JP2013051174A - Photoelectric cell and porous semiconductor film forming paint for photoelectric cell - Google Patents
Photoelectric cell and porous semiconductor film forming paint for photoelectric cell Download PDFInfo
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- JP2013051174A JP2013051174A JP2011189472A JP2011189472A JP2013051174A JP 2013051174 A JP2013051174 A JP 2013051174A JP 2011189472 A JP2011189472 A JP 2011189472A JP 2011189472 A JP2011189472 A JP 2011189472A JP 2013051174 A JP2013051174 A JP 2013051174A
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- Prior art keywords
- semiconductor film
- titanium oxide
- metal oxide
- oxide semiconductor
- porous metal
- Prior art date
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- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 172
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
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- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 162
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 151
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 151
- 125000000962 organic group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 144
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 118
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 62
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 125000002252 acyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 125000003435 aroyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 150000007942 carboxylates Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 44
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 43
- 239000003504 photosensitizing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 43
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000002612 dispersion medium Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 38
- 208000017983 photosensitivity disease Diseases 0.000 abstract 1
- 231100000434 photosensitization Toxicity 0.000 abstract 1
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- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 68
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 52
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- 229910010413 TiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 37
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- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 25
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- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 21
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 21
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 20
- XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin dioxide Chemical compound O=[Sn]=O XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
- 229910001887 tin oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 20
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- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 description 13
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- WGTYBPLFGIVFAS-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetramethylammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].C[N+](C)(C)C WGTYBPLFGIVFAS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
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- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000001723 curing Methods 0.000 description 5
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- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
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- -1 titanium salt compound Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- XJDNKRIXUMDJCW-UHFFFAOYSA-J titanium tetrachloride Chemical compound Cl[Ti](Cl)(Cl)Cl XJDNKRIXUMDJCW-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 5
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- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propanedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene glycol Chemical compound CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- DKGAVHZHDRPRBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tert-Butanol Chemical compound CC(C)(C)O DKGAVHZHDRPRBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000002777 acetyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)=O 0.000 description 3
- WUOACPNHFRMFPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-terpineol Chemical compound CC1=CCC(C(C)(C)O)CC1 WUOACPNHFRMFPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- SQIFACVGCPWBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N delta-terpineol Natural products CC(C)(O)C1CCC(=C)CC1 SQIFACVGCPWBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- 150000003608 titanium Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 3
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- PYWVYCXTNDRMGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodamine B Chemical compound [Cl-].C=12C=CC(=[N+](CC)CC)C=C2OC2=CC(N(CC)CC)=CC=C2C=1C1=CC=CC=C1C(O)=O PYWVYCXTNDRMGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- GKXDJYKZFZVASJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetrapropylazanium;iodide Chemical compound [I-].CCC[N+](CCC)(CCC)CCC GKXDJYKZFZVASJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000005979 thermal decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/542—Dye sensitized solar cells
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Abstract
Description
本発明は、使用開始当初から高い光電変換効率を発現する光電気セルおよび該光電気セル用多孔質半導体膜形成用塗料に関する。
さらに詳しくは、使用開始当初から高い光電変換効率を発現するともに長期にわたって高い光電変換効率を維持することが可能な光電気セルおよび該光電気セル用多孔質半導体膜形成用塗料に関する。
The present invention relates to a photoelectric cell that exhibits high photoelectric conversion efficiency from the beginning of use and a coating material for forming a porous semiconductor film for the photoelectric cell.
More specifically, the present invention relates to a photoelectric cell capable of expressing high photoelectric conversion efficiency from the beginning of use and maintaining high photoelectric conversion efficiency over a long period of time, and a porous semiconductor film forming coating material for the photoelectric cell.
高バンドギャップを有する金属酸化物半導体材料が光電変換材料、光触媒材料等の他光センサーや蓄電材料（バッテリー）等に用いられている。
このうち、光電変換材料は光エネルギーを電気エネルギーとして連続して取り出せる材料であり、電極間の電気化学反応を利用して光エネルギーを電気エネルギーに変換する材料である。このような光電変換材料に光を照射すると、一方の電極側で電子が発生し、対電極に移動し、対電極に移動した電子は、電解質中をイオンとして移動して一方の電極に戻る。このエネルギー変換は連続であるため、たとえば、太陽電池などに利用されている。
Metal oxide semiconductor materials having a high band gap are used for other optical sensors such as photoelectric conversion materials and photocatalyst materials, power storage materials (batteries), and the like.
Among these, the photoelectric conversion material is a material that can continuously extract light energy as electric energy, and is a material that converts light energy into electric energy using an electrochemical reaction between electrodes. When such a photoelectric conversion material is irradiated with light, electrons are generated on one electrode side, move to the counter electrode, and the electrons moved to the counter electrode move as ions in the electrolyte and return to the one electrode. Since this energy conversion is continuous, it is used, for example, for solar cells.
一般的な太陽電池は、先ず透明性導電膜を形成したガラス板などの支持体上に光電変換材料用半導体の膜を形成して電極とし、次に、対電極として別の透明性導電膜を形成したガラス板などの支持体を備え、これらの電極間に電解質を封入して構成されている。 In general solar cells, a semiconductor film for a photoelectric conversion material is first formed on a support such as a glass plate on which a transparent conductive film is formed, and then another transparent conductive film is used as a counter electrode. A support such as a formed glass plate is provided, and an electrolyte is sealed between these electrodes.
光電変換材料用半導体に吸着した光増感材に例えば太陽光を照射すると、光増感材は可視領域の光を吸収して励起する。この励起によって発生する電子は半導体に移動し、次いで、透明導電性ガラス電極に移動し、２つの電極を接続する導線を通って対電極に移動し、対電極に移動した電子は電解質中の酸化還元系を還元する。一方、半導体に電子を移動させた光増感材は、酸化体の状態になっているが、この酸化体は電解質中の酸化還元系によって還元され、元の状態に戻る。このようにして電子が連続的に流れ、光電変換材料は太陽電池として機能する。 When the photosensitizer adsorbed on the photoelectric conversion material semiconductor is irradiated with, for example, sunlight, the photosensitizer absorbs light in the visible region and is excited. The electrons generated by this excitation move to the semiconductor, then move to the transparent conductive glass electrode, move to the counter electrode through the conducting wire connecting the two electrodes, and the electrons transferred to the counter electrode are oxidized in the electrolyte. Reduce the reduction system. On the other hand, the photosensitizer that has moved electrons to the semiconductor is in an oxidant state, but this oxidant is reduced by the redox system in the electrolyte and returns to its original state. In this way, electrons flow continuously, and the photoelectric conversion material functions as a solar cell.
この光電変換材料としては、半導体表面に可視光領域に吸収を持つ分光増感色素を吸着させたものが用いられている。たとえば、特開平１−２２０３８０号公報（特許文献１）には、金属酸化物半導体の表面に、ルテニウム錯体などの遷移金属錯体からなる分光増感色素層を有する太陽電池が記載されている。また、特表平５−５０４０２３号公報（特許文献２）には、金属イオンでドープした酸化チタン半導体層の表面に、ルテニウム錯体などの遷移金属錯体からなる分光増感色素層を有する太陽電池が記載されている。 As this photoelectric conversion material, a material obtained by adsorbing a spectral sensitizing dye having absorption in the visible light region on the semiconductor surface is used. For example, JP-A-1-220380 (Patent Document 1) describes a solar cell having a spectral sensitizing dye layer made of a transition metal complex such as a ruthenium complex on the surface of a metal oxide semiconductor. Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 5-504023 (Patent Document 2) discloses a solar cell having a spectral sensitizing dye layer made of a transition metal complex such as a ruthenium complex on the surface of a titanium oxide semiconductor layer doped with metal ions. Have been described.
しかしながら、従来の太陽電池では、使用開始時の光電変換効率が低く、所定の光電変換効率に達するまでに長時間を要し、このため、製品は直ちに使用することができず、所定の光電変換効率に達するまで稼働させ、性能を確認後出荷されていた。 However, in conventional solar cells, the photoelectric conversion efficiency at the start of use is low, and it takes a long time to reach the predetermined photoelectric conversion efficiency. Therefore, the product cannot be used immediately, and the predetermined photoelectric conversion is not possible. It was operated until efficiency was reached and shipped after confirming performance.
上記問題点に鑑み、本発明者等は鋭意検討した結果、多孔質金属酸化物半導体膜と吸着させる光増感色素との親和性を高めれば、これらの問題点が解決できると考えた。そして、構成する酸化チタン粒子がアセチル基などの官能基を含んでいると稼働開始当初からほぼ所定の光電変換効率を達成できることを見出して本発明を完成するに至った。 In view of the above-mentioned problems, the present inventors have conducted intensive studies and have found that these problems can be solved if the affinity between the porous metal oxide semiconductor film and the photosensitizing dye to be adsorbed is increased. And when the titanium oxide particle to comprise contains functional groups, such as an acetyl group, it discovered that it could achieve substantially predetermined photoelectric conversion efficiency from the beginning of operation, and came to complete this invention.
本発明の要旨は以下のとおりである。
[1]表面に電極層(1)を有し、かつ該電極層(1)表面に光増感材を吸着した多孔質金属酸化物半導体膜(1)が形成されてなる基板(1)と、表面に電極層(2)を有する基板(2)とが、
前記電極層(1)および電極層(2)が対向するように配置してなり、
多孔質金属酸化物半導体膜(1)と電極層(2)との間に電解質層を設けてなる光電気セルにおいて、
多孔質金属酸化物半導体膜(1)が、有機基含有酸化チタン粒子を含んでなり、
該有機基がアシル基、アロイル基、アルコキシ基、カルボキシレート基からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも１種であることを特徴とする光電気セル。
[2]前記有機基含有酸化チタン粒子の有機基の含有量が炭素換算で５０〜２０００重量ｐｐｍの範囲にある[1]の光電気セル。
[3]前記有機基含有酸化チタン粒子の平均粒子径が５〜３０００ｎｍの範囲にある[1]または[2]の光電気セル。
The gist of the present invention is as follows.
[1] a substrate (1) having an electrode layer (1) on the surface and a porous metal oxide semiconductor film (1) having a photosensitizer adsorbed on the surface of the electrode layer (1); A substrate (2) having an electrode layer (2) on the surface,
The electrode layer (1) and the electrode layer (2) are arranged so as to face each other,
In the photoelectric cell comprising an electrolyte layer between the porous metal oxide semiconductor film (1) and the electrode layer (2),
The porous metal oxide semiconductor film (1) comprises organic group-containing titanium oxide particles,
The photoelectric cell, wherein the organic group is at least one selected from the group consisting of an acyl group, an aroyl group, an alkoxy group, and a carboxylate group.
[2] The photoelectric cell according to [1], wherein the organic group content of the organic group-containing titanium oxide particles is in the range of 50 to 2000 ppm by weight in terms of carbon.
[3] The photoelectric cell according to [1] or [2], wherein the organic group-containing titanium oxide particles have an average particle diameter in the range of 5 to 3000 nm.
[4]アシル基、アロイル基、アルコキシ基、カルボキシレート基からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも１種の有機基含有酸化チタン粒子と、分散媒とからなることを特徴とする光電気セル用多孔質金属酸化物半導体膜形成用塗料。
[5]前記有機基含有酸化チタン粒子の有機基の含有量が炭素換算で５０〜２０００重量ｐｐｍの範囲にある[4]に記載の光電気セル。
[6]前記有機基含有酸化チタン粒子の平均粒子径が５〜３０００ｎｍの範囲にある[4]または[5]の光電気セル用多孔質金属酸化物半導体膜形成用塗料。
[4] Porous metal for photoelectric cell, comprising at least one organic group-containing titanium oxide particle selected from the group consisting of acyl group, aroyl group, alkoxy group, and carboxylate group, and a dispersion medium A coating for forming an oxide semiconductor film.
[5] The photoelectric cell according to [4], wherein the organic group content of the organic group-containing titanium oxide particles is in the range of 50 to 2000 ppm by weight in terms of carbon.
[6] The coating material for forming a porous metal oxide semiconductor film for photoelectric cells according to [4] or [5], wherein the organic group-containing titanium oxide particles have an average particle size in the range of 5 to 3000 nm.
本発明によれば、多孔質金属酸化物半導体膜を構成する酸化チタン粒子が特定の有機基を含んでいるので稼働開始当初からほぼ所定の高い光電変換効率が得られる光電気セルおよび該光電気セル用多孔質半導体膜形成用塗料を提供することができる。このため、製品は直ちに使用することが可能であり、出荷における性能確認も容易となり、出荷までの時間を著しく短縮できる。 According to the present invention, since the titanium oxide particles constituting the porous metal oxide semiconductor film contain a specific organic group, a photoelectric cell capable of obtaining almost a predetermined high photoelectric conversion efficiency from the beginning of operation, and the photoelectric A coating material for forming a porous semiconductor film for a cell can be provided. For this reason, the product can be used immediately, the performance confirmation at the time of shipment becomes easy, and the time until shipment can be remarkably shortened.
１・・・・・電極層(1)
２・・・・・半導体膜(1)
３・・・・・電極層(2)
４・・・・・電解質層(2)
５・・・・・基板(1)
６・・・・・基板(2)
1. Electrode layer (1)
2 ... Semiconductor film (1)
3. Electrode layer (2)
4 ... Electrolyte layer (2)
5 ... Board (1)
6 ... Board (2)
以下、先ず、本発明に係る光電気セルについて具体的に説明する。
[光電気セル]
本発明に係る光電気セルは、表面に電極層(1)を有し、かつ該電極層(1)表面に光増感材を吸着した多孔質金属酸化物半導体膜(1)が形成されてなる基板(1)と、
表面に電極層(2)を有する基板(2)とが、
前記電極層(1)および電極層(2)が対向するように配置してなり、
多孔質金属酸化物半導体膜(1)と電極層(2)との間に電解質層を設けてなる。
Hereinafter, first, the photoelectric cell according to the present invention will be described in detail.
[Photoelectric cell]
The photoelectric cell according to the present invention has an electrode layer (1) on the surface and a porous metal oxide semiconductor film (1) adsorbing a photosensitizer on the surface of the electrode layer (1). A substrate (1)
A substrate (2) having an electrode layer (2) on the surface,
The electrode layer (1) and the electrode layer (2) are arranged so as to face each other,
An electrolyte layer is provided between the porous metal oxide semiconductor film (1) and the electrode layer (2).
本発明によって得られる光電気セルとしては、たとえば、図１に示すものが挙げられる。
図１は、本発明によって得られる光電気セルの１例を示す概略断面図であり、表面に電極層(1)を有し、必要に応じて該電極層(1)上に酸化チタン薄膜(1)を有し、電極層(1)上、あるいは酸化チタン薄膜(1)上に光増感材を吸着した多孔質金属酸化物半導体膜(1)が形成されてなる基板(1)と、表面に電極層(2)を有する基板(2)とが、前記電極層(1)および電極層(2)が対向するように配置してなり、多孔質金属酸化物半導体膜(1)と電極層(2)との間に電解質が封入されている。
As a photoelectric cell obtained by the present invention, for example, the one shown in FIG.
FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an example of a photoelectric cell obtained by the present invention, which has an electrode layer (1) on the surface, and a titanium oxide thin film (on the electrode layer (1) if necessary). A substrate (1) having a porous metal oxide semiconductor film (1) formed by adsorbing a photosensitizer on an electrode layer (1) or a titanium oxide thin film (1), The substrate (2) having the electrode layer (2) on the surface is disposed so that the electrode layer (1) and the electrode layer (2) face each other, and the porous metal oxide semiconductor film (1) and the electrode An electrolyte is enclosed between the layer (2).
図１中、１は電極層(1)、２は半導体膜(1)、３は電極層(2)、４は電解質層(2)、５は基板(1)、６は基板(2)を示す。
なお、本発明によって得られる光電気セルは図示した光電気セルに限定されるものではなく、半導体膜を２層以上有し、この間に別の電極層および電解質層を設けた光電気セルであってもよい。
In FIG. 1, 1 is an electrode layer (1), 2 is a semiconductor film (1), 3 is an electrode layer (2), 4 is an electrolyte layer (2), 5 is a substrate (1), and 6 is a substrate (2). Show.
The photoelectric cell obtained by the present invention is not limited to the illustrated photoelectric cell, and is a photoelectric cell having two or more semiconductor films and another electrode layer and electrolyte layer interposed therebetween. May be.
