JP2013040054A - Carbide and method for producing the carbide - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method for producing carbide, with which the decomposed gas or the like of an organic substance is prevented from being discharged in the atmosphere, and carbide is obtained with a high yield, and moreover which is excellent in production efficiency.SOLUTION: In the method for producing carbide, the organic substance is carbonized by heating the organic substance with water vapor, and in addition the carbide produced by carbonization of the organic substance is activated. By the heating with water vapor, the carbide obtained by the carbonization of the organic substance is activated with the water vapor as an activating gas, and carbonization treatment and activation treatment are continuously or simultaneously performed with one consecutive process.

Description

  The present invention relates to activated carbides such as activated carbon and a method for producing the same.

  Charcoal such as activated carbon is used for decolorization / deodorization / purification of drinking water such as tap water and chemicals, gas purification, gas component adsorption, gas separation, and pharmaceutical adsorbents. Carbides are used as negative electrode materials and current collectors for batteries such as lithium ion batteries, capacitors, and fuel cells. Further, carbide is also used as an electrically conductive filler. All of these carbides are activated to enhance their functions and actions.

  The activated carbide as described above is generally produced by carbonizing an organic substance and then activating the obtained carbide (see, for example, Patent Document 1).

  In other words, organic materials are first heated in a continuous manner using a swirling fluidized furnace, vertical internal / externally heated fluidized furnace, two-stage fluidized furnace, rotary shell furnace, multi-stage furnace, etc. It heats by the method of heating, and carbonizes (carbonizes).

  After carbonizing the organic material in this way, an activation treatment is performed to develop the pore structure of the carbide and further increase the specific surface area. The activation treatment method includes a gas activation method in which a carbide reacts with an oxidizing gas such as water vapor, carbon dioxide, and air at a high temperature, and impregnation with chemicals such as zinc chloride, phosphoric acid, and potassium hydroxide in an uncarburized substance. There is a chemical activation method in which activation is performed at the same time. However, since the chemical activation method requires labor such as treatment with a chemical and recovery of the chemical, activation treatment is often performed by a gas activation method.

JP 2006-188366 A

  When carbonizing an organic substance as described above and then producing the carbide by activating with a gas activation method, pyrolysis gas will be released to the atmosphere in large quantities by the thermal decomposition of the organic substance during carbonization or activation. In particular, when the organic substance is a resin such as a phenol resin, harmful tar and pitch components may be released to pollute the atmosphere, and there is a risk of flammable explosion due to volatile substances. For this reason, equipment for recovering the pyrolysis gas has to be introduced, which has the problem of increasing costs. In addition, when carbonizing organic matter, in order to suppress the combustion of the organic matter and the carbide obtained by carbonizing the organic matter to increase the yield, an inert gas such as nitrogen or argon is blown or heated in a state coated with coke. By doing so, it is necessary to shut off oxygen in the air. In this respect as well, there is a problem that the cost increases and the number of work steps increases. Furthermore, since the carbonization step and the activation step are performed in separate steps, there is a problem in terms of productivity.

  The present invention has been made in view of the above points, and it is possible to prevent the decomposition gas of organic matter and the like from being released into the atmosphere, to obtain a carbide in a high yield, and to improve the production efficiency. An object of the present invention is to provide an excellent method for producing carbide.

  The manufacturing method of the carbide | carbonized_material which concerns on this invention heats an organic substance with water vapor | steam, carbonizes an organic substance, and also activates the carbide | carbonized_material by which the organic substance was carbonized.

  Since water vapor has a high latent heat of condensation, when the water vapor contacts the surface of the organic matter, this latent heat is transferred to the organic matter, and the organic matter can be quickly heated from the surface to the inside, and it is efficient in a short time. It is possible to carbonize the organic matter highly, and by continuing heating with water vapor, the carbonized material obtained by carbonizing the organic material can be activated using water vapor as an activation gas. Carbonization treatment is performed in one continuous process. The activation treatment can be carried out subsequently or simultaneously, and activated carbide can be produced with high production efficiency. Then, by supplying water vapor to the organic material and heating it, the organic material can be heated in an atmosphere excluding oxygen, suppressing the consumption of the organic material and carbide by combustion, It can be obtained with a high yield. Furthermore, even if decomposition gas or volatile matter is generated from organic substances during carbonization or activation, the decomposition gas or volatile matter is taken into the water vapor and can be suppressed from being released into the atmosphere.

  And this invention sets the said organic substance in the heat processing apparatus, blows water vapor | steam in this heat processing apparatus, and heats by the condensation latent heat of water vapor | steam, carbonizes organic substance, and also activates the carbide | carbonized_material by which the organic substance was carbonized. It is characterized by this.

  In this way, by setting an organic substance in the heat treatment device and blowing water vapor, it is possible to expel air in the heat treatment device with the water vapor blown into the heat treatment device and make the atmosphere lean in oxygen, burning organic matter and carbide It is possible to obtain a carbide with a high yield by suppressing the cracking, and even if decomposition gas and volatile matter are generated from organic matter during carbonization and activation, the decomposition gas and volatile matter are confined in a heat treatment device. It can be taken into water vapor in a state, and the release of decomposition gas and volatiles into the atmosphere can be suppressed.

  In the present invention, the above organic substance is set in a heat treatment device, steam is blown into the heat treatment device and heated by the condensation latent heat of the water vapor, and then the heated gas (excluding water vapor) and water vapor are blown into the heat treatment device. It is characterized by carbonizing the organic substance by heating at, and further activating the carbide obtained by carbonizing the organic substance.

  When carbonizing and further activating the organic material with water vapor blown into the heat treatment device, the temperature of the organic material is rapidly raised by the action of the water vapor, and then the heated gas is blown into the heat treatment device together with the water vapor. Therefore, it is possible to efficiently raise the temperature of an organic substance or a carbide obtained by carbonizing an organic substance to a high temperature with a heated gas that can be set to a temperature higher than that of water vapor, and increase the efficiency of carbonization and activation of the organic substance. It is something that can be done.

  In the present invention, the organic matter is set in a heat treatment device, steam and a heated gas are blown into the heat treatment device, and the organic matