JP2013097761A - Medical equipment operation management system - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To efficiently perform the operation management of medical equipment including specific maintenance management medical equipment.SOLUTION: The medical equipment operation management system for providing the operation management information, safety management information, and location management information of medical equipment to be used in a medical institute by remote monitoring includes: active type RFID tags 100a to 100d for remote monitoring which can be mounted on the medical equipment without requiring electric connection or alteration, which have unique I.D. numbers for medical equipment specification, which have detection sensors for monitoring the use situation and use environment of the medical equipment, and which wirelessly transmit the data acquired by the detection sensor as well as tag unique I.D. numbers; compact relay radio equipment 300a to 300c for location management which have unique radio equipment I.D. numbers for location specification, and which receive data to be transmitted, convert the data into a radio wave capable of receiving an access point, and transmit the radio wave; and software for remote monitoring terminal including accumulation means for recording data received by radio LAN, data analysis means, and display generation means.

Description

  The present invention relates to an existing medical device management system and a medical device operation management system suitable for technical improvement and quality improvement such as a medical device location detection system using a wireless LAN network.

With the enforcement of the revised Pharmaceutical Affairs Law in April 2005, not only safety measures for materials but also safety measures at the time of use will be required, and for all medical institutions, a system for safety management related to medical devices and The establishment of a central management department is required, and a person responsible for the safety management of medical equipment will be appointed by the notification accompanying the enforcement of the revised medical law in April 2007.
(1) Implementation of training for safe use of medical equipment for employees (2) Formulation of maintenance and inspection plans for medical equipment and appropriate implementation of maintenance and inspection (3) Necessary for safe use of medical equipment Implementation of measures for improvement aimed at collecting information and other safe use of medical devices has become mandatory.

  From the hospital management aspect, it is necessary to increase the number of medical equipment maintenance and inspection personnel in order to ensure the safety management of medical equipment used for diagnosis and treatment of patients. Improvements such as avoiding purchases have become important issues.

  In general, medical devices are not dedicated to intensive care units or wards, except for some devices, and bring necessary medical devices to the bedside according to the patient's symptoms and treatment policy. After use, it is stored in a warehouse space or the maintenance is performed at the ME center. For example, if medical devices are held in units of wards, an excess or shortage of the number of medical devices occurs, and an additional medical device is required from the site where the shortage of medical devices occurs each time.

  Therefore, in general hospitals with relatively large scales and medical institutions with highly specialized departments such as cardiovascular surgery and neurosurgery, the ME Center and medical equipment management department consisting of clinical engineers Dedicated safety management and maintenance management departments, etc., have been established, and in the event of side effects or functional failures, highly managed medical equipment and specified maintenance management medical care that may have a serious impact on human life and health While specializing in safety management and maintenance management of equipment, and at the same time, in order to improve the operation efficiency of medical equipment, centrally manage specific maintenance management medical equipment, and respond to requests from intensive care units and wards These devices have been rented out, and lending management such as maintenance and inspection, clean management, and preparation for use of devices returned after use has also been performed.

  However, even if the diagnosis and treatment of the patient is completed at the lending destination of the medical device, the ME center cannot grasp the usage status, and the rented device is rarely returned immediately. When there is a shortage of medical equipment for lending, the reality is that the ME center searches for the equipment that is not in use by contacting the relevant lender, etc. and collects it. I cannot say that.

For safety measures when using medical devices, manufacture and sell medical devices that comply with JIS T0601-1 “Safety Standards for Medical Electrical Equipment” and JIS T0601-1-2 “EMC Standards” under the Pharmaceutical Affairs Law. Approval and permission are granted. On the other hand, medical institutions that use these medical devices are required to prepare safety measures in accordance with JIS T1022 “Safety Standards for Hospital Electrical Equipment,” but they are not legally enforceable. It is difficult to say that legal inspections of electrical facilities are sufficiently conducted.

  JIS T0601-1 “Safety Standard for Medical Electrical Equipment” requires the use of a power supply with a grounding terminal to prevent electrical shock when using medical equipment, and grounding medical equipment (= medical electrical equipment) A medical 3P power plug with a pin is adopted. On the other hand, in accordance with JIS T1022 “Safety standards for hospital electrical equipment”, medical institutions are instructed to install a medical 3P power outlet with a ground terminal and use it. Has been. Safety management departments such as the ME Center can check the ground connection status of the medical device itself by using a tester, but the number of installations for checking the ground connection status of the bedside 3P power outlet is large. It is difficult to implement.

  In legal inspections, it is mandatory to check the grounding equipment, but not all outlet modules have been removed and the ground connection has been checked at present. It is determined that the ground is connected. In the past, cases have been reported in which a grounding wire is not passed through the 3P outlet module, or even if the grounding wire is passed through and connected, it is not connected to the grounding center. There have also been many reports of poor contact of the ground terminal due to aging equipment.

  In addition, medical devices continue to receive physical shocks due to movement during lending, and the power plug is frequently inserted and removed during bedside use or inspection at the ME center. It is a well-known fact that the terminal is easily broken and the ground wire is easily broken.

  In order to use medical electrical equipment safely, technology that can check the ground connection immediately before and during use has been required, but methods that involve electrical connection and modification to medical equipment include: It was impossible to apply to all medical devices because we had to obtain a new manufacturing and marketing approval under the Pharmaceutical Affairs Law for medical devices.

  In addition, environmental management such as abnormal electromagnetic environment that induces failure of medical electrical equipment, physical shock during movement, exposure to abnormal temperature in use or storage environment requires complicated work. It was practically impossible to perform.

  Computer utilization systems for medical device management have been introduced. For example, the medical device management system disclosed in Patent Document 1 is disclosed as a system for recording the lending status along with maintenance and repair records of medical devices. ing.

  In addition, in the maintenance management system for medical devices in which usage status management using an active RFID tag of Patent Document 2 is possible, maintenance inspection records by ME center technical personnel, and manual input for lending management records for PDA, and A medical device management system is disclosed that is based on information obtained by PDAs for PDA manual inspections and usage statuses by nurses.

  Furthermore, in the location management system using an active RFID tag, there is a problem of inaccuracy of position information. However, in the location management system of Patent Document 3, the distance measurement between the wireless LAN access point and the RFID tag is performed. A method for further improving the position information detection accuracy is disclosed.

