JP2013094829A - Machining method and machine - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To achieve the movement of a machining point of a machining head stably at a high speed.SOLUTION: An offset-type machining head 2 capable of relatively moving in an X-axis direction and in a Y-axis direction with respect to an XY plane is provided rotatably around a C-axis 13 perpendicular to the XY plane, and a machining point P of the machining head 2 away from the center line of the C-axis 13 by an offset distance r is determined relatively by the movement in the X-axis direction and in the Y-axis direction by the linear motion of the machining head 2 and the movement in the X-axis direction and in the Y-axis direction by the rotational motion around the C-axis of the machining head 2. A coordinate (x, y) of the machining point P of the machining head 2 is obtained from a calculation formulas x=x1+x2 and y=y1+y2, and x2 and y2 are obtained by the calculation of a trigonometric function of the offset distance r of the machining head 2 and a rotation angle θ around the C-axis.

Description

  The present invention mainly relates to a machining method and a machining method for positioning a machining point of a machining head at a relatively high speed by a movement of a machining head by a rotary motion in addition to a movement of the offset type machining head by a linear motion in a laser processing machine. Related to the machine.

  For example, Patent Document 1 discloses that a machining head of a laser beam machine is driven not only by an X axis and a Y axis but also by an auxiliary X axis and a Y axis. If two X-axis and Y-axis are provided for each axial direction as in the technique, the machining head is driven and moved simultaneously by two drive sources for each axial direction. It is possible to increase the speed of the driving device driven by one driving source every time. However, on the other hand, there are disadvantages that the number of drive sources increases and the positioning control becomes complicated accordingly.

  As another technique, two drive sources are arranged in a movable part movable in the X-axis direction, a pantograph arm (link device) is driven by these drive sources, and a machining head at the tip of the arm is moved. It is also known to move in the direction of the Y axis. According to this technique, the moving speed in the X-axis and Y-axis directions can be increased, but there is a problem that the link device is not stable and positioning errors are likely to appear.

  In addition, Patent Document 2 discloses that a tool length is corrected in a machining program when an offset type nozzle head is replaced in a laser processing machine. There is no contribution to speeding up time.

Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 6-210477 JP-A-6-297179

  Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to make it possible to stably speed up the movement of the processing point of the processing head.

  Based on the above-described problems, the present invention provides an offset type machining head, the machining head is provided so as to be rotatable about the C axis, and the machining point position of the machining head is determined in the X-axis direction and Y-axis direction by linear motion. In addition to this movement, the position of the machining point of the machining head is relatively determined from the movement in the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction due to the rotational movement around the C-axis.

  More specifically, in the machining method according to the present invention, an offset type machining head that can move relative to the XY plane in the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction can be rotated about the C-axis perpendicular to the XY plane. The machining point of the machining head at a position separated from the center line of the C axis by an offset distance is moved in the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction by the linear motion of the machining head, and around the C-axis of the machining head The relative movement is determined based on the movement in the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction due to the rotational movement of the first (Claim 1).

  In the machining method described above, the present invention provides the movement amount x1 in the X-axis direction and the movement amount y1 in the Y-axis direction due to the linear movement of the machining head, and the movement amount x2 in the X-axis direction due to the rotational movement of the machining head around the C-axis. And the movement amount y2 in the Y-axis direction, and the coordinates (x, y) of the machining point of the machining head are obtained from the calculation formulas x = x1 + x2, y = y1 + y2, and the movement amount x2 in the X-axis direction and the movement amount x2 in the Y-axis direction The amount of movement y2 is obtained from the calculation of a trigonometric function of the offset distance r from the center line of the C axis to the machining point and the rotation angle θ around the C axis (claim 2).

  In the machining method described above, the present invention relates to the movement time required for the movement amount x1 in the X-axis direction and the movement amount y1 in the Y-axis direction due to the linear movement of the machining head, and the X due to the rotational movement of the machining head around the C-axis. The movement time required for the movement amount x2 in the axial direction and the movement amount y2 in the Y-axis direction is distributed substantially equally or evenly (Claim 3).

  In the above processing method, the present invention is configured to rotate the processing head in a direction with a small rotation angle θ when the processing point of the processing head is moved from the current position to the next target position by rotational movement. (Claim 4).

