91MAX of values CPU201 corresponding to the digital value DVs ₁ outputs, ... digital value DED ₉ but to be output The maximum digital value Do _96MAX output by the CPU 201 corresponding to the digital value DVs ₆ is written in the RAM or ROM of the control unit 20. Here, each of the digital values Do _11MAX ... Digital value Do _96MAX is one embodiment of the maximum reference pulse width.

The minimum of the minimum digital value Do _{11 min} value output by the CPU201 that corresponds to the digital value DED ₁ and the digital value DVs _1, is CPU201 corresponding to the .... digital value DED ₁ and the digital value DVs ₆ outputs digital value Do _{16 min} values, ... digital value DED ₄ and the digital value DVs ₁ and the value of the smallest digital value Do _41MIN output by the CPU201 corresponding, corresponding to the digital value DED ₄ and the digital value DVs ₆ The minimum digital value Do _46MIN output by the CPU 201 to _perform , ... the minimum digital value Do _91MIN output by the CPU 201 corresponding to the digital value DEd ₉ and the digital value DVs ₁ , ... the digital value The minimum digital value Do _96MIN output by the CPU 201 corresponding to DEd ₉ and the digital value DVs ₆ is written in the RAM or ROM of the control unit 20. Here, each of the digital values Do _11MIN ... Digital value Do _96MIN is one embodiment of a minimum reference pulse width.

After the charging is completed, the charging device 2 is operated with the battery 40, which is unknown as a non-defective product or a defective product, as a load. At this time, if the battery 40 is a non-defective product, for example, the digital value Do output by the CPU 201 corresponding to the digital value DEd ₁ and the digital value DVs ₁ is in the range of Do _11MAX and Do _{11MIN in} Table 2. Further, for example, the digital value Do output by the CPU 201 corresponding to the digital value DEd ₄ and the digital value DVs ₃ is in the range of Do _43MAX and Do _{43MIN in} Table 2. Further, for example, the digital value Do output by the CPU 201 corresponding to the digital value DEd ₉ and the digital value DVs ₆ is in the range of Do _96MAX and Do _{96MIN in} Table 2. In this way, it can be detected that the battery 40 is non-defective. Here, if the number of measurements of the digital value Do is larger, the detection accuracy is further improved.

On the other hand, for example, when the digital value Do output from the CPU 201 corresponding to the digital value DEd ₁ and the digital value DVs ₁ is not within the range of Do _11MAX and Do _{11MIN in} Table 2, the battery 40 is determined to be defective. . For example, if the digital value Do output from the CPU 201 corresponding to the digital value DEd ₄ and the digital value DVs ₃ is not within the range of Do _43MAX and Do _{43MIN in} Table 2, the battery 40 is determined to be defective. . For example, if the digital value Do output by the CPU 201 corresponding to the digital value DEd ₉ and the digital value DVs ₆ is not within the range of Do _96MAX and Do _{96MIN in} Table 2, the battery 40 is determined to be defective. . In this way, when the digital value Do is detected under a plurality of conditions and one of them is not between the maximum reference pulse width and the minimum reference pulse width, that is, within a predetermined range, the battery 40 is deteriorated. It can be detected as a defective product. Here, if the number of measurements of the digital value Do is larger, the detection accuracy is further improved.

In the charging device 2 shown in FIG. 2 and the charging device 3 shown in FIG. 3, the digital value DVs corresponding to the voltage Vs can be freely selected by the control of the CPU 201 of the control unit 20. However, since the value of the digital value DEd corresponding to the voltage Ed is determined by the DC power source 30 or the commercial AC power source and the rectifying and smoothing unit 50, the control unit 20 cannot perform control. Therefore, the range of values of the digital value DEd that can be selected when determining the quality of the battery 40 is limited. As a result, there is a limit to improving the accuracy of battery quality determination. One of the reasons why the accuracy improvement is limited is that only a digital value Do related to a digital value DEd in a narrow range can be obtained. For example, the digital value DED is fixed digital value DED _1, since only a digital value DVs can detect the digital value Do at that time was varied in the range of digital values DVs ₁ ~ digital value DVs _6.

