JP2013079768A - Solar heat collector - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a solar heat collector which can be utilized even in a narrow space although a conventional solar heat collector requires a wide installation area.SOLUTION: A trough spherical mirror 1 is provided on a tracking pedestal 7 at an angle selected out of the range of elevation angles from 0° to 90°, a bottom reflecting mirror 2 is provided on the bottom, and a heat collection pipe 3 is provided at a focal point 6 of the spherical mirror 1. Connection pipes 4 are provided at both terminals, and a sun azimuth angle turning device 9 and a sun tracking device 13 are provided while being disposed so that a working fluid 5 flows into the heat collection pipe 3 and the connection pipes 4.

Description

The present invention relates to a solar collector.

In recent years, global warming has been found to be a serious condition. This is thought to be due to a sharp increase in greenhouse carbon dioxide due to human activities. Furthermore, the unprecedented large accident of explosion and radioactive contamination of the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station caused by the great earthquake and tsunami that occurred on March 11, 2011, caused renewable energy with no environmental impact. The development of new solar energy is spurring.

One of them is solar power generation, but the conversion efficiency of commercially available solar cells is still low at the 10% level. In such cases, the theoretical efficiency of quantum dot solar cells or multi-junction solar cells is expected to exceed 60%, but it is still in the research stage, and it is expected that it will take a considerable number of years before it becomes popular. ing. Therefore, solar power generation that has been performed conventionally has been reviewed in recent research on renewable energy.

There are various types of solar thermal power generation, such as trough type, tower type, Fresnel type, and dish type. Each has advantages and disadvantages. The trough type can heat up to nearly 400 degrees Celsius by concentrating sunlight on a heat collecting pipe using a bowl-shaped curved mirror. The liquid in the heat collecting pipe is changed to steam and the turbine is turned. Generate electricity. The tower type uses a large number of mirrors placed on the ground to shine light on the heat collector placed at the top of the tower, but it requires a large-scale device because it needs to accurately track the movement of the sun. . The Fresnel type is a plurality of mirrors laid on the ground, and steam is generated by condensing and heating the heat collecting pipe located above. The advantage is that the mirror does not need to be moved frequently. The dish type uses a parabolic curved mirror to generate power by concentrating sunlight on a Stirling engine, boiler, etc., but it is quite large and requires precise sun tracking. By mounting a light reflector, the sun's position is sensed by a sun sensor, tilted according to the sun's altitude, and the azimuth angle of the sun is sensed and swiveled to achieve more precise sun tracking. As a place for installing these solar thermal power generation devices, a dry desert-like place is as close as possible to the equator, but in Japan there is no such place, and because a large land is required, It is said that super large solar power generation is unsuitable because of its high humidity because of its low heat collection effect.

However, considering recent power shortages, solar thermal energy is still an attractive energy. And from a different perspective, if it is a small solar collector such as a solar water heater that is installed on the roof of the house instead of being super large, it can be used as a new energy source that can be installed in the home with solar power generation. Is expected to have a future. In particular, solar thermal energy is said to be about three times as efficient as solar power generation.

However, conventional solar collectors such as solar water heaters are installed on the roof and can only be used in single-family homes and require a large area. Therefore, it is hoped that solar thermal energy can be used more easily in any house or on the veranda of an apartment.

Patent Publication 2011-87416 Patent Publication 2011-7459

The problem to be solved is that conventional solar collectors require a large installation area, so that conventionally, they could only be installed in limited places such as single-family roofs. For this reason, a solar collector that can be installed in a narrow space has been demanded. An object of the present invention is to provide a solar collector that can reduce the installation area that can be used even in a narrow place such as a condominium veranda or a garden yard that has not been conventionally used.

In order to solve the above problems, the invention of claim 1 comprises a trough-shaped curved mirror, a bottom reflecting mirror, a heat collecting pipe, a connecting pipe, a working fluid, a solar azimuth rotation device, a tracking frame, and a fixture. The trough-type curved mirror is provided on the tracking frame at an angle selected from an elevation angle of 0 to 90 degrees, the bottom reflecting mirror is provided at the bottom of the trough-shaped curved mirror, and the straight line of the trough-shaped curved mirror is provided. The heat collecting pipe is provided at a focal point position, the connection pipes are provided at both ends of the heat collecting pipe, the working fluid is arranged to flow through the heat collecting pipe and the connection pipe, and is perpendicular to the linear focal point. A solar heat collector, characterized in that the solar azimuth rotation device that rotates the surface forming the surface is provided, and the fitting is provided on the tracking base.

