JP2013153577A - Dc constant voltage power supply device and charging device - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a charging device that has the function of detecting a degradation of a battery.SOLUTION: A charging device 2 includes: a transformer 101 having a primary winding 102 and a secondary winding 103; a switching element 106; a control section 20; and a diode 108 and a capacitor 109 for generating a secondary DC voltage Eo. The control section 20 controls a primary current to charge a battery mounted on the secondary side, and on completion of charging, detects three kinds of combination of a primary current Ip, a primary voltage Ed and a pulse width, determines three constants k, k, ksatisfying Pulse width=k+k×Primary current Ip+k×Primary voltage Ed, from three-variable simultaneous equations, and determines that the battery is a non-defective unit if every one of the three constants is within a predetermined range and determines that the battery is a defective unit if any one of the three constants is outside the predetermined range.

Description

  The present invention relates to a DC constant voltage power supply device and a charging device.

  It is a well-known technique to use a switching power supply for a DC constant voltage power supply. In addition, it is a well-known technique to keep the DC voltage on the secondary side constant by insulating and separating the primary side and the secondary side using a high-frequency transformer and a photocoupler (see Patent Document 1). Furthermore, it is also a well-known technique to provide a rectifier circuit on the primary side so that the primary side can be connected to a commercial AC power supply.

  Various devices for detecting battery deterioration have been proposed. Patent Document 2 describes that the life of a backup battery is detected based on a voltage fluctuation value by a pseudo load generation circuit. Further, in Patent Document 3, when the battery is discharged / charged, the voltage between the battery terminals is measured at regular intervals, and it is detected that the battery voltage is not within the permissible range because it is determined that the voltage between the terminals is not within the permissible range. It is described that it is displayed. Patent Document 4 describes that a battery deterioration is detected by comparing a voltage drop amount per unit time obtained by a voltage monitor unit with a battery characteristic data acquired in advance in a portable wireless terminal. Yes.

  Various devices for charging a battery have been proposed. For example, in Patent Document 5, a current is supplied from a power source to a battery until a battery voltage higher than the recommended charging voltage is detected by the voltage detection circuit, and a battery voltage higher than the recommended charging voltage is detected by the voltage detection circuit. After that, it is described that the voltage applied to the battery is reduced at a controlled rate toward the recommended charging voltage.

JP 2009-225649 A JP 10-91538 A JP 2000-329834 A JP 2008-160647 A JP 2002-44878 A

  In recent years, there are various types of batteries. And the characteristic of deterioration differs for every kind of battery. In such various batteries, there is a situation where accurate deterioration cannot be detected only by detecting a voltage at a certain point in time. In addition, regarding batteries used in electric vehicles that run on a battery as a power source, if the deterioration cannot be accurately detected, an unexpected power shortage may occur and safe operation may not be ensured. In addition, there is a demand for a technique for simply charging a battery of an electric vehicle with a charging device using a DC constant voltage power supply device at home. In addition, if such battery deterioration detection of an electric vehicle can be detected in the battery charger, it is very convenient that the deterioration can be detected at an early stage. This also applies to a hybrid vehicle using a battery. In addition, it is desirable to detect battery deterioration in a battery charger even in a UPS (Uninterruptible Power Supply) that has a built-in battery and supplies power to a computer or the like for a while even during a power failure.

  The problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a DC constant voltage power supply device suitable for use in charging a battery, and to provide a charging device using such a DC constant voltage power supply device.

The charging device of the present invention is connected between a transformer having a primary side winding and a secondary side winding, and the primary side winding and the primary side DC power source. A switching element for supplying AC power, a primary current detector for detecting a primary current flowing in the primary winding, and a primary voltage for detecting a primary voltage supplied from the DC power supply A detector, a control unit that generates a pulse signal whose pulse width changes to turn on the switching element, and a secondary-side rectifying and smoothing circuit that is connected to the secondary-side winding and generates a secondary-side DC voltage The control unit charges the battery mounted on the secondary side by controlling the primary side current during charging, and after the charging is completed, the primary side current and the primary side are charged. Three types of combinations of voltage and pulse width are detected, and about three ternary cubics From the pulse width = k ₀ + k ₁ × the primary current + k ₂ × the primary voltage, satisfy, seek _{k 0, k 1, k 2} , 3 of constants of the constant k ₀ When the constant k ₁ and the constant k ₂ are all within a predetermined range, the battery is determined to be non-defective, and the constant k ₀ , the constant k ₁ , the constant k ₂ , When at least one of each is not within a predetermined range, the battery is determined to be a defective product.

Another charging device of the present invention is a charging device in which a DC power source is connected to the input side and a battery is connected to the output side, the switching element for converting DC power supplied from the DC power source into AC power, A control unit that generates a pulse signal that changes a pulse width for turning on the switching element, and the control unit controls a direct current supplied from the direct current power source during charging. After charging is completed, three types of combinations of the DC current supplied from the DC power supply, the DC voltage supplied from the DC power supply, and the pulse width are detected, and the pulse is calculated from a ternary simultaneous equation. Three constants k ₀ , k ₁ , and k ₂ satisfying width = k ₀ + k ₁ × DC current supplied from the DC power source + k ₂ × DC voltage supplied from the DC power source are obtained. When the constant k ₀ , the constant k ₁ , and the constant k ₂ are all within a predetermined range, the battery is determined to be non-defective, and the constant k ₀ , the constant k ₁ , When at least one of the constants k ₂ is not within a predetermined range, the battery is determined to be a defective product.

The DC constant voltage power supply apparatus according to the present invention is connected between a transformer having a primary side winding and a secondary side winding, and the primary side winding and the primary side DC power source. A switching element that supplies AC power to the winding, a primary current detector that detects a primary current that flows through the primary winding, and a primary voltage that is supplied from the DC power source 1 A secondary side voltage detector; a control unit that generates a pulse signal whose pulse width changes to turn on the switching element; and a secondary side rectifying and smoothing that is connected to the secondary side winding and generates a secondary side DC voltage. The control unit uses three predetermined constants k ₀ , k ₁ , k ₂ , and pulse width = k ₀ + k ₁ × primary side current + k ₂ × primary The pulse signal represented by the side voltage is generated, and the secondary side DC voltage is controlled to a constant voltage.

Another DC constant voltage power supply apparatus according to the present invention is a DC constant voltage power supply apparatus that connects a DC power supply to the input side and supplies DC power to a load connected to the output side, and is supplied from the DC power supply. A switching element that converts electric power into alternating current power, and a control unit that generates a pulse signal that changes a pulse width for turning on the switching element, and the control unit includes k ₀ , k ₁ , k ₂ , Using three predetermined constants, a pulse signal represented by pulse width = k ₀ + k ₁ × DC current supplied from the DC power source + k ₂ × DC voltage supplied from the DC power source is generated. The DC voltage supplied to the load is controlled to a constant voltage.

  According to the DC constant voltage power supply apparatus of the present invention, the DC voltage can be controlled based on a linear equation having three constants. Further, according to the charging device of the present invention, it is possible to detect whether or not the battery has deteriorated by obtaining three constants specific to the battery.

It is a figure which shows the direct-current constant-voltage power supply device of embodiment. It is a figure which shows the charging device of the battery of embodiment. It is a figure which shows the charging device of the battery of another embodiment. It is a figure which shows the charging device of the battery of another embodiment. It is a figure which shows the direct-current constant-voltage power supply device of another embodiment. Furthermore, it is a figure which shows the charging device of the battery of another embodiment.

A DC constant voltage power supply device of a mode for carrying out the present invention (hereinafter abbreviated as an embodiment) includes a transformer having a primary side winding and a secondary side winding, a primary side winding, and a primary side A switching element that is connected to a DC power source for supplying AC power to the primary side winding, a primary side current detector that detects a primary side current flowing in the primary side winding, and a DC power source A primary side voltage detector for detecting the supplied primary side voltage, a control unit for generating a pulse signal whose pulse width changes to turn on the switching element, and a secondary side DC connected to the secondary side winding And a secondary side rectifying / smoothing circuit for generating a voltage, and the control unit uses three predetermined constants k ₀ , k ₁ , k ₂ , and pulse width = k ₀ + k ₁ × primary side current A pulse signal represented by + k ₂ × primary side voltage is generated, and the secondary side DC voltage is controlled to a constant voltage.

Another embodiment of a DC constant voltage power supply apparatus for carrying out the present invention is a DC constant voltage power supply apparatus in which a DC power supply is connected to an input side and DC power is supplied to a load connected to an output side. A switching element that converts the DC power supplied from the AC power into AC power, and a control unit that generates a pulse signal that changes a pulse width to turn on the switching element, and the control unit includes k ₀ , k ₁ , k _{2 Using} the three previously determined constants, a pulse signal represented by: pulse width = k ₀ + k ₁ × DC current supplied from DC power source + k ₂ × DC voltage supplied from DC power source is generated The DC voltage supplied to the load is controlled to a constant voltage.