基板
一方の基板としてはガラス基板、ＰＥＴ等の有機ポリマー基板等の透明でかつ絶縁性を有する基板を用いることができる。
As the one substrate, a transparent and insulating substrate such as a glass substrate or an organic polymer substrate such as PET can be used.
他の一方の基板としては使用に耐える強度を有していれば特に制限はなく、ガラス基板、ＰＥＴ等の有機ポリマー基板等の絶縁性基板の他に、金属チタン、金属アルミニウム、金属銅、金属ニッケルなどの導電性基板を使用することができる。 The other substrate is not particularly limited as long as it has enough strength to withstand use. In addition to insulating substrates such as glass substrates and organic polymer substrates such as PET, metal titanium, metal aluminum, metal copper, metal A conductive substrate such as nickel can be used.
また、基板は少なくとも一方が透明であればよい。また双方の基板が透明であってもよい。通常、光の入射側に透明な基板を用いる。
電極層
基板表面に形成された電極層としては、特に制限されるものでなく、白金、ロジウム、ルテニウム金属、ルテニウム酸化物等の電極材料、酸化錫、Ｓｂ、ＦまたはＰがドーピングされた酸化錫、Ｓｎおよび／またはＦがドーピングされた酸化インジウム、酸化アンチモン、酸化亜鉛などの導電性酸化材料からなる電極や、前記導電性材料表面をメッキあるいは蒸着した電極、カーボン電極など従来公知の電極を用いることができる。
Further, it is sufficient that at least one of the substrates is transparent. Further, both substrates may be transparent. Usually, a transparent substrate is used on the light incident side.
The electrode layer formed on the surface of the electrode layer substrate is not particularly limited, and electrode materials such as platinum, rhodium, ruthenium metal and ruthenium oxide, tin oxide, tin oxide doped with Sb, F or P Conventionally known electrodes such as an electrode made of a conductive oxide material such as indium oxide, antimony oxide, and zinc oxide doped with Sn, / and F, an electrode obtained by plating or vapor-depositing the surface of the conductive material, and a carbon electrode are used. be able to.
なお光の入射側の透明基板表面には透明電極層を形成し、該透明電極層は、上記の導電材料のうち、酸化錫、Ｓｂ、ＦまたはＰがドーピングされた酸化錫、Ｓｎおよび／またはＦがドーピングされた酸化インジウム、酸化アンチモン、酸化亜鉛、白金、ロジウム、ルテニウム金属などの貴金属などの電極を使用することができる。 A transparent electrode layer is formed on the transparent substrate surface on the light incident side, and the transparent electrode layer is tin oxide, Sn and / or doped with tin oxide, Sb, F or P among the above conductive materials. Electrodes such as noble metals such as indium oxide, antimony oxide, zinc oxide, platinum, rhodium, and ruthenium metal doped with F can be used.
このような電極層は、基板上に直接コーティング、メッキあるいは蒸着させて、導電性材料を熱分解法、ＣＤＶ法等の従来公知の方法により導電層を形成した後、必要に応じて、該導電層上に前記電極材料をメッキあるいは蒸着するなど従来公知の方法により形成することができる。 Such an electrode layer is formed by coating, plating, or vapor-depositing directly on a substrate to form a conductive layer by a conventionally known method such as a thermal decomposition method or a CDV method, and then, if necessary, the conductive layer. The electrode material can be formed on the layer by a conventionally known method such as plating or vapor deposition.
なお、２つの基板は、双方とも透明基板であってもよく、また基板上に形成される電極層は、双方とも透明電極であってもよい。さらに、２つの基板は同じものであってもよく、電極層も同じものであってもよい。なお通常、光の入射側に透明電極を設ける。 The two substrates may both be transparent substrates, and the electrode layers formed on the substrates may both be transparent electrodes. Further, the two substrates may be the same, and the electrode layers may be the same. Normally, a transparent electrode is provided on the light incident side.
透明電極層の可視光透過率は高い方が好ましく、具体的には５０％以上、特に好ましくは９０％以上であることが望ましい。可視光透過率が低ければ光が透過しにくくなり光電変換効率が低くなることがある。 The visible light transmittance of the transparent electrode layer is preferably higher, specifically 50% or more, particularly preferably 90% or more. If the visible light transmittance is low, light is difficult to transmit and the photoelectric conversion efficiency may be lowered.
電極層自体の抵抗値は、各々１００Ω／ｃｍ2以下であることが好ましい。電極層の抵抗値が１００Ω／ｃｍ2を超えて高くなると光電変換効率が低くなることがある。
酸化チタン薄膜
本発明において、必要に応じて電極層(1)ないし(2)上に酸化チタン薄膜を形成していていもよい。酸化チタン薄膜はペルオキシチタン酸水溶液あるいはチタン塩水溶液等を塗布、乾燥するなど従来公知の方法で形成することができ、緻密な膜である。
The resistance value of the electrode layer itself is preferably 100 Ω / cm 2 or less. When the resistance value of the electrode layer exceeds 100 Ω / cm 2 , the photoelectric conversion efficiency may be lowered.
Titanium oxide thin film In the present invention, a titanium oxide thin film may be formed on the electrode layers (1) or (2) as necessary. The titanium oxide thin film can be formed by a conventionally known method such as coating and drying a peroxytitanic acid aqueous solution or a titanium salt aqueous solution, and is a dense film.
なお、スパッタリングなどの方法でも、緻密な酸化チタン薄膜を得ることは可能であるが、緻密すぎて電子の移動を阻害したり、後に形成する多孔質金属酸化物半導体膜との密着性が不充分となることがある。 It is possible to obtain a dense titanium oxide thin film even by a method such as sputtering, but it is too dense to inhibit the movement of electrons or has insufficient adhesion to a porous metal oxide semiconductor film to be formed later. It may become.
酸化チタン薄膜は、電極層のどちらかの上に形成されていればよく、透明電極層の上でも、透明でない電極層の上に形成されていてもよい。
酸化チタン薄膜が形成されていると暗電流の抑制、電子の再結合の抑制をすることができ光電変換効率を向上させることができる。
The titanium oxide thin film should just be formed on either of the electrode layers, and may be formed on the transparent electrode layer or the non-transparent electrode layer.
When the titanium oxide thin film is formed, the dark current can be suppressed and the recombination of electrons can be suppressed, and the photoelectric conversion efficiency can be improved.
酸化チタン薄膜は膜厚が７０ｎｍ以下、さらには４０ｎｍ以下の範囲にあることが好ましい。酸化チタン薄膜の膜厚が厚すぎると、エネルギー障壁が大きくなりすぎて電子の移動が抑制され、逆に光電変換効率が低下することがある。 The titanium oxide thin film preferably has a thickness in the range of 70 nm or less, more preferably 40 nm or less. If the titanium oxide thin film is too thick, the energy barrier becomes too large and the movement of electrons is suppressed, and conversely, the photoelectric conversion efficiency may decrease.
このような酸化チタン薄膜は、電極層上にペルオキシチタン酸水溶液、あるいは四塩化チタン等のチタン塩化合物の水溶液を、(A)スピンコート法、(B)ディップコート法、(C)フレキソ印刷法、(D)ロールコーター法、(E)電気泳動法から選ばれる１種以上の方法で塗布し、乾燥し、硬化させることにより形成することができる。 Such a titanium oxide thin film is obtained by applying a peroxytitanic acid aqueous solution or an aqueous solution of a titanium salt compound such as titanium tetrachloride on the electrode layer, (A) spin coating method, (B) dip coating method, (C) flexographic printing method. It can be formed by coating, drying and curing by one or more methods selected from (D) roll coater method and (E) electrophoresis method.
酸化チタン薄膜の形成に用いるペルオキシチタン酸水溶液あるいはチタン塩化合物水溶液の濃度はＴiＯ2として０．１〜２．０重量％、さらには０．３〜１．０重量％の範囲にあることが好ましい。水溶液の濃度が薄いと、所望の膜厚の酸化チタン薄膜が得られないことがあり、繰返し塗布、乾燥を行う必要が生じる。水溶液の濃度が高いと、乾燥時にクラックが生じたり、緻密な膜を形成できないことがあり、暗電流の抑制、電子の再結合の抑制効果が得られないことがある。 The concentration of the peroxytitanic acid aqueous solution or the titanium salt compound aqueous solution used for forming the titanium oxide thin film is preferably 0.1 to 2.0% by weight, more preferably 0.3 to 1.0% by weight as TiO 2. . When the concentration of the aqueous solution is low, a titanium oxide thin film having a desired film thickness may not be obtained, and it is necessary to repeatedly apply and dry. If the concentration of the aqueous solution is high, cracks may occur during drying, or a dense film may not be formed, and the effect of suppressing dark current and recombination of electrons may not be obtained.
また、ペルオキシチタン酸水溶液あるいはチタン塩化合物水溶液は増粘剤を含んでいてもよく、増粘剤としてはエチレングリコール、ポリエチレングリコール、ポリビニルピロリドン、ヒドロキシプロピルセルロース、ポリアクリル酸、エチルセルロース、ポリビニルアルコール、メタノール、エタノール、イソプロピルアルコール、ノルマルブタノール、ターシャリーブタノール等が含まれていてもよい。このような増粘剤が含まれていると、水溶液の粘度が高くなり、これにより均一に塗布することができ、クラックのない均一な膜厚の酸化チタン薄膜が得られ、下層の電極層との密着性の高い酸化チタン薄膜を得ることができる。 Further, the peroxytitanic acid aqueous solution or the titanium salt compound aqueous solution may contain a thickener, and examples of the thickener include ethylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, hydroxypropyl cellulose, polyacrylic acid, ethyl cellulose, polyvinyl alcohol, and methanol. , Ethanol, isopropyl alcohol, normal butanol, tertiary butanol and the like may be contained. When such a thickener is contained, the viscosity of the aqueous solution is increased, whereby it can be applied uniformly, and a titanium oxide thin film having a uniform thickness without cracks can be obtained. A titanium oxide thin film with high adhesion can be obtained.
乾燥処理のみでも硬化するが、さらに必要に応じて紫外線を照射し、ついで加熱処理によってアニーリングすることもできる。
多孔質金属酸化物半導体膜
前記電極層上に多孔質金属酸化物半導体膜が形成されている。この多孔質金属酸化物半導体膜の膜厚は０．１〜５０μｍの範囲にあることが好ましい。
Although it hardens | cures only by a drying process, it can also irradiate with an ultraviolet-ray as needed and can also anneal by heat processing.
Porous metal oxide semiconductor film A porous metal oxide semiconductor film is formed on the electrode layer. The thickness of the porous metal oxide semiconductor film is preferably in the range of 0.1 to 50 μm.
本発明に係る多孔質金属酸化物半導体膜の細孔容積は０．１０〜０．８０ｍｌ／ｇ、さらには０．２０〜０．６５ｍｌ／ｇの範囲にあることが好ましい。細孔容積が小さいと、増感色素の吸着が不十分となったり、電解質の拡散性が低下してバックカレントを引き起こすことがあり、変換効率が不充分となることがある。また細孔容積が大きすぎても金属酸化物半導体膜の強度が不充分となることがある。通常、本発明に係る半導体膜は、５〜50nm程度の細孔を有し、かかる細孔に、光増感材を吸着している。 The pore volume of the porous metal oxide semiconductor film according to the present invention is preferably in the range of 0.10 to 0.80 ml / g, more preferably 0.20 to 0.65 ml / g. When the pore volume is small, the adsorption of the sensitizing dye may be insufficient, or the diffusibility of the electrolyte may be lowered to cause back current, resulting in insufficient conversion efficiency. Further, even if the pore volume is too large, the strength of the metal oxide semiconductor film may be insufficient. Usually, the semiconductor film according to the present invention has pores of about 5 to 50 nm, and a photosensitizer is adsorbed in these pores.
このような多孔質金属酸化物半導体膜の製造方法は、前記した有機基含有酸化チタン粒子を含む多孔質金属酸化物半導体膜形成用塗布液を用いる以外は、本願出願人の出願による特開平１１−３３９８６７号公報に開示した金属酸化物半導体膜の製造方法は好適に準用することができる。 Such a method for producing a porous metal oxide semiconductor film is disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 11-1993, filed by the applicant of the present application, except that the coating liquid for forming a porous metal oxide semiconductor film containing organic group-containing titanium oxide particles is used. The method for producing a metal oxide semiconductor film disclosed in Japanese Patent No. -339867 can be suitably applied.
好ましくは後述する本発明に係る光電気セル用多孔質金属酸化物半導体膜形成用塗料を電極層上、または必要に応じて形成した酸化チタン薄膜上に塗布し、乾燥した後、紫外線照射により硬化、あるいは加熱硬化させて形成することができる。 Preferably, a coating for forming a porous metal oxide semiconductor film for a photoelectric cell according to the present invention, which will be described later, is applied on an electrode layer or a titanium oxide thin film formed as necessary, dried, and then cured by ultraviolet irradiation. Alternatively, it can be formed by heat curing.
多孔質金属酸化物半導体膜の金属酸化物としては、酸化チタン、酸化亜鉛、酸化錫等従来公知の金属酸化物を使用することができる。本発明では、これら金属酸化物の微粒子が用いられる。
（有機基含有酸化チタン粒子）
本発明の多孔質金属酸化物半導体膜には、有機基含有酸化チタン粒子が含まれる。該有機基がアシル基、アロイル基、アルコキシ基、カルボキシレート基からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも１種であることが好ましい。
As the metal oxide of the porous metal oxide semiconductor film, conventionally known metal oxides such as titanium oxide, zinc oxide, and tin oxide can be used. In the present invention, fine particles of these metal oxides are used.
(Organic group-containing titanium oxide particles)
The porous metal oxide semiconductor film of the present invention contains organic group-containing titanium oxide particles. The organic group is preferably at least one selected from the group consisting of an acyl group, an aroyl group, an alkoxy group, and a carboxylate group.
アシル基はＲＣＯ−（Ｒは炭素数１〜１０の炭化水素基）で表され、アセチル基（ＣＨ3ＣＯ−）、Ｃ2Ｈ5ＣＯ−、Ｃ3Ｈ7ＣＯ−等が挙げられる。
アロイル基はＡｒＣＯ−（Ａｒは芳香族炭化水素基）で表されるが、Ｃ6Ｈ5ＣＯ−等が挙げられる。）
カルボキシレート基は上記アシル基（ＲＣＯ−）、アロイル基（ＡｒＣＯ−）がさらに酸素原子を含むＲＣＯＯ−（アシルオキシ基）、ＡｒＣＯＯ−（アロイルオキシ基）で表される有機基が挙げられる。
Acyl group is represented by RCO- (R is a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms), an acetyl group (CH 3 CO -), C 2 H 5 CO-, include C 3 H 7 CO- like.
The aroyl group is represented by ArCO— (Ar is an aromatic hydrocarbon group), and examples thereof include C 6 H 5 CO—. )
Examples of the carboxylate group include organic groups represented by the above-mentioned acyl group (RCO-), aroyl group (ArCO-) further containing an oxygen atom, RCOO- (acyloxy group), and ArCOO- (aroyloxy group).
アルコキシ基はＲＯ−（Ｒは炭素数１〜10の炭化水素基）で表され、ＣＨ3Ｏ−、Ｃ2Ｈ5Ｏ−、Ｃ3Ｈ7Ｏ−等が挙げられる。
このような有機基を含むことで、吸着させる光増感色素との親和性を高くなり、稼働開始当初からほぼ所定の光電変換効率を達成できる。
The alkoxy group is represented by RO— (R is a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms), and CH 3 O—, C 2 H 5 O—, C 3 H 7 O— and the like can be mentioned.
By including such an organic group, the affinity with the photosensitizing dye to be adsorbed is increased, and almost predetermined photoelectric conversion efficiency can be achieved from the beginning of operation.
有機基含有酸化チタン粒子の有機基の含有量が炭素換算で５０〜２０００重量ｐｐｍ、さらには１００〜１０００重量ｐｐｍの範囲にあることが好ましい。
有機基の含有量が少なすぎると、多孔質金属酸化物半導体膜における、比表面積に対してごく微量であるため、後述する光増感剤との相互作用が弱いためか、光電気セルの定常状態になるのに時間を要する場合がある。一方、有機基が多すぎても、後述する多孔質金属酸化物半導体膜形成時に高温で焼成することから得ることが困難であり、得られたとしてもさらに初期性能を向上させる効果が得られておらず、光増感剤の吸着を阻害するためか、変換効率が低下する場合がある。
The organic group content of the organic group-containing titanium oxide particles is preferably in the range of 50 to 2000 ppm by weight, more preferably 100 to 1000 ppm by weight in terms of carbon.