  The processing machine according to the present invention is relatively movable in the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction with respect to the XY plane, and is rotatably provided around the C-axis perpendicular to the XY plane, and is offset from the C-axis. An offset type machining head having machining points at positions separated by a distance, and a drive device that gives linear movements in the X-axis direction and Y-axis direction to the machining head, and gives rotational movement about the C-axis to the machining head And moving the machining point that is separated from the center line of the C axis by an offset distance in the X axis direction and the Y axis direction by the linear motion of the machining head, and the X axis direction by the rotational motion of the machining head around the C axis. And an NC device that relatively determines the machining point of the machining head from the movement in the Y-axis direction.

  In the processing machine, the present invention provides an amount of movement x1 in the X-axis direction and a movement amount y1 in the Y-axis direction due to the linear motion of the processing head, and an amount of movement x2 in the X-axis direction due to the rotational motion of the processing head around the C-axis. And the movement amount y2 in the Y-axis direction, and the coordinates (x, y) of the machining point of the machining head are obtained from the calculation formulas x = x1 + x2, y = y1 + y2 by the calculation function of the NC device, A function for obtaining the movement amount x2 and the movement amount y2 in the Y-axis direction from the calculation of the trigonometric function of the offset distance r from the center line of the C-axis to the machining point and the rotation angle θ around the C-axis is added. Item 6).

  In the processing machine, according to the present invention, the calculation function of the NC device allows the movement time required for the movement amount x1 in the X-axis direction and the movement amount y1 in the Y-axis direction due to the linear motion of the processing head, A function for distributing the movement time necessary for the movement amount x2 in the X-axis direction and the movement amount y2 in the Y-axis direction by the rotational movement about the C-axis substantially uniformly or evenly is added.

  In the processing machine, according to the present invention, when the processing point of the processing head is moved from the current position to the target position by the rotational motion, the processing head is moved in a direction with a small rotation angle θ by the calculation function of the NC device. A function of rotating is added to the NC device.

  According to the machining method and machine according to the present invention, the machining point of the machining head is relatively determined not only by the movement of the machining head by the linear motion but also by the movement of the machining head by the rotational movement around the C axis. Since the movement of the machining point of the machining head can be accelerated, and the movement in the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction due to the rotational movement is sufficient with one drive source, the drive means is not complicated and advantageous. 1 and claim 5).

  According to the machining method and the machine according to the present invention, the coordinates of the machining point of the machining head are obtained by simple addition and calculation of trigonometric functions, so that the machining point positioning calculation is facilitated (claims 2 and 6). ).

  According to the machining method and machine according to the present invention, the movement time required for the movement amount x1 in the X-axis direction and the movement amount y1 in the Y-axis direction due to the linear movement of the machining head and the rotational movement around the C-axis of the machining head. Since the movement time required for the movement amount x2 in the X-axis direction and the movement amount y2 in the Y-axis direction is almost equally or evenly distributed, the linear motion and the rotational motion are finished almost simultaneously or simultaneously. The travel time required for both movements can be set to a minimum range (claims 3 and 7).

  According to the machining method and the machine according to the present invention, when the machining head rotates from the current position such as the reference position or the standby position to the next target position, the machining head rotates in a direction with a small rotation angle θ. Therefore, the time required for the rotational motion at this time can be shortened as much as possible (claims 4 and 8).

It is a block diagram of a system when the processing method concerning the present invention is applied to a laser processing machine. It is a skeleton figure of the drive device of a processing head. It is explanatory drawing of positioning of the process point of a process head. It is explanatory drawing of the example of a movement of the process point of a process head. It is explanatory drawing of the example of a movement of the process point of a process head. It is explanatory drawing of the example of a movement of the process point of a process head.

  FIG. 1 shows a laser processing machine 1 as an example of a processing machine. The laser processing machine 1 drives a multi-axis control type driving device 3 based on various commands and NC data from the NC device 4, and gives a linear motion and a rotational motion on the XY plane to the offset processing head 2. By irradiating the processing point P with the laser beam 12 from the processing head 2, a predetermined processing is performed on the workpiece 5.