A charging apparatus according to an embodiment for carrying out the present invention is connected between a transformer having a primary side winding and a secondary side winding, a primary side winding, and a primary side DC power source. A switching element that supplies AC power to the secondary winding, a primary current detector that detects a primary current that flows through the primary winding, and a primary voltage that is supplied from a DC power source 1 A secondary-side voltage detector; a control unit that generates a pulse signal whose pulse width changes to turn on the switching element; a secondary-side rectifying and smoothing circuit that is connected to the secondary-side winding and generates a secondary-side DC voltage; And the control unit charges the battery mounted on the secondary side by controlling the primary side current during charging, and after the charging is completed, the primary side current, the primary side voltage, and the pulse width combining the three detection with, ternary simultaneous equations, the pulse width = k ₀ + k ₁ Primary current + k ₂ × primary voltage, satisfy, k _0, k _1, k _2, we obtain the three constants, constant k _0, the constant k _1, the constant k _2, each of all, A defective product that determines that the battery is a non-defective product when it is within a predetermined range, and has deteriorated the battery when at least one of constant k ₀ , constant k ₁ , or constant k ₂ is not within the predetermined range. It is determined that

Another embodiment of a charging device for carrying out the present invention is a charging device in which a DC power source is connected to an input side and a battery is connected to an output side, and the DC power supplied from the DC power source is converted into AC power. And a control unit that generates a pulse signal whose pulse width changes to turn on the switching element, and the control unit controls a DC current supplied from a DC power source during charging. When the battery is charged and the charging is completed, three types of combinations of the DC current supplied from the DC power supply, the DC voltage supplied from the DC power supply, and the pulse width are detected, and the pulse width = k ₀ + Three constants k ₀ , k ₁ , k ₂ satisfying k ₁ × DC current supplied from DC power supply + k ₂ × DC voltage supplied from DC power supply are obtained, and constant k ₀ and constant k ₁ are obtained. , Constant k ₂ , The battery is determined to be a non-defective product when each of them is within a predetermined range, and when any one of constant k ₀ , constant k ₁ , and constant k ₂ is not within the predetermined range. Is determined to be a defective product.

(DC constant voltage power supply device of embodiment)
FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a DC constant voltage power supply device according to an embodiment. The principle of the DC constant voltage power supply device of the embodiment will be described with reference to FIG.

  A DC constant voltage power supply device 1 shown in FIG. 1 includes a DC-DC (DC) converter unit (DC / DC converter unit) 10 and a control unit 20.

A DC power supply 30 can be connected to the primary side (input side) of the DC-DC converter unit 10 via the primary side terminal Tp ₁ and the primary side terminal Tp ₂ . A load 40 can be connected to the secondary side (output side) via the secondary side terminal Ts ₁ and the secondary side terminal Ts ₂ . The primary side and the secondary side are insulated by a transformer 101. The transformer 101 includes a primary side winding 102 and a secondary side winding 103, and the primary side winding 102 and the secondary side winding 103 are wound around the same core 104. The primary winding 102 has Np and the secondary winding 103 has Ns. The primary winding 102 has an exciting inductor Lp.

A resistor 105 and a switching element 106 are connected to the primary side of the DC-DC converter unit 10 in series with the primary side winding 102. One end of the primary side winding 102 is connected to the primary side terminal Tp ₁ , and the series circuit composed of the other end of the primary side winding 102, the resistor 105 and the switching element 106 is connected to the primary side terminal Tp _2. Yes.

  The resistor 105 is a resistor for detecting a current Ip flowing from the DC power supply 30 to the primary side of the DC-DC converter unit 10. The resistance value of the resistor 105 is set to be small so that the power consumed by the resistor 105 is negligibly smaller than the power transmitted by the DC-DC converter unit 10.

  The switching element 106 is a semiconductor element that is turned ON / OFF (ON / OFF: conduction / disconnection) in response to the switching element drive signal Sd from the control unit 20. The switching element drive signal Sd is a pulse signal whose pulse width changes to turn on the switching element 106. In the embodiment, the switching element 106 is formed of a MOSFET (Metal-Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor).

A secondary side rectifying and smoothing circuit having a diode 108 and a capacitor 109 is connected to the secondary side winding 103 of the secondary side of the DC-DC converter unit 10. Both ends of the capacitor 109 are connected to the secondary terminal Ts ₁ and the secondary terminal Ts ₂ . A load 40 is connected to the secondary side terminal Ts ₁ and the secondary side terminal Ts _2, and a voltage Eo is supplied from the secondary side of the DC-DC converter unit 10 to the load 40 and a current Io flows.

The control unit 20 includes a CPU (Central Processing Unit) 201, a first A / D converter (Aid converter) 202, a second A / D converter (Aid converter) 203, a PWM modulator (Peer). (Double M converter) 204 and a switching element driver 205 are formed. The A / D converter 202 is connected to the primary side terminal Tp ₁ , and the A / D converter 203 is connected to the resistor 105. Here, the ground GND of the DC-DC converter unit 10 and the ground GND of the control unit 20 are a common ground with the primary side terminal Tp ₂ as shown in FIG.

  The voltage Ed generated by the DC power supply 30 is input to the A / D converter 202 functioning as a primary side voltage detector. Depending on the withstand voltage of the A / D converter 202, the voltage Ed may be divided and input. A voltage Vs (a voltage corresponding to the current Ip) generated at both ends of the resistor 105 is input to the A / D converter 203 functioning as a primary side current detector. The voltage Vs is a voltage proportional to the current Ip flowing through the primary side of the DC-DC converter unit 10, and since the value of the resistor 105 is set to a known value in advance, the A / D converter 203 detects the current Ip. be able to.

  The CPU 201 is a central part that controls the DC-DC converter unit 10. The CPU 201 includes therein a ROM (ROM) for storing a program and a RAM (RAM) for temporary storage, both of which are not shown. The CPU 201, the A / D converter 202, the A / D converter 203, and the PWM modulator 204 are connected via a bus line.

  The A / D converter 202 converts the voltage Ed, which is an analog value of the voltage supplied from the DC power supply 30 to the primary side of the DC-DC converter unit 10, into a digital value DEd, and the digital value DEd according to the request of the CPU 201. Is sent to the CPU 201. The A / D converter 203 converts the voltage Vs, which is an analog value corresponding to the current Ip supplied from the DC power supply 30 to the primary side of the DC-DC converter unit 10, into a digital value DVs, and in response to a request from the CPU 201. The digital value DVs is sent to the CPU 201.

  The PWM modulator 204 generates a PWM signal (Pulse Width Modulation signal: Pulse width modulation signal) Opwm in accordance with the digital value Do of the control calculation result performed by the CPU 201. The PWM signal Opwm is a signal whose duty factor of pulse width is represented by Ton / Ts. Time Ton is a time for generating a signal for turning on the switching element 106. The time Ts is one cycle time. Here, the time for generating a signal for turning off the switching element 106 is time Toff, and time Ts = time Ton + time Toff. The PWM signal Opwm is repeatedly generated with the time Ts as one cycle.

  The switching element driver 205 generates a switching element drive signal Sd that is a signal for driving the switching element 106. When the switching element driver 205 operates without delay, the value of the duty factor Df of the switching element drive signal Sd matches the duty factor Ton / Ts of the PWM signal Opwm. Further, the duty factor Ton / Ts of the PWM signal Opwm corresponds to the digital value Do output from the CPU 201. When there is no conversion error in the PWM modulator 204, the duty factor represented by the digital value Do matches the duty factor of the PWM signal Opwm.

  The DC constant voltage power supply device 1 shown in FIG. 1 is characterized in that the control unit 20 is connected only to the primary side, and the secondary side and the control unit 20 are not connected.

  Hereinafter, the operation of the DC constant voltage power supply device 1 shown in FIG. 1 will be described with reference to mathematical expressions. In the following equation, Ip is the primary current Ip, Ed is the primary voltage Ed, Lp is the inductance of the exciting inductor Lp formed by the primary winding 102, Ton is the time Ton, and Ts is the time Ts. Np represents the number of turns of the primary winding 102, Ns represents the number of turns of the secondary winding 103, and Io represents the secondary current Io (see FIG. 1).

  The current Ip is expressed by Equation 1. The first term represents the excitation current, and the second term represents the current obtained by converting the current flowing through the load 40 to the primary side.

Ip = Ed / Lp × Ton / Ts + Ns / Np × Io

  The voltage Vs across the resistor 105 is expressed by Equation 2.

Vs = Rs × Ip ・ ・ ・ ・ Formula 2

  Equation 3 is obtained from Equation 1 and Equation 2.

Io = Np / Ns x (Vs / Rs-Ed / Lp x Ton / Ts)

  Equations 1 to 3 have been derived assuming that the DC constant voltage power supply device 1 shown in FIG. 1 is lossless. When the DC constant voltage power supply 1 has a loss, it is not easy to develop further mathematical formulas. However, the inventors described in the application of the present application (hereinafter abbreviated as the inventors) that Eo, Ed, Vs, and Ton / Ts have the relationship shown in the following formula 4. Paid attention, and planned future theoretical developments. In the following description, the duty factor Df = Ton / Ts will be described.