In addition, for a specific device such as an image diagnostic apparatus, the medical device operation analysis support system of Patent Document 4 extracts operation state data stored in the medical device itself, analyzes this, and analyzes each type of examination. A system for displaying the operation status including such information as the above is disclosed.
JP 2005-332337 A (Patent 4252931) JP 2008-287627 A JP 2008-054351 A JP 2010-079935 A

  The conventional medical device management system is intended for maintenance inspections, repair records, and rental management records, so it is impossible to grasp the usage status at the borrower.

  In addition, in a medical device management system using a conventional active RFID tag, it is necessary to manually input maintenance inspection records, lending management records, usage conditions, etc. of the medical device by PDA. It requires complex work from dedicated medical staff and cannot deal with the problems described in the “Background” section.

  Furthermore, in the medical device location search system using a wireless LAN network, the location information of the medical device can be provided more accurately, but information on the usage status cannot be obtained.

  In addition, in the medical device operation analysis support system that extracts and analyzes the operation status data accumulated in the medical device itself, it is a system for some large-scale devices such as diagnostic imaging devices, and is maintained and managed at the ME center and the like. It is not possible to deal with medical devices that are managed for lending.

  In other words, even if a conventional medical device management system is used, there is no expectation that the operational efficiency of the ME center and the operation efficiency of the medical device will be improved, and further, it will not lead to the support in terms of safety management required by laws and regulations, There was a problem.

  The present invention is for solving the above-mentioned problems, and the invention according to claim 1 provides operation management information, safety management information, and location management information of a medical device used in a medical institution by remote monitoring. A medical device operation management system that can be mounted on a device casing without electrical connection or modification to the medical device, and is a unique I.D. D. And a detection sensor for monitoring the usage status and usage environment of the attached medical device, and the data acquired by the detection sensor is used for tag-specific I.D. D. Remote monitoring active RFID tag that is transmitted by radio frequency together with a number, and data transmitted from the remote monitoring active RFID tag are received, converted into radio waves that can be received by an access point of a wireless LAN network, and a location is specified. Specific radios for I.S. D. A small relay radio for location management that transmits data received together with the received power from the active RFID tag for remote monitoring, storage means for recording data received via the wireless LAN network, and data analysis And remote monitoring terminal software having analysis result display generation means.

  According to a second aspect of the present invention, in the medical device operation management system according to the first aspect, the detection sensor is an electric field strength sensor for power reception detection.

  The invention according to claim 3 is the medical device operation management system according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the detection sensor is an acceleration sensor for detecting physical impact.

According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, in the medical equipment operation management system according to any one of the first to third aspects, the detection sensor is a temperature sensor for detecting an abnormal temperature.

  The invention according to claim 5 is the medical device operation management system according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the remote monitoring active RFID tag is provided with an LED, and the remote monitoring When mounting the active RFID tag for medical use on a medical device, the mounting position of the active RFID tag for remote monitoring is determined by the LED.

  According to the above configuration, it is possible to constantly monitor the usage status of the medical device together with the location management information of the medical device during normal operation or when it is stopped.

  In addition, it is possible to constantly monitor the ground connection state, which is indispensable for safety measures when using medical equipment.

  Furthermore, when exposed to an abnormal electromagnetic environment that causes a failure of a medical device, an abnormal physical shock, or an abnormal temperature, it is possible to warn them and prompt an inspection.

  Therefore, by using this medical device operation management system using an existing wireless LAN network, it is possible to constantly monitor the usage status of the medical device together with the current location information of the medical device managed by the ME center.

  Therefore, when there is a shortage of lending medical devices, it is possible to instantly search for devices that are not being used by remote monitoring, and the location information can be obtained at the same time, so it can be easily returned to a lender with a device that is not being used. It is possible to promote operational efficiency as well as operational efficiency.

  In addition, it is possible to constantly monitor the ground connection status that is essential for safety management when using medical equipment, and to promptly warn and prompt inspection when an abnormality such as disconnection occurs, thus improving the quality of safety management. Can do.

  Furthermore, when an abnormality that causes a failure of the medical device occurs, a warning is issued and the inspection is urged, so that the quality can be improved in terms of maintenance and safety management of the medical device.

  In addition, usage rate management can be performed along with the cumulative operating time for each medical device based on the accumulated usage history data, which not only improves the quality of medical device operation management, but also improves the quality of asset management. It is also possible.

  In other words, various information for safety measures when using medical devices required by medical institutions under the revised Pharmaceutical Affairs Law, the revised Medical Law, etc. can be easily obtained from time to time by remote monitoring.

It is a figure explaining concepts, such as a data transmission path | route in this medical device operation management system, and data acquisition in an information processing apparatus (remote monitoring terminal), an analysis, a display. It is a figure which shows block configurations and functions, such as various detection sensors, a signal processing circuit, and a communication circuit, of the active RFID tag for medical device remote monitoring used in the medical device operation management system according to the embodiment of the present invention. It is a figure showing the relationship between the detection data of an electric field strength sensor, and the state of a medical device. It is a figure explaining the mounting method to the medical device of the active type RFID tag for medical device remote monitoring. It is a figure which shows the data table used with the medical device operation management system which concerns on embodiment of this invention. It is a figure which shows the example of a flowchart of collection of detection information and data transmission in the active type RFID tag for medical device remote monitoring. It is a figure which shows an example of the data structure wirelessly transmitted from the active RFID tag for medical device remote monitoring. It is a figure which shows the block configuration of the small relay radio | wireless machine for location management used with the medical device operation management system which concerns on embodiment of this invention. It is a figure explaining the installation example of the small relay radio for location management. It is a figure which shows the data table used with the medical device operation management system which concerns on embodiment of this invention. It is a figure which shows an example of the data structure transmitted via the existing wireless LAN network from the small relay radio | wireless machine for location management. It is a figure which shows the structural example of the data collected with information processing apparatus. It is a figure which shows the log | history output example of the location management information of medical equipment, operation management information, etc. by the medical equipment operation management system which concerns on embodiment of this invention. It is a figure which shows the output example of the cumulative operation time of each medical device by the medical device operation management system which concerns on embodiment of this invention, and an operation rate. It is a figure which shows the warning output example for prompting a regular check etc. based on the total operation time of each medical device by the medical device operation management system which concerns on embodiment of this invention based on it. It is a figure which shows the acquisition information display example from each medical device by the medical device operation management system which concerns on embodiment of this invention.

  Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. The medical device operation management system according to this embodiment is particularly effective for safety management, maintenance management, and operation management of specific maintenance management medical devices defined and classified by the revised Pharmaceutical Affairs Law enacted in April 2005, and It is intended to be performed efficiently, and therefore intends to support the work of clinical engineering engineers at ME centers and the like.

Medical devices are classified into highly managed medical devices, managed medical devices, and general medical devices according to the revised Pharmaceutical Affairs Law, and specific maintenance managed medical devices and installation managed medical devices are designated from these devices. Each definition is
○ Highly managed medical devices (old class classifications IV and III)
Because it is a medical device and may cause serious effects on human life and health when side effects or functional disorders occur (limited to proper use in accordance with the proper purpose of use) , As defined as what the Minister of Health, Labor and Welfare identifies after hearing the opinion of the Pharmaceutical Affairs and Food Hygiene Council, and includes the following equipment.
Example) Closed-circulation anesthesia machine, closed-circulation incubator, cardiopulmonary apparatus, ventilator, syringe pump, infusion pump, artificial dialyzer, assistive heart device, and other patient information such as electrocardiogram and blood pressure Monitoring devices, etc. ○ Managed medical equipment (old class II)
A medical device other than highly-managed medical device that affects human life and health in the event of side effects or functional impairments, the Minister of Health, Labor and Welfare considers that appropriate management is required.・ It is defined as one that is designated after listening to the opinion of the Food Sanitation Council, and includes the following equipment.
Example) ECG, electroencephalograph, ultrasound diagnostic equipment, etc. ○ General medical equipment (old class classification I)
The Minister of Health, Labor and Welfare considers that medical devices other than highly managed medical devices and managed medical devices have little risk of affecting human life and health even if side effects or injuries occur. It is defined as the one that listens to the council's opinions, and includes the following equipment:
Example) Operating table, surgical illuminator, surgical microscope, etc. ○ Special maintenance management medical equipment Among medical equipment, it requires specialized knowledge and technology for maintenance, inspection, repair and other management. It is defined that the Minister of Health, Labor and Welfare shall be designated after listening to the opinions of the Pharmaceutical Affairs and Food Sanitation Council, as it may have a serious impact on the diagnosis, treatment or prevention of diseases.
○ Designated maintenance management medical equipment that requires assembly for installation management medical equipment installation, and designated by the Minister of Health, Labor and Welfare as requiring management related to the assembly in order to prevent the occurrence of health hazards , Is defined. Of the devices defined above, the devices are classified as follows according to the means of protection against electric shock applied to medical electrical devices.
○ Class I equipment: basic insulation + protective grounding (protective grounding equipment is required. 3P power outlet with grounding terminal is used)
○ Class II equipment: basic insulation + reinforced insulation (no restrictions on use. Many have no ground connection)
○ Internal power supply equipment: Basic insulation + internal power supply (When connecting to an external power supply, work as a Class I or Class II equipment)
In the medical device operation management system according to the embodiment of the present invention, it is mainly a highly managed medical device, a managed medical device or a general medical device as defined above, which is classified as a specific maintenance managed medical device, and against electric shock. It is assumed that electrical devices that fall under Class I equipment classified as protective means, that is, life maintenance management devices such as ventilators and syringe pumps, and biological information monitoring devices such as electrocardiogram monitors and blood pressure monitors are the main management targets. However, since the devices that can be managed by the medical device operation management system according to the embodiment of the present invention are not limited to these, hereinafter, the management target according to the present invention is assumed to be medical devices in general.

  Data transmission / reception between the active RFID tag for remote monitoring, the small relay radio for location management, and the software for remote monitoring terminal constituting the medical device operation management system according to the embodiment of the present invention will be described.

FIG. 1 shows transmission / reception of data between an active RFID tag 100 for remote monitoring, a small relay radio 300 for location management, an existing wireless LAN access point 400, and an information processing apparatus 500 installed with software for remote monitoring terminals. It is a figure which shows a concept. Radio waves transmitted from active RFID tags for remote monitoring 100a, 100b, 100c, and 100d attached to medical devices are received by one or more of the location management small repeater radios 300a, 300b, and 300c. The The received radio waves include data such as “operation management information”, “safety management information”, “battery voltage”, and “tag ID number” of individual medical devices equipped with active RFID tags for remote monitoring. included. The small wireless relay devices 300a, 300b, and 300c for location management, together with the reception data from each remote monitoring active RFID tag 100, receive radio waves from the “radio device ID number” and the remote monitoring active RFID tag. "Received power" data is added, and these signals are transmitted on a carrier wave that can be received by an existing wireless LAN access point. The radio wave transmitted from the small wireless relay device 300 for location management is received by one of the existing wireless LAN access points 400a and 400b or two or more wireless LAN access points, and the wired LAN network or the wireless LAN network is used. And is received by the information processing apparatus 500 in which the remote monitoring terminal software is installed. The data received by the information processing apparatus 500 is accumulated as log data, analyzed, and then processed by the information processing apparatus 50.
On the remote monitoring screen generated at 0, the name of the medical device and the location management information indicating the installation area are displayed together with the latest data reception time.

  The active RFID tag for remote monitoring of medical equipment according to the present invention is managed by being attached to all medical equipment to be managed. Therefore, an active RFID tag for medical device remote monitoring will be described. FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a block configuration of an active RFID tag 100 for remote monitoring of medical equipment according to an embodiment of the present invention.

  The microcomputer 110 is a general-purpose information processing apparatus that includes a CPU, a ROM that stores programs that run on the CPU, and a RAM that is a work area of the CPU. In particular, the microcomputer 110 has a memory area that is non-volatile and cannot be rewritten. D. The number storage unit 111 is provided. D. The number storage unit 111 includes a unique and unique I.D. allocated to each active RFID tag 100 for remote monitoring of medical equipment. D. I remember the data.

  A real-time clock (RTC) 120 is a clock for controlling the time of the entire system, and is connected to the microcomputer 110 via an interface circuit (I / F circuit) 125.

  The electric field strength sensor 130 is a sensor that detects the strength of the electric field in the active RFID tag 100 for remote monitoring of medical equipment. The data detected by the electric field strength sensor 130 is digitized (numerical) by the AD conversion circuit 135 and input to the microcomputer 110.

  Here, the configuration of the electric field strength sensor 130 will be described. The electric field strength sensor 130 includes an antenna 131 that detects an electric field component of an electromagnetic wave, an amplifier 132 that calibrates a voltage change detected by the antenna 131 to an electric field strength, and an AC / DC conversion circuit 133 that converts the signal to a DC voltage signal. Composed. The antenna 131 is an antenna having a reception band in a very low frequency region (several Hz to about 30 kHz) including commercial power supply frequencies (50 Hz, 60 Hz). The antenna 131 of the present embodiment is configured by a parallel / flat antenna (not shown) made of two conductors such as a copper foil and a copper plate.

  The amplifier 132 is a circuit that calibrates a change in voltage detected by the antenna 131, that is, an AC voltage signal to an electric field strength, and converts the AC voltage signal into a DC voltage signal by the AC / DC conversion circuit 133. This is a circuit that detects a change in voltage generated by electrostatic coupling between a metal part of a medical device casing to which an active RFID tag for remote monitoring of medical device is attached and an antenna 131, and outputs the detected signal as a signal.

  Medical devices are usually electrostatically shielded to prevent electromagnetic interference, but the 3P power plug with the ground pin of the medical device is correctly plugged into a 3P power outlet with a ground terminal, ensuring a ground connection. It will only function properly after being done. If the ground connection is broken and the electrostatic shield does not function, the electrical energy generated inside the device is radiated from the device housing to the outside as an electromagnetic wave.

  At this time, the electromagnetic wave radiated from the medical device includes an electromagnetic wave having a commercial power frequency (50 Hz in eastern Japan, 60 Hz in western Japan). This type of electromagnetic wave is not observed except in the vicinity of the power cord and the power supply section when the equipment ground is properly connected.

Since the electric field strength sensor 130 includes the antenna 131 that receives electromagnetic waves in an extremely low frequency region (several Hz to 30 kHz) including the commercial power supply frequency, it is possible to detect electromagnetic waves radiated from medical devices. . Based on the detected electric field strength of the electromagnetic wave, it is possible to evaluate the usage status and ground connection status of the medical device.

  Moreover, the electromagnetic wave radiated from the medical device can be detected simply by mounting the active RFID tag for remote monitoring outside the housing of the medical device, and it is not necessary to disassemble or modify the medical device. The active RFID tag 100 for remote monitoring of medical equipment is very easy to install and operate.

  FIG. 3 is a diagram showing data detected by the electric field strength sensor 130, that is, the detected electric field strength (electric field strength: unit V / m) and the usage status of the medical device. In FIG. 3, the scale on the vertical axis represents an example of the electric field strength value detected by the electric field strength sensor 130.

  The range shown in FIG. 3A represents a change in electric field strength detected by the electric field strength sensor 130 when the 3P power plug of the medical device is correctly inserted into and extracted from a 3P power outlet with a ground terminal. .

  When the power plug of the medical device is disconnected from the outlet, the electric field strength normally detected by the electric field strength sensor 130 is 0 V / m. However, when the 3P power plug is inserted into a 3P power outlet with a ground terminal, the electric field intensity sensor 130 detects weak radiated electromagnetic waves radiated from the power cord.

  On the other hand, FIG. 3B shows a change in the electric field strength detected by the electric field strength sensor 130 when the 3P power plug of the medical device is inserted into a 3P power outlet without a ground connection and removed. When the 3P power plug of the medical device is inserted into a 3P power outlet without a ground connection, the electrostatic shield of the medical device does not function, and the electric field strength sensor 130 detects a certain strong electric field strength.

  FIG. 3C shows that the electric field strength sensor 130 detects an artifact such as a human touch while the 3P power plug of the medical device is inserted into a 3P power outlet with a ground terminal. Represents a change in electric field strength. When the active RFID tag for remote monitoring is touched with a hand, a large electric field strength change occurs instantaneously, and the electric field strength sensor 130 detects a large electric field strength value. However, these changes in electric field strength are usually temporary and return to normal values when the hand is released. If a large electric field strength value continues, the possibility of an abnormal electromagnetic environment at the medical device installation location must be suspected, which indicates the necessity of urgently inspecting the medical device installation location.

Let E ₁ be the electric field intensity value at which the commercial power supply can detect power reception, and use it as the power reception detection threshold. In addition, an electric field strength value that can detect a ground connection failure or disconnection is defined as E ₂ , which is a ground connection failure detection threshold value.
Further, the electric field intensity capable of detecting an abnormality such as an artifact is set to E ₃ and is set as an abnormality detection threshold.
Each electric field strength range has the following meaning.
1. Electric field intensity value less than E ₁ V / m: medical device stopped state2. 2. Electric field strength value of E ₁ V / m or more and less than E ₂ V / m: normal operation state of medical device Electric field strength value E ₂ V / m or more: poor ground connection Electric field strength value E ₃ V / m or more: Artifact contamination or electromagnetic environment abnormality at medical equipment installation location The electric field strength value detected by the electric field strength sensor 130 as described above is input to the first comparison circuit 171. The first comparison circuit 171 compares the electric field intensity value detected by the electric field intensity sensor 130 with two set threshold values (power reception detection threshold value: E ₁ V / m and ground connection failure detection threshold value: E ₂ V / m). _A signal is output to the OR circuit 175 when ₁ V / m or E ₂ V / m is exceeded, or when E ₁ V / m or E ₂ V / m falls below. As a result, a forced transmission signal (= sleep release signal) is output from the OR circuit 175 to the microcomputer 110, and a change in the usage status of the medical device is immediately transmitted.

  The output from the first comparison circuit 171 is also sent to the LED control circuit 180. The LED control circuit 180 is a circuit that controls blinking of the green LED 181, the yellow LED 182, and the red LED 183 that are attached to the housing of the remote monitoring active RFID tag 100 in a state that is visible from the outside.

As long as power is supplied from the built-in battery 160, the LED control circuit 180 blinks the green LED to notify that the active RFID tag for medical device remote monitoring is in operation. In addition, when the LED control circuit 180 receives a signal whose electric field strength value exceeds the threshold value E ₁ V / m from the first comparison circuit 171, the LED control circuit 180 blinks the yellow LED 182 and the medical device is receiving commercial power. Inform that it is operating normally. Further, when a signal when the electric field strength value exceeds the threshold value E ₂ V / m is received from the first comparison circuit 171, the red LED 183 is blinked in addition to the yellow LED 182, and the ground connection failure state or disconnection Notify that it is in a state. Further, when a signal when the electric field intensity threshold value is lower than E ₂ V / m is received and does not become less than E ₁ V / m, the blinking of the red LED is stopped and the blinking of the yellow LED is continued. Further, when a signal is received when the electric field strength value is less than the threshold value E ₁ V / m, the yellow LED stops blinking, and the green LED indicating that the remote monitoring active RFID tag is in operation Only flickering.