If the content of the organic group is too small, the amount of the porous metal oxide semiconductor film is very small relative to the specific surface area, so that the interaction with the photosensitizer described later is weak, or the steady state of the photoelectric cell. It may take time to reach the state. On the other hand, even if there are too many organic groups, it is difficult to obtain from firing at a high temperature when forming a porous metal oxide semiconductor film described later, and even if obtained, the effect of further improving the initial performance is obtained. In some cases, the conversion efficiency may decrease because of inhibition of adsorption of the photosensitizer.
なお、有機基含有酸化チタン粒子中の有機基の含有量は、半導体膜形成後の有機基の含有量が有効と考えられることから、有機基含有酸化チタン粒子を半導体膜と同様の焼成条件で焼成した後の炭素の量を測定し、炭素換算として規定している。また、有機基の同定は焼成後、赤外分光法により行なう。なお、かかる有機基は後記する有機化合物がそのまま存在しているのではなく、金属酸化物粒子(酸化チタン粒子)の表面OH基と反応して結合した状態となっているものと考えられる。これはIRによって確認できる。 The organic group content in the organic group-containing titanium oxide particles is considered to be effective after the formation of the semiconductor film, so that the organic group-containing titanium oxide particles are subjected to the same firing conditions as the semiconductor film. The amount of carbon after firing is measured and defined as carbon conversion. The organic group is identified by infrared spectroscopy after firing. In addition, it is considered that such an organic group does not have an organic compound described later as it is, but is in a state of reacting and bonding with a surface OH group of metal oxide particles (titanium oxide particles). This can be confirmed by IR.
この時の焼成温度は２００〜６００℃で、時間は０．５〜４８時間である。
従って、有機基含有酸化チタン粒子の有機基の含有量は、粒子調製時の特定有機基含有有機化合物の量と焼成状件によって調整することができる。
The firing temperature at this time is 200 to 600 ° C., and the time is 0.5 to 48 hours.
Accordingly, the organic group content of the organic group-containing titanium oxide particles can be adjusted by the amount of the specific organic group-containing organic compound and the firing condition at the time of particle preparation.
有機基含有酸化チタン粒子の平均粒子径が５〜３０００ｎｍ、さらには１０〜２０００ｎｍの範囲にあることが好ましい。平均粒子径が低いものは得ることが困難であり、得られたとしても結晶性が低く、また、粒子が焼結しやすくなるため、それにともない形成後の半導体膜を加熱処理した際に温度によっては有機基が脱離しやすくなることがあり、定常状態になる時間を充分短縮できない場合がある。平均粒子径が大きすぎても膜強度が低くなったり、比表面積の低下に伴い、光増感材の吸着量が不充分となるため光電変換効率が不充分となることがある。 The average particle diameter of the organic group-containing titanium oxide particles is preferably in the range of 5 to 3000 nm, more preferably 10 to 2000 nm. It is difficult to obtain a product having a low average particle size, and even if obtained, the crystallinity is low, and the particles are easily sintered. In some cases, the organic group is likely to be eliminated, and the time for steady state cannot be sufficiently shortened. If the average particle size is too large, the film strength may be lowered, or the amount of adsorption of the photosensitizer may be insufficient due to a decrease in specific surface area, resulting in insufficient photoelectric conversion efficiency.
本発明では、これらの粒子の平均粒子径は、粒子の透過型電子顕微鏡写真（ＴＥＭ）を撮影し、任意の粒子１００個について粒子径を測定し、その平均値として求める。
本発明で使用される酸化チタン粒子の結晶性は、特に限定されないが、アナタース型酸化チタン、ブルッカイト型酸化チタン、ルチル型酸化チタンであることが好ましい。
In the present invention, the average particle size of these particles is determined by taking a transmission electron micrograph (TEM) of the particles, measuring the particle size of 100 arbitrary particles, and obtaining the average value.
The crystallinity of the titanium oxide particles used in the present invention is not particularly limited, but is preferably anatase type titanium oxide, brookite type titanium oxide, or rutile type titanium oxide.
（有機基含有酸化チタン粒子の製造方法）
かかる粒子の製造方法としては、焼成した後も前記した特定の有機基を所定量含む粒子が得られれば特に制限はなく従来公知の方法を採用することができる。
(Method for producing organic group-containing titanium oxide particles)
A method for producing such particles is not particularly limited as long as particles containing a predetermined amount of the specific organic group described above can be obtained after firing, and a conventionally known method can be employed.
以下に例示するがこれらに限定するものではない。
第１の方法としては、チタンアルコキシドと有機基源となる有機化合物との混合水溶液に酸を加えて加水分解して酸化チタン水和物ヒドロゲルスラリーを調製し、ついで洗浄した後オートクレーブ等で加熱下熟成することによって有機基含有酸化チタン微粒子分散液を調製する方法が挙げられる。この時、有機化合物の使用量によって有機基の含有量を調整することができ、酸化チタン水和物ヒドロゲルスラリーの濃度、加熱温度・時間等によって粒子径、結晶性を調整することができる。
Although illustrated below, it is not limited to these.
As a first method, an acid is added to a mixed aqueous solution of a titanium alkoxide and an organic compound serving as an organic group to hydrolyze to prepare a titanium oxide hydrate hydrogel slurry, which is then washed and heated in an autoclave or the like. A method of preparing an organic group-containing titanium oxide fine particle dispersion by aging is mentioned. At this time, the content of the organic group can be adjusted according to the amount of the organic compound used, and the particle size and crystallinity can be adjusted according to the concentration of the titanium oxide hydrate hydrogel slurry, the heating temperature / time, and the like.
第２の方法としては、チタン塩水溶液にアルカリを加えて加水分解して酸化チタン水和物ヒドロゲルスラリーを調製し、ついで、洗浄した後、必要に応じて結晶化剤等を混合し、さらに有機基源となる有機化合物を添加した後、オートクレーブ等で加熱下熟成することによって有機基含有酸化チタン微粒子分散液を調製する方法が挙げられる。さらに、必要に応じて洗浄することもできる。この時も、有機化合物の使用量によって有機基の含有量を調整することができ、酸化チタン水和物ヒドロゲルスラリーの濃度、加熱温度・時間等によって粒子径、結晶性を調整することができる。 As the second method, a titanium oxide aqueous solution is hydrolyzed by adding an alkali to a titanium salt aqueous solution to prepare a titanium oxide hydrate hydrogel slurry, then washed, and then mixed with a crystallization agent or the like as necessary. An example is a method of preparing an organic group-containing titanium oxide fine particle dispersion by adding an organic compound as a base source and then aging under heating in an autoclave or the like. Furthermore, it can also be washed as necessary. Also at this time, the content of the organic group can be adjusted by the amount of the organic compound used, and the particle size and crystallinity can be adjusted by the concentration of the titanium oxide hydrate hydrogel slurry, the heating temperature and time, and the like.
第３の方法としては、チタンアルコキシド溶液に酸を加えて加水分解した酸化チタン水和物ヒドロゲルスラリー、あるいはチタン塩水溶液にアルカリを加えて加水分解して酸化チタン水和物ヒドロゲルスラリーに過酸化水素を加えて溶解したペルオキシチタン酸水溶液に有機基現となる有機化合物を混合した溶液あるいはこれを５０〜９０℃で熟成したペルオキシチタン酸水溶液を、さらにオートクレーブ等で加熱下熟成することによって有機基含有酸化チタン微粒子分散液を調製する方法が挙げられる。この時も、有機化合物の使用量によって有機基の含有量を調整することができ、ペルオキシチタン酸水溶液の濃度、加熱温度・時間等によって粒子径、結晶性を調整することができる。 As a third method, a titanium oxide hydrate hydrogel slurry hydrolyzed by adding an acid to a titanium alkoxide solution or an alkali added to a titanium salt aqueous solution and hydrolyzed to form a hydrogen peroxide into a titanium oxide hydrate hydrogel slurry. A solution in which an organic compound as an organic substance is mixed with a peroxytitanic acid aqueous solution dissolved by adding a solution or a peroxytitanic acid aqueous solution aged at 50 to 90 ° C., and further aged by heating in an autoclave, etc. A method for preparing a titanium oxide fine particle dispersion is mentioned. Also at this time, the content of the organic group can be adjusted by the amount of the organic compound used, and the particle diameter and crystallinity can be adjusted by the concentration of the peroxytitanic acid aqueous solution, the heating temperature and time, and the like.
使用される有機化合物としては、前記焼成条件で、所定の有機基として、酸化チタン中に存在するものであれば特に制限されないが、たとえば、アセチルアセトン、3-メチル2,4ペンタジオン、3-プロピル-2,4-ベンタジオン、安息香酸、フタル酸、3-フェニル-2,4ペンタジオン、酢酸、マレイン酸、マロン酸、コハク酸、メチルアルコール、エチルアルコール、プロピルアルコール、ブチルアルコール等が挙げられる。 The organic compound to be used is not particularly limited as long as it is present in titanium oxide as a predetermined organic group under the above-mentioned firing conditions. For example, acetylacetone, 3-methyl-2,4-pentadione, 3-propyl- 2,4-Bentadione, benzoic acid, phthalic acid, 3-phenyl-2,4 pentadione, acetic acid, maleic acid, malonic acid, succinic acid, methyl alcohol, ethyl alcohol, propyl alcohol, butyl alcohol and the like.
(複合粒子)
また、本発明では、前記平均粒子径範囲にあり、比較的大きな粒子径を有する有機基含有酸化チタン粒子と比較的小さな粒子径を有する有機基含有酸化チタン微粒子とを混合して使用することができる。この場合、多孔質金属酸化物半導体膜中の粒子密度が向上し、光電変換効率が向上する効果が得られる場合がある。
(Composite particle)
In the present invention, the organic group-containing titanium oxide particles having a relatively large particle diameter and the organic group-containing titanium oxide fine particles having a relatively small particle diameter are mixed and used in the average particle diameter range. it can. In this case, the particle density in the porous metal oxide semiconductor film may be improved, and the effect of improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency may be obtained.
また、前記有機基含有酸化チタン粒子は、粒子径の大きな酸化チタンからなる基体粒子と、該基体粒子の表面を被覆した粒子径の小さい酸化チタン微粒子とからなる複合粒子を用いることもできる。係る複合粒子の場合、粒子径の小さい酸化チタン微粒子に有機基が含有され、基体粒子表面で被覆層を構成している。このような粒子は大粒径の粒子の存在によって、光透過せずに散乱させることができる。 The organic group-containing titanium oxide particles may be composite particles composed of base particles made of titanium oxide having a large particle diameter and titanium oxide fine particles having a small particle diameter covering the surface of the base particle. In the case of such composite particles, organic groups are contained in titanium oxide fine particles having a small particle diameter, and the coating layer is formed on the surface of the base particles. Such particles can be scattered without transmitting light due to the presence of large particles.
酸化チタン基体粒子は、平均粒子径が８０〜３，０００ｎｍ、さらには１００〜２，０００ｎｍの範囲にあることが好ましい。平均粒子径が８０ｎｍ未満の場合は、形成後の半導体膜の細孔が小さく、且つ長く曲折しているため発生した電子の移動に時間を要し、電子の再結合が起こりやすく、光電変換効率が不充分となることがある。平均粒子径が３，０００ｎｍを越えると、粒子が大きすぎるため膜強度が弱くなったり、粒子間の空隙が大きくなるため光の透過量が増大したり、反射が不充分となるために光の利用率が低下し、光電変換効率が不充分となることがある。 The titanium oxide base particles preferably have an average particle size in the range of 80 to 3,000 nm, more preferably 100 to 2,000 nm. When the average particle diameter is less than 80 nm, the pores of the formed semiconductor film are small and bent long, so that it takes time to move the generated electrons, and recombination of electrons is likely to occur. May be insufficient. If the average particle diameter exceeds 3,000 nm, the film strength becomes weak because the particles are too large, the gap between the particles becomes large, the amount of transmitted light increases, and the reflection becomes insufficient. The utilization factor may decrease and the photoelectric conversion efficiency may be insufficient.
なお、酸化チタン基体粒子は、前記したと同様に有機基を含有していてもよい。
酸化チタン基体粒子の表面を被覆する有酸化チタン微粒子の平均粒子径は５〜５０ｎｍ、さらには２０〜３５ｎｍの範囲にあることが好ましい。平均粒子径が前記下限未満のものは得ることが困難であり、得られたとしても結晶性が低く、また、形成後の半導体膜を加熱処理した際の温度あるいは有機基の種類によっては脱離したり分解する場合があり、定常状態になる時間を充分短縮できない場合がある。平均粒子径が大きすぎると、有機基含有酸化チタン微粒子層の比表面積が小さくなり、このため光増感材の吸着量が不充分となり、光電変換効率が不充分となることがある。
The titanium oxide base particles may contain an organic group as described above.
The average particle diameter of the titanium oxide fine particles covering the surface of the titanium oxide base particles is preferably 5 to 50 nm, more preferably 20 to 35 nm. It is difficult to obtain a particle having an average particle size less than the lower limit, and even if it is obtained, the crystallinity is low, and it is desorbed depending on the temperature at which the semiconductor film after the heat treatment is heated or the type of organic group. In some cases, the time to reach a steady state cannot be sufficiently shortened. If the average particle size is too large, the specific surface area of the organic group-containing titanium oxide fine particle layer becomes small, so that the amount of adsorption of the photosensitizer becomes insufficient, and the photoelectric conversion efficiency may be insufficient.
前記有機基含有酸化チタン粒子は、前記有機基含有酸化チタン微粒子が酸化チタン基体粒子を被覆している。この時、有機基含有酸化チタン粒子は互いに結合、あるいは凝集状態になく単分散していることが好ましい。 In the organic group-containing titanium oxide particles, the organic group-containing titanium oxide fine particles coat titanium oxide base particles. At this time, it is preferable that the organic group-containing titanium oxide particles are monodispersed without being bonded or aggregated to each other.
有機基含有酸化チタン微粒子の被覆量は有機基含有酸化チタン粒子中に１０〜６０重量％、さらには２０〜５０重量％の範囲にあることが好ましい。被覆量が少ないと光増感材の吸着量が不充分となり、光電変換効率が不充分となることがある。また、基体粒子に光増感材が含まれていない場合、前記有機基の含有量が少なくなるために定常状態になるまでの時間を充分短縮できない場合がある。有機基含有酸化チタン微粒子の被覆量が多すぎると微粒子層が厚くなり、従来の酸化チタン微粒子のみからなる半導体膜と同様に電子の移動に時間を要し、電子の再結合がおこりやすく、光電変換効率が不十分となることがある。
このような複合粒子の平均粒子径は８５〜３，０００ｎｍ、さらには１１０〜２，０００ｎｍの範囲にあることが好ましい。この範囲にあれば、上記したように、本発明が目的とする効果を発揮する。
The coating amount of the organic group-containing titanium oxide fine particles is preferably in the range of 10 to 60% by weight, more preferably 20 to 50% by weight in the organic group-containing titanium oxide particles. If the coating amount is small, the adsorption amount of the photosensitizer is insufficient, and the photoelectric conversion efficiency may be insufficient. In addition, when the substrate particles do not contain a photosensitizer, the time until the steady state may not be sufficiently shortened because the content of the organic group is reduced. If the coating amount of the organic group-containing titanium oxide fine particles is too large, the fine particle layer becomes thick, and like the conventional semiconductor film made of only titanium oxide fine particles, it takes time to move electrons, and recombination of electrons easily occurs. Conversion efficiency may be insufficient.
The average particle size of such composite particles is preferably in the range of 85 to 3,000 nm, more preferably 110 to 2,000 nm. If it exists in this range, as mentioned above, the effect which this invention aims at will be exhibited.