Eo = f (Ed, Vs, Df) ... Formula 4

The meaning of Equation 4 is as follows. The voltage Eo supplied to the load 40 connected via the secondary terminal Ts ₁ and the secondary terminal Ts ₂ of the DC-DC converter unit 10 is the voltage Ed, the voltage Vs (current Ip), and the duty factor Df. It is that it is a function.

  If the function shown in Equation 4 can be specified, the value of the voltage Eo can be specified by the voltage Ed, the voltage Vs, and the duty factor Df. Here, since the voltage Ed is determined by the performance and state of the DC power supply 30, the control unit 20 cannot control the value of the voltage Ed itself. However, with the configuration shown in FIG. 1, the CPU 201 can detect the value of the voltage Ed. Further, the duty factor Df can be determined by the control unit 20 itself. Therefore, the control unit 20 can determine the value of the voltage Eo by performing an operation of inputting the value of the voltage Ed and the value of the voltage Vs to the CPU 201 and outputting the duty factor Df as the digital value Do of the control operation result. It becomes.

  Furthermore, Formula 4 includes all the incidental components inherent in the actual DC constant voltage power supply apparatus configured by hardware (not shown) in the DC constant voltage power supply apparatus 1 shown in FIG. All the incidental components are, for example, components not shown in the circuit diagram shown in FIG. 1 generated according to the loss components other than the exciting inductor Lp shown in FIG. 1 and the characteristics of the load.

  Typical loss components not shown in the circuit diagram shown in FIG. 1 included in Equation 4 are copper loss of wiring and transformer 101 (copper loss of primary winding 102 and secondary winding 103), The iron loss of the core 104 of the transformer 101, the dielectric loss of the capacitor 109, the forward loss and switching loss of the switching element 106, and the forward loss and switching loss of the diode 108. The loss components of these DC constant voltage power supply devices are not expressed in Equations 1 to 3, but Equation 4 includes all these effects.

  Equation 4 implicitly includes the characteristics of the load 40. Here, regardless of whether the characteristic of the load 40 is a resistive load, an inductive load, or a capacitive load, the state of the load is included in Equation 4. The load state is also included in Equation 4 when the load 40 does not have a linear characteristic. In an actual DC constant voltage power supply device, the operation of the DC constant voltage power supply device is affected according to the characteristics of the load 40. For example, the waveform of the current Ip varies depending on whether the load 40 is a resistive load, an inductive load, or a capacitive load, and the magnitude of the loss component of the DC constant voltage power supply device also varies. Make a difference. These are not represented in Equations 1 through 3, but Equation 4 includes all these effects.

  Formula 4 is an important formula in the present embodiment in that it includes a loss component that is difficult to formulate and also includes a load characteristic that is difficult to formulate. However, it is difficult to specify Formula 4 as an exact formula. For example, when the load 40 is a battery, chemical change is involved, and as a practical problem, it is difficult to specify the mathematical expression 4 as an exact expression.

  Therefore, the inventors actually manufactured the DC constant voltage power supply device 1 shown in the circuit diagram of FIG. 1, connected an actual load, obtained an experimental result, and obtained an experimental result based on the experimental result. Based on the data, I came up with the idea of using Equation 4.

  The DC constant voltage power supply device shown in the circuit diagram of FIG. 1 actually manufactured by the inventors is denoted as a DC constant voltage power supply device 1R. Further, the load actually used by the inventors is expressed as a load 40R. Further, the DC power supply actually used by the inventors will be described as a DC power supply 30R and will be described below.

  As described above, the DC constant voltage power supply 1R is an actual DC constant voltage power supply in which an accompanying component such as a loss is added to the DC constant voltage power supply 1 shown in FIG. The load 40R is a variable resistor. The DC power supply 30R is a stabilized DC power supply, and is substantially the same as the DC power supply 30 that is an ideal power supply (output impedance is zero and voltage fluctuation is zero) shown in FIG.

  The DC constant voltage power supply device 1R was manufactured as follows. Parts of the same manufacturer and the same model number were used as the transformer 101, the switching element 106, the resistor 105, the diode 108, and the capacitor 109, which are the main parts constituting the apparatus. These components are arranged on the same printed circuit board (not shown) so that the positional relationship between the wiring pattern and the components is the same. Such a manufacturing method is a normal method performed in a general commercial apparatus.

  There was almost no variation in characteristics among the individual DC constant voltage power supply devices 1R manufactured in this way. Here, as described above, the inspection of the variation in characteristics was performed using a variable resistor as the load 40R and a stabilized DC power source with variable voltage as the DC power source 30R.

  Specifically, the characteristic variation was inspected as follows. First, data was collected for one DC constant voltage power supply apparatus 1R as follows.

The value of the voltage Ed of the DC power source 30R is fixed with Ed _1, while sequentially reducing the value of resistance of the load 40R, a certain and Eo values of the voltage Eo by detecting the voltage Eo across the load 40R voltmeter As described above, the digital value Do output from the CPU 201 is set by a host computer (not shown) connected to a Do setting terminal (see FIG. 1).

At this time, the value of the voltage Vs (corresponding to the current Ip) is increased by ΔVs (ΔIs), and Vs ₁ , Vs ₂ ,... Vs _(n−1) , Vs which are predetermined values. The resistance value of the load 40R was changed so as to be _n . ΔVs (ΔIs) is a predetermined value. Then, Df ₁₁ , Df ₁₂ ,... Df _{1 (n−1)} , Df _1n which are values of the duty factor Df of the switching element drive signal Sd at this time were read from the oscilloscope. The value of the duty factor Df when the value of the voltage Vs is Vs ₁ is Df ₁₁ , and the value of the digital value Do is Do ₁₁ . Here, the first subscript of Df ₁₁ means that the value of the voltage Ed of the DC power source 30R in Ed _1, 2 th subscript Df ₁₁ means that corresponds to the voltage Vs _1.

Similarly, a value of duty factor Df when the value Vs _n voltage Vs Df _1n, the value of the digital value Do is Do _1n. When the value of the analog voltage Ed input to the A / D converter 202 is Ed ₁ V (volts), the digital value DEd ₁ is output from the A / D converter 202. The resistance value of the load 40R is R ₁₁ when the voltage Vs is Vs ₁ , R ₁₂ when the voltage Vs is Vs ₂ ,..., The voltage Vs is Vs _{(n−1). )} R _{1 (n−1)} , and when the voltage Vs is Vs _n , R _1n .

Further, in the same manner, a plurality of DC constant voltage power supplies for a plurality of DC constant voltage power supply devices 1R with respect to Vs ₁ , Vs ₂ ,... Vs _(n−1) , Vs _n which are predetermined values. For each of the devices 1R, the values of Df ₁₁ , Df ₁₂ ,... Df _{1 (n-1)} , Df _1n and Do ₁₁ , Do ₁₂ , ... Do _{1 (n-1)} , Do _1n And data of R ₁₁ , R ₁₂ ,..., R _{1 (n−1)} , R _1n at this time were collected. Here, the first subscript Do ₁₁ means that the value of the voltage Ed of the DC power source 30R in Ed _1, 2 th subscript Do ₁₁ means that corresponds to the voltage Vs _1.

Then, the inventors set Vs ₁ , Vs ₂ ,... Vs _(n−1) , Df ₁₁ with respect to Vs _n , which are predetermined values between the plurality of DC constant voltage power supply devices 1R. Df ₁₂ , ... Df _{1 (n-1)} , Df _1n and Do ₁₁ , Do ₁₂ , ... Do _{1 (n-1)} , Do _1n and R _{11 at} this time , R ₁₂ ,..., R _{1 (n-1)} , R _1n values were confirmed to match with almost no error. And it confirmed that there was almost no dispersion | variation in the characteristic between DC constant voltage power supply devices 1R.

Furthermore, the inventors changed the value of the voltage Ed of the DC power supply 30R from Ed ₁ to Ed ₂ so as to make the value of the voltage Eo constant. At this time, in the same manner, a plurality of DC constant voltage power supply devices 1R with respect to Vs ₁ , Vs ₂ ,... Vs _(n−1) , Vs _n which are predetermined values. For each of the voltage power supply devices 1R, Df ₂₁ , Df ₂₂ ,... Df _{2 (n-1)} , Df _2n and Do ₂₁ , Do ₂₂ , ... Do _{2 (n-1)} , Data of Do _2n and R ₂₁ , R ₂₂ ,..., R _{2 (n-1)} , R _2n at this time were collected. And it confirmed that there was almost no dispersion | variation in the characteristic between DC constant voltage power supply devices 1R. Note that when the value of the analog voltage Ed input to the A / D converter 202 is Ed ₂ V (volts), the digital value DEd ₂ is output from the A / D converter 202.