When the 3P power plug with the ground pin of the medical device is correctly inserted into the 3P power outlet with the ground terminal, the electric field strength sensor 130 detects the electric field strength within the range of E ₁ V / m to E ₂ V / m. Thus, the LED control circuit 180 causes the yellow LED 182 to blink in addition to the green LED according to the signal from the first comparison circuit 171. On the other hand, if the 3P power plug of the medical device is inserted into a 3P power outlet without ground connection, the electrostatic shield of the medical device does not work, and the electric field strength sensor 130 detects an electric field strength exceeding E ₂ V / m. The LED control circuit 180 causes the red LED 183 to blink by the signal from the first comparison circuit 171.

  The triaxial acceleration sensor 140 is a sensor that detects a physical impact applied to the remote monitoring active RFID tag 100 as acceleration data. The acceleration data detected by the three-axis acceleration sensor 140 is digitized by the AD conversion circuit 145 and input to the microcomputer 110.

  The acceleration data detected by the three-axis acceleration sensor 140 is also input to the second comparison circuit 172. The second comparison circuit 172 compares the numerical value detected by the triaxial acceleration sensor 140 with a preset threshold value, and outputs a signal to the OR circuit 175 when the acceleration data is larger than the threshold value. That is, when the three-axis acceleration sensor 140 detects that a physical impact applied to the remote monitoring active RFID tag 100 exceeds a threshold value, that is, when an abnormal physical impact is applied, A signal is output from the 2 comparison circuit 172 to the OR circuit 175, and a forced transmission signal for notifying the microcomputer 110 of the occurrence of an abnormality is output from the OR circuit 175.

  The temperature sensor 150 is a temperature sensor that detects the environmental temperature of the active RFID tag 100 for remote monitoring. The temperature data detected by the temperature sensor 150 is converted into a digital signal by the A / D conversion circuit 155 and input to the microcomputer 110.

The temperature data detected by the temperature sensor 150 is also input to the third comparison circuit 173. The third comparison circuit 173 compares the temperature data detected by the temperature sensor 150 with a set threshold value, and outputs a signal to the OR circuit 175 when the temperature exceeds the threshold value. That is, when the environmental temperature of the remote monitoring active RFID tag 100 exceeds the set threshold by the temperature sensor 150, a signal is output from the third comparison circuit 173 to the OR circuit 175, and further from the OR circuit 175 to the microcomputer 110. A forced transmission signal is output.

  The battery 160 is a power source for the remote monitoring active RFID tag 100 and supplies power to the RTC, each sensor, an amplifier, an A / D conversion circuit, a comparison circuit, a microcomputer, and the like. The voltage value of the battery 160 is input to the microcomputer 110 via the A / D conversion circuit.

  The wireless circuit 190 is a circuit that transmits a data group output from the microcomputer 110 on a predetermined carrier wave from the transmission antenna 191 based on a command from the microcomputer 110.

  The green LED 181, the yellow LED 182, and the red LED 183 provided in the remote monitoring active RFID tag 100 are used when the remote monitoring active RFID tag 100 is mounted on a medical device. This is used to determine the mounting position of the tag 100.

  Next, a method for mounting the remote monitoring active RFID tag 100 described above on a medical device will be described. FIG. 4 is a diagram for explaining mounting of the remote monitoring active RFID tag 100 to a medical device.

  The active RFID tag 100 for remote monitoring of a medical device according to an embodiment of the present invention is fixed to the medical device exterior using, for example, a double-sided adhesive tape as shown in FIG. No electrical connection is required, and no new manufacturing / marketing approval or permission is required.

When the active RFID tag 100 for remote monitoring is attached to a medical device, it is important that the power supply is detected at a commercial power source. The medical device casing has a power cord introduction section or power supply section, and the remote monitoring active RFID tag 100 is attached at a distance (r) from the periphery. The distance from the power cord introduction section where the electric field intensity sensor 130 can detect the power reception detection threshold E ₁ V / m is (R1), and the ground connection failure detection threshold E ₂
When the distance from the power cord introduction part that detects V / m is (R2), the relationship of R ₂ <r <R ₁ is established among R ₁ , R ₂ , and r. This means that the green LED 181 indicating that the remote monitoring active RFID tag 100 is in operation and the yellow LED 182 indicating that commercial power is being received blink, but there is a poor ground connection. The red LED 183 indicating that it does not blink.

  That is, when the medical device operation management system is used in a medical institution, when searching for a place where the active RFID tag 100 for remote monitoring is attached to the medical device, the electromagnetic field intensity radiated from the power cord or the vicinity of the power source is small. However, since the ground connection failure detection threshold value is exceeded when approaching to some extent, it is only necessary to search for a place where the yellow LED 182 of the active RFID tag 100 for remote monitoring blinks and the red LED 183 does not blink. It becomes. Select the same mounting location for the same model.

  The remote monitoring active RFID tag 100 is mounted as described above.

Since the above-described remote monitoring active RFID tag 100 is used to manage the operation of a medical device, the information processing apparatus (for example, desktop personal computer) 500 installed with the remote monitoring terminal software described later includes I. D. The medical device remote monitoring active RFID tag 100 of the number is provided with means for storing which medical device is mounted.

  The active RFID tag 100 for remote monitoring is activated when the battery 160 is loaded, and starts operating according to the factory default setting. The remote monitoring active RFID tag 100 is generated in the information processing apparatus 500 in which the remote monitoring terminal software is installed. On the monitoring screen, tag I.D. D. By inputting the number, mutual communication between the information processing apparatus 500 and the remote monitoring active RFID tag 100 becomes possible. As a result, the time of the real-time clock of the active RFID tag for remote monitoring is adjusted, but at the same time, the setting of the automatic signal transmission interval and the like can be changed.