  Another reason that the accuracy improvement is limited is that the digital value DEd cannot be freely changed, and therefore there may be no value corresponding to the digital value DEd written in the RAM or ROM of the control unit 20. It is. In this case, the value of the digital value DEd detected by the control unit 20 is rounded down, rounded up, and rounded, and the table is applied, so the accuracy is lowered. In order to increase the information amount of the digital value DEd written in the RAM or ROM of the control unit 20 for the purpose of preventing a decrease in accuracy, a larger recording capacity is required. In addition, it is necessary to experiment to determine the digital value Do corresponding to the digital value DEd and the digital value DVs, and it is a limit to increase the information amount of the digital value DEd and consequently increase the information amount of the digital value Do. There is.

  In the charging device 4 shown in FIG. 4, the digital value DEd can be arbitrarily adjusted by the control unit 20 controlling the power factor improvement unit 60. Since the digital value DEd written in the RAM or ROM table of the control unit 20 can be matched, the table can be applied to the digital value DEd by rounding down, rounding up, or rounding. The accuracy is eliminated. Furthermore, since the range of the digital value DEd can be expanded and the quality determination of the battery 40 can be performed, the accuracy of the quality determination is further improved.

(Charging procedure performed by the control unit)
In the charging process, the charging device 2, the charging device 3, and the control unit 20 of the charging device 4 perform the same processing. The control unit 20 outputs the digital value Do so that the primary-side current Ip with respect to the passage of time has a predetermined charging current profile. For example, the control unit 20 controls the switching element 106 by outputting the digital value Do so that the current Ip decreases in proportion to the elapsed time from the start of charging. For example, when the current Ip is controlled from 100 A to 10 A after 9 hours have elapsed, the charging current is sequentially reduced from 100 A at a rate of 10 A / hour. Here, when the charging current on the primary side is converted into the value of the voltage Vs, the value of the voltage Vs is sequentially decreased from 5 V at a rate of 0.5 V / hour.

  Specifically, it is as follows. For example, every 10 seconds, the CPU 201 reads a predetermined primary-side current Ip profile (charging current profile) from the RAM or ROM, or obtains it by an arithmetic expression. A digital value DVs corresponding to the voltage Vs (current Ip) is detected. The CPU 201 increases the voltage Vs (current Ip) when the voltage Vs (current Ip) supplied by the charging device 3 is small with respect to the profile of the current Ip to be targeted at that time. The pulse width for turning on the switching element 106 is increased by increasing the digital value Do. On the other hand, the CPU 201 reduces the voltage Vs (current Ip) when the voltage Vs (current Ip) supplied by the charging device 3 is larger than the target current Ip profile at that time. The pulse width for turning on the switching element 106 is reduced by decreasing the digital value Do.

  In this way, the CPU 201 controls to charge the battery 40 with a predetermined charging current profile. As described above, charging is completed after 9 hours when the charging current is 10A. This process is similarly performed in any of the charging device 2, the charging device 3, or the charging device 4 including the power factor improvement unit 60.

(Battery deterioration detection process performed by the controller)
The control unit 20 performs the process of detecting the deterioration of the battery 40 after 9 hours have elapsed and the final charging current has settled to 10 A and the charging operation has been completed. The process of detecting the deterioration of the battery 40 is different between the charging device 4 including the power factor improvement unit 60, the charging device 2 and the charging device 3 that do not include the power factor improvement unit 60. First, how the control unit 20 performs battery deterioration detection processing in the charging device 4 will be described.

  The CPU 201 of the control unit 20 and the CPU (not shown) of the power factor improvement unit 60 cooperate to execute the following procedure. Here, when the charging process is performed, the CPU 201 of the control unit 20 controls the CPU of the power factor improvement unit 60. When performing power factor improvement processing, the CPU of the power factor improvement unit 60 performs power factor improvement processing independently.

  With respect to the battery 40 that has been charged, it is determined whether the battery is a non-defective product or a defective product at a plurality of points. The determination is made as follows.