Furthermore, the inventors changed the value of the voltage Ed of the DC power supply 30R to Ed _m so as to make the value of the voltage Eo constant. At this time, in the same manner, a plurality of DC constant voltage power supply devices 1R with respect to Vs ₁ , Vs ₂ ,... Vs _(n−1) , Vs _n which are predetermined values. for each of the voltage power supply _{1R, Df m1, Df m2,} ···· Df m (n-1), the value of _{Df mn, Do m1, Do m2} , ···· Do m (n-1), The value of Do _{mn and} the data of R _m1 , R _m2 ,... R _{m (n-1)} , R _mn were collected. And it confirmed that there was almost no dispersion | variation in the characteristic between DC constant voltage power supply devices 1R.

When the switching element driver 205 operates without delay and the PWM modulator 204 has no error, the duty factor Df ₁₁ , Df ₁₂ ,... Df _{1 (n−1)} of the switching element drive signal Sd Df _1n value and PWM signal Opwm duty factor (Ton / Ts) ₁₁ , (Ton / Ts) ₁₂ , ... (Ton / Ts) _{1 (n-1)} , (Ton / Ts) _1n The values coincide with the duty factor values indicated by the values of Do ₁₁ , Do ₁₂ ,... Do _{1 (n−1)} , Do _1n output by the CPU 201. Therefore, even if control is performed based on the values of Do ₁₁ , Do ₁₂ ,..., Do _{1 (n-1)} , Do _1n output by the CPU 201, there is almost no variation in characteristics between the DC constant voltage power supply devices 1R. Does not occur.

  Based on the above results, the inventors have obtained the following findings. That is, the DC constant voltage power supply device 1R is detected in advance from the value of the voltage Ed of the DC power supply 30R and the value of the voltage Vs (current Ip) detected from both ends of the resistor 105, which are information obtained from the primary side. We obtained the knowledge that the value of voltage Eo can be kept constant by referring to the digital value Do corresponding to the duty factor.

  No information on the characteristics of the load 40R is used when controlling the DC constant voltage power supply device 1R. Therefore, when such control is performed, the characteristics of the load (for example, resistance, inductivity, capacitance, etc.) are not specified. It is not what is done. For example, even when the battery that is an element accompanied by a chemical change is the load 40R, the DC constant voltage power supply apparatus 1R of the present embodiment can be controlled without paying any attention to the nature of the load.

(Example)
Examples will be described with reference to Table 1. The embodiment shows data on a DC constant voltage power supply device 1R that actually manufactured the DC constant voltage power supply device 1 shown in FIG. The voltage Eo was set to be constant 5 V (volt), the voltage Ed was changed from 9 V to 12.57 V, and the current Io was changed from 1 A (ampere) to 5 A.

  Table 1 shows the values of the digital value Do with respect to the digital value DEd and the digital value DVs.

The digital value DEd on the left side of Table 1 will be described. The numerical value 1618 in the first row is the digital value DEd ₁ when the analog voltage Ed output from the DC power supply 30R is 9V. The numerical value 1699 in the second row is the digital value DEd ₂ when the analog voltage Ed output from the DC power supply 30R is 9.451V. The numerical value 1778 in the third row is the digital value DEd ₃ when the analog voltage Ed output from the DC power supply 30R is 9.890V. The numerical value 1860 in the fourth row is the digital value DEd ₄ when the analog voltage Ed output from the DC power supply 30R is 10.35V. The numerical value 1940 in the fifth row is the digital value DEd ₅ when the analog voltage Ed output from the DC power supply 30R is 10.79V. The numerical value 2021 in the sixth row is the digital value DEd ₆ when the analog voltage Ed output from the DC power supply 30R is 11.24V. The numerical value 2101 in the seventh row is the digital value DEd ₇ when the analog voltage Ed output from the DC power supply 30R is 11.69V. The numerical value 2180 in the eighth row is the digital value DEd ₈ when the analog voltage Ed output from the DC power supply 30R is 12.13V. The numerical value 2260 in the ninth row is the digital value DEd ₉ when the analog voltage Ed output from the DC power supply 30R is 12.57V.

The upper digital value DVs in Table 1 will be described. A numerical value 74 in the first column is a digital value DVs ₁ corresponding to the analog voltage Vs ₁ obtained from the resistor 105. A numerical value 139 in the second column is a digital value DVs ₂ corresponding to the analog voltage Vs ₂ obtained from the resistor 105. A numerical value 209 in the third column is a digital value DVs ₃ corresponding to the analog voltage Vs ₃ obtained from the resistor 105. A numerical value 285 in the fourth column is a digital value DVs ₄ corresponding to the analog voltage Vs ₄ obtained from the resistor 105. A numerical value 369 in the fifth column is a digital value DVs ₅ corresponding to the analog voltage Vs ₅ obtained from the resistor 105. A numerical value 466 in the sixth column is a digital value DVs ₆ corresponding to the analog voltage Vs ₆ obtained from the resistor 105.

Do in Table 1 corresponds to the digital value DEd ₉ and the digital value DVs ₆ from the value of the digital value Do ₁₁ (number 886 in the upper left corner) output by the CPU 201 corresponding to the digital value DEd ₁ and the digital value DVs _1. It represents the value up to the digital value Do ₉₆ output by the CPU 201 (the numerical value 874 in the lower right corner). That is, Do in Table 1 is a digital value output by the CPU 201 in order to keep the voltage Eo constant at 5V.

(Example of the first control method)
The CPU 201 of the control unit 20 refers to the data shown in Table 1 written in the RAM or ROM of the control unit 20 and outputs a digital value Do. For example, it is detected that the analog voltage Ed output from the DC power supply 30R is 9 V (the digital value DEd ₁ is 1618) and the analog voltage Vs obtained from the resistor 105 (DVs ₁ is 74). In this case, Do ₁₁ (digital value Do ₁₁ is 886) is output as the digital value Do.

The CPU 201 of the control unit 20 corresponds to the analog voltage Vs ₁ obtained from the resistor 105, for example, the analog voltage Ed output from the DC power supply 30R is 9.890 V (the digital value DEd ₃ is 1778). When it is detected that the value of the digital value DVs ₁ to be detected is 74, Do ₃₁ (the value of the digital value Do ₃₁ is 809) is output as the digital value Do.

Further, the CPU 201 of the control unit 20 has an analog voltage Ed output from the DC power supply 30R of 12.57V (digital value DEd ₉ is 2260), and corresponds to the analog voltage Vs ₂ obtained from the resistor 105. When it is detected that the numerical value of the digital value DVs ₂ to be detected is 139, Do ₉₂ (the numerical value of the digital value Do ₉₂ is 663) is output as the digital value Do.

Further, the CPU 201 of the control unit 20 corresponds to the analog voltage Vs ₄ obtained from the resistor 105, for example, the analog voltage Ed output from the DC power supply 30R is 11.24 V (the digital value DEd ₆ is 2021). When it is detected that the value of the digital value DVs ₄ to be processed is 285, Do ₆₄ (the value of the digital value Do ₆₄ is 868) is output as the digital value Do.

  Similarly, the CPU 201 of the control unit 20 detects the value of the digital value DEd corresponding to the analog voltage Ed output from the DC power supply 30R, and uses the digital value DVs corresponding to the analog voltage Vs obtained from the resistor 105. The digital value Do obtained by detecting and referring to Table 1 is output. If a digital value DEd that is not in Table 1 is detected, and a digital value DVs that is not in Table 1 is detected, any one of rounding down, rounding up, and rounding is performed. Outputs the value Do.

(Example of the second control method)
In the embodiment of the first control method described above, the CPU 201 of the control unit 20 has 54 data (digital values Do ₁₁ ...) Written in the RAM or ROM of the control unit 20 as shown in Table 1. • Control by referring to Do ₉₆ ). However, the number of data shown in Table 1 is small, and the accuracy of control deteriorates when any one of rounding down, rounding up, and rounding is performed. On the other hand, when the number of data is increased, the control accuracy is improved, but the capacity of the RAM or ROM needs to be increased. Furthermore, it is necessary to collect a large number of digital value Do data by a laborious experiment. In the embodiment of the second control method, these problems are solved as follows.

Equations 7 to 9 are ternary simultaneous equations based on the data shown in Table 1. Here, k ₀ , k ₁ , and k ₂ are constants. Each of Expressions 7 to 9 is a first-order approximation expression for obtaining the digital value Do.

809 (digital value Do ₃₁ )
= k ₀ + k ₁ × 74 (digital value DVs ₁ ) + k ₂ × 1778 (digital value DEd ₃ ) Equation 7

663 (digital value Do ₉₂ )
= k ₀ + k ₁ × 139 (digital value DVs ₂ ) + k ₂ × 2260 (digital value DEd ₉ ) Equation 8

868 (digital value Do ₆₄ )
= k ₀ + k ₁ × 285 (digital value DVs ₄ ) + k ₂ × 2021 (digital value DEd ₆ ) Equation 9

  A relational expression between the three values of the digital value Do, the digital value DV, and the digital value DEd is expressed as a general formula (10). The digital value Do and the pulse width of the pulse signal (switching element drive signal Sd) for controlling the switching element 106 have a one-to-one correspondence.

Digital value Do = k ₀ + k ₁ × digital value DVs + k ₂ × digital value DEd Expression 10

When the three undetermined constants k ₀ , k ₁ , and k _{2 of} the general formula 10 are determined from the ternary simultaneous equations of the formulas 7 to 9, the formula shown in the formula 11 is obtained.