  Thereafter, the active RFID tag 100 for remote monitoring is attached to a specific medical device, and on the remote monitoring screen generated in the information processing apparatus 500 in which the software for remote monitoring terminal is installed, the medical device name, model number, By entering the serial number, management number, etc., the tag I.D. D. Numbers and medical devices have a one-to-one correspondence, fixed, and stored.

  FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a data table used in the medical device operation management system according to the embodiment of the present invention. The data table shown in FIG. 5 includes a specific medical device and a tag I.D of the specific active RFID tag 100 for remote monitoring. D. This indicates that the number is associated with one to one. As a result, the remote monitoring active RFID tag 100 starts data acquisition and data transmission of the use status, ground connection status, use environment, and the like of the designated medical device.

  Next, processing executed by the microcomputer 110 with a built-in remote RFID tag 100 for remote monitoring described above will be exemplified and described. FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a flowchart of data processing in the microcomputer 110 incorporating the active RFID tag 100 for remote monitoring.

  After the active RFID tag 100 for remote monitoring is activated and mounted on the medical device, the one-to-one correspondence, fixation, and storage are performed. Then, the remote monitoring mode starts in step S100, and the process proceeds to step S101.

  In step S101, the microcomputer 110 collects detection data from the electric field strength sensor 130, the triaxial acceleration sensor 140, and the temperature sensor 150 at a specified time, and the voltage of the battery 160 and the tag I of the active RFID tag 100 for remote monitoring. . D. Along with the number, data is transmitted from the transmission antenna 191 by being put on a carrier wave by the wireless circuit 190.

  Thereafter, the process proceeds to step S102, where the microcomputer 110 enters a sleep state to save power, and in step S103, the real time clock 120 starts counting down to the set time.

  During the countdown in step S103, the microcomputer 110 maintains the sleep state. When the set time is reached by the real-time clock 120, the sleep state of the microcomputer 110 is canceled, and the process proceeds to step S101 again to collect the latest data from the electric field strength sensor 130, the triaxial acceleration sensor 140, and the temperature sensor 150, and the battery. 160 voltage and tag I. of the active RFID tag 100 for remote monitoring. D. Along with the number, data is transmitted from the radio circuit 190 and the transmission antenna 191. That is, the microcomputer 110 basically repeats this cycle.

  If an event that vertically traverses the two setting thresholds of the first comparison circuit 171 or an abnormality that traverses each comparison circuit setting threshold of the safety management information occurs during the countdown of the real-time clock 120 in step S103, the process proceeds to step S104. The forced transmission signal (sleep release signal) is output from the OR circuit 175, the sleep state of the microcomputer 110 is released, the process proceeds to step S101, and the electric field strength sensor 130, the triaxial acceleration sensor 140 including the event information, the temperature The detection data of the sensor 150 is collected and the voltage of the battery 160 and the I.D. D. Along with the number, data is transmitted from the radio circuit 190 and the transmission antenna 191.

  Since the real-time clock 120 of the remote monitoring active RFID tag 100 is independent of the OR circuit, it is not reset when an event occurs, and the sleep state of the microcomputer 110 is released at a fixed time, and the process proceeds to step S101. Transition.

When a plurality of events occur during the countdown of the real-time clock 120, the sleep state of the microcomputer 110 is canceled each time, and the latest data collection and transmission are repeated.
The forced transmission signal (sleep release signal) from the OR circuit 175 is output when the following event occurs.
1. Change in power reception status: Power shutdown ⇒ Power reception, power reception status ⇒ Power shutdown Ground connection failure detection: When field strength exceeds E ₂ V / m
2. When the field strength value falls below E ₂ V / m. Abnormal physical impact detection: When an impact exceeding the set threshold is detected. Abnormal environmental temperature detection: When an abnormal temperature exceeding the set threshold is detected The forced transmission signal from the OR circuit 175 can only be issued once when one of the sensor detection signals crosses the set threshold of each comparison circuit. Normally, the forced transmission signal is not repeatedly transmitted when one event occurs.

  As described above, from the remote monitoring active RFID tag 100 attached to the medical device, as shown in FIG. 7, the “electric field strength”, “acceleration”, “temperature”, and the attached remote monitoring active type. An “ID number” unique to the RFID tag and a built-in “battery voltage” are wirelessly transmitted. FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating an example of a data configuration wirelessly transmitted from the active RFID tag 100 for remote monitoring.

  As described above, data wirelessly transmitted from the remote monitoring active RFID tag 100 attached to each medical device is first received by the plurality of small wireless relay devices 300 for location management installed in the facility. . In the medical device operation management system according to the present invention, means for indicating the current location of the medical device to which the active RFID tag 100 for remote monitoring is attached is usually obtained from information received from a plurality of small relay radio devices 300 for location management. Have.

  Next, the small wireless relay device 300 for location management used in the medical device operation management system according to the present invention will be described. FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating a block configuration of the small wireless relay device 300 for location management. In FIG. D. The number storage unit 340 includes a unique radio I.D. assigned to each small relay radio for location management. D. It is a non-volatile, non-rewritable storage element that stores numbers and carries the most important information for location management. The receiving antenna 310 is an antenna for receiving radio waves transmitted by the active RFID tag 100 for remote monitoring. The received power measuring circuit 320 measures the strength of the radio wave received from each remote monitoring active RFID tag 100 as received power.

The control circuit 330 receives data received from the active RFID tag for remote monitoring, that is, “tag ID number”, “field strength”, “acceleration”, “temperature”, and “battery voltage” data, and receives received power. The “reception power” measured by the measurement circuit 320 and the “radio ID number” unique to the location management small repeater radio 300 are output to the communication circuit 350. The communication circuit 350 places all data on a carrier wave that can be received by an existing wireless LAN access point, and transfers the data from the transmission antenna 360.

  In addition, since the medical device operation management system according to the present invention uses a communication network of a wireless LAN system that is generally widely used, in the wireless environment construction work related to the small relay radio 300 for location management, It is not necessary to construct a simple LAN network or add a HUB, and only supply commercial power. Therefore, it is possible to enjoy the merit that the system creation cost can be greatly reduced.

  The small wireless relay device 300 for location management configured as described above is installed in a facility with an appropriate spatial interval. FIG. 9 is a diagram showing an installation example of the location management small repeater radio 300, and shows how the location management small repeater radio 300 is installed in the floor plan of the hospital building. It is.