According to a second aspect of the present invention, in the solar collector according to the first aspect, the trough-shaped curved mirror is provided on the tracking base at an angle selected from the range of an elevation angle of 0 to 90 degrees. A solar altitude rotating device for tilting the mold curved mirror at an angle in the range of 0 to 90 degrees is added to the tracking frame.

According to a third aspect of the present invention, in the solar collector according to the first or second aspect, the working fluid is one selected from the group consisting of a refrigerant, water, oil, gas, and supercritical fluid. Features.

According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, in the solar collector according to any one of the first to third aspects, a solar tracking device is additionally provided, and at least one of the solar altitude rotation device and the solar azimuth angle rotation device. It is arranged to track the sun in conjunction with.

According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, in the solar collector according to any one of the second to fourth aspects, the solar altitude rotating device is provided with a hinge, a holding bar, a hole and a screw on the tracking base. It is characterized by that.

A sixth aspect of the present invention is the solar collector according to any one of the second to fifth aspects, wherein the solar altitude rotating device is screwed with a screw provided with the fixture on the tracking base. It is characterized by that.

A seventh aspect of the present invention is the solar collector according to any one of the second to sixth aspects, wherein a balancer and a screw are provided on the tracking base.

The invention according to claim 8 is the solar collector according to any one of claims 2 to 7, wherein a balancer is added to the tracking base.

In the present invention, the trough-type curved mirror is installed at a vertical angle of 0 degrees, that is, vertically, so that it can be made light and compact, so that it can be installed in a small area, and it can be used for a condominium veranda that could not be installed conventionally. Also has the advantage of being easy to install. There is also an advantage that it can be manufactured at low cost. The rotating shaft can be used not only vertically but also tilted. Moreover, since it is a trough-shaped curved mirror, the tilting with respect to the solar altitude can minimize the frequency of control, and manual solar elevation angle control is sufficient. Furthermore, since the rotation control for the sun azimuth is only necessary to track the sun from the east to the west using a solar tracking device, the general two-axis control of tilting to the sun and azimuth rotation is There is an advantage that only one-axis control of the azimuth angle rotation may be required.

It is explanatory drawing of one Example of the solar-heat collector of this invention. Example 1 It is explanatory drawing of one Example of the solar-heat collector of this invention. (Example 2) It is explanatory drawing of one Example of the solar-heat collector of this invention. (Example 3) It is explanatory drawing of one Example of the solar-heat collector of this invention. Example 4 It is explanatory drawing of one Example of the solar-heat collector of this invention. (Example 5) It is explanatory drawing of one Example of the solar-heat collector of this invention. (Example 6)

The solar collector of the present invention has achieved the purpose of being able to be installed in a narrow place such as a condominium veranda which has not been used by a conventional solar collector, easily and inexpensively with a minimum number of items.