Digital value Do
= 1471 + 0.744 x (digital value DVs)-0.403 x (digital value DEd) ... Formula 11

That is, k ₀ = 1471, k ₁ = 0.744, k ₂ = -0.403.

  The digital value DVs and the digital value DEd are taken into the CPU 201, and the CPU 201 performs an operation based on Expression 10. Then, by outputting a digital value Do as a calculation result from the CPU 201, the DC-DC converter unit 10 can be controlled, and the value of the voltage Eo can be maintained at a constant value of 5V. Here, Expression 10 (Expression 11 in the actual DC constant voltage power supply apparatus 1R) is a first-order approximation expression. However, since the values obtained by converting the voltage Ed and the voltage Vs, which are continuous quantities, into digital values by the A / D converter 202 and the A / D converter 203 are directly used, they are more accurate than in the first embodiment of the control method. It is possible to calculate and output a digital value Do corresponding to a pulse width and one-to-one. As a result, the constant voltage characteristic of the DC constant voltage power supply device can be improved.

In short, the DC constant voltage power supply device of the present embodiment has an initial value k ₀ , a primary side current (voltage across the resistor 105), which is three inherent constants k ₀ , k ₁ , k _{2 for} each device. Vs, the proportionality factor k _2, for proportionality coefficient k _1, 1 primary voltage (voltage Ed) with respect to the current Ip) determined. Then, as a first-order approximation, the pulse width of the switching element is controlled according to the digital value Do by the digital value Do = k ₀ + k ₁ × digital value DVs + k ₂ × digital value DEd (see Equation 10) It is. Differences in the circuit configuration, circuit operation, and load characteristics of the DC constant voltage power supply device are all reflected in the three inherent constants k ₀ , k ₁ , k ₂ . Implementation is possible regardless of various differences.

  In short, another DC constant voltage power supply device according to this embodiment stores m × n pulse widths corresponding to m primary currents and n primary voltages in RAM or ROM in advance. Keep it. Each time the primary side current and the primary side voltage are detected, the RAM or ROM is referred to and a pulse signal (switching element drive signal Sd) having a corresponding pulse width is output, so that the DC voltage output from the secondary side is obtained. It can be kept constant. Since the difference in the circuit configuration of the DC constant voltage power supply device, the difference in circuit operation, and the difference in the characteristics of the load are all reflected in m × n pulse widths stored in advance in the RAM or ROM, Implementation is possible regardless of these various differences.

  As described above, in the DC constant voltage power supply apparatus according to the present embodiment, in a converter using a transformer, commercial power is supplied by detecting a current flowing in the primary side and a voltage applied to the primary side. There is an effect that the DC voltage on the secondary side separated from the primary side by the transformer is made constant by controlling only the primary side. Insulation separation between the primary side and the secondary side is performed by a transformer. For a signal input to the control system, a part such as a photocoupler for insulating the primary side and the secondary side is unnecessary. Therefore, even when the primary side voltage and the secondary side voltage are greatly different, there is no need for a component that requires a high withstand voltage for separating the primary side and the secondary side other than the transformer. Insulation separation between the side and the secondary side can be facilitated.

  The first control method and the second control method described above can be implemented in any DC constant voltage power supply device. For example, the present invention can be implemented not only for the on / on type forward converter as described above but also for the on / off type flyback converter. The present invention can also be implemented when a circuit using various transformers such as a single switching element converter, a half bridge converter, and a full bridge converter is employed. Furthermore, it can be implemented in various converters such as buck converters, boost converters, SEPIC, Zeta, and Cuk that do not use a transformer. That is, it can be implemented in all DC-DC converters (DC / DC converters) that connect a DC power supply to the input side and connect a load to the output side to supply DC power. The DC power source connected to the input side may be obtained by converting AC power from a commercial AC power source into DC power.

(Battery charger with battery deterioration detection function)
The DC constant voltage power supply device of the embodiment shown in FIG. 1 can also function as a charging device by making the control method in the control unit 20 different from that of the DC constant voltage power supply device 1. FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating a battery charging device 2 according to the embodiment.

  Since the charging device 2 shown in FIG. 2 uses a battery as the load 40, the following description is given with the battery 40 as a reference.

  In each component of the charging device 2 shown in FIG. 2, the same components as those in FIG. The DC power source 30 is, for example, a combination of a solar cell and a battery (not shown), a battery (not shown) that converts AC power from a commercial AC power source into DC power, and is charged by this DC power, a wind power generator Various DC power sources such as combinations of batteries and batteries (not shown) are used.

  FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating a charging device 3 according to another embodiment. The battery charger 3 with a battery deterioration detection function shown in FIG. 3 includes a rectifying / smoothing unit 50 for rectifying AC power from a commercial AC power source into DC power in addition to the components of the DC constant voltage power source device 1 shown in FIG. I have.

  The rectifying / smoothing unit 50 has a plug 501 for connecting to a commercial AC power supply (not shown). In addition, it has a diode bridge 502 that is bridge-connected. A capacitor 503 is also provided. The commercial AC power supply outputs single-phase 100V (effective value) or 200V (effective value) 50Hz or 60Hz AC power. The diode bridge 502 rectifies AC power and converts it into pulsating power. The capacitor 503 smoothes the pulsating power and obtains DC power from both ends of the capacitor 503. When the effective value of the commercial AC power supply is 100V, the value of the DC voltage obtained from both ends of the capacitor 503 is around 141V. When the effective value of the commercial AC power supply is 200V, the value of the DC voltage obtained from both ends of the capacitor 503 is around 282V.

  When the commercial AC power source outputs 3-phase 200 V (effective value) 50 Hz or 60 Hz AC power, it can be handled by providing a 3-phase rectifier circuit (not shown).

  FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a battery charging device 4 according to still another embodiment. The battery charger 4 shown in FIG. 4 includes a power factor improving unit 60. In the case where the power factor improving unit 60 is provided, a full-wave rectified waveform that is not smoothed by reducing the capacitance of the capacitor 503 of the rectifying and smoothing unit 50 or not providing the capacitor 503 is input to the power factor improving unit 60. To.

  The power factor improvement unit 60 connected to the converter unit 10 outputs a voltage Ed having an arbitrary constant voltage to the converter unit 10. Such a power factor improvement unit 60 that improves the power factor and outputs an arbitrary constant voltage is a well-known technique. When the configuration having the power factor improving unit 60 is adopted, the power factor can be improved and the value of the voltage Ed supplied to the converter unit 10 can be set to an arbitrary constant voltage. The value of the voltage Ed is higher than the maximum voltage obtained from a commercial AC power supply when the power factor improvement unit is configured as a boost converter that is a well-known technique. The charging device 4 provided with the power factor improvement unit 60 is expensive because it includes the power factor improvement unit 60. On the other hand, the charging device 3 that does not include the power factor improvement unit 60 can be supplied at a lower price.

  In the charging device 2, the charging device 3 including the primary side rectifier circuit, or the charging device 4 including the power factor improving unit 60, the configuration of the converter unit 10 is the same as that illustrated in FIG. The side voltage is 141V or higher. For example, when the secondary side voltage is about 400 V, the transformer 101 and the switching element 106 correspond to this. The primary side winding 102 and the secondary side winding 103 of the transformer 101 correspond to the primary side voltage and the secondary side voltage, respectively, and the withstand voltage of the switching element 106 also corresponds to this.

  In the charging device 2 with a battery deterioration detection function, the charging device 3 with a battery deterioration detection function, and the charging device 4 with a battery deterioration detection function, the battery 40 is, for example, an automobile battery that generates a voltage of 400V. . The battery 40 and the converter unit 10 can be connected or disconnected by a dedicated outlet (not shown) that can be attached and detached.

  The configuration of the control unit 20 is the same as that shown in FIG. 1, but the voltage Ed is divided and input to the A / D converter 202. The CPU 201 of the control unit 20 performs calculation processing for charging the battery 40 and calculation processing for detection of deterioration (deterioration detection). The switching element driver 205 generates a voltage sufficient to drive the switching element 106.

Using a non-degraded charged non-defective battery 40, the voltage Ed is changed within a predetermined range and the voltage Vs is changed within a predetermined range, and k ₀ , k ₁ , k ₂ expressed by Equation 10 is obtained. _, obtaining the three undetermined constants in advance. Here _, the constant values of k ₀ , k ₁ , k ₂ in the DC constant voltage power supply device described above are different from the constant values of k ₀ , k ₁ , k ₂ in the charging device of the present embodiment. It is. In the charging device according to the present embodiment, it is possible to detect whether or not the battery 40 is a non-defective product, that is, whether or not the battery 40 is deteriorated _{, based} on three inherent constants k ₀ , k ₁ , and k ₂ .