For example, the digital value Do ₁₁ that is the digital value Do output by the CPU 201 corresponding to the digital value DEd ₁ and the digital value DVs ₁ is obtained. For example, the digital value Do ₅₃ that is the digital value Do output by the CPU 201 corresponding to the digital value DEd ₅ and the digital value DVs ₃ is obtained. For example, the digital value Do ₉₆ which is the digital value Do output from the CPU 201 corresponding to the digital value DEd ₉ and the digital value DVs ₆ is obtained. Here, the digital value DEd ₁ , the digital value DEd _5, and the digital value DEd ₉ can be arbitrarily set by the control unit 20 controlling the power factor improvement unit 60. In order to improve the accuracy of determining whether a battery is good or defective, it is desirable that the digital value DEd ₁ , the digital value DEd _5, and the digital value DEd ₉ are set so as to spread over a wide range. Here, the CPU 201 controls the power factor improving unit 60 to accurately calculate the voltage Ed ₁ corresponding to the digital value DEd ₁ , the voltage Ed ₅ corresponding to the digital value DEd ₅ , and the voltage Ed ₉ corresponding to the digital value DEd _9. Can be output. Further, the CPU 201 accurately sets the digital value Do ₁₁ , the digital value Do ₅₃ , and the digital value Do ₉₆ so as to obtain the digital value DVs ₁ , the digital value DVs ₃ , and the digital value DVs _6. Can do.

Next, whether the digital value Do ₁₁ is within the predetermined range of the digital value Do _11MAX and the digital value Do _11MIN , whether the digital value Do ₅₃ is within the predetermined range of the digital value Do _53MAX and the digital value Do _53MIN , _{Whether the} value Do ₉₆ is within a predetermined range of the digital value Do _96MAX and the digital value Do _96MIN is determined. When the digital value Do ₁₁ , the digital value Do ₅₃ , and the digital value Do ₉₆ are all within the predetermined ranges, it is determined that the battery 40 to be inspected is a non-defective product. On the other hand, if any one of the digital value Do ₁₁ , the digital value Do ₅₃ , and the digital value Do ₉₆ is not within the predetermined range, it is determined that the battery 40 to be inspected is a deteriorated defective product. It should be noted that the number of digital values Do for determining whether or not the predetermined range is satisfied is not limited to three, but may be two or more, and if the number is increased, whether the battery is good or defective. The accuracy of detection for detecting is improved.

  A description will be given of how the control unit 20 performs battery deterioration detection processing in the charging device 3 and the charging device 2 that do not include the power factor improvement unit 60.

For example, the control unit 20 obtains a digital value Do _A1 that is a digital value Do output from the CPU 201 corresponding to the digital value DVs ₁ for the battery 40 that has been charged. The digital value DEd _A at this time is stored in the RAM. For example, a digital value Do _B4 that is a digital value Do output by the CPU 201 corresponding to the digital value DVs ₄ is obtained. The digital value DEd _B at this time is stored in the RAM. For example, a digital value Do _C6 that is a digital value Do output by the CPU 201 corresponding to the digital value DVs ₆ is obtained. The digital value DEd _C at this time is stored in the RAM. Here, the CPU 201 accurately sets the digital value Do _A1 , the digital value Do _B4 , and the digital value Do _C6 so as to obtain the digital value DVs ₁ , the digital value DVs ₃ , and the digital value DVs _6, and obtains this value. be able to.

When the value of the digital value DEd _A is present in the RAM or ROM table, for example, when the digital value DEd _A is the digital value DEd ₁ , the control unit 20 directly refers to the table and determines the digital value Do _A1. Is determined to be within a predetermined range of the digital value Do _11MAX and the digital value Do _11MIN . If the digital value DEd _A does not exist in the RAM or ROM table, it is rounded down, rounded up, or rounded off, and the digital value Do _{A1 corresponds} to, for example, the digital value DEd ₁ and the digital value DVs ₁ It is determined whether or not the range is between the digital value Do _11MAX and the digital value Do _11MIN . Similarly, the control unit 20 determines whether the digital value Do _B4 and the digital value Do _C6 are within a predetermined range.

The control unit 20 determines that the battery 40 is a good product when all of the digital value Do _A1 , the digital value Do _B4 , and the digital value Do _C6 are within a predetermined range. On the other hand, if any one of the digital value Do _A1 , the digital value Do _B4 , and the digital value Do _C6 is not within the predetermined range, it is determined that the battery 40 is a deteriorated defective product.