このような複合粒子の調製方法に制限はないが、例えば酸化チタン基体粒子の分散液に、有機基含有酸化チタン粒子中の有機基含有酸化チタン微粒子が前記した所定量の範囲となるように有機基含有酸化チタン微粒子を混合した分散液とし、必要に応じて分散液のｐＨを概ね１０〜１３に制御して、必要に応じて概ね１００〜３００℃で熟成（水熱処理）すればよい。分散媒としては、水、アルコール、グリコール、ケトン、エステル等、およびこれらの混合液を用いることができる。 The method for preparing such composite particles is not limited. For example, the organic group-containing titanium oxide fine particles in the organic group-containing titanium oxide particles are organically dispersed in a dispersion of titanium oxide base particles. What is necessary is just to make it the dispersion liquid which mixed the group containing titanium oxide microparticles | fine-particles, and to age | cure (hydrothermal treatment) at about 100-300 degreeC as needed, controlling the pH of a dispersion liquid to about 10-13 as needed. As the dispersion medium, water, alcohol, glycol, ketone, ester and the like, and a mixed solution thereof can be used.
なお、このような複合粒子を用いる場合、微粒子層を構成する有機基含有酸化チタン微粒子同士の粒子間隙による細孔径が１〜１５ｎｍの範囲の細孔と、有機基含有酸化チタン粒子同士の粒子間隙による細孔径が２０〜５００ｎｍの範囲の細孔を有している。
（バインダー成分）
通常多孔質金属酸化物半導体膜中にはバインダー成分が含まれていてもよい。たとえばペリオキソチタン成分に由来する酸化チタンバインダーが例示される。
光増感材
光増感材としては、可視光領域、紫外光領域、赤外光領域の光を吸収して励起するものであれば特に制限はなく、たとえば有機色素、金属錯体などを用いることができる。
When such composite particles are used, pores having a pore diameter in the range of 1 to 15 nm due to the particle gap between the organic group-containing titanium oxide fine particles constituting the fine particle layer, and the particle gap between the organic group-containing titanium oxide particles. Have pores with a diameter of 20 to 500 nm.
(Binder component)
Usually, a binder component may be contained in the porous metal oxide semiconductor film. An example is a titanium oxide binder derived from a peroxotitanium component.
The photosensitizer is not particularly limited as long as it absorbs and excites light in the visible light region, ultraviolet light region, and infrared light region. For example, an organic dye or a metal complex is used. Can do.
有機色素としては、分子中にカルボキシル基、ヒドロキシアルキル基、ヒドロキシル基、スルホン基、カルボキシアルキル基等の官能基を有する従来公知の有機色素が使用できる。 具体的には、メタルフリーフタロシアニン、シアニン系色素、メタロシアニン系色素、トリフェニルメタン系色素およびウラニン、エオシン、ローズベンガル、ローダミンＢ、ジブロムフルオレセイン等のキサンテン系色素等が挙げられる。これらの有機色素は金属酸化物半導体膜への吸着速度が早いという特性を有している。
また、金属錯体としては、特開平1-220380号公報、特表平5-504023号公報などに記載された銅フタロシアニン、チタニルフタロシアニンなどの金属フタロシアニン、クロロフィル、ヘミン、ルテニウム-トリス(2,2'-ビスピリジル-4,4'-ジカルボキシラート)、シス-(ＳＣＮ-)-ビス(2,2'-ビピリジル-4,4'-ジカルボキシレート)ルテニウム、ルテニウム-シス-ジアクア-ビス(2,2'-ビピリジル-4,4'-ジカルボキシラート)などのルテニウム-シス-ジアクア-ビピリジル錯体、亜鉛-テトラ(4-カルボキシフェニル)ポルフィンなどのポルフィリン、鉄-ヘキサシアニド錯体等のルテニウム、オスミウム、鉄、亜鉛などの錯体を挙げることができる。これらの金属錯体は分光増感の効果や耐久性に優れている。たとえば、ダイソル社製のBA(N3)、B2(N719)、DNH2(Z907)、DBL(749)などが好適である。
As the organic dye, a conventionally known organic dye having a functional group such as a carboxyl group, a hydroxyalkyl group, a hydroxyl group, a sulfone group, or a carboxyalkyl group in the molecule can be used. Specific examples include metal-free phthalocyanines, cyanine dyes, methocyanine dyes, triphenylmethane dyes, and xanthene dyes such as uranin, eosin, rose bengal, rhodamine B, and dibromofluorescein. These organic dyes have a characteristic that the adsorption rate to the metal oxide semiconductor film is fast.
Examples of the metal complex include metal phthalocyanines such as copper phthalocyanine and titanyl phthalocyanine described in JP-A-1-220380 and JP-A-5-504023, chlorophyll, hemin, ruthenium-tris (2,2 ′ -Bispyridyl-4,4′-dicarboxylate), cis- (SCN − ) -bis (2,2′-bipyridyl-4,4′-dicarboxylate) ruthenium, ruthenium-cis-diaqua-bis (2, Ruthenium-cis-diaqua-bipyridyl complexes such as 2'-bipyridyl-4,4'-dicarboxylate), porphyrins such as zinc-tetra (4-carboxyphenyl) porphine, ruthenium such as iron-hexocyanide complexes, osmium, iron And complexes of zinc and the like. These metal complexes are excellent in the effect of spectral sensitization and durability. For example, BA (N3), B2 (N719), DNH2 (Z907), DBL (749) manufactured by Daisol are suitable.
上記の光増感材としての有機色素または金属錯体は単独で用いてもよく、有機色素または金属錯体の２種以上を混合して用いてもよく、さらに有機色素と金属錯体とを併用してもよい。 The organic dye or metal complex as the above-mentioned photosensitizer may be used alone, or may be used by mixing two or more kinds of organic dyes or metal complexes. Further, the organic dye and the metal complex are used in combination. Also good.
多孔質金属酸化物半導体膜の光増感材の吸着量は多孔質金属酸化物半導体膜の比表面積１ｃｍ2あたり１００μｇ以上、さらには１５０μｇ以上であることが好ましい。光増感材の吸着量が少ないと光電変換効率が不充分となる。 The adsorption amount of the photosensitizer on the porous metal oxide semiconductor film is preferably 100 μg or more, more preferably 150 μg or more per 1 cm 2 of the specific surface area of the porous metal oxide semiconductor film. If the adsorption amount of the photosensitizer is small, the photoelectric conversion efficiency becomes insufficient.
このような光増感材の吸着方法は、特に制限はなく、光増感材を溶媒に溶解した溶液を、ディッピング法、スピナー法、スプレー法等の方法により多孔質金属酸化物半導体膜に吸収させ、次いで乾燥する等の一般的な方法が採用できる。さらに必要に応じて前記吸収工程を繰り返してもよい。また、光増感材溶液を加熱環流しながら前記基板と接触させて光増感材を多孔質金属酸化物半導体膜に吸着させることもできる
光増感材を溶解させる溶媒としては、光増感材を溶解するものであればよく、具体的には、水、アルコール類、トルエン、ジメチルホルムアミド、クロロホルム、エチルセルソルブ、Nーメチルピロリドン、テトラヒドロフラン等を用いることができる。
The adsorption method of such a photosensitizer is not particularly limited, and a solution obtained by dissolving the photosensitizer in a solvent is absorbed into the porous metal oxide semiconductor film by a method such as a dipping method, a spinner method, or a spray method. General methods such as drying and then drying can be employed. Furthermore, you may repeat the said absorption process as needed. In addition, the photosensitizer can be adsorbed to the porous metal oxide semiconductor film by bringing the photosensitizer solution into contact with the substrate while heating and refluxing. Any material that dissolves the material may be used. Specifically, water, alcohols, toluene, dimethylformamide, chloroform, ethyl cellosolve, N-methylpyrrolidone, tetrahydrofuran and the like can be used.
光増感材溶液の光増感材の濃度は多孔質金属酸化物半導体膜の比表面積１ｃｍ2あたり１００μｇ以上、さらには２００μｇ以上となる濃度が好ましい。
電解質層
電解質としては、電気化学的に活性な塩とともに酸化還元系を形成する少なくとも１種の化合物との混合物が使用される。
The concentration of the photosensitizer in the photosensitizer solution is preferably 100 μg or more, more preferably 200 μg or more per 1 cm 2 of the specific surface area of the porous metal oxide semiconductor film.
As the electrolyte layer electrolyte, a mixture of at least one compound that forms an oxidation-reduction system with an electrochemically active salt is used.
電気化学的に活性な塩としては、テトラプロピルアンモニウムアイオダイドなどの４級アンモニウム塩が挙げられる。酸化還元系を形成する化合物としては、キノン、ヒドロキノン、沃素（Ｉ-／Ｉ- 3）、沃化カリウム、臭素（Ｂr-／Ｂr- 3）、臭化カリウム等が挙げられる。場合によってはこれらを混合して使用することもできる。 Examples of the electrochemically active salt include quaternary ammonium salts such as tetrapropylammonium iodide. Examples of the compound forming the redox system, quinone, hydroquinone, iodine (I - / I - 3) , potassium iodide, bromine (Br - / Br - 3) , potassium bromide, and the like. In some cases, these may be used in combination.
このような電解質の使用量は、電解質の種類、後述する溶媒の種類によっても異なるが、概ね０.１〜５モル／リットルの範囲にあることが好ましい。
電解質層には、従来公知の溶媒を用いることができる。具体的には水、アルコール類、オリゴエーテル類、プロピオンカーボネート等のカーボネート類、燐酸エステル類、ジメチルホルムアミド、ジメチルスルホキシド、N-メチルピロリドン、N-ビニルピロリドン、スルホラン６６の硫黄化合物、炭酸エチレン、アセトニトリル、γ−ブチロラクトン等が挙げられる。
The amount of the electrolyte used is preferably approximately in the range of 0.1 to 5 mol / liter, although it varies depending on the type of electrolyte and the type of solvent described later.
A conventionally well-known solvent can be used for an electrolyte layer. Specifically, carbonates such as water, alcohols, oligoethers, propionate carbonate, phosphate esters, dimethylformamide, dimethylsulfoxide, N-methylpyrrolidone, N-vinylpyrrolidone, sulfur compounds of sulfolane 66, ethylene carbonate, acetonitrile , Γ-butyrolactone and the like.
本発明では、前記した表面に電極層(1)を有し、該電極層(1)上に必要に応じて酸化チタン薄膜(1)を有し、かつ電極層(1)上または酸化チタン薄膜(1)上に光増感材を吸着した多孔質金属酸化物半導体膜を有する基板(1)と、表面に電極層(2)を有する基板(2)とを、電極層(1)および電極層(2)が対向するように配置し、側面を樹脂にてシールし、多孔質金属酸化物半導体膜(1)と電極層(2)との間に電解質を封入し、さらに電極間をリード線で接続することによって光電気セルを製造することができる。 In the present invention, the electrode layer (1) is provided on the surface, and the electrode layer (1) has a titanium oxide thin film (1) as necessary, and the electrode layer (1) or the titanium oxide thin film. (1) A substrate (1) having a porous metal oxide semiconductor film on which a photosensitizer is adsorbed and a substrate (2) having an electrode layer (2) on the surface, the electrode layer (1) and the electrode Arrange the layers (2) so that they face each other, seal the sides with resin, enclose the electrolyte between the porous metal oxide semiconductor film (1) and the electrode layer (2), and lead between the electrodes Photoelectric cells can be manufactured by connecting with wires.
つぎに、本発明に係る光電気セル用多孔質金属酸化物半導体膜形成用塗料について説明する。
[光電気セル用多孔質金属酸化物半導体膜形成用塗料]
本発明に係る光電気セル用多孔質金属酸化物半導体膜形成用塗料は、前記した特定の有機基を有する酸化チタン粒子と分散媒とを含む。
Next, the coating material for forming a porous metal oxide semiconductor film for photoelectric cells according to the present invention will be described.
[Porous metal oxide semiconductor film-forming paint for photovoltaic cells]
The coating material for forming a porous metal oxide semiconductor film for photoelectric cells according to the present invention includes the above-described titanium oxide particles having a specific organic group and a dispersion medium.
分散媒
塗料の分散媒としては水、アルコール類、ケトン類、グリコール類、エーテル類、テレピン類からなる群選ばれる１種または２種以上が用いられる。
具体的には、アルコール類としてはメタノール、エタノール、イソプロピルアルコール、ブタノール等、ケトン類としてはアセトンなどグリコール類としてエチレングリコール、プロピレングリコール等、エーテル類としてはブチルカルビトール、ブチルカルビトールアセテート等、テレピン類としては、テルピネオール、ジヒドロターピネオール、ターピノーレン等が挙げられる。
As the dispersion medium of the dispersion medium coating material, one or more selected from the group consisting of water, alcohols, ketones, glycols, ethers, and terpines are used.
Specifically, methanol, ethanol, isopropyl alcohol, butanol, etc. as alcohols, glycols, such as acetone, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, etc. as ketones, butyl carbitol, butyl carbitol acetate, etc. as ethers, terpine Examples include terpineol, dihydroterpineol, terpineolene and the like.
スクリーン印刷法ではテルピネオール、ブチルカルビトール等の溶媒に分散させた塗料が好適に用いられる。また、速乾性が要求される印刷方法では、水とメタノール、エタノール、イソプロピルアルコール、ブタノール等の比較的低沸点のアルコール類を含む水性分散媒は前記酸化チタン粒子、後述する必要に応じて用いる増粘剤とを均一に分散あるいは溶解できるとともに、基材に酸化チタン粒子層を形成した後、乾燥する際に分散媒が蒸発しやすいので好適に用いることができる。 In the screen printing method, a paint dispersed in a solvent such as terpineol or butyl carbitol is preferably used. Further, in a printing method that requires quick drying, an aqueous dispersion medium containing water and relatively low boiling point alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, isopropyl alcohol, and butanol is used as the titanium oxide particles, which are used as necessary. It can be preferably used because it can uniformly disperse or dissolve the adhesive, and after the titanium oxide particle layer is formed on the base material, the dispersion medium easily evaporates during drying.
増粘剤
本発明の塗料には増粘剤が含まれていてもよく、増粘剤としては、ポリエチレングリコール、ポリビニルピロリドン、ヒドロキシプロピルセルロース、ポリアクリル酸、エチルセルロース、メチルセルロース、カルボキシメチルメチルセルロース、ポリビニルアルコール、アクリル樹脂、ケトン樹脂、メラミン樹脂等が挙げられる。このような増粘剤が多孔質金属酸化物半導体膜形成用塗料中に含まれていると、塗料の粘度が高くなり、これにより均一に塗布することができ、前記した細孔容積および細孔径を有する多孔質金属酸化物半導体膜を得ることができる。
Thickener The paint of the present invention may contain a thickener. Examples of the thickener include polyethylene glycol, polyvinylpyrrolidone, hydroxypropylcellulose, polyacrylic acid, ethylcellulose, methylcellulose, carboxymethylmethylcellulose, and polyvinyl alcohol. , Acrylic resin, ketone resin, melamine resin and the like. When such a thickener is contained in the coating material for forming a porous metal oxide semiconductor film, the viscosity of the coating material is increased, thereby enabling uniform application, and the pore volume and pore diameter described above. A porous metal oxide semiconductor film having the following can be obtained.
多孔質金属酸化物半導体膜形成用塗料中の増粘剤の濃度は増粘剤の種類によっても異なるが、増粘剤を含む場合、固形分として１．０〜４０重量％、さらには４．０〜１０重量％の範囲にあることが好ましい。
増粘剤が少ないと効果が不充分でとなることがあるが、多すぎても塗布性が低下するとともに、得られる半導体膜の強度が不充分となり、さらに増粘剤の完全な除去が困難となり、充分な光電変換効率の向上効果が得られないことがある。
The concentration of the thickener in the porous metal oxide semiconductor film-forming coating material varies depending on the type of the thickener, but when it contains a thickener, it is 1.0 to 40% by weight as a solid content, and further 4. It is preferably in the range of 0 to 10% by weight.
If the amount of the thickener is small, the effect may be insufficient. However, if the amount is too large, the coatability is lowered, the strength of the resulting semiconductor film is insufficient, and further, it is difficult to completely remove the thickener. Thus, there may be a case where a sufficient photoelectric conversion efficiency improvement effect cannot be obtained.