  Here, changing the voltage Ed within a predetermined range means that when the effective voltage of the commercial AC power supply can be changed in the range of 90V to 110V, for example, the voltage Ed is changed in the range of 126V to 155V. Means that. For example, when the voltage of the battery 40 is 400 V, the value of the primary current Ip is 100 A (ampere) to 10 A, and the value of the resistor 105 is 0.05 Ω (ohms), the voltage Changing Vs within a predetermined range means changing Vs within a range of 0.05 × 100 = 5 (V) to 0.05 × 10 = 0.5 (V).

A non-defective battery 40 that has been fully charged is connected to the charging device 4 shown in FIG. 4 _, and values of k ₀ , k ₁ , k ₂ for the non-defective battery 40 are obtained. Specifically, how to obtain the three undetermined constants k ₀ , k ₁ , and k _{2 in} Equation 10 is as follows.

For example, when the voltage Ed is 126V, the digital value is the digital value DEd ₁ , when the voltage Ed is 140V, the digital value DEd is the digital value DEd _2, and when the voltage Ed is 155V, the digital value DEd is the digital value DEd ₃ And The correspondence between the voltage Ed and the digital value DEd is determined in advance by the characteristics of the A / D converter 202. Here, the value of the voltage Ed ₁ to voltage Ed ₃ and the digital values DED ₁ to a digital value DED ₃ in the above-described DC constant voltage power supply voltage Ed ₁ to voltage Ed ₃ and the digital values DED in the charging device of the present embodiment _The values of _{1 to the} digital value DEd ₃ are different.

When the voltage Vs is 0.5V, the digital value DVs is the digital value DVs _{1. When} the voltage Vs is 2.75V, the digital value DVs is the digital value DVs _{2. When} the voltage Vs is 5V, the digital value DVs is digital. the value DVs _3. The correspondence between the voltage Vs and the digital value DVs is determined in advance by the characteristics of the A / D converter 203. Here, the value of the voltage Vs ₁ to voltage Vs ₃ and the digital values DVs ₁ to a digital value DVs ₃ in the above-described DC constant voltage power supply voltage Vs ₁ to voltage Vs ₃ and the digital values DVs in the charging device of the present embodiment _The value _{1 to the} digital value DVs ₃ itself is different.

Then, for example, three undetermined constants k ₀ , k ₁ , and k ₂ are obtained as follows.

When the voltage Ed is 126 V (digital value DEd ₁ ) and the voltage Vs is 0.5 V (digital value DVs ₁ ), a digital value Do ₁ corresponding to the duty factor Df ₁ is obtained in a state where the battery 40 is connected, and Equation 12 is obtained. obtain. Further, when the voltage Ed is 140 V (digital value DEd ₂ ) and the voltage Vs is 2.75 V (digital value DVs ₂ ), the digital value Do ₂ corresponding to the duty factor Df ₂ is obtained in the state where the battery 40 is connected. 13 is obtained. Further, the voltage Ed 155 V (digital value DED _3), determined in the state a voltage Vs which a digital value Do ₃ corresponding duty factor Df ₃ in the case of 5V (digital value DVs ₃ connects the battery 40 to give the formula 14 Here, the value of the digital value Do _{1 to the} digital value Do ₃ in the DC constant voltage power supply device described above is different from the value of the digital value Do _{1 to the} digital value Do ₃ in the charging device of the present embodiment.

Digital value Do ₁ = k ₀ + k ₁ × digital value DVs ₁ + k ₂ × digital value DEd ₁

Digital value Do ₂ = k ₀ + k ₁ × digital value DVs ₂ + k ₂ × digital value DEd ₂ ··· Equation 13

Digital value Do ₃ = k ₀ + k ₁ × digital value DVs ₃ + k ₂ × digital value DEd ₃ ··· Equation 14

Then, three undetermined constants k ₀ , k ₁ , and k ₂ shown in Expression 10 are obtained from the ternary simultaneous equations of Expressions 12 to 14. The values of k ₀ , k ₁ , k ₂ are a set of three constants for the reference non-defective battery 40. Therefore, k _REFB0 = k ₀ , k _REFB1 = k ₁ , and k _REFB2 = k ₂ are replaced with each of them.

Here, as described above, when k _REFB0 , k _REFB1 , and k _REFB2 are obtained by changing the voltage Ed from _126V to _155V , the charging device can change the voltage Ed. It must have the configuration of For example, the above-described charging device having a power factor improving unit must be used. In the case of using a charging device having a power factor improving unit, k _REFB0 , k _REFB1 , and k _REFB2 can be obtained by changing the voltage Ed.

However, it is difficult to specify k _REFB0 , k _REFB1 , and k _REFB2 that are standards in the case where the battery 40 is a good product in a general household. Further, Δk ₀ , Δk ₁ , Δk ₂ , which indicate a range in which the battery 40 is a non-defective product, which will be described later in Equations 18 to 20, need to be obtained. In order to obtain Δk ₀ , Δk ₁ , Δk ₂ , k _REFB0 , k _REFB1 , k _REFB2 must be obtained and statistical processing must be _performed for a plurality of non-defective batteries 40. _REFB0, k _REFB1, k _REFB2, it is difficult to seek.

For these reasons, it is desirable that the values of k _REFB0 , k _REFB1 , k _REFB2 , Δk ₀ , Δk ₁ , Δk ₂ are provided from the battery 40 manufacturer. For example, the numerical values of k _REFB0 , k _REFB1 , k _REFB2 , Δk ₀ , Δk ₁ , Δk ₂ are printed at easy-to-see positions on the battery 40 sold to general users at the manufacturing site.

(Control unit charging process)
In the charging process, the charging device 2, the charging device 3, and the control unit 20 of the charging device 4 perform the same processing. The control unit 20 outputs the digital value Do so that the primary-side current Ip with respect to the passage of time has a predetermined charging current profile. For example, the control unit 20 controls the switching element 106 by outputting the digital value Do so that the current Ip decreases in proportion to the elapsed time from the start of charging. For example, when the current Ip is controlled from 100 A to 10 A after 9 hours have elapsed, the charging current is sequentially reduced from 100 A at a rate of 10 A / hour. Here, when the charging current on the primary side is converted into the value of the voltage Vs, the value of the voltage Vs is sequentially decreased from 5 V at a rate of 0.5 V / hour.

  Specifically, it is as follows. For example, every 10 seconds, the CPU 201 reads a predetermined primary-side current Ip profile (charging current profile) from the RAM or ROM, or obtains it by an arithmetic expression. A digital value DVs corresponding to the voltage Vs (current Ip) is detected. The CPU 201 increases the voltage Vs (current Ip) when the voltage Vs (current Ip) supplied by the charging device 3 is small with respect to the profile of the current Ip to be targeted at that time. The pulse width for turning on the switching element 106 is increased by increasing the digital value Do. On the other hand, the CPU 201 reduces the voltage Vs (current Ip) when the voltage Vs (current Ip) supplied by the charging device 3 is larger than the target current Ip profile at that time. The pulse width for turning on the switching element 106 is reduced by decreasing the digital value Do.

  In this way, the CPU 201 controls to charge the battery 40 with a predetermined charging current profile. As described above, charging is completed after 9 hours when the charging current is 10A. This process is similarly performed in any of the charging device 2, the charging device 3, or the charging device 4 including the power factor improvement unit 60.

(Control unit battery deterioration detection process)
The controller 20 performs the following process for detecting the deterioration of the battery 40 after 9 hours have elapsed and the final charging current has settled to 10 A and the charging operation has been completed. The process of detecting the deterioration of the battery 40 is different between the charging device 4 including the power factor improvement unit 60, the charging device 2 and the charging device 3 that do not include the power factor improvement unit 60. First, how the control unit 20 performs battery deterioration detection processing in the charging device 4 will be described.

  The CPU 201 of the control unit 20 and the CPU (not shown) of the power factor improvement unit 60 cooperate to execute the following procedure. Here, when the charging process is performed, the CPU 201 of the control unit 20 controls the CPU of the power factor improvement unit 60. When performing power factor improvement processing, the CPU of the power factor improvement unit 60 performs power factor improvement processing independently.

Three unknown constants k ₀ , k ₁ , and k ₂ are obtained for the battery 40 that has been charged in the same procedure as when k _REFB0 , k _REFB1 , and k _REFB2 are detected. The three constants k ₀ , k ₁ , k ₂ for the battery 40 are expressed as k _A0 , k _A1 , k _A2 below.

The procedure similar to that for detecting k _REFB0 , k _REFB1 , and k _REFB2 is as follows. The digital value Do ₁ corresponding to the duty factor Df ₁ when the voltage Ed is 126 V (digital value DEd ₁ ) and the voltage Vs is 0.5 V (digital value DVs ₁ ) is obtained by an actual circuit, and Equation 15 is obtained. Further, when the voltage Ed is 140 V (digital value DEd ₂ ) and the voltage Vs is 2.75 V (digital value DVs ₂ ), the digital value Do ₂ corresponding to the duty factor Df ₂ is obtained by an actual circuit, and Expression 16 is obtained. . Further, the voltage Ed 155 V (digital value DED _3), the voltage Vs determined by actual circuit the duty factor Df ₃ corresponding digital value Do ₃ in the case of a 5V (digital value DVs _3, to obtain a formula 17.