When detecting whether or not the digital value Do is within the predetermined range, the control unit 20 detects the maximum digital value Do _MAX (maximum reference pulse width) that is a non-defective product and the minimum limit that is a non-defective product. The digital value of Do _MIN (minimum reference pulse width) was used. However, using a digital value Do _CNT (average reference pulse width) that is an average value of a plurality of non-defective digital values, for example, a range of ± 10% of the digital value Do _CNT may be set as a predetermined range. . ± 10% is an example, and for example, different values such as ± 5% and ± 15% can be adopted. That is, when the range of ± 10% of the digital value Do _CNT is set as the predetermined range, the maximum reference pulse width = digital value Do _CNT (average reference pulse width) × 1.1, and the minimum reference pulse width = digital value Do _CNT (Average reference pulse width) × 0.9.

  In short, the charging device of the present embodiment includes a transformer 101 having a primary side winding 102 and a secondary side winding 103, a primary side winding 102 and a primary side DC power source (DC power source 30, rectifying and smoothing). A switching element 106 that supplies AC power to the primary side winding 102 and a primary side that flows through the primary side winding 102. A primary side current detector (resistor 105, A / D converter 203) for detecting a current (current Ip) and a primary side voltage detector (voltage Ed) supplied from a DC power source ( A / D converter 202), a control unit 20 for generating a pulse signal (switching element drive signal Sd) whose pulse width changes to turn on the switching element 106, and a secondary side DC connected to the secondary side winding 103 Secondary side rectification that generates voltage (voltage Eo) A memory for storing a plurality of combinations of a smoothing circuit (diode 108, capacitor 109), primary side current (voltage Vs detected by the resistor 105, that is, current Ip), primary side voltage (voltage Ed), and reference pulse width Part (RAM or ROM).

  The control unit 20 charges the battery 40 mounted on the secondary side by controlling the primary side current (current Ip) at the time of charging, and the primary side current (current Ip) after the charging is completed. Multiple combinations of primary side voltage (voltage Ed) and pulse width are detected, and storage unit (RAM or ROM) according to primary side current (current Ip) and primary side voltage (voltage Ed) Is read out, and it is determined whether each of the detected plurality of pulse widths is within a predetermined range determined by the reference pulse width. When it is within the range, it is determined that the battery is a non-defective product, and when at least one of the plurality of pulse widths is not within the predetermined range, it is determined that the battery is defective.

  Here, the reference pulse width is determined by the above-mentioned predetermined range by the above-described maximum reference pulse width and the above-described minimum reference pulse width. The reference pulse width may be ± 5%, ± 10%, ± 15% of the above-described average reference pulse width within the predetermined range.

  More specifically, when charging, the control unit 20 detects the voltage Vs every predetermined time (for example, every 10 seconds) so as to obtain a charging current profile specified for each battery, and calculates the digital value Do. The charging is performed while controlling the ON time (pulse width) of the switching element 106.

  Then, in a state where charging is completed, a plurality of combinations of the primary side current (voltage Vs detected by the resistor 105, that is, the current Ip), the primary side voltage (voltage Ed), and the pulse width (digital value Do) are detected. To do. Then, the reference pulse width stored in the storage unit (RAM or ROM) is read according to the primary side current (current Ip) and the primary side voltage (voltage Ed), and each of the detected plurality of pulse widths is read. Then, it is determined whether or not it is within a predetermined range determined by the reference pulse width.

(Modification of DC Constant Voltage Power Supply Device of Embodiment and Charging Device of Embodiment)
It has already been described that the DC constant voltage power supply device of the present embodiment is not limited to the DC constant voltage power supply device using a transformer. Further, it has already been described that the charging device of the present embodiment is not limited to the charging device using a transformer. An embodiment of a DC constant voltage power supply device that does not use a transformer and a charging device that does not use a transformer will be described below.

  FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating a DC constant voltage power supply device according to another embodiment.

The DC constant voltage power supply device 5 shown in FIG. 5 includes a step-up DC-DC converter (DC / DC converter) unit 10A using an inductor 107. The DC constant voltage power supply 5 uses an inductor 107 instead of the transformer 101 in the DC constant voltage power supply 1. The inductor 107 is connected between the primary side terminal Tp ₁ and the diode 108. In the DC constant voltage power supply device 5, the same components as those in the DC constant voltage power supply device 1 are denoted by the same reference numerals.