多孔質金属酸化物半導体膜形成用塗料中の有機基含有酸化チタン粒子の含有量（必要に応じてペルオキシチタン酸を含む場合はその合計量）は、固形分としてとして１〜３０重量％、さらには２〜２０重量％の範囲にあることが好ましい。
前記濃度が薄すぎると１回の操作で所望の厚さの金属酸化物半導体膜を形成できない場合があり、繰り返し操作が必要となる。前記濃度が高すぎても分散液の粘度が高くなり、得られる金属酸化物半導体膜の緻密度が低下し、半導体膜の強度、耐摩耗性が不充分となることに加え、電子の移動性が低下し、光電変換効率が不充分となることがある。
The content of organic group-containing titanium oxide particles in the coating for forming a porous metal oxide semiconductor film (the total amount if peroxytitanic acid is included if necessary) is 1 to 30% by weight as a solid content, Is preferably in the range of 2 to 20% by weight.
If the concentration is too low, a metal oxide semiconductor film having a desired thickness may not be formed by a single operation, which requires repeated operations. If the concentration is too high, the viscosity of the dispersion increases, the density of the resulting metal oxide semiconductor film decreases, the strength and wear resistance of the semiconductor film become insufficient, and the mobility of electrons. May decrease and the photoelectric conversion efficiency may be insufficient.
前記多孔質金属酸化物半導体膜形成用塗料にはペルオキシチタン酸が含まれていてもよい。このようなペルオキソチタン酸はバインダー成分として機能し、緻密で強度に優れ、光増感剤の吸着量が多く、電子移動性に優れた、この結果光電変換効率が向上した多孔質金属酸化物半毒体瞑が得られるという効果が達成される。ペルオキソチタン酸は、半導体中ではバインダーの酸化チタンとなる。塗料中のペルオキシチタン酸の使用量は酸化チタンとして有機基含有酸化チタン粒子の１〜３０重量％、さらには２〜１５重量％の範囲にあることが好ましい。 The porous metal oxide semiconductor film-forming coating material may contain peroxytitanic acid. Such peroxotitanic acid functions as a binder component, is dense and excellent in strength, has a large amount of adsorption of a photosensitizer, has excellent electron mobility, and as a result, has a photoelectric conversion efficiency improved. The effect of obtaining poison meditation is achieved. Peroxotitanic acid becomes a binder titanium oxide in the semiconductor. The amount of peroxytitanic acid used in the coating is preferably in the range of 1 to 30% by weight, more preferably 2 to 15% by weight of the organic group-containing titanium oxide particles as titanium oxide.
ペルオキシチタン酸の使用量が少ないと、場合によって、酸化チタン薄膜との緻密性、半導体膜の強度や、光増感材の吸着量、光電変換効率などが不充分となることがある。ペルオキシチタン酸を多くしても、前記効果が更に向上することもなく、光電変換効率が低下することがある。 If the amount of peroxytitanic acid used is small, the denseness with the titanium oxide thin film, the strength of the semiconductor film, the adsorption amount of the photosensitizer, the photoelectric conversion efficiency, etc. may be insufficient. Even if the amount of peroxytitanic acid is increased, the above effect is not further improved, and the photoelectric conversion efficiency may be lowered.
このような、多孔質金属酸化物半導体膜形成用塗料を電極層上やる酸化チタン薄膜上に塗布し、乾燥した後紫外線照射により硬化、あるいは加熱硬化するとともにアニーリングして形成することができる。 Such a coating material for forming a porous metal oxide semiconductor film can be applied to a titanium oxide thin film formed on an electrode layer, dried and then cured by ultraviolet irradiation or heat-cured and annealed.
塗布方法はディップ法、スピナー法、ロールコーター法、フレキソ印刷、スクリーン印刷法等が好適である。
乾燥は分散媒を除去できる温度であればよく、従来公知の方法を採用することができ、風乾することも可能であるが、通常５０〜２００℃で０．２〜５時間程度乾燥する。加熱処理は有機基の種類によっても異なるが、通常、２００〜６００℃、さらには４００〜５５０℃で概ね０．５〜４８時間処理する。
As a coating method, a dip method, a spinner method, a roll coater method, flexographic printing, a screen printing method, and the like are suitable.
The drying may be performed at a temperature at which the dispersion medium can be removed, and a conventionally known method can be adopted. Air drying can also be performed, but drying is usually performed at 50 to 200 ° C. for about 0.2 to 5 hours. Although the heat treatment varies depending on the type of organic group, it is usually treated at 200 to 600 ° C., further 400 to 550 ° C. for about 0.5 to 48 hours.
このようにして得られた多孔質金属酸化物半導体膜の膜厚は０．１〜５０μｍの範囲にあることが好ましい。
[実施例]
以下、本発明を実施例により説明するが、本発明はこれらに実施例により限定されるものではない。
The film thickness of the porous metal oxide semiconductor film thus obtained is preferably in the range of 0.1 to 50 μm.
[Example]
EXAMPLES Hereinafter, although an Example demonstrates this invention, this invention is not limited to an Example by these.
[実施例1]
有機基含有酸化チタン微粒子(1)分散液の調製
チタンテトライソプロポキシド（マツモトファインケミカル（株）製：ＴｉＯ2濃度 ２８．３重量％）４６４．５ｇと有機基源として酢酸（純度１００％）１５５．６ｇをよく混合した溶液を純水２３００ｇに添加し、８０℃にて２時間攪拌混合した後、濃度６１重量％の硝酸水溶液８０．０ｇ加え、さらに２時間攪拌混合してＴｉＯ2濃度が４．４重量％の酸化チタン水和物ヒドロゲルスラリー (1)を得た。
得られた酸化チタン水和物ヒドロゲルスラリー (1)の電導度が２５ｍＳ／ｃｍ以下となるように、純水を用いて希釈し、遠心分離により上澄みを除去して洗浄し、ＴｉＯ2濃度が８重量％の、洗浄酸化チタン水和物ヒドロゲルスラリー (1)を得た。
[Example 1]
Preparation of organic group-containing titanium oxide fine particles (1) dispersion Titanium tetraisopropoxide (manufactured by Matsumoto Fine Chemical Co., Ltd .: TiO 2 concentration 28.3% by weight) 464.5 g and acetic acid (purity 100%) 155 as an organic group source was added well mixed solution .6g of pure water 2300 g, after stirring and mixing for 2 hours at 80 ° C., was added an aqueous nitric acid solution 80.0g of concentration 61% by weight, the TiO 2 concentration was further mixed for 2 hours with stirring 4 A 4% by weight titanium oxide hydrate hydrogel slurry (1) was obtained.
The obtained titanium oxide hydrate hydrogel slurry (1) is diluted with pure water so that the electric conductivity is 25 mS / cm or less, and the supernatant is removed by centrifugation and washed to obtain a TiO 2 concentration of 8 A washed titanium oxide hydrate hydrogel slurry (1) by weight was obtained.
得られた洗浄酸化チタン水和物ヒドロゲルスラリー (1)をオートクレーブにて、２５５℃で１２時間熟成し、ついで、常温に冷却した後、硝酸水溶液を用いてｐＨが３．５となるように調整し、限外濾過膜にてＴｉＯ2濃度が２０重量％となるように濃縮を行い、有機基含有酸化チタン微粒子(1)分散液を調製した。
得られた有機基含有酸化チタン微粒子(1)について、平均粒子径を測定し、Ｘ線回折法により結晶形を同定し、結果を表に示す。
また、有機基含有酸化チタン微粒子(1)を下記多孔質金属酸化物半導体膜形成時の焼成条件と同じく４５０℃で１時間焼成した粒子について赤外分光計により有機基を同定するとともに、炭素換算の有機基量を測定し、結果を表１に示す。
The obtained washed titanium oxide hydrate hydrogel slurry (1) was aged in an autoclave at 255 ° C. for 12 hours, then cooled to room temperature, and adjusted to a pH of 3.5 using an aqueous nitric acid solution. and for concentration as TiO 2 concentration of 20 wt% using an ultrafiltration membrane, an organic group-containing titanium oxide fine particles (1) to prepare a dispersion.
With respect to the obtained organic group-containing titanium oxide fine particles (1), the average particle diameter was measured, the crystal form was identified by the X-ray diffraction method, and the results are shown in the table.
In addition, the organic group-containing titanium oxide fine particles (1) are identified by an infrared spectrometer for carbon particles that are fired at 450 ° C. for 1 hour, the same as the firing conditions for forming the following porous metal oxide semiconductor film. The amount of organic groups was measured and the results are shown in Table 1.
なお、有機基の同定については同定した有機基の波数とともに吸収スペクトルの強い場合には◎、明らかに吸収が認められる場合には○、僅かに認められる場合は△、認められない場合は×を付して表に示した。
多孔質金属酸化物半導体膜形成用塗料(1)の調製
有機基含有酸化チタン粒子(1)分散液１００ｇにエタノールを４００ｇ加え攪拌した後、エチルセルロース８ｇを１０％濃度となるようにエタノールで溶解した溶液を加え、さらに、テルピネオールを７５ｇ加えた溶液を加え、よく攪拌した後、ロータリーエバポレータにてＴｉＯ2濃度が１９重量％となるように濃縮し、多孔質金属酸化物半導体膜形成用塗料(1)を調製した。
Regarding the identification of organic groups, ◎ if the absorption spectrum is strong together with the wave number of the identified organic group, ◯ if the absorption is clearly recognized, △ if it is slightly recognized, × if not. Attached and shown in the table.
Preparation of Paint for Forming Porous Metal Oxide Semiconductor Film (1) After adding 400 g of ethanol to 100 g of the organic group-containing titanium oxide particle (1) dispersion and stirring, 8 g of ethylcellulose was dissolved in ethanol to a concentration of 10%. The solution was added, and further 75 g of terpineol was added and stirred well. Then, the solution was concentrated with a rotary evaporator so that the TiO 2 concentration became 19% by weight, and the coating for forming a porous metal oxide semiconductor film (1 ) Was prepared.
多孔質金属酸化物半導体膜(1)の形成
フッ素ドープＳｎＯ2導電性ガラス(日本板硝子株式会社製：板厚４．０ｍｍ)をＴｉＯ2濃度が４０ｍＭの四塩化チタン水溶液に浸漬させ、７０℃にて３０分保持した後、純水洗浄およびエタノール洗浄を行い、乾燥させて酸化チタン薄膜を形成した後、多孔質金属酸化物半導体膜形成用塗料(1)をスクリーン印刷法により、１４μｍの膜厚となるように印刷-１２０℃での乾燥-冷却を繰返した後、４５０℃にて１時間焼成して多孔質金属酸化物半導体膜(1)を形成した。多孔質金属酸化物半導体膜(1)の細孔容積を測定し、結果を表に示す。なお、四塩化チタン水溶液を用いて形成した酸化チタン薄膜については、薄膜の形成は認められたが、極めて薄いことから膜厚、細孔容積および平均細孔径は測定しなかった。
光増感材の吸着
光増感材としてＤＹＥＳＯＬ社製ＤＮＨ２（Ｚ９０７）色素を濃度０．３ｍｍｏｌ／ｌとなるようにアセトニトリルおよびｔｅｒｔ−ブタノール(体積比１：１)の溶液に溶解し光増感材溶液を調製した。この溶液に酸化チタン薄膜および多孔質金属酸化物半導体膜(1)を形成したガラスを５時間漬込み、取り出した後アセトニトリルで洗浄し、色素を吸着させた。
Formation of Porous Metal Oxide Semiconductor Film (1) Fluorine-doped SnO 2 conductive glass (manufactured by Nippon Sheet Glass Co., Ltd .: plate thickness 4.0 mm) is immersed in a titanium tetrachloride aqueous solution having a TiO 2 concentration of 40 mM, and the temperature is increased to 70 ° C. For 30 minutes, followed by washing with pure water and ethanol, drying to form a titanium oxide thin film, and then coating the porous metal oxide semiconductor film-forming coating (1) with a film thickness of 14 μm by screen printing. After repeating printing—drying at 120 ° C.—cooling, and firing at 450 ° C. for 1 hour, a porous metal oxide semiconductor film (1) was formed. The pore volume of the porous metal oxide semiconductor film (1) was measured, and the results are shown in the table. In addition, about the titanium oxide thin film formed using the titanium tetrachloride aqueous solution, although formation of the thin film was recognized, since it was very thin, the film thickness, the pore volume, and the average pore diameter were not measured.
Adsorption of photosensitizer DNH2 (Z907) dye manufactured by DYESOL as a photosensitizer is dissolved in a solution of acetonitrile and tert-butanol (volume ratio 1: 1) to a concentration of 0.3 mmol / l and photosensitized. A material solution was prepared. The glass on which the titanium oxide thin film and the porous metal oxide semiconductor film (1) were formed was immersed in this solution for 5 hours, taken out, washed with acetonitrile, and the dye was adsorbed.
先ず、溶媒として３-メトキシプロピオニトリル中に１-メチルー３-プロピルイミダゾリウムヨーダイド ０．６ｍｏｌ／ｌ、Ｎ−メチルベンゾイミダゾール ０．５ｍｏｌ／ｌ、ヨウ素 ０．１ｍｏｌ／ｌとなるように溶解して電解質を調製した。
前記で調製した電極を一方の電極とし、他方の電極としてフッ素ドープした酸化スズを電極として形成し、その上に白金を担持した透明ガラス基板を対向して配置し、側面を樹脂にてシールし、電極間に上記の電解質溶液を封入し、光電気セル(1)を作成した。 The electrode prepared above is used as one electrode, and fluorine-doped tin oxide is formed as the other electrode. The transparent glass substrate carrying platinum is placed on the opposite side, and the sides are sealed with resin. The above electrolyte solution was sealed between the electrodes to produce a photoelectric cell (1).
光電気セル(1)は、ソーラーシュミレーターで１００Ｗ／ｍ2の強度の光を入射角９０°（セル面と９０°）で照射して、２時間後、５時間後および１０時間後のＶｏｃ（開回路状態の電圧）、Ｊｏｃ（回路を短絡したときに流れる電流の密度）、ＦＦ（曲線因子）およびη（変換効率）を測定し結果を表１に示した。
[実施例2]
有機基含有酸化チタン微粒子(2)分散液の調製
実施例１において、酢酸（純度１００％）１１８．０８ｇを用いた以外は同様にしてＴｉＯ2濃度が２０重量％の有機基含有酸化チタン微粒子(2)分散液を調製した。
得られた有機基含有酸化チタン微粒子(2)について、平均粒子径、結晶形、炭素換算の有機基量を測定し、結果を表に示す。
多孔質金属酸化物半導体膜形成用塗料(2)の調製
実施例１において、有機基含有酸化チタン粒子(2)分散液１００ｇを用いた以外は同様にしてＴｉＯ2濃度が１９重量％の多孔質金属酸化物半導体膜形成用塗料(2)を調製した。
The photoelectric cell (1) is irradiated with light having an intensity of 100 W / m 2 by a solar simulator at an incident angle of 90 ° (90 ° with the cell surface), and Voc (2 hours, 5 hours, and 10 hours later) The voltage in the open circuit state), Joc (density of current flowing when the circuit is short-circuited), FF (curve factor) and η (conversion efficiency) were measured, and the results are shown in Table 1.
[Example 2]
Preparation of organic group-containing titanium oxide fine particles (2) dispersion In Example 1, except that 118.08 g of acetic acid (100% purity) was used, organic group-containing titanium oxide fine particles having a TiO 2 concentration of 20% by weight ( 2) A dispersion was prepared.
The obtained organic group-containing titanium oxide fine particles (2) were measured for average particle diameter, crystal form, and carbon-converted organic group amount, and the results are shown in the table.
Preparation of porous metal oxide semiconductor film-forming coating material (2) In Example 1, a porous material having a TiO 2 concentration of 19% by weight was used except that 100 g of the organic group-containing titanium oxide particle (2) dispersion was used. A paint (2) for forming a metal oxide semiconductor film was prepared.
多孔質金属酸化物半導体膜(2)の形成
実施例１において、多孔質金属酸化物半導体膜形成用塗料(2)を用いた以外は同様にして多孔質金属酸化物半導体膜(2)を形成した。多孔質金属酸化物半導体膜(2)の細孔容積を測定し、結果を表に示す。
光増感材の吸着
実施例１において、酸化チタン薄膜および多孔質金属酸化物半導体膜(2)を形成した透明ガラス基板を用いた以外は同様にして色素を吸着させた。
光電気セル(2)の作成
実施例１と同様にして、前記で調製した電極を一方の電極とし、他方の電極としてフッ素ドープした酸化スズを電極として形成し、その上に白金を担持した透明ガラス基板を対向して配置し、側面を樹脂にてシールし、電極間に上記の電解質溶液を封入し、さらに電極間をリード線で接続して光電気セル(2)を作成した。
Formation of porous metal oxide semiconductor film (2) In Example 1, the porous metal oxide semiconductor film (2) was formed in the same manner except that the paint (2) for forming a porous metal oxide semiconductor film was used. did. The pore volume of the porous metal oxide semiconductor film (2) was measured, and the results are shown in the table.