Digital value Do ₁ = k _A0 + k _A1 × digital value DVs ₁ + k _A2 × digital value DEd ₁ ··· Formula 15

Digital value Do ₂ = k _A0 + k _A1 × digital value DVs ₂ + k _A2 × digital value DEd ₂

Digital value Do ₃ = k _A0 + k _A1 × digital value DVs ₃ + k _A2 × digital value DEd ₃ ··· Equation 17

K _A0 , k _A1 , and k _A2 are obtained from Expressions 15 to 17.

  The following formulas 18 to 20 are calculated.

Δk ₀ = | k _REFB0 -k _A0 |

Δk ₁ = | k _REFB1 -k _A1 |

Δk ₂ = | k _REFB2 -k _A2 |

  Next, judgment operations of Formula 21 to Formula 23 are performed.

Δk ₀ ≦ Δk _{REF0 ..} Formula 21

Δk ₁ ≦ Δk _REF1 .. Formula 22

Δk ₂ ≦ Δk _REF2

Here, each of Δk _REF0 and Δk _REF1 Δk _REF2 is a limit of a range of non-defective product variations when the battery 40 is a battery of the same specification (narrowly, a battery of the same model number manufactured at the same factory). . Each of Δk _REF0 , Δk _{REF1 and} Δk _{REF2 is} for each of a plurality of non-defective batteries according to the above procedure for many non-defective batteries of the same specification (narrowly, batteries of the same model number manufactured at the same factory). After obtaining k _A0 , k _A1 , and k _A2 , the maximum allowable variation range was obtained by experiments.

  That is, when all of Equation 21, Equation 22, and Equation 23 hold, the battery 40 is determined to be a non-defective product. On the other hand, if any one of Equation 21, Equation 22, and Equation 23 does not hold, it is determined that the battery 40 is a defective product that has deteriorated.

  A description will be given of how the control unit 20 performs battery deterioration detection processing in the charging device 3 and the charging device 2 that do not include the power factor improvement unit 60.

Three uncertain constants k ₀ , k ₁ , k ₂ are obtained for the battery 40 that has been charged. The three constants k ₀ , k ₁ , k ₂ for the battery 40 are expressed as k _A0 , k _A1 , k _A2 below.

When the voltage Ed is the voltage Ed ₁ (digital value DEd ₁ ) and the voltage Vs is 0.5 V (digital value DVs ₁ ), the digital value Do ₁ corresponding to the duty factor Df ₁ is obtained by an actual circuit, and the above-described equation 15 Get. In addition, when the voltage Ed is the voltage Ed ₂ (digital value DEd ₂ ) and the voltage Vs is 2.75 V (digital value DVs ₂ ), the digital value Do ₂ corresponding to the duty factor Df ₂ is obtained by an actual circuit and described above. Equation 16 is obtained. The voltage Ed voltage Ed ₃ (digital value DED _3), determined in real circuit the duty factor Df ₃ corresponding digital value Do ₃ when the voltage Vs of 5V (digital value DVs _3, Equation 17 described above obtain.

K _A0 , k _A1 , and k _A2 are obtained from Expressions 15 to 17.

  The above-described equations 18 to 20 are calculated.

  Next, the determination calculation of the above-described equations 21 to 23 is performed.

  When all of Equation 21, Equation 22, and Equation 23 hold, it is determined that the battery 40 is a good product. On the other hand, if any one of Equation 21, Equation 22, and Equation 23 does not hold, it is determined that the battery 40 is a defective product that has deteriorated.

  The deterioration determination in the case of using the charging device 4 provided with the power factor improvement unit 60 is performed in exactly the same procedure as the deterioration determination performed at the factory, so that the accuracy is high. Also, the accuracy of deterioration detection is high in that deterioration detection is performed in a wide range of voltage Ed. On the other hand, since the deterioration determination in the case of using the charging device 2 and the charging device 3 that do not include the power factor improvement unit 60 is performed in a procedure different from the deterioration determination performed at the factory, the accuracy is somewhat inferior. In addition, the accuracy of deterioration detection is somewhat inferior in that deterioration detection is performed in a narrow voltage Ed range.

  In short, the charging device of this embodiment controls the digital value Do by detecting the voltage Vs at predetermined time intervals (for example, 10 seconds) so that a charging current profile specified for each battery is obtained during charging. Thus, the ON time (pulse width) of the switching element 106 is controlled.

In this embodiment, in a state where charging is completed, a good product, a battery of the same specification, or narrowly, a battery of the same model number manufactured at the same _factory , k _REFB0 , k _REFB1 , k _REFB2 and coefficients Δk _REF0 and Δk _REF1 Δk _REF2 are obtained in _advance . k _REFB0 , k _REFB1 , k _REFB2 , Δk _REF0 , Δk _REF1 Δk _REF2 are preferably provided by the battery manufacturer.

In short, the charging device of the present embodiment, when detecting the deterioration of the battery, after the charging of the currently used battery is completed, the primary side current (the voltage Vs across the resistor 105, the current Ip), the primary side Three types of combinations of voltage (voltage Ed) and pulse width are detected, and pulse width = k ₀ + k ₁ × primary current (current Ip) + k ₂ × primary voltage (voltage Ed ), Three constants k ₀ , k ₁ , k ₂ satisfying the above are obtained.

Then, Δk ₀ = | k _REFB0 −k _A0 |, Δk ₁ = | k _REFB1 −k _A1 |, Δk ₂ = | k _REFB2 −k _A2 | As a result, when all of Δk ₀ ≦ Δk _REF0 , Δk ₁ ≦ Δk _REF1 , Δk ₂ ≦ Δk _REF2 are satisfied, that is, each of the constant k ₀ , the constant k ₁ , and the constant k ₂ is The battery is determined to be non-defective when it is within the specified range. On the other hand, if any one of Δk ₀ ≦ Δk _REF0 , Δk ₁ ≦ Δk _REF1 , Δk ₂ ≦ Δk _REF2 does not hold, that is, _one of each of constant k ₀ , constant k ₁ , and constant k ₂ . However, if the battery is not within the predetermined range, it is determined that the battery is a defective product.

When the primary side voltage (voltage Ed) cannot be freely controlled as in the charging device 2 and the charging device 3, the control unit 20 calculates pulse width = k ₀ + k ₁ × primary side from the ternary simultaneous equations. When obtaining three constants k ₀ , k ₁ , and k ₂ that satisfy the current + k ₂ × primary side voltage, only the primary side current (current Ip) is set within a predetermined range (eg, primary side current). In other words, it may be changed within a range of charging current allowed for the battery, such as 10A to 100A.

When the primary side voltage (voltage Ed) can be freely controlled as in the charging device 4, the control unit 20 can calculate pulse width = k ₀ + k ₁ × primary side current + k ₂ from the ternary simultaneous equation. × When obtaining three constants k ₀ , k ₁ , k ₂ that satisfy the primary side voltage, the primary side voltage (voltage Ed) is changed within a predetermined range (for example, a range from 126 V to 155 V). You may do it. Further, the primary side current (current Ip) may be changed within a predetermined range, and the primary side voltage (voltage Ed) may be changed within a predetermined range.

  As described above, in the converter using a transformer, the DC constant voltage power supply device according to the present embodiment detects the current flowing on the primary side and the voltage applied to the primary side, thereby detecting the DC on the secondary side. There is an effect of making the voltage constant. The primary side and the secondary side can be isolated from each other by a transformer, and there is no need for components such as a photocoupler to insulate the primary side from the secondary side for signals input to the control system. is there. Therefore, even when the voltage on the primary side and the voltage on the secondary side are greatly different, the insulation separation between the primary side and the secondary side can be facilitated.

  As described above, the charging device of this embodiment has a battery deterioration detection function. When the battery deterioration is detected, the deterioration detection accuracy is improved by adopting a battery deterioration detection method using three parameters.

(Modification of DC Constant Voltage Power Supply Device of Embodiment and Charging Device of Embodiment)
It has already been described that the DC constant voltage power supply device of the present embodiment is not limited to the DC constant voltage power supply device using a transformer. Further, it has already been described that the charging device of the present embodiment is not limited to the charging device using a transformer. An embodiment of a DC constant voltage power supply device that does not use a transformer and a charging device that does not use a transformer will be described below.

  FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating a DC constant voltage power supply device according to another embodiment.

The DC constant voltage power supply device 5 shown in FIG. 5 includes a step-up DC-DC converter (DC / DC converter) unit 10A using an inductor 107. The DC constant voltage power supply device 5 uses an inductor 107 instead of the transformer 101 in the DC constant voltage power supply device 1. The inductor 107 is connected between the primary side terminal Tp ₁ and the diode 108. In the DC constant voltage power supply device 5, the same components as those in the DC constant voltage power supply device 1 are denoted by the same reference numerals.

  In the DC constant voltage power supply device 5, the above-described first control method and the above-described second control method in the above-described DC constant voltage power supply device 1 can be implemented. Further, in the DC constant voltage power supply device 5, the rectifying / smoothing unit 50 shown in FIG. 3 may be used instead of the DC power source 30, and the power factor improving unit 60 shown in FIG. 4 may be used. .

  FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a battery charging apparatus according to another embodiment. The charging device 6 shown in FIG. 6 has the same configuration as the DC constant voltage power supply device 5. The load 40 is a battery. The charging device 6 performs charging in the same procedure as the charging device 2 described above, and determines whether the battery is a good product or a deteriorated defective product in the same procedure as the charging device 2. Further, in the charging device 6, a rectifying / smoothing unit 50 shown in FIG. 3 may be used instead of the DC power source 30, and a power factor improving unit 60 shown in FIG. 4 may be used.

In the DC constant voltage power supply device of this embodiment, a DC power supply (including a DC power supply 30, a rectifying / smoothing unit 50, a rectifying / smoothing unit 50, and a power factor improving unit 60) is connected to the input side, and a load 40 is connected to the output side. A DC constant voltage power supply apparatus for supplying DC power to the switching element 106 for converting DC power supplied from the DC power supply to AC power, and a pulse signal (switching element for changing the pulse width for turning on the switching element) And a control unit 20 for generating a drive signal Sd). The control unit uses three previously determined constants k ₀ , k ₁ , k ₂ , and pulse width = k ₀ + k ₁ × from DC power supply A pulse signal represented by the supplied DC current + k ₂ × DC voltage supplied from the DC power supply is generated, and the DC voltage supplied to the load is controlled to a constant voltage.

The charging device according to the present embodiment connects a DC power source (including a DC power source 30, a rectifying / smoothing unit 50, a rectifying / smoothing unit 50, and a power factor improving unit 60) to the input side, and connects the battery 40 to the output side. A switching element 106 that converts DC power supplied from a DC power source into AC power, and a control unit 20 that generates a pulse signal (switching element drive signal Sd) whose pulse width changes to turn on the switching element. The control unit 20 charges the battery by controlling a direct current (voltage Vs and current Ip corresponding to the current Ip at both ends of the resistor 105) supplied from the direct current power source during charging. After the charging is completed, three types of combinations of the DC current supplied from the DC power source, the DC voltage supplied from the DC power source, and the pulse width are detected, and the pulse width = k ₀ + k ₁ × Three constants k ₀ , k ₁ , k ₂ satisfying the direct current supplied from the DC power supply + k ₂ × DC voltage supplied from the DC power supply are obtained, and the constant k ₀ , constant k ₁ , constant k ₂ , the battery is determined to be non-defective when all are within the predetermined range, and even one of the constant k ₀ , constant k ₁ , and constant k ₂ is not within the predetermined range. Sometimes the battery is determined to be a defective product.

Here, whether or not it is within the predetermined range is _{calculated by} Δk ₀ = | k _REFB0 -k _A0 |, Δk ₁ = | k _REFB1 -k _A1 |, Δk ₂ = | k _REFB2 -k _A2 | . As a result, when all of Δk ₀ ≦ Δk _REF0 , Δk ₁ ≦ Δk _REF1 , Δk ₂ ≦ Δk _REF2 are satisfied, that is, each of the constant k ₀ , the constant k ₁ , and the constant k ₂ is predetermined. When it is within the range, the battery is determined to be good. On the other hand, if any one of Δk ₀ ≦ Δk _REF0 , Δk ₁ ≦ Δk _REF1 , Δk ₂ ≦ Δk _REF2 does not hold, that is, _one of each of constant k ₀ , constant k ₁ , and constant k ₂ . However, it is determined that the battery has deteriorated when it is not within the predetermined range. Here, k ₀ is k _{REFB 0} , k ₁ is k _{REFB 1} , and k ₂ is k _{REFB 2} for a reference battery that is known to be a good product in advance. In addition, k ₀ is k _A0 , k ₁ is k _A1 , and k ₂ is k _A2 of a battery that is a target for determining whether or not it is a non-defective product.

  The various embodiments described above can be combined to implement a new embodiment. In addition, the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment and a new embodiment in which each part of the above-described embodiment is combined.

1, 5 DC constant voltage power supply device, 2, 3, 4, 6 charging device, 10, 10A converter unit, 20 control unit, 30 DC power source, 4 load (battery), 50 rectification smoothing unit, 60 power factor improvement unit, 101 transformer, 102 primary winding, 103 secondary winding, 104 core, 105 resistance, 106 switching element, 107 inductor, 108 diode, 109 capacitor, 202, 203 A / D converter, 204 PWM modulator, 205 Switching element driver, 501 plug, 502 diode bridge, 503 capacitor, Ed voltage (primary side voltage), Eo voltage (secondary side DC voltage), GND ground, Io current (secondary side current), Ip current (primary) side current), Opwm signal (PWM signal), Sd switching element driving signal (pulse signal), Tp _1, Tp _{2 1} primary terminator Le, Ts _1, Ts _{2 2} primary terminal, Vs voltage (voltage corresponding to the current Ip at both ends of the resistor 105)

Claims (6)

A transformer having a primary winding and a secondary winding;
A switching element connected between the primary side winding and a primary side DC power supply for supplying AC power to the primary side winding;
A primary current detector for detecting a primary current flowing in the primary winding;
A primary voltage detector for detecting a primary voltage supplied from the DC power supply;
A control unit that generates a pulse signal that changes a pulse width to turn on the switching element;
A secondary side rectifying and smoothing circuit connected to the secondary side winding and generating a secondary side DC voltage;
The controller is
When charging,
Charging the battery worn on the secondary side by controlling the primary side current;
After charging is complete,
Three combinations of the primary side current, the primary side voltage, and the pulse width are detected.
Find three constants k ₀ , k ₁ , k ₂ that satisfy the pulse width = k ₀ + k ₁ × the primary current + k ₂ × the primary voltage,
When each of the constant k ₀ , the constant k ₁ , and the constant k ₂ is all within a predetermined range, the battery is determined to be non-defective,
A charging device that determines that the battery is a defective product that has deteriorated when at least one of the constant k ₀ , the constant k ₁ , and the constant k ₂ is not within a predetermined range. The controller is
Three types of combinations of the primary side current, the primary side voltage and the pulse width are detected.
When obtaining three constants k ₀ , k ₁ , and k ₂ that satisfy the pulse width = k ₀ + k ₁ × the primary current + k ₂ × the primary voltage, the primary current The charging device according to claim 1, wherein is changed within a predetermined range. The DC power supply is
It has a power factor improvement unit connected to a commercial AC power source,
The controller is
Controlling the power factor improving unit,
Three types of combinations of the primary side current, the primary side voltage and the pulse width are detected.
When obtaining three constants k ₀ , k ₁ , and k ₂ that satisfy the pulse width = k ₀ + k ₁ × the primary current + k ₂ × the primary voltage, the primary voltage The charging device according to claim 1, wherein the charging device is changed within a predetermined range. A transformer having a primary winding and a secondary winding;
A switching element connected between the primary side winding and a primary side DC power supply for supplying AC power to the primary side winding;
A primary current detector for detecting a primary current flowing in the primary winding;
A primary voltage detector for detecting a primary voltage supplied from the DC power supply;
A control unit that generates a pulse signal that changes a pulse width to turn on the switching element;
A secondary side rectifying and smoothing circuit connected to the secondary side winding and generating a secondary side DC voltage;
The controller is
Using three previously determined constants k ₀ , k ₁ , k ₂ ,
Generating the pulse signal represented by: pulse width = k ₀ + k ₁ × the primary current + k ₂ × the primary voltage;
A DC constant voltage power supply device for controlling the secondary side DC voltage to a constant voltage. A charging device that connects a DC power source to the input side and a battery to the output side,
A switching element that converts DC power supplied from the DC power source into AC power;
A control unit that generates a pulse signal that changes a pulse width to turn on the switching element,
The controller is
When charging,
Charging the battery by controlling the direct current supplied from the direct current power source;
After charging is complete,
Three types of combinations of the DC current supplied from the DC power supply, the DC voltage supplied from the DC power supply, and the pulse width are detected, and from the three simultaneous equations,
Three constants k ₀ , k ₁ , and k ₂ satisfying the pulse width = k ₀ + k ₁ × DC current supplied from the DC power source + k ₂ × DC voltage supplied from the DC power source. Seeking
When each of the constant k ₀ , the constant k ₁ , and the constant k ₂ is all within a predetermined range, the battery is determined to be non-defective,
A charging device that determines that the battery is a defective product that has deteriorated when at least one of the constant k ₀ , the constant k ₁ , and the constant k ₂ is not within a predetermined range. A DC constant voltage power supply device that connects a DC power supply to the input side and supplies DC power to a load connected to the output side,
A switching element that converts DC power supplied from the DC power source into AC power;
A control unit that generates a pulse signal that changes a pulse width to turn on the switching element,
The controller is
Using three previously determined constants k ₀ , k ₁ , k ₂ ,
Pulse width = k ₀ + k ₁ × DC current supplied from the DC power source + k ₂ × DC voltage supplied from the DC power source
A DC constant voltage power supply device that controls a DC voltage supplied to the load to a constant voltage.

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