  In the example shown in FIG. 9, the location management small relay radio 300a is located in the “observation room”, the location management small repeater radio 300b is located in the “nurse station”, the 300c is located in the “patient room A”, and the “patient room B”. Shows a case where 300d is installed in “patient room C”. A wireless LAN access point 400a is installed on the same floor. The example shown in FIG. 9 shows an example in which only one small wireless relay device 300 for location management is installed in each medical room. However, in the case of an ICU having a large number of beds, two or more location management devices are used. A small relay radio 300 for medical use may be installed, or if a radio wave from the active RFID tag 100 for remote monitoring can be received, a medical room that does not have a small relay radio for location management such as a hospital room D is provided. There may be.

  With reference to FIG. 9, the identification method of the location management information of the medical device in the medical device operation management system according to the present invention will be described. As an example, I.I. D. A case will be described in which a medical device to which an active RFID tag for remote monitoring of number 100a is attached is in the “observation room”. The radio waves transmitted from the remote monitoring active RFID tag 100a are received almost simultaneously by the location management small repeater radios 300a and 300b.

  The strength of the radio wave received by the small wireless relay device 300 for location management, that is, the received power, is larger as the normal distance is closer and smaller as it is farther. From the transmission data of each small relay radio 300 for location management, the received power is displayed on the screen of the remote monitoring terminal as the first candidate, the second candidate, and the third candidate together with the candidate area name. The location information indicating the larger received power can be determined as the current location of the medical device. Moreover, by displaying on the screen simultaneously with the first candidate, the second candidate, and the third candidate, the observer can confirm that the medical device is definitely present in a specific ward or the like.

  Location management small relay radio 300 installation information, that is, which location management small relay radio 300 is installed in which area is generated in information processing apparatus 500 in which medical device remote monitoring terminal software is installed Location management becomes possible by inputting on the remote monitoring terminal screen. That is, the radio I.P. D. It is possible to determine on which area the active RFID tag 100 for remote monitoring is located and display it on the remote monitoring terminal screen by corresponding, fixing and storing the number and installation area name on a one-to-one basis. It becomes.

The location information of the small relay radio 300 for location management as described above, that is, which radio I.D. D. Information indicating in which area the small relay radio 300 for location management of numbers is installed is stored in a specified table. FIG. 10 is a diagram showing a data table used in the medical device operation management system according to the embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 10, the data table includes a radio I.D. of the small relay radio 300 for location management. D. The number and the installation area name are stored in association with each other.

  Next, data transmitted via the wireless LAN from the small wireless relay device 300 for location management installed in each place in the facility will be described. FIG. 11 is a diagram showing an example of a data configuration transmitted from the small wireless relay device 300 for location management. As shown in FIG. 11, from the location management small repeater radio 300, “radio ID number”, “received power”, “tag ID number”, “field strength”, “acceleration”. The “temperature” and “battery voltage” data are transmitted wirelessly. Among these data, “tag ID number”, “field strength”, “acceleration”, “temperature”, and “battery voltage” data are data received from the active RFID tag 100 for remote monitoring (transfer data DT). The “radio device ID number” and “reception power” are data added by the small relay radio device 300 for location management. The received power level is data measured by the received power measuring circuit 320.

  As described so far, each sensor detection data, battery voltage, and tag I.D. that indicate the usage status of a medical device wirelessly transmitted from the active RFID tag 100 for remote monitoring. D. The number is received by the small wireless relay device 300 for location management and then the radio I.D. of the small relay wireless device 300 for location management. D. The number and the received power data are added and transferred to the wireless LAN access point. The data received by the existing wireless LAN access point 400 is received by the information processing apparatus 500 connected to the wired LAN network or the wireless LAN network, for example, with a data configuration as shown in FIG.

FIG. 12 is a diagram illustrating a configuration example of data received by the information processing apparatus 500 in which the remote monitoring terminal software is installed. As shown in FIG. 12, the data includes “radio device ID number”, “received power”, “tag ID number” of the active RFID tag 100 for remote monitoring, and “received data group (remote data)”. Each sensor detection data of the active RFID tag for monitoring 100 and the battery voltage) ”and“ reception time ”are included. Each received power in the received power column has a relationship of X ₁ > X ₂ > X ₃ and X ₄ > X ₅ > X ₆ .

  FIG. D. A ventilator No. 100 to which an active RFID tag 100 for remote monitoring with the number 100a is attached. 1 is an example showing in what medical room in the facility what kind of use situation (for example, “normally operating” or “stopped”) with the passage of time. In this example, changes in impact detection, changes in temperature, and changes in battery voltage are also shown.

  Normally, equipment rented from the ME Center is immediately brought to the bedside where the equipment is scheduled to be used, and the power plug of the equipment is plugged into a predetermined outlet. For example, in the case of a ventilator, the machine self-test is completed. Thereafter, the breathing circuit is inspected, and various settings such as the number of breaths, tidal volume, alarm settings, and the like are performed, and a standby state is set. The active RFID tag for remote monitoring 100 detects that the 3P power plug of the medical device is properly received at the moment when the 3P power plug is correctly inserted into the 3P power outlet, and transmits all detection signals at the same time. At this time, it is recognized as a “normal operation” state.

  The device is attached to the patient, and diagnosis and treatment are started.

When the diagnosis and treatment are completed, for example, with a ventilator, while watching the patient's spontaneous breathing, remove the breathing circuit, and if there is no problem, terminate the treatment, and the ventilator power plug is disconnected from the power outlet. It is pulled out, removed from the bedside, and taken out of the hospital room. The active RFID tag 100 for remote monitoring detects that the power supply is cut off at the moment when the power plug of the device is pulled out from the power outlet, and transmits all detection signals at the same time. At this time, it is recognized as a “stop” state.

  The part of the ME Center marked “Normal Operation” is the time when the power is turned on and the charging operation of the respirator with the internal power supply is performed. It is possible to determine whether the usage status is during these inspection operations or during charging operation based on the displayed medical device installation area information.

  Next, an example of displaying and outputting the cumulative operation time of each medical device on the remote monitoring screen based on the above analysis processing will be described. FIG. 14 is a diagram illustrating an example in which the accumulated operation time, the accumulated stop time, and the operation rate of each medical device are output by the medical device operation management system according to the embodiment of the present invention. The cumulative operating time here is basically the cumulative data after the introduction of this medical device operation management system, but based on the accumulated data, the cumulative total since the introduction of each medical device to the medical institution, Alternatively, it is possible to select, for example, a cumulative total from when each medical device has undergone a predetermined periodic inspection. According to the display / output function as shown in FIG. 14, a clinical engineer or the like can easily grasp the accumulated operation time, the accumulated stop time, and the operation rate of each medical device.