FIG. 1 shows an embodiment of the present invention. In FIG. 1, 1 is a trough curved mirror, 2 is a bottom reflector, 3 is a heat collecting pipe, 4 is a connection pipe, 5 is a working fluid, 6 is a focal point, 7 is a tracking base, 8 is a fixture, and 9 is the sun. An azimuth rotation device, 10 is a pulley, 11 is a belt, 12 is a ball bearing, 13 is a sun tracking device, 14 is a sun sensor, 15 is an electric wire, 16 is a drive motor, and 21 is a screw. The trough-type curved mirror 1 is erected so that its linear focal point 6 is vertical, the bottom reflecting mirror 2 is provided at the bottom of the trough-shaped curved mirror 1 and provided on the tracking base 7, and the linear focal point 6 of the trough-shaped curved mirror 1 is provided. The heat collecting pipes 3 are provided at the positions, the connection pipes 4 are provided at both ends of the heat collecting pipes 3, and the working fluid 5 is arranged to flow inside the heat collecting pipes 3 and the connecting pipes 4. The sun azimuth rotation device 9 that rotates the surface forming the sun azimuth is provided, and the ball bearing 12 that constitutes the sun azimuth angle rotation device 9 is provided so that the sun azimuth rotation device 9 rotates smoothly. The solar sensor 14, the electric wire 15, and the drive motor 16 that constitute the device 13 are provided, the pulley 10 is provided on the drive motor 16, the belt 11 is provided on the pulley 10, and the solar sensor 14 senses the solar position azimuth in the east-west direction. Automatic rotation Gosuru As to device, the screws 21 of the fixture 8 is provided to the tracking mount 7 is installed in apartment veranda fence. In the present embodiment, the trough curved mirror 1 has an elevation angle of 0 degree, that is, the trough curved mirror 1 is set up vertically, and the bottom reflecting mirror 2 is provided at the bottom of the trough curved mirror 1. Minimizes footprint. In this case, although the angle at which sunlight strikes the trough-shaped curved mirror that stands vertically depends on the solar altitude, the diameter of the heat collecting pipe 3 that is installed at the linear focal point 6 as in this embodiment is thick. Therefore, regardless of which sun angle is selected, the sunlight hitting the trough curved mirror 1 forms a focal point 6 on the heat collecting pipe 3 located at the focal point 6. At this time, all the sunlight hitting the top of the trough curved mirror 1 is collected at the focal point 6, but when the sunlight hits the bottom of the trough curved mirror 1, it hits the bottom reflecting mirror 2 once. After that, the heat collecting pipe 3 hits the heat collecting pipe 3 which is the focal point 6, and the working fluid 5 flowing inside the heat collecting pipe 3 is heated. The heated working fluid 5 is caused to flow by connecting the connection pipe 4 to a solar heat utilization device, and various solar heat is utilized. The working fluid 5 is selected from among refrigerant, water, oil, gas, and supercritical fluid, and the best working fluid 5 is selected and used by solar thermal equipment. For example, when a solar-use device is used only as a solar water heater, water is used as a working fluid. If you want to connect solar heat to a heat storage device and use it at night, use oil as the working fluid 5 to collect and absorb solar heat and store it in the heat storage device, and then heat exchange with water in the heat exchanger at night. The steam generator can be operated to generate power by operating the turbine generator at night, and the steam can be returned to the water with a water cover to flow into the water heater. Furthermore, hot water can be used all day long by connecting a heat storage device and a heat pump using a refrigerant as the working fluid 5. And of course, even if the trough curved mirror 1 is not vertical as in the present embodiment, the trough curved mirror 1 is attached to the tracking base 7 at an angle selected from the range of elevation angles from 0 degrees to 90 degrees. Form may be sufficient. Since an optimal installation angle can be considered depending on the installation area, it is preferable to use an installation angle suitable for the area. Thereby, it becomes possible to absorb solar heat most efficiently. The sun tracking device 13 includes a sun sensor 14, an electric wire 15, and a drive motor 16. The sun sensor 14 senses the solar azimuth until the sun rises from the east and falls west, and the drive motor 16 is connected via the electric wire 15. The drive motor 16 functions to keep the trough curved mirror 1 automatically pointing at the sun.

FIG. 2 shows an embodiment of the present invention. 2, 1 to 16 and 21 are the same as those in FIG. 17 is a solar altitude rotating device, 18 is a hinge, 19 is a holding rod, 21 is a screw, and 22 is a hole. FIG. 2 shows the embodiment of FIG. 1 in which the trough-type curved mirror 1 has an elevation angle of 0 degree, that is, the trough-type curved mirror 1 is vertically raised, and the bottom reflector 2 is provided at the bottom of the trough-type curved mirror 1. In this embodiment, a solar altitude rotating device 17 for tilting the trough curved curved mirror 1 in accordance with the solar altitude from an elevation angle of 0 to 90 degrees is provided. The solar altitude rotating device 17 is composed of a hole 22, a screw 21, a hinge 18, and a holding rod 19, and the upper part of each of the fixture 8 and the tracking base 7 is hinged by the hinge 18, and further, the lower part of the tracking base 7 is held. A rod 19 is hinged with a hinge 18, the holding rod 19 is passed through a hole 22 formed in the lower part of the fixture 8, and is fixed with a screw 21. In Japan, the solar altitude is higher than 70 degrees in summer and about 30 degrees in winter. The solar altitude rotating device 17 that tilts the solar collector of this embodiment according to the solar altitude is manually set at an appropriate angle. This operation method is very simple, and it is only necessary to loosen the screw 21 at the bottom of the fixture 8 in FIG. 2 and move the holding rod 19 passed through the hole 22 and then tighten the screw 21 again. In the present invention, since the trough-shaped curved mirror 1 is arranged vertically, even if the solar altitude changes, there is no large heat loss in the solar heat collecting ability, but the solar heat collecting efficiency is further increased by the above operation. . However, this operation does not need to be performed frequently, and may be performed once every few days or weeks.

FIG. 3 shows an embodiment of the present invention. 3, it is the same as 1-19, 21, and 22 of FIG. A hinge 18, a holding bar 19, a screw 21, and a hole 22 are attached at different positions. The holding bar 19 and the upper part of the tracking base 7 are hinged by a hinge 18, and the attachment 8 and the center part of the tracking base 7 are hinged 18. And is fixed with screws 21 through a holding bar 19 in a hole 22 formed in a part of the fixture 8. In the present embodiment, there is an advantage that the operation is easy, and when the present embodiment is arranged on the veranda, the operation can be performed at hand without squatting.