  The laser beam 12 is output from the laser oscillator 6 and output-controlled by the laser control device 7, and is suitable for the processing mode with reference to various commands from the NC device 4, NC data, and setting data from the input operation unit 8. Adjusted to the correct value. The NC device 4 and the laser control device 7 operate based on various commands and setting data from an NC processing program and an interactive input operation device 8 by an operator. The input content and the setting content can be visually confirmed on the display screen of the display 9 attached to the input operation device 8.

  The control device 10 creates a predetermined NC machining program based on the NC data input by the operator while referring to the program command from the automatic programming device 11 in order to operate the NC device 4, and the created NC machining The program is output to the NC device 4.

  FIG. 2 illustrates a drive device 3 of a four-axis control method as an example of the multi-axis control method. The machining head 2 is opposed to the upper surface of the work 5 mounted on the fixed table 15, for example, perpendicular to the XY plane at an eccentric position separated from the center line of the C-axis 13 by an offset distance r. The C-axis 13 is coupled to the lower end of the support shaft 14 in the Z-axis direction so as to be rotatable on the same axis, and is supported so as to be rotatable around the center line of the support shaft 14. Further, the support shaft 14 is guided so as to be movable up and down in the Z-axis direction as required with respect to a guide portion 33 such as a ram, and the guide portion 33 is moved in the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction by a feed guide means (not shown). It can be freely positioned with respect to the upper surface of the work 5 on the XY plane.

  The guide unit 33 is driven in the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction, if necessary, in the Z-axis direction by the first drive device 31 inside the drive device 3, and the C-axis 13 is The second drive device 32 inside the drive device 3 is provided so as to be positioned by the rotation angle θ during the rotational movement. For such driving, the first drive unit 31 has a drive source in the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction and, if necessary, a Z-axis direction, and feed guide means such as a feed screw unit and a linear guide. The second drive device 32 has a rotational drive source for the C-axis 13 and feed guide means such as a feed screw unit and a linear guide.

  In the example of FIG. 2, the table 15 is fixed. However, if the table 15 is configured to be movable in the X-axis direction by a rotation driving source (not shown) and feed guide means such as a feed screw unit and a linear guide, The guide 33 does not need to move in the X-axis direction, is guided so as to be movable in the Y-axis direction, and is guided so as to be movable in the Z-axis direction as necessary. In the case of such a configuration, the first drive unit 31 drives the table 15 also in the X-axis direction as illustrated by a two-dot chain line in FIG. 2 in addition to driving the guide unit 33 in the Y-axis direction. become.

  As described above, the offset type processing head 2 is movable in the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction with respect to the XY plane, and is provided around the C-axis 13 so as to be rotatable in any direction. The irradiation point of the laser beam 12 from the processing head 2, that is, the processing point P of the processing head 2 is separated by an offset distance r, moves in the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction by linear motion, and rotates around the C-axis 13. It can be determined relatively from movement in the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction due to movement.

  FIG. 3 is an XY orthogonal coordinate on the XY plane. For convenience of explanation, the origin of the XY orthogonal coordinate is set on the center line of the C axis 13 in the range where both the X axis and the Y axis are positive signs, that is, the first quadrant. Assuming that the machining point P of the head 2 is placed at the position P0 on the Y axis, the machining point P is moved in the X axis direction and the Y axis direction by the linear motion of the machining head 2, and the X is rotated by the rotational motion around the C axis 13. The relationship when the machining point P is moved to the position P1 by the movement of the machining point P in the axial direction and the Y-axis direction is shown.

  As described above, the machining point P of the machining head 2 is moved in the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction by the linear motion of the machining head 2 and in the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction by the rotational motion of the machining head 2 around the C-axis. Relative from movement. More specifically, it is assumed that the machining point P moves from the position P0 by the movement amount x1 in the X-axis direction and the movement amount y1 in the Y-axis direction by the linear movement of the machining head 2, and the machining head 2 performs the machining by the rotational movement of the machining head 2. Assuming that the point P moves by a movement amount x2 in the X-axis direction and a movement amount y2 in the Y-axis direction, the coordinates (x, y) of the position P1 of the processed point P after the movement are calculated by the equation x = x1 + x2, It is obtained from y = y1 + y2. Here, the movement amount x2 and the movement amount y2 are obtained from the calculation of trigonometric equations x2 = r · sin θ and y2 = r · cos θ using the offset distance r and the rotation angle θ around the C axis.