  In the DC constant voltage power supply device 5, the above-described first control method and the above-described second control method in the above-described DC constant voltage power supply device 1 can be implemented. Further, in the DC constant voltage power supply device 5, the rectifying / smoothing unit 50 shown in FIG. 3 may be used instead of the DC power source 30, and the power factor improving unit 60 shown in FIG. 4 may be used. .

  FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a battery charging apparatus according to another embodiment. The charging device 6 shown in FIG. 6 has the same configuration as the DC constant voltage power supply device 5. The load 40 is a battery. The charging device 6 performs charging in the same procedure as the charging device 2 described above, and determines whether the battery is a good product or a deteriorated defective product in the same procedure as the charging device 2. Further, in the charging device 6, a rectifying / smoothing unit 50 shown in FIG. 3 may be used instead of the DC power source 30, and a power factor improving unit 60 shown in FIG. 4 may be used.

  In short, the DC constant voltage power supply apparatus of the above-described embodiment is connected to the output side by connecting a DC power source (including the DC power source 30, the rectifying / smoothing unit 50, the rectifying / smoothing unit 50, and the power factor improving unit 60) to the input side. A DC constant voltage power supply apparatus that supplies DC power to a load 40 that performs switching, the switching element 106 that converts DC power supplied from the DC power supply to AC power, and a pulse signal that changes the pulse width for turning on the switching element A direct current (voltage Vs detected by the resistor 105, that is, a current Ip) and a direct current supplied from a control unit 20 that generates the (switching element drive signal Sd) and a direct current power source that sets a direct current voltage on the output side to a predetermined constant value. A storage unit (RAM or ROM) that stores a plurality of combinations of a DC voltage (voltage Ed) supplied from a power supply and a pulse width is provided.

  The control unit 20 reads the pulse width stored in the storage unit (RAM or ROM) according to the direct current (the voltage Vs detected by the resistor 105, that is, the current Ip) and the direct current voltage (voltage Ed), The DC voltage (voltage Eo) on the output side is controlled to a constant voltage.

  In short, the charging device of the above-described embodiment is connected to the DC power source (including the DC power supply 30, the rectifying / smoothing unit 50, the rectifying / smoothing unit 50, and the power factor improving unit 60) on the input side, and the battery 40 is connected to the output side. And a control device that generates a switching element 106 that converts DC power supplied from a DC power source into AC power, and a pulse signal (switching element drive signal Sd) that changes a pulse width for turning on the switching element. Unit 20 and a storage unit (RAM, or RAM) that stores a plurality of combinations of a DC current (voltage Vs detected by resistor 105, that is, current Ip), a DC voltage (voltage Ed), and a reference pulse width supplied from a DC power source. ROM).

The controller 20 charges the battery by controlling the direct current supplied from the direct current power source during charging, and after the charging is completed, the combined direct current (digital value DVs corresponds) and the direct current voltage (digital A plurality of combinations of a pulse width (corresponding to the digital value Do) and a pulse width (corresponding to the digital value Do) are detected, and a reference pulse width (digital value) stored in the storage unit according to the combined DC current and DC voltage Do _MAX and digital value Do _MIN correspond), and each of the detected multiple pulse widths is within a predetermined range defined by the reference pulse width (range of digital value Do _MAX to digital value Do _MIN ) If all of the plurality of pulse widths are within the predetermined range, the battery is determined to be non-defective, and even one of the plurality of pulse widths is not within the predetermined range. It is determined that the battery is a defective product.

  The various embodiments described above can be combined to implement a new embodiment. In addition, the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment and a new embodiment in which each part of the above-described embodiment is combined.