Adsorption of photosensitizer The dye was adsorbed in the same manner as in Example 1 except that a transparent glass substrate on which a titanium oxide thin film and a porous metal oxide semiconductor film (2) were formed was used.
Production of Photoelectric Cell (2) In the same manner as in Example 1, the electrode prepared as above was used as one electrode, and the other electrode was formed as fluorine-doped tin oxide as an electrode, on which platinum was supported. A glass substrate was placed oppositely, the side surfaces were sealed with resin, the electrolyte solution was sealed between the electrodes, and the electrodes were connected with lead wires to produce a photoelectric cell (2).
光電気セル(2)について、実施例１と同様にＶｏｃ、Ｊｏｃ、ＦＦおよびηを測定し結果を表１に示す。
[実施例3]
有機基含有酸化チタン微粒子(3)分散液の調製
実施例１において、酢酸（純度１００％）２１６．４８ｇを用いた以外は同様にしてＴｉＯ2濃度が２０重量％の有機基含有酸化チタン微粒子(3)分散液を調製した。
得られた有機基含有酸化チタン微粒子(3)について、平均粒子径、結晶形、炭素換算の有機基量を測定し、結果を表に示す。
多孔質金属酸化物半導体膜形成用塗料(3)の調製
実施例１において、有機基含有酸化チタン粒子(3)分散液１００ｇを用いた以外は同様にしてＴｉＯ2濃度が１９重量％の多孔質金属酸化物半導体膜形成用塗料(3)を調製した。
For the photoelectric cell (2), Voc, Joc, FF and η were measured in the same manner as in Example 1, and the results are shown in Table 1.
[Example 3]
Preparation of Organic Group-Containing Titanium Oxide Fine Particles (3) Dispersion In Example 1, except that 216.48 g of acetic acid (purity 100%) was used, organic group-containing titanium oxide fine particles having a TiO 2 concentration of 20% by weight ( 3) A dispersion was prepared.
With respect to the obtained organic group-containing titanium oxide fine particles (3), the average particle diameter, crystal form, and amount of organic group in terms of carbon were measured, and the results are shown in the table.
Preparation of porous metal oxide semiconductor film-forming coating material (3) In Example 1, a porous material having a TiO 2 concentration of 19% by weight was used except that 100 g of the organic group-containing titanium oxide particle (3) dispersion was used. A paint (3) for forming a metal oxide semiconductor film was prepared.
多孔質金属酸化物半導体膜(3)の形成
実施例１において、多孔質金属酸化物半導体膜形成用塗料(3)を用いた以外は同様にして多孔質金属酸化物半導体膜(3)を形成した。多孔質金属酸化物半導体膜(3)の細孔容積を測定し、結果を表１に示す。
光増感材の吸着
実施例１において、酸化チタン薄膜および多孔質金属酸化物半導体膜(3)を形成した透明ガラス基板を用いた以外は同様にして色素を吸着させた。
Formation of porous metal oxide semiconductor film (3) In Example 1, the porous metal oxide semiconductor film (3) was formed in the same manner except that the paint (3) for forming a porous metal oxide semiconductor film was used. did. The pore volume of the porous metal oxide semiconductor film (3) was measured, and the results are shown in Table 1.
Adsorption of photosensitizer The dye was adsorbed in the same manner as in Example 1 except that a transparent glass substrate on which a titanium oxide thin film and a porous metal oxide semiconductor film (3) were used was used.
実施例１と同様にして、前記で調製した電極を一方の電極とし、他方の電極としてフッ素ドープした酸化スズを電極として形成し、その上に白金を担持した透明ガラス基板を対向して配置し、側面を樹脂にてシールし、電極間に上記の電解質溶液を封入し、さらに電極間をリード線で接続して光電気セル(3)を作成した。 In the same manner as in Example 1, the electrode prepared above was used as one electrode, and fluorine-doped tin oxide was formed as the other electrode as an electrode, and a transparent glass substrate carrying platinum thereon was placed facing it. Then, the side surface was sealed with resin, the above electrolyte solution was sealed between the electrodes, and the electrodes were connected with lead wires to produce a photoelectric cell (3).
光電気セル(3)について、実施例１と同様にＶｏｃ、Ｊｏｃ、ＦＦおよびηを測定し結果を表１に示す。
[実施例4]
有機基含有酸化チタン微粒子(5)分散液の調製
実施例１において、酢酸の代わりにアセチルアセトン１２９．６７ｇを用いた以外は同様にしてＴｉＯ2濃度が２０重量％の有機基含有酸化チタン微粒子(4)分散液を調製した。
得られた有機基含有酸化チタン微粒子(4)について、平均粒子径、結晶形、有機基の同定、炭素換算の有機基量を測定し、結果を表に示す。
For the photoelectric cell (3), Voc, Joc, FF and η were measured in the same manner as in Example 1, and the results are shown in Table 1.
[Example 4]
In Preparation Example 1 of the organic group-containing titanium oxide fine particles (5) Dispersion, TiO 2 concentration in the same manner except for using acetylacetone 129.67g instead of acetic acid 20% by weight of an organic-group-containing titanium oxide fine particles (4 ) A dispersion was prepared.
For the obtained organic group-containing titanium oxide fine particles (4), the average particle diameter, crystal form, identification of organic groups, and the amount of organic groups in terms of carbon were measured, and the results are shown in the table.
なお、有機基の同定においては、実施例１の酢酸を用いた場合と同じ波数に吸収が認められたが、これは、酸化チタンの表面酸素が関係していると考えられるが、アセチルアセトンを用いていることからアシル基（アセチル基）で表示した。
多孔質金属酸化物半導体膜形成用塗料(4)の調製
実施例１において、有機基含有酸化チタン粒子(4)分散液１００ｇを用いた以外は同様にしてＴｉＯ2濃度が１９重量％の多孔質金属酸化物半導体膜形成用塗料(4)を調製した。
In the identification of the organic group, absorption was observed at the same wave number as in the case of using acetic acid of Example 1, which is considered to be related to the surface oxygen of titanium oxide, but using acetylacetone. Therefore, it was represented by an acyl group (acetyl group).
Preparation of porous metal oxide semiconductor film-forming coating material (4) In Example 1, porous material having a TiO 2 concentration of 19% by weight was used except that 100 g of the organic group-containing titanium oxide particle (4) dispersion was used. A paint (4) for forming a metal oxide semiconductor film was prepared.
多孔質金属酸化物半導体膜(4)の形成
実施例１において、多孔質金属酸化物半導体膜形成用塗料(4)を用いた以外は同様にして多孔質金属酸化物半導体膜(4)を形成した。多孔質金属酸化物半導体膜(4)の細孔容積を測定し、結果を表に示す。
光増感材の吸着
実施例１において、酸化チタン薄膜および多孔質金属酸化物半導体膜(4)を形成した透明ガラス基板を用いた以外は同様にして色素を吸着させた。
光電気セル(4)の作成
実施例１と同様にして、前記で調製した電極を一方の電極とし、他方の電極としてフッ素ドープした酸化スズを電極として形成し、その上に白金を担持した透明ガラス基板を対向して配置し、側面を樹脂にてシールし、電極間に上記の電解質溶液を封入し、さらに電極間をリード線で接続して光電気セル(4)を作成した。
Formation of porous metal oxide semiconductor film (4) The porous metal oxide semiconductor film (4) was formed in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the paint (4) for forming a porous metal oxide semiconductor film was used. did. The pore volume of the porous metal oxide semiconductor film (4) was measured, and the results are shown in the table.
Adsorption of photosensitizer In Example 1, a dye was adsorbed in the same manner except that a transparent glass substrate on which a titanium oxide thin film and a porous metal oxide semiconductor film (4) were formed was used.
Production of Photoelectric Cell (4) In the same manner as in Example 1, the electrode prepared above was used as one electrode, and the other electrode was formed with fluorine-doped tin oxide as an electrode, on which platinum was supported. A glass substrate was placed oppositely, the side surfaces were sealed with resin, the electrolyte solution was sealed between the electrodes, and the electrodes were connected with lead wires to produce a photoelectric cell (4).
光電気セル(4)について、実施例１と同様にＶｏｃ、Ｊｏｃ、ＦＦおよびηを測定し結果を表１に示す。
[実施例5]
有機基含有酸化チタン微粒子(5)分散液の調製
四塩化チタン溶液(ＴｉＯ2濃度：２７．８％)１８３．５ｇを純水でＴｉＯ2濃度が５％となるまで希釈し、ｐＨが９．３となるように１５％濃度のアンモニア水を加え、よく混合し、酸化チタン水和物ヒドロゲルスラリー(5)を得た。その酸化チタン水和物ヒドロゲルスラリー(5)をろ過洗浄した後、回収したケーキに純水を加えＴｉＯ2濃度５％に調整し、これにテトラメチルアンモニウムヒドロキシド（ＴＭＡＨ）の濃度が０．１重量％となるように、濃度２５重量％のＴＭＡＨ水溶液を加え、さらに有機基源としてアセチルアセトン濃度が０．４５重量％となるようにアセチルアセトンを添加した。その後、オートクレーブにて１７０℃にて２０時間熟成し、ついで、常温に冷却した後、硝酸水溶液を用いてｐＨが１．０となるように調整し、限外濾過膜にてＴｉＯ2濃度が２０重量％となるように濃縮を行い、有機基含有酸化チタン微粒子(5)分散液を調製した。
For the photoelectric cell (4), Voc, Joc, FF and η were measured in the same manner as in Example 1, and the results are shown in Table 1.
[Example 5]
Preparation of organic group-containing titanium oxide fine particle (5) dispersion Titanium tetrachloride solution (TiO 2 concentration: 27.8%) 183.5 g was diluted with pure water until the TiO 2 concentration became 5%, and the pH was 9. Ammonia water having a concentration of 15% was added so as to be 3, and mixed well to obtain a titanium oxide hydrate hydrogel slurry (5). After the titanium oxide hydrate hydrogel slurry (5) was filtered and washed, pure water was added to the recovered cake to adjust the TiO 2 concentration to 5%, and the concentration of tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAH) was 0.1. A TMAH aqueous solution having a concentration of 25% by weight was added so that the concentration was 25% by weight, and acetylacetone was added as an organic group source so that the concentration of acetylacetone was 0.45% by weight. Thereafter, the mixture was aged at 170 ° C. for 20 hours in an autoclave, then cooled to room temperature, adjusted to a pH of 1.0 using an aqueous nitric acid solution, and the TiO 2 concentration was 20 in the ultrafiltration membrane. It concentrated so that it might become weight%, and prepared the organic group containing titanium oxide fine particle (5) dispersion liquid.
得られた有機基含有酸化チタン微粒子(5)について、平均粒子径、結晶形、有機基の同定、炭素換算の有機基量を測定し、結果を表に示す。
多孔質金属酸化物半導体膜形成用塗料(5)の調製
実施例１において、有機基含有酸化チタン粒子(4)分散液１００ｇを用いた以外は同様にしてＴｉＯ2濃度が１９重量％の多孔質金属酸化物半導体膜形成用塗料(4)を調製した。
With respect to the obtained organic group-containing titanium oxide fine particles (5), the average particle diameter, crystal form, identification of organic groups, the amount of organic groups in terms of carbon were measured, and the results are shown in the table.
Preparation of porous metal oxide semiconductor film-forming coating material (5) In Example 1, a porous material having a TiO 2 concentration of 19% by weight was used except that 100 g of the organic group-containing titanium oxide particle (4) dispersion was used. A paint (4) for forming a metal oxide semiconductor film was prepared.
多孔質金属酸化物半導体膜(5)の形成
実施例１において、多孔質金属酸化物半導体膜形成用塗料(5)を用いた以外は同様にして多孔質金属酸化物半導体膜(5)を形成した。多孔質金属酸化物半導体膜(5)の細孔容積を測定し、結果を表に示す。
光増感材の吸着
実施例１において、酸化チタン薄膜および多孔質金属酸化物半導体膜(5)を形成した透明ガラス基板を用いた以外は同様にして色素を吸着させた。
光電気セル(5)の作成
実施例１と同様にして、前記で調製した電極を一方の電極とし、他方の電極としてフッ素ドープした酸化スズを電極として形成し、その上に白金を担持した透明ガラス基板を対向して配置し、側面を樹脂にてシールし、電極間に上記の電解質溶液を封入し、さらに電極間をリード線で接続して光電気セル(5)を作成した。
Formation of porous metal oxide semiconductor film (5) In Example 1, the porous metal oxide semiconductor film (5) was formed in the same manner except that the paint (5) for forming a porous metal oxide semiconductor film was used. did. The pore volume of the porous metal oxide semiconductor film (5) was measured, and the results are shown in the table.
Adsorption of photosensitizer The dye was adsorbed in the same manner as in Example 1 except that a transparent glass substrate on which a titanium oxide thin film and a porous metal oxide semiconductor film (5) were used was used.
Preparation of photoelectric cell (5) In the same manner as in Example 1, the electrode prepared above was used as one electrode, and the other electrode was formed using fluorine-doped tin oxide as an electrode, and platinum was supported thereon. A glass substrate was placed oppositely, the side surfaces were sealed with resin, the electrolyte solution was sealed between the electrodes, and the electrodes were connected with lead wires to produce a photoelectric cell (5).
光電気セル(4)について、実施例１と同様にＶｏｃ、Ｊｏｃ、ＦＦおよびηを測定し結果を表１に示す。
[実施例6]
有機基含有酸化チタン微粒子(6)分散液の調製
実施例５において、アセチルアセトン濃度が０．２０重量％となるようにアセチルアセトンを添加した以外は同様にしてＴｉＯ2濃度が２０重量％の有機基含有酸化チタン微粒子(6)分散液を調製した。
For the photoelectric cell (4), Voc, Joc, FF and η were measured in the same manner as in Example 1, and the results are shown in Table 1.
[Example 6]
In Preparation Example 5 of an organic-group-containing titanium oxide fine particles (6) dispersion, acetylacetone concentration is Similarly TiO 2 concentration of 20% by weight of an organic group containing except for adding acetylacetone so that 0.20 wt% A titanium oxide fine particle (6) dispersion was prepared.
得られた有機基含有酸化チタン微粒子(6)について、平均粒子径、結晶形、有機基の同定、炭素換算の有機基量を測定し、結果を表に示す。
多孔質金属酸化物半導体膜形成用塗料(6)の調製
実施例１において、有機基含有酸化チタン粒子(6)分散液１００ｇを用いた以外は同様にしてＴｉＯ2濃度が１９重量％の多孔質金属酸化物半導体膜形成用塗料(6)を調製した。
For the obtained organic group-containing titanium oxide fine particles (6), the average particle diameter, crystal form, identification of organic group, and amount of organic group in terms of carbon were measured, and the results are shown in the table.
Preparation of porous metal oxide semiconductor film-forming coating material (6) In Example 1, a porous material having a TiO 2 concentration of 19% by weight was used except that 100 g of the organic group-containing titanium oxide particle (6) dispersion was used. A paint (6) for forming a metal oxide semiconductor film was prepared.
多孔質金属酸化物半導体膜(6)の形成
実施例１において、多孔質金属酸化物半導体膜形成用塗料(6)を用いた以外は同様にして多孔質金属酸化物半導体膜(6)を形成した。多孔質金属酸化物半導体膜(6)の細孔容積を測定し、結果を表１に示す。
光増感材の吸着
実施例１において、酸化チタン薄膜および多孔質金属酸化物半導体膜(6)を形成した透明ガラス基板を用いた以外は同様にして色素を吸着させた。
光電気セル(6)の作成
実施例１と同様にして、前記で調製した電極を一方の電極とし、他方の電極としてフッ素ドープした酸化スズを電極として形成し、その上に白金を担持した透明ガラス基板を対向して配置し、側面を樹脂にてシールし、電極間に上記の電解質溶液を封入し、さらに電極間をリード線で接続して光電気セル(6)を作成した。
Formation of porous metal oxide semiconductor film (6) In Example 1, the porous metal oxide semiconductor film (6) was formed in the same manner except that the paint (6) for forming a porous metal oxide semiconductor film was used. did. The pore volume of the porous metal oxide semiconductor film (6) was measured, and the results are shown in Table 1.