  3, for convenience of explanation, first, a movement amount x2 due to the rotational movement of the machining head 2 around the C axis and a machining point P after movement of the movement amount y2 are obtained, and then a movement amount x1 due to the rotational movement of the machining head 2; In addition to the movement amount y1 in addition to the processing point P after movement, the final position P1 resulting from the movement of both is illustrated. In this case, as shown in the drawing, the processing point P moves from the position P0 to the position P1 by the relative movement of both.

  Next, FIG. 4 shows an example in which the machining point P is moved only in the X-axis direction. As described above, the coordinates (x, y) of the machining point P are given by the calculation formulas x = x1 + x2 and y = y1 + y2, but FIG. 4 shows that the absolute values of the movement amount y1 and the movement amount y2 are equal, In addition, by setting the direction to a different direction (different sign), a movement amount (x1 + x2) is given from the original position P0 of the machining point P in the X-axis direction, and there is no movement amount in the Y-axis direction. An example of moving to the target position P1 is shown. Of course, conversely to this example, it is also possible to provide a movement amount (y1 + y2) only in the Y-axis direction with no movement amount in the X-axis direction.

  Further, in FIG. 5, the movement amount (x1 + x2) is given in the X-axis direction from the original position P0 of the machining point P, and the movement amount (y1-y2) is given in the Y-axis direction, thereby moving the target point P1. An example is shown. Further, in FIG. 6, a movement amount (x1 + x2) is given in the X-axis direction from the original position P0 of the machining point P, and a movement amount (y1-y2) is given in the Y-axis direction to move to the next target position P1. An example is shown.

  In the process of positioning the machining point P, the movement time required for the movement amount x1 in the X-axis direction and the movement amount y1 in the Y-axis direction due to the linear motion of the machining head 2 and the X-axis due to the rotational movement of the machining head 2 around the C-axis When the movement time required for the movement amount x2 in the direction and the movement amount y2 in the Y-axis direction are not equal, the completion of the other movement is stopped after the completion of one movement, and the necessary movement is completely completed. .

  Thus, if there is a time difference between the end of each movement, the movement from the original position P0 to the next target position P1 is not completed promptly. In such a case, the operator gives the coordinates (x, y) of the machining point P in order to eliminate the time difference associated with the movement of the machining head 2 by using the arithmetic functions of the control device 10 and the NC device. In addition, the time required for the movement of the machining head 2 due to the linear motion and the time required for the movement of the machining head 2 due to the rotational motion around the C axis are set so as to be distributed substantially equally or evenly. As a result, the time difference between the end of the linear motion and the rotational motion is eliminated, and the movements are completed almost simultaneously or simultaneously.

  When the machining point P is rotationally moved from the original position P0 such as the reference position or the standby position to the next target position P1, the rotational direction of the rotational movement can be either counterclockwise or clockwise. In order to reduce the required time and increase the speed, it is preferable to use the calculation function of the NC device to rotate in a direction with a smaller rotation angle θ.

  The illustrated example is an explanation of the first quadrant, but the processing point P can be similarly positioned in the other three quadrants in consideration of positive and negative signs. Further, the origin of the XY orthogonal coordinates can be set to the standby position of the machining point P without matching the C axis 13 according to the machining mode.

  Further, if the positioning control of the movement path of the machining point P is continuous path control as in continuous machining, the linear motion and the rotary motion are always synchronized on the continuous designated path. If point-to-point control is used, such as moving from the standby position to the machining point or moving from one machining position to the next, the linear motion and rotational motion can be synchronized only at the specified point. It will be good.

  Furthermore, since the present invention aims at high-speed positioning, it is ideal to perform linear motion and rotational motion at the same time, but it is also possible to perform linear motion or rotational motion independently as needed. If the rotary motion is combined with the adjusting means for the offset distance r, it is possible to cope with drilling with an arbitrary radius (the radius of the adjustable offset distance r).

  In the illustrated example, the position of the machining head 2 can be adjusted in the Z-axis direction, so that machining with vertical movement of the machining head 2 can be performed in addition to continuous machining on the XY plane. Further, the machining head 2 is not limited to the illustrated example as long as the machining head 2 can be moved relative to the XY plane in the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction.