1, 5 DC constant voltage power supply device, 2, 3, 4, 6 charging device, 10, 10A converter unit, 20 control unit, 30 DC power source, 4 load (battery), 50 rectification smoothing unit, 60 power factor improvement unit, 101 transformer, 102 primary winding, 103 secondary winding, 104 core, 105 resistance, 106 switching element, 107 inductor, 108 diode, 109 capacitor, 202, 203 A / D converter, 204 PWM modulator, 205 Switching element driver, 501 plug, 502 diode bridge, 503 capacitor, Ed voltage (primary side voltage), Eo voltage (secondary side DC voltage), GND ground, Io current (secondary side current), Ip current (primary) side current), Opwm signal (PWM signal), Sd switching element driving signal (pulse signal), Tp _1, Tp _{2 1} primary terminator Le, Ts _1, Ts _{2 2} primary terminal, Vs (voltage detected by the resistor 105 Vs, that is, the current Ip)

Claims (6)

A transformer having a primary winding and a secondary winding;
A switching element connected between the primary side winding and a primary side DC power supply for supplying AC power to the primary side winding;
A primary current detector for detecting a primary current flowing in the primary winding;
A primary voltage detector for detecting a primary voltage supplied from the DC power supply;
A control unit that generates a pulse signal that changes a pulse width to turn on the switching element;
A secondary side rectifying and smoothing circuit connected to the secondary side winding to generate a secondary side DC voltage;
A storage unit that stores a plurality of combinations of the primary side current, the primary side voltage, and a reference pulse width;
The controller is
When charging,
Charging the battery worn on the secondary side by controlling the primary side current;
After charging is complete,
Detecting a plurality of combinations of the primary side current, the primary side voltage, and the pulse width;
Read the reference pulse width stored in the storage unit according to the primary current and the primary voltage of the combination,
It is determined whether each of the detected plurality of pulse widths is within a predetermined range determined by the reference pulse width, and all of the plurality of pulse widths are within the predetermined range. A charging device that sometimes determines that a battery is a non-defective product and determines that the battery is a defective product that has deteriorated when at least one of the plurality of pulse widths is not within the predetermined range. The controller is
The charging device according to claim 1, wherein when the plurality of combinations are detected, the primary current is changed within a predetermined range. The DC power supply is
It has a power factor improvement unit connected to a commercial AC power source,
The controller is
Controlling the power factor improving unit,
3. The charging device according to claim 1, wherein when the plurality of combinations are detected, the primary side voltage is changed within a predetermined range. A transformer having a primary winding and a secondary winding;
A switching element connected between the primary side winding and a primary side DC power supply for supplying AC power to the primary side winding;
A primary current detector for detecting a primary current flowing in the primary winding;
A primary voltage detector for detecting a primary voltage supplied from the DC power supply;
A control unit that generates a pulse signal that changes a pulse width to turn on the switching element;
A secondary side rectifying and smoothing circuit connected to the secondary side winding to generate a secondary side DC voltage;
A storage unit that stores a plurality of combinations of the primary side current, the primary side voltage, and the pulse width that set the secondary side DC voltage to a predetermined constant value;
The controller is
Read the pulse width stored in the storage unit according to the primary side current and the primary side voltage,
A DC constant voltage power supply device for controlling the secondary side DC voltage to a constant voltage. A charging device that connects a DC power source to the input side and a battery to the output side,
A switching element that converts DC power supplied from the DC power source into AC power;
A control unit that generates a pulse signal that changes a pulse width to turn on the switching element;
A storage unit that stores a plurality of combinations of DC current, DC voltage, and reference pulse width supplied from the DC power supply;
The controller is
When charging,
Charging the battery by controlling the direct current supplied from the direct current power source;
After charging is complete,
Detecting a plurality of combinations of the DC current, the DC voltage and the pulse width;
Read the reference pulse width stored in the storage unit according to the direct current and the direct current voltage of the combination,
It is determined whether each of the detected plurality of pulse widths is within a predetermined range determined by the reference pulse width, and all of the plurality of pulse widths are within the predetermined range. A charging device that sometimes determines that a battery is a non-defective product and determines that the battery is a defective product that has deteriorated when at least one of the plurality of pulse widths is not within the predetermined range. A DC constant voltage power supply device that connects a DC power supply to the input side and supplies DC power to a load connected to the output side,
A switching element that converts DC power supplied from the DC power source into AC power;
A control unit that generates a pulse signal that changes a pulse width to turn on the switching element;
A storage unit that stores a plurality of combinations of a direct current supplied from the direct current power source, a direct current voltage supplied from the direct current power source, and the pulse width, with the output side direct current voltage being a predetermined constant value;
The controller is
Read the pulse width stored in the storage unit according to the DC current and the DC voltage of the combination,
A DC constant voltage power supply apparatus for controlling the DC voltage on the output side to a constant voltage.

Images