Adsorption of photosensitizer The dye was adsorbed in the same manner as in Example 1 except that a transparent glass substrate on which a titanium oxide thin film and a porous metal oxide semiconductor film (6) were formed was used.
Preparation of photoelectric cell (6) In the same manner as in Example 1, the electrode prepared above was used as one electrode, and the other electrode was formed using fluorine-doped tin oxide as an electrode, on which platinum was supported. A glass substrate was placed oppositely, the side surfaces were sealed with resin, the electrolyte solution was sealed between the electrodes, and the electrodes were connected with lead wires to produce a photoelectric cell (6).
光電気セル(6)について、実施例１と同様にＶｏｃ、Ｊｏｃ、ＦＦおよびηを測定し結果を表１に示す。
[実施例7]
有機基含有酸化チタン微粒子(7)分散液の調製
実施例５において、アセチルアセトン濃度が１．４５重量％となるようにアセチルアセトンを添加した以外は同様にしてＴｉＯ2濃度が２０重量％の有機基含有酸化チタン微粒子(7)分散液を調製した。
For the photoelectric cell (6), Voc, Joc, FF and η were measured in the same manner as in Example 1, and the results are shown in Table 1.
[Example 7]
In Preparation Example 5 of an organic-group-containing titanium oxide fine particles (7) dispersion, acetylacetone concentration is Similarly TiO 2 concentration of 20% by weight of an organic group containing except for adding acetylacetone so that 1.45 wt% A titanium oxide fine particle (7) dispersion was prepared.
得られた有機基含有酸化チタン微粒子(7)について、平均粒子径、結晶形、有機基の同定、炭素換算の有機基量を測定し、結果を表に示す。
多孔質金属酸化物半導体膜形成用塗料(7)の調製
実施例１において、有機基含有酸化チタン粒子(7)分散液１００ｇを用いた以外は同様にしてＴｉＯ2濃度が１９重量％の多孔質金属酸化物半導体膜形成用塗料(7)を調製した。
With respect to the obtained organic group-containing titanium oxide fine particles (7), the average particle diameter, crystal form, identification of organic group, and amount of organic group in terms of carbon were measured, and the results are shown in the table.
Preparation of porous metal oxide semiconductor film-forming coating material (7) In Example 1, a porous material having a TiO 2 concentration of 19% by weight was used except that 100 g of the organic group-containing titanium oxide particle (7) dispersion was used. A paint (7) for forming a metal oxide semiconductor film was prepared.
多孔質金属酸化物半導体膜(7)の形成
実施例１において、多孔質金属酸化物半導体膜形成用塗料(7)を用いた以外は同様にして多孔質金属酸化物半導体膜(7)を形成した。多孔質金属酸化物半導体膜(7)の細孔容積を測定し、結果を表に示す。
光増感材の吸着
実施例１において、酸化チタン薄膜および多孔質金属酸化物半導体膜(7)を形成した透明ガラス基板を用いた以外は同様にして色素を吸着させた。
光電気セル(7)の作成
実施例１と同様にして、前記で調製した電極を一方の電極とし、他方の電極としてフッ素ドープした酸化スズを電極として形成し、その上に白金を担持した透明ガラス基板を対向して配置し、側面を樹脂にてシールし、電極間に上記の電解質溶液を封入し、さらに電極間をリード線で接続して光電気セル(7)を作成した。
Formation of porous metal oxide semiconductor film (7) In Example 1, the porous metal oxide semiconductor film (7) was formed in the same manner except that the paint (7) for forming a porous metal oxide semiconductor film was used. did. The pore volume of the porous metal oxide semiconductor film (7) was measured, and the results are shown in the table.
Adsorption of photosensitizer The dye was adsorbed in the same manner as in Example 1 except that a transparent glass substrate on which a titanium oxide thin film and a porous metal oxide semiconductor film (7) were used was used.
Preparation of photoelectric cell (7) In the same manner as in Example 1, the electrode prepared above was used as one electrode, and the other electrode was formed with fluorine-doped tin oxide as an electrode, on which platinum was supported. A glass substrate was placed oppositely, the side surfaces were sealed with resin, the electrolyte solution was sealed between the electrodes, and the electrodes were connected with lead wires to produce a photoelectric cell (7).
光電気セル(7)について、実施例１と同様にＶｏｃ、Ｊｏｃ、ＦＦおよびηを測定し結果を表１に示す。
[実施例8]
有機基含有酸化チタン微粒子(8)分散液の調製
実施例１と同様にして調製した洗浄酸化チタン水和物ヒドロゲルスラリー(1)をオートクレーブにて、２３５℃で１２時間熟成し、ついで、常温に冷却した後、硝酸水溶液を用いてｐＨが３．５となるように調整し、限外濾過膜にてＴｉＯ2濃度が２０重量％となるように濃縮を行い、有機基含有酸化チタン微粒子(8)分散液を調製した。
For the photoelectric cell (7), Voc, Joc, FF and η were measured in the same manner as in Example 1, and the results are shown in Table 1.
[Example 8]
Preparation of organic group-containing titanium oxide fine particle (8) dispersion The washed titanium oxide hydrate hydrogel slurry (1) prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 was aged in an autoclave at 235C for 12 hours, Next, after cooling to room temperature, the pH is adjusted to 3.5 using an aqueous nitric acid solution, and concentration is carried out with an ultrafiltration membrane so that the TiO 2 concentration becomes 20 wt%, and organic group-containing oxidation is performed. A titanium fine particle (8) dispersion was prepared.
得られた有機基含有酸化チタン微粒子(8)について、平均粒子径、結晶形、有機基の同定、炭素換算の有機基量を測定し、結果を表に示す。
多孔質金属酸化物半導体膜形成用塗料(8)の調製
実施例１において、有機基含有酸化チタン粒子(8)分散液１００ｇを用いた以外は同様にしてＴｉＯ2濃度が１９重量％の多孔質金属酸化物半導体膜形成用塗料(8)を調製した。
For the obtained organic group-containing titanium oxide fine particles (8), the average particle diameter, crystal form, identification of organic groups, and the amount of organic groups in terms of carbon were measured, and the results are shown in the table.
Preparation of porous metal oxide semiconductor film-forming coating material (8) In Example 1, a porous material having a TiO 2 concentration of 19% by weight was used except that 100 g of the organic group-containing titanium oxide particle (8) dispersion was used. A paint (8) for forming a metal oxide semiconductor film was prepared.
多孔質金属酸化物半導体膜(8)の形成
実施例１において、多孔質金属酸化物半導体膜形成用塗料(8)を用いた以外は同様にして多孔質金属酸化物半導体膜(8)を形成した。多孔質金属酸化物半導体膜(8)の細孔容積を測定し、結果を表に示す。
光増感材の吸着
実施例１において、酸化チタン薄膜および多孔質金属酸化物半導体膜(8)を形成した透明ガラス基板を用いた以外は同様にして色素を吸着させた。
光電気セル(8)の作成
実施例１と同様にして、前記で調製した電極を一方の電極とし、他方の電極としてフッ素ドープした酸化スズを電極として形成し、その上に白金を担持した透明ガラス基板を対向して配置し、側面を樹脂にてシールし、電極間に上記の電解質溶液を封入し、さらに電極間をリード線で接続して光電気セル(8)を作成した。
Formation of porous metal oxide semiconductor film (8) In Example 1, the porous metal oxide semiconductor film (8) was formed in the same manner except that the paint (8) for forming a porous metal oxide semiconductor film was used. did. The pore volume of the porous metal oxide semiconductor film (8) was measured, and the results are shown in the table.
Adsorption of photosensitizer The dye was adsorbed in the same manner as in Example 1 except that a transparent glass substrate on which a titanium oxide thin film and a porous metal oxide semiconductor film (8) were formed was used.
Preparation of photoelectric cell (8) In the same manner as in Example 1, the electrode prepared above was used as one electrode, and the other electrode was formed as fluorine-doped tin oxide as an electrode, on which platinum was supported. A glass substrate was placed face to face, the side surfaces were sealed with resin, the electrolyte solution was sealed between the electrodes, and the electrodes were connected with lead wires to produce a photoelectric cell (8).
光電気セル(8)について、実施例１と同様にＶｏｃ、Ｊｏｃ、ＦＦおよびηを測定し結果を表１に示す。
[実施例9]
有機基含有酸化チタン微粒子(9)分散液の調製
実施例１と同様にしてＴｉＯ2濃度が５重量％の、洗浄酸化チタン水和物ヒドロゲルスラリー(2)を得た。
For the photoelectric cell (8), Voc, Joc, FF and η were measured in the same manner as in Example 1, and the results are shown in Table 1.
[Example 9]
Preparation of organic group-containing titanium oxide fine particle (9) dispersion As in Example 1, a washed titanium oxide hydrate hydrogel slurry (2) having a TiO 2 concentration of 5% by weight was obtained.
ついで、洗浄酸化チタン水和物ヒドロゲルスラリー(2)をオートクレーブにて、２５５℃で２０時間熟成し、ついで、常温に冷却した後、硝酸水溶液を用いてｐＨが３．５となるように調整し、限外濾過膜にてＴｉＯ2濃度が２０重量％となるように濃縮を行い、有機基含有酸化チタン微粒子(9)分散液を調製した。 Next, the washed titanium oxide hydrate hydrogel slurry (2) was aged in an autoclave at 255 ° C. for 20 hours, then cooled to room temperature, and adjusted to a pH of 3.5 using an aqueous nitric acid solution. Then, concentration was performed with an ultrafiltration membrane so that the TiO 2 concentration became 20% by weight to prepare an organic group-containing titanium oxide fine particle (9) dispersion.
得られた有機基含有酸化チタン微粒子(9)について、平均粒子径、結晶形、有機基の同定、炭素換算の有機基量を測定し、結果を表に示す。
多孔質金属酸化物半導体膜形成用塗料(9)の調製
実施例１において、有機基含有酸化チタン粒子(9)分散液１００ｇを用いた以外は同様にしてＴｉＯ2濃度が１９重量％の多孔質金属酸化物半導体膜形成用塗料(9)を調製した。
For the obtained organic group-containing titanium oxide fine particles (9), the average particle diameter, crystal form, identification of organic groups, and the amount of organic groups in terms of carbon were measured, and the results are shown in the table.
Preparation of porous metal oxide semiconductor film-forming coating material (9) In Example 1, a porous material having a TiO 2 concentration of 19% by weight was used except that 100 g of the organic group-containing titanium oxide particle (9) dispersion was used. A paint (9) for forming a metal oxide semiconductor film was prepared.
多孔質金属酸化物半導体膜(9)の形成
実施例１において、多孔質金属酸化物半導体膜形成用塗料(9)を用いた以外は同様にして多孔質金属酸化物半導体膜(9)を形成した。多孔質金属酸化物半導体膜(9)の細孔容積を測定し、結果を表に示す。
光増感材の吸着
実施例１において、酸化チタン薄膜および多孔質金属酸化物半導体膜(9)を形成した透明ガラス基板を用いた以外は同様にして色素を吸着させた。
光電気セル(9)の作成
実施例１と同様にして、前記で調製した電極を一方の電極とし、他方の電極としてフッ素ドープした酸化スズを電極として形成し、その上に白金を担持した透明ガラス基板を対向して配置し、側面を樹脂にてシールし、電極間に上記の電解質溶液を封入し、さらに電極間をリード線で接続して光電気セル(9)を作成した。
Formation of porous metal oxide semiconductor film (9) In Example 1, the porous metal oxide semiconductor film (9) was formed in the same manner except that the paint (9) for forming a porous metal oxide semiconductor film was used. did. The pore volume of the porous metal oxide semiconductor film (9) was measured, and the results are shown in the table.
Adsorption of photosensitizer The dye was adsorbed in the same manner as in Example 1 except that a transparent glass substrate on which a titanium oxide thin film and a porous metal oxide semiconductor film (9) were formed was used.
Preparation of photoelectric cell (9) In the same manner as in Example 1, the electrode prepared above was used as one electrode, and the other electrode was formed using fluorine-doped tin oxide as an electrode, on which platinum was supported. A glass substrate was placed face to face, the side surfaces were sealed with resin, the electrolyte solution was sealed between the electrodes, and the electrodes were connected with lead wires to produce a photoelectric cell (9).
光電気セル(9)について、実施例１と同様にＶｏｃ、Ｊｏｃ、ＦＦおよびηを測定し結果を表１に示す。
[実施例10]
ペルオキシチタン酸コーティング液(1)の調製
１８．３ｇの４塩化チタンを純水で希釈してＴｉＯ2として１．０重量％含有する水溶液を得た。これを撹拌しながら、濃度１５重量％のアンモニア水を添加し、ｐＨ９．５の白色スラリーを得た。このスラリーを濾過洗浄し、ＴｉＯ2として濃度１０．２重量％の水和酸化チタンゲルのケーキを得た。このケーキと濃度５％過酸化水素液４００ｇを混合し、ついで８０℃で２時間加熱して溶解し、ＴｉＯ2として濃度１．０重量％のペルオキソチタン酸水溶液(1)を得た。さらに、ＴｉＯ２濃度０．５％、エチレングリコール濃度２０％となるように水およびペルオキソチタン酸水溶液にエチレングリコールを加えペルオキソチタン酸コーティング液(1)を得た。
For the photoelectric cell (9), Voc, Joc, FF and η were measured in the same manner as in Example 1, and the results are shown in Table 1.
[Example 10]
Preparation of Peroxytitanic Acid Coating Liquid (1) 18.3 g of titanium tetrachloride was diluted with pure water to obtain an aqueous solution containing 1.0% by weight as TiO 2 . While stirring this, ammonia water having a concentration of 15% by weight was added to obtain a white slurry having a pH of 9.5. This slurry was washed by filtration to obtain a hydrated titanium oxide gel cake having a concentration of 10.2% by weight as TiO 2 . This cake was mixed with 400 g of a 5% hydrogen peroxide solution and dissolved by heating at 80 ° C. for 2 hours to obtain a 1.0 wt% aqueous peroxotitanic acid solution (1) as TiO 2 . Further, ethylene glycol was added to water and a peroxotitanic acid aqueous solution so that the TiO2 concentration was 0.5% and the ethylene glycol concentration was 20% to obtain a peroxotitanic acid coating solution (1).
酸化チタン薄膜(1)の形成
ペルオキソチタン酸コーティング溶液(1)をフッ素ドープした酸化スズを電極として形成した透明ガラス基板にフレキソ印刷法で塗布し、自然乾燥し、引き続き低圧水銀ランプを用いて６０００ｍＪ／ｃｍ2の紫外線を照射してペルオキソ酸を分解させ、膜を硬化させた。さらに、４５０℃で３０分間加熱して硬化およびアニーリングを行って酸化チタン薄膜(1)を形成した。
Formation of Titanium Oxide Thin Film (1) A peroxotitanic acid coating solution (1) was coated on a transparent glass substrate formed with fluorine-doped tin oxide as an electrode by flexographic printing, dried naturally, and then 6000 mJ using a low-pressure mercury lamp. The film was cured by irradiating UV light of / cm 2 to decompose the peroxoacid. Furthermore, the titanium oxide thin film (1) was formed by heating and curing at 450 ° C. for 30 minutes for curing and annealing.
得られた酸化チタン薄膜(1)の膜厚は４０ｎｍ、窒素吸着法によって求めた細孔容積は０．１２ｍｌ／ｇ、平均細孔径は２ｎｍであった。
多孔質金属酸化物半導体膜(10)の形成
実施例１と同様にして調製した多孔質金属酸化物半導体膜形成用塗料(1)をスクリーン印刷法により、酸化チタン薄膜(1)上に１４μｍの膜厚となるように印刷-１２０℃での乾燥-冷却を繰返した後、光散乱層形成のためチタニアペーストＰＳＴ−４００Ｃ(日揮触媒化成株式会社製)を用いてスクリーン印刷法により、４μｍの膜厚となるように印刷-１２０℃での乾燥を行い、４５０℃にて１時間焼成し多孔質金属酸化物半導体膜(10)を形成した。多孔質金属酸化物半導体膜(10)の細孔容積は多孔質金属酸化物半導体膜(1)と同じとして表に示す。
光増感材の吸着
実施例１において、酸化チタン薄膜および多孔質金属酸化物半導体膜(10)を形成した透明ガラス基板を用いた以外は同様にして色素を吸着させた。
光電気セル(10)の作成
実施例１と同様にして、前記で調製した電極を一方の電極とし、他方の電極としてフッ素ドープした酸化スズを電極として形成し、その上に白金を担持した透明ガラス基板を対向して配置し、側面を樹脂にてシールし、電極間に上記の電解質溶液を封入し、さらに電極間をリード線で接続して光電気セル(10)を作成した。
The obtained titanium oxide thin film (1) had a thickness of 40 nm, a pore volume determined by a nitrogen adsorption method of 0.12 ml / g, and an average pore diameter of 2 nm.