  The illustrated example is a laser processing machine 1, but the present invention can also be used for a thermal processing machine having an offset type processing head 2, such as an electric discharge machine.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Laser processing machine 2 Processing head 3 Drive apparatus 31 1st drive part 32 2nd drive part 33 Guide part 4 NC apparatus 5 Work 6 Laser oscillator 7 Laser control apparatus 8 Input operation device 9 Display 10 Control apparatus 11 Automatic programming apparatus 12 Laser beam 13 C-axis 14 Support shaft 15 Table r Offset distance θ Rotation angle P Processing points P0 and P1 of processing head 2 Position of processing point P

Claims (8)

  An offset type machining head that is movable relative to the XY plane in the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction is provided to be rotatable around the C axis perpendicular to the XY plane, and is separated from the C-axis center line by an offset distance. The machining point of the machining head at the position is moved in the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction by the linear motion of the machining head, and in the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction by the rotational motion of the machining head around the C-axis. The processing method characterized by determining relatively from.   A movement amount x1 in the X-axis direction and a movement amount y1 in the Y-axis direction due to the linear movement of the machining head, a movement amount x2 in the X-axis direction and a movement amount y2 in the Y-axis direction due to the rotational movement of the machining head around the C-axis. The coordinates (x, y) of the machining point of the machining head are obtained from the calculation formulas x = x1 + x2, y = y1 + y2, and the movement amount x2 in the X-axis direction and the movement amount y2 in the Y-axis direction are determined as the center of the C-axis. 2. The machining method according to claim 1, wherein the machining method is obtained by calculating a trigonometric function of an offset distance r from the line to the machining point and a rotation angle θ around the C axis.   The movement time required for the movement amount x1 in the X-axis direction and the movement amount y1 in the Y-axis direction due to the linear movement of the machining head, and the movement amount x2 and the Y-axis in the X-axis direction due to the rotational movement of the machining head around the C-axis. 3. The processing method according to claim 2, wherein the moving time necessary for the moving amount y2 in the direction is distributed substantially equally or evenly.   The said processing head is rotated in the direction where the said rotation angle (theta) is small at the time of the movement by the rotational motion from the present position to the next target position of the said processing head. 2. The processing method according to claim 3.   The machining point can be moved relative to the XY plane in the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction, and can be rotated around the C-axis perpendicular to the XY-plane. An offset type machining head, a drive device that gives linear motion in the X-axis direction and Y-axis direction to the machining head, and rotational motion about the C-axis to the machining head, and an offset from the center line of the C-axis The machining head is moved from the machining point separated by a distance in the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction by the linear motion of the machining head, and in the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction by the rotational movement of the machining head around the C-axis. A processing machine characterized by comprising an NC device that relatively determines the processing point.   A movement amount x1 in the X-axis direction and a movement amount y1 in the Y-axis direction due to the linear movement of the machining head, a movement amount x2 in the X-axis direction and a movement amount y2 in the Y-axis direction due to the rotational movement of the machining head around the C-axis. The coordinates (x, y) of the machining point of the machining head are obtained from the calculation formulas x = x1 + x2, y = y1 + y2 by the calculation function of the NC device, and the movement amount x2 in the X axis direction and the movement in the Y axis direction are calculated. 6. The processing machine according to claim 5, wherein a function for obtaining the amount y2 from a calculation of a trigonometric function of an offset distance r from the center line of the C axis to the processing point and a rotation angle θ around the C axis is added. .   By the calculation function of the NC device, the movement time required for the movement amount x1 in the X-axis direction and the movement amount y1 in the Y-axis direction due to the linear movement of the machining head, and the X-axis due to the rotational movement of the machining head around the C-axis. 7. The processing machine according to claim 5, further comprising a function of distributing the necessary movement time to the movement amount x2 in the direction and the movement amount y2 in the Y-axis direction substantially equally or evenly.   When the machining point of the machining head is moved from the current position to the target position by the rotational movement, the NC device has a function of rotating the machining head in a direction with a small rotation angle θ. The processing machine according to claim 5, 6, or 7.

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