  Next, an example of displaying and outputting the cumulative operation time of each medical device and notifications such as periodic inspections based on it based on the above analysis processing will be described. FIG. 15 is a diagram illustrating an example of displaying or outputting a cumulative operation time of each medical device and a notification such as a periodic check based on the operation time by the medical device operation management system according to the embodiment of the present invention.

  As shown in FIG. 15, when a program is selected to display the cumulative operation time from when each medical device has undergone a periodic inspection, the cumulative time can be reset when the periodic inspection of the medical device is completed.

  Then, when the accumulated operating time preset for each model (for example, 2000 hours is set, the number of operating hours to be regularly checked by the medical device manufacturer is set) is shown in FIG. As described above, a warning message such as “requires periodic inspection” or “requires inspection” is displayed. The display and output function as shown in FIG. 15 helps a clinical engineer to perform maintenance management reliably when necessary.

  Next, an example of information display based on the above analysis processing will be described. FIG. 16 shows the use status and location information of each medical device displayed on the remote monitoring screen of the information processing apparatus 500 in which the software for remote monitoring terminal is installed by the medical device operation management system according to the embodiment of the present invention. It is a figure which shows the example which displays a list.

  In FIG. 16, “medical device usage status (information such as“ normal operation ”,“ stop ”or“ ground connection failure ”)”, “tag ID number (when the device is mounted, the medical device management number is input)”. , “Battery voltage (V)”, “medical device name and model name”, “first candidate area name” and “received power (dBm)” of location management information, “second candidate area name” and “received power” (DBm) ”,“ third candidate area name ”and“ received power (dBm) ”,“ cumulative operation time ”,“ cumulative stop time ”,“ operation rate ”, and“ reception time ”of the latest data on the same screen An example displayed in

According to the display / output function as shown in FIG. 16, a clinical engineer or the like can grasp at a glance which medical device is in which area and in what usage state.

  In FIG. 16, information on various medical devices is mixed, but by using the sort function by medical device name, model name, etc., only the ventilator can be displayed in a list, or the list including the model name can be displayed. Since it can be displayed, you can easily check the current location of unused devices when there are not enough devices for lending, and you can also check the elapsed time from the stop time by browsing history data This will enable new efforts to improve operational efficiency, such as prompt prompt return after use.

  Also, if there is a missing device, you can check the time when the data was last received and the installation location at that time by entering the management number. It becomes.

  As described above, according to the medical device operation management system according to the embodiment of the present invention, the 3P power plug with the ground pin of the medical device is correctly inserted into the 3P power outlet with the ground terminal together with the operation management information of the medical device. Appropriate management can be performed by remote monitoring, including safety management information of medical devices including whether or not such information is available.

  Therefore, according to the medical device operation management system according to the embodiment of the present invention, it is possible to efficiently manage the medical device, and in terms of safety management, the work by the clinical engineer in the ME center or the like is greatly improved. It becomes possible to support.

  In addition, according to the medical device operation management system according to the embodiment of the present invention, it is possible to prevent the medical device from being left in the intensive care unit or the ward, and it is possible to hold the necessary number of medical devices, which is unnecessary. The expansion of medical equipment can be suppressed, and asset management benefits can also be enjoyed.

  Further, according to the medical device operation management system according to the embodiment of the present invention, the system can be introduced without modifying the specific maintenance management medical device or the like.

  In addition, according to the medical device operation management system according to the embodiment of the present invention, since the small relay radio for location management can be used only by supplying commercial power, the system can be operated without adding a LAN network or HUB. Since it can be introduced, costs can be reduced.

100, 100a, 100b, 100c, 100d... Active RFID tags for remote monitoring of medical devices, 110... Microcomputers, 111. D. Number storage unit, 120 ... Real time clock, 125 ... Interface circuit, 130 ... Electric field strength sensor, 131 ... Antenna, 132 ... Amplifier, 133 ... AC / DC conversion circuit, 135 ... A / D conversion circuit, 140 ... 3-axis acceleration sensor, 145 ... A / D conversion circuit, 150 ... temperature sensor, 155 ... A / D conversion circuit, 160 ... battery, 165 ... A / D conversion circuit, 171 ... first comparison circuit, 172 ... second comparison circuit, 173 ... third comparison circuit, 175 ... OR circuit, 180 ... LED control circuit 181 ... green LED, 182 ... yellow LED, 183 ... red LED, 190 ... communication circuit, 191 ... transmitting antenna, 300, 300a, 300b, 300c ... location Management for small relay transceiver, 310 ... reception antenna, 320 ... reception power measuring circuit, 330 ... control circuit, 340 ... radio I. D. Number storage unit, 350 ... communication circuit, 360 ... transmission antenna, 400a, 400b, 400c ... wireless LAN access point, 500 ... information processing apparatus

Claims (5)

A medical device operation management system for performing remote operation management of medical devices used in medical institutions,
It can be mounted on the device casing without electrical connection or modification to the medical device, and is unique to identifying the medical device to be mounted. D. And a detection sensor for monitoring the usage status and usage environment of the attached medical device, and the data acquired by the detection sensor is used for tag-specific I.D. D. An active RFID tag for remote monitoring that transmits by radio frequency together with a number;
The data transmitted from the remote monitoring active RFID tag is received and converted into radio waves that can be received by the access point of the wireless LAN network. D. A small relay radio for location management that transmits the received data together with the received power from the active RFID tag for remote monitoring,
Remote monitoring terminal software having storage means for recording data received via the wireless LAN network, data analysis means, and analysis result display generation means;
A medical device operation management system characterized by comprising: The medical device operation management system according to claim 1, wherein the detection sensor is an electric field intensity sensor for power reception detection. The medical device operation management system according to claim 1, wherein the detection sensor is an acceleration sensor for detecting a physical shock. The medical device operation management system according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the detection sensor is a temperature sensor for detecting an abnormal temperature. The remote monitoring active RFID tag is provided with an LED. When the remote monitoring active RFID tag is mounted on a medical device, the mounting position of the remote monitoring active RFID tag is determined by the LED. The medical device operation management system according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein

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