Formation of Porous Metal Oxide Semiconductor Film (10) A porous metal oxide semiconductor film-forming coating material (1) prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 was coated on the titanium oxide thin film (1) to 14 μm by screen printing. After repeating printing-drying at 120 ° C. to form a film thickness-cooling, a 4 μm film was formed by screen printing using titania paste PST-400C (manufactured by JGC Catalysts & Chemicals Co., Ltd.) for light scattering layer formation. Printing was performed at a printing thickness of 120 ° C. so as to be thick, followed by baking at 450 ° C. for 1 hour to form a porous metal oxide semiconductor film (10). The pore volume of the porous metal oxide semiconductor film (10) is shown in the table as being the same as that of the porous metal oxide semiconductor film (1).
Adsorption of photosensitizer The dye was adsorbed in the same manner as in Example 1 except that a transparent glass substrate on which a titanium oxide thin film and a porous metal oxide semiconductor film (10) were used was used.
Production of photoelectric cell (10) In the same manner as in Example 1, the electrode prepared above was used as one electrode, and the other electrode was formed as fluorine-doped tin oxide as an electrode, on which platinum was supported. A glass substrate was placed oppositely, the side surfaces were sealed with resin, the electrolyte solution was sealed between the electrodes, and the electrodes were connected with lead wires to produce a photoelectric cell (10).
光電気セル(10)について、実施例１と同様にＶｏｃ、Ｊｏｃ、ＦＦおよびηを測定し結果を表１に示す。
[実施例11]
有機基含有酸化チタン粒子(11)分散液の調製
酸化チタン基体粒子用酸化チタン粒子分散液（触媒化成工業（株）製：ＨＰＷ−４００Ｃ、平均粒子径４００ｎｍ、ＴiＯ2濃度２０重量％）６０ｇと、実施例１と同様にして調製したＴｉＯ2濃度が２０重量％の有機基含有酸化チタン微粒子(1)分散液４０ｇとを混合し、合計のＴiＯ2濃度を７．５重量％となるように調整し、これをオートクレーブにて、２３５℃で８時間水熱処理した。ついで、限外濾過膜法で濃縮してＴiＯ2濃度２０重量％の有機基含有酸化チタン粒子(11)分散液を調製した。
For the photoelectric cell (10), Voc, Joc, FF and η were measured in the same manner as in Example 1, and the results are shown in Table 1.
[Example 11]
Preparation of Organic Group-Containing Titanium Oxide Particle (11) Dispersion Titanium Oxide Particle Dispersion for Titanium Oxide Base Particles (Catalyst Chemical Industries, Ltd .: HPW-400C, Average Particle Diameter 400 nm, TiO 2 Concentration 20% by Weight) Then, 40 g of organic group-containing titanium oxide fine particles (1) dispersion having a TiO 2 concentration of 20% by weight prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 is mixed so that the total TiO 2 concentration becomes 7.5% by weight. This was hydrothermally treated at 235 ° C. for 8 hours in an autoclave. Subsequently, it was concentrated by an ultrafiltration membrane method to prepare an organic group-containing titanium oxide particle (11) dispersion having a TiO 2 concentration of 20% by weight.
得られた有機基含有酸化チタン微粒子(11)について、平均粒子径、結晶形、有機基の同定、炭素換算の有機基量を測定し、結果を表に示す。なお、有機基量は有機基含有酸化チタン微粒子(1)と同じとした。
多孔質金属酸化物半導体膜形成用塗料(11)の調製
実施例１において、有機基含有酸化チタン粒子(11)分散液１００ｇを用いた以外は同様にしてＴｉＯ2濃度が１９重量％の多孔質金属酸化物半導体膜形成用塗料(11)を調製した。
With respect to the obtained organic group-containing titanium oxide fine particles (11), the average particle diameter, crystal form, identification of organic groups, the amount of organic groups in terms of carbon were measured, and the results are shown in the table. The amount of organic groups was the same as that of the organic group-containing titanium oxide fine particles (1).
Preparation of porous metal oxide semiconductor film-forming coating material (11) In Example 1, a porous material having a TiO 2 concentration of 19% by weight was used except that 100 g of the organic group-containing titanium oxide particle (11) dispersion was used. A paint (11) for forming a metal oxide semiconductor film was prepared.
酸化チタン薄膜(1)の形成
実施例１０と同様にしてペルオキソチタン酸コーティング溶液(1)をフッ素ドープした酸化スズを電極として形成した透明ガラス基板にフレキソ印刷法で塗布し、自然乾燥し、引き続き低圧水銀ランプを用いて６０００ｍＪ／ｃｍ2の紫外線を照射してペルオキソ酸を分解させ、膜を硬化させた。さらに、４５０℃で３０分間加熱して硬化およびアニーリングを行って酸化チタン薄膜(1)を形成した。
Formation of titanium oxide thin film (1) In the same manner as in Example 10, a peroxotitanate coating solution (1) was applied to a transparent glass substrate formed with fluorine-doped tin oxide as an electrode by flexographic printing. The film was dried and subsequently irradiated with 6000 mJ / cm 2 of ultraviolet light using a low-pressure mercury lamp to decompose the peroxoacid, and the film was cured. Furthermore, the titanium oxide thin film (1) was formed by heating and curing at 450 ° C. for 30 minutes for curing and annealing.
多孔質金属酸化物半導体膜(11)の形成
実施例１０において、多孔質金属酸化物半導体膜形成用塗料(1)の代わりに多孔質金属酸化物半導体膜形成用塗料(11)をスクリーン印刷法により、酸化チタン薄膜(1)に１４μｍの膜厚となるように印刷-１２０℃での乾燥-冷却を繰返した後、光散乱層形成のためチタニアペーストＰＳＴ−４００Ｃ(日揮触媒化成株式会社製)を用いてスクリーン印刷法により、４μｍの膜厚となるように印刷-１２０℃での乾燥を行い、４５０℃にて１時間焼成し多孔質金属酸化物半導体膜(11)を形成した。多孔質金属酸化物半導体膜(11)の細孔容積を測定し、結果を表１に示す。
光増感材の吸着
実施例１において、酸化チタン薄膜および多孔質金属酸化物半導体膜(11)を形成した透明ガラス基板を用いた以外は同様にして色素を吸着させた。
光電気セル(11)の作成
実施例１と同様にして、前記で調製した電極を一方の電極とし、他方の電極としてフッ素ドープした酸化スズを電極として形成し、その上に白金を担持した透明ガラス基板を対向して配置し、側面を樹脂にてシールし、電極間に上記の電解質溶液を封入し、さらに電極間をリード線で接続して光電気セル(11)を作成した。
Formation of Porous Metal Oxide Semiconductor Film (11) In Example 10, instead of the porous metal oxide semiconductor film forming paint (1), the porous metal oxide semiconductor film forming paint (11) was screen printed. After repeating printing-drying at 120.degree. C. and cooling to a thickness of 14 .mu.m on the titanium oxide thin film (1), titania paste PST-400C (manufactured by JGC Catalysts & Chemicals Co., Ltd.) for light scattering layer formation. Was printed at −120 ° C. to a film thickness of 4 μm by screen printing, and baked at 450 ° C. for 1 hour to form a porous metal oxide semiconductor film (11). The pore volume of the porous metal oxide semiconductor film (11) was measured, and the results are shown in Table 1.
Adsorption of photosensitizer In Example 1, a dye was adsorbed in the same manner except that a transparent glass substrate on which a titanium oxide thin film and a porous metal oxide semiconductor film (11) were formed was used.
Production of Photoelectric Cell (11) In the same manner as in Example 1, the electrode prepared above was used as one electrode, and the other electrode was formed using fluorine-doped tin oxide as an electrode, on which platinum was supported. A glass substrate was placed oppositely, the side surfaces were sealed with resin, the electrolyte solution was sealed between the electrodes, and the electrodes were connected with lead wires to produce a photoelectric cell (11).
光電気セル(11)について、実施例１と同様にＶｏｃ、Ｊｏｃ、ＦＦおよびηを測定し結果を表１に示す。
[比較例１]
多孔質金属酸化物半導体膜(R1)の形成
実施例１において、多孔質金属酸化物半導体膜形成用塗料(1)の代わりにチタニアペーストＰＳＴ−１８ＮＲ(日揮触媒化成(株)製：ＴｉＯ2濃度１７．３％、平均粒子径２０ｎｍ、酸化チタン粒子は有機基を含まない)を用いた以外は同様にして多孔質金属酸化物半導体膜(R1)を形成した。多孔質金属酸化物半導体膜(R1)の細孔容積を測定し、結果を表に示す。
光増感材の吸着
実施例１において、酸化チタン薄膜および多孔質金属酸化物半導体膜(R1)を形成した透明ガラス基板を用いた以外は同様にして色素を吸着させた。
光電気セル(R1)の作成
実施例１と同様にして、前記で調製した電極を一方の電極とし、他方の電極としてフッ素ドープした酸化スズを電極として形成し、その上に白金を担持した透明ガラス基板を対向して配置し、側面を樹脂にてシールし、電極間に上記の電解質溶液を封入し、さらに電極間をリード線で接続して光電気セル(R1)を作成した。
For the photoelectric cell (11), Voc, Joc, FF and η were measured in the same manner as in Example 1, and the results are shown in Table 1.
[Comparative Example 1]
Formation of Porous Metal Oxide Semiconductor Film (R1) In Example 1, titania paste PST-18NR (manufactured by JGC Catalysts & Chemicals Co., Ltd .: TiO 2 concentration instead of the porous metal oxide semiconductor film forming paint (1)) A porous metal oxide semiconductor film (R1) was formed in the same manner except that 17.3%, an average particle diameter of 20 nm, and titanium oxide particles did not contain an organic group. The pore volume of the porous metal oxide semiconductor film (R1) was measured, and the results are shown in the table.
Adsorption of photosensitizer In Example 1, a dye was adsorbed in the same manner except that a transparent glass substrate on which a titanium oxide thin film and a porous metal oxide semiconductor film (R1) were formed was used.
Preparation of photoelectric cell (R1) In the same manner as in Example 1, the electrode prepared as above was used as one electrode, and the other electrode was formed as fluorine-doped tin oxide as an electrode. A glass substrate was placed oppositely, the side surfaces were sealed with resin, the electrolyte solution was sealed between the electrodes, and the electrodes were connected with lead wires to produce a photoelectric cell (R1).
光電気セル(R1)について、実施例１と同様にＶｏｃ、Ｊｏｃ、ＦＦおよびηを測定し結果を表１に示す。
[比較例2]
多孔質金属酸化物半導体膜(R2)の形成
有機基含有酸化チタン微粒子(R1)分散液の調製
実施例１において、有機基源として酢酸（純度１００％）７．８ｇを用いた以外は同様にして有機基含有酸化チタン微粒子(R1)分散液を調製した。
得られた有機基含有酸化チタン微粒子(R1)について、平均粒子径、結晶形、有機基の同定、炭素換算の有機基量を測定し、結果を表に示す。
多孔質金属酸化物半導体膜形成用塗料(R2)の調製
実施例１において、有機基含有酸化チタン粒子(R1)分散液１００ｇを用いた以外は同様にしてＴｉＯ2濃度が１９重量％の多孔質金属酸化物半導体膜形成用塗料(R2)を調製した。
For the photoelectric cell (R1), Voc, Joc, FF and η were measured in the same manner as in Example 1, and the results are shown in Table 1.
[Comparative Example 2]
Formation of porous metal oxide semiconductor film (R2)
Preparation of organic group-containing titanium oxide fine particles (R1) dispersion In Example 1, except that 7.8 g of acetic acid (purity 100%) was used as the organic group source, organic group-containing titanium oxide fine particles ( R1) A dispersion was prepared.
The obtained organic group-containing titanium oxide fine particles (R1) were measured for average particle diameter, crystal form, identification of organic group, and amount of organic group in terms of carbon, and the results are shown in the table.
Preparation of porous metal oxide semiconductor film-forming coating material (R2) In Example 1, a porous material having a TiO 2 concentration of 19% by weight was used except that 100 g of the organic group-containing titanium oxide particle (R1) dispersion was used. A metal oxide semiconductor film-forming paint (R2) was prepared.
多孔質金属酸化物半導体膜(R2)の形成
実施例１において、多孔質金属酸化物半導体膜形成用塗料(R2)を用いた以外は同様にして多孔質金属酸化物半導体膜(R2)を形成した。多孔質金属酸化物半導体膜(R2)の細孔容積を測定し、結果を表に示す。
光増感材の吸着
実施例１において、酸化チタン薄膜および多孔質金属酸化物半導体膜(R2)を形成した透明ガラス基板を用いた以外は同様にして色素を吸着させた。
光電気セル(R2)の作成
実施例１と同様にして、前記で調製した電極を一方の電極とし、他方の電極としてフッ素ドープした酸化スズを電極として形成し、その上に白金を担持した透明ガラス基板を対向して配置し、側面を樹脂にてシールし、電極間に上記の電解質溶液を封入し、さらに電極間をリード線で接続して光電気セル(R2)を作成した。
Formation of porous metal oxide semiconductor film (R2) In Example 1, the porous metal oxide semiconductor film (R2) was formed in the same manner except that the coating material (R2) for forming the porous metal oxide semiconductor film was used. did. The pore volume of the porous metal oxide semiconductor film (R2) was measured, and the results are shown in the table.
Adsorption of photosensitizer In Example 1, a dye was adsorbed in the same manner except that a transparent glass substrate on which a titanium oxide thin film and a porous metal oxide semiconductor film (R2) were formed was used.
Preparation of photoelectric cell (R2) In the same manner as in Example 1, the electrode prepared above was used as one electrode, and the other electrode was formed using fluorine-doped tin oxide as an electrode, and platinum was supported thereon. A glass substrate was placed oppositely, the side surfaces were sealed with resin, the electrolyte solution was sealed between the electrodes, and the electrodes were connected with lead wires to form a photoelectric cell (R2).
光電気セル(R2)について、実施例１と同様にＶｏｃ、Ｊｏｃ、ＦＦおよびηを測定し結果を表１に示す。
For the photoelectric cell (R2), Voc, Joc, FF and η were measured in the same manner as in Example 1, and the results are shown in Table 1.
Claims (6)
前記電極層(1)および電極層(2)が対向するように配置してなり、
多孔質金属酸化物半導体膜(1)と電極層(2)との間に電解質層を設けてなる光電気セルにおいて、
多孔質金属酸化物半導体膜(1)が、有機基含有酸化チタン粒子を含んでなり、
該有機基がアシル基、アロイル基、アルコキシ基、カルボキシレート基からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも１種であることを特徴とする光電気セル。 A substrate (1) having an electrode layer (1) on the surface and a porous metal oxide semiconductor film (1) having a photosensitizer adsorbed on the surface of the electrode layer (1); A substrate (2) having an electrode layer (2),
The electrode layer (1) and the electrode layer (2) are arranged so as to face each other,
In the photoelectric cell comprising an electrolyte layer between the porous metal oxide semiconductor film (1) and the electrode layer (2),
The porous metal oxide semiconductor film (1) comprises organic group-containing titanium oxide particles,
The photoelectric cell, wherein the organic group is at least one selected from the group consisting of an acyl group, an aroyl group, an alkoxy group, and a carboxylate group.
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| JP2004146664A (en) * | 2002-10-25 | 2004-05-20 | Seiko Epson Corp | Photoelectric conversion element |
| JP2006210341A (en) * | 2005-01-24 | 2006-08-10 | Samsung Electronics Co Ltd | Photoelectrode, its manufacturing method and solar cell adopting the photoelectrode |
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