FIG. 4 shows an embodiment of the present invention. 4, 1 to 17 and 21 are the same as those in FIG. 20 is a balancer. 4 takes the upper and lower fixtures 8 of the tracking base 7 of FIG. 1, and instead of the solar altitude rotation device 17, a screw 21 is attached to the center of the tracking base 7 to make it freely rotatable, and the fixture 8 is provided. It is a thing. This embodiment can be easily corrected and stopped at an appropriate position according to the solar altitude as in FIG. 3, and can be stabilized by turning the balancer 20 through the screw 21 and moving it. There is an advantage that an excessive force is not applied to the tool 8. In the case of the present embodiment, the operation can be easily performed if the present embodiment is installed on a veranda or the like.

FIG. 5 shows an embodiment of the present invention. In FIG. 5, this is the same as 1 to 17, 20, and 21 in FIG. 4. Compared with FIG. 4, FIG. 5 is provided with a solar altitude rotating device 17 on the tracking platform 7 in place of the screw 21 at the center of the tracking platform 7. Further, the solar altitude rotating device 17 is provided with a solar tracking device 13 including a sun sensor 14, an electric wire 15, and a drive motor 16, and arranged so as to drive the solar altitude rotating device 17, but the sun azimuth angle It arrange | positions so that the sun sensor 14 currently used with the rotation apparatus can be shared and used. When the apparatus is arranged as in the present embodiment, it is possible to automatically control solar tracking even for solar altitudes that are not considered in FIGS.

FIG. 6 shows an embodiment of the present invention. In FIG. 5, 1-16 and 21 are the same as those in FIG. 18 is a hinge and 23 is a clamp. In this embodiment, a clamp 23 that can be attached to a structure such as a fence, a vertical pole placed on a garden, a veranda, or the like is provided as the fixture 8. According to this embodiment, this embodiment can be installed and used very simply.

The solar heat collector of the present invention can be applied to applications such as power generation and hot water supply at the time of a disaster or in a camp because it has a smaller installation area than a trough type solar heat collector that conventionally required a large installation area.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Trough-shaped curved mirror 2 Bottom part reflecting mirror 3 Heat collecting pipe 4 Connection pipe 5 Working fluid 6 Focus 7 Tracking stand 8 Attachment 9 Solar azimuth rotation device 10 Pulley 11 Belt 12 Ball bearing 13 Solar tracking device 14 Solar sensor 15 Electric wire 16 Drive motor 17 Solar altitude rotation device 18 Hinge 19 Holding rod 20 Balancer 21 Screw 22 Hole
23 Clamp

Claims (7)

It consists of a trough-type curved mirror, bottom reflecting mirror, heat collecting pipe, connecting pipe, working fluid, solar azimuth rotation device, tracking stand, and fixture, and the trough-type curved mirror has an elevation angle in the range of 0 to 90 degrees Provided at the tracking base at an angle selected from the above, the bottom reflecting mirror is provided at the bottom of the trough-shaped curved mirror, the heat collecting pipe is provided at the linear focal position of the trough-shaped curved mirror, and the heat collecting pipe Provided with the connection pipes at both ends, respectively, arranged to flow the working fluid through the heat collecting pipe and the connection pipe, and provided with the solar azimuth rotation device for rotating a plane perpendicular to the linear focal point The solar collector according to claim 1, wherein the fitting is provided on the tracking base. 2. The solar collector according to claim 1, wherein the trough-shaped curved mirror is provided at the tracking base at an angle selected from a range of elevation angles of 0 to 90 degrees, and the trough-shaped curved mirror is disposed at an elevation angle of 0 degrees. A solar heat collector characterized in that a solar altitude rotating device for tilting at an angle within a range of 90 degrees is provided on the tracking frame. The solar collector according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the working fluid is one selected from the group consisting of a refrigerant, water, oil, gas, and supercritical fluid. The solar collector according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein a solar tracking device is additionally provided to track the sun in conjunction with at least one of a solar altitude rotating device and the solar azimuth rotating device. Solar collector characterized by the arrangement. The solar collector according to any one of claims 2 to 4, wherein the solar altitude rotating device is provided with a hinge, a holding rod, a hole and a screw on the tracking base. . The solar collector according to any one of claims 2 to 5, wherein the solar altitude rotating device is screwed to the tracking base with a screw provided with the fixture. . The solar collector according to any one of claims 2 to 6, wherein a balancer and a screw are added to the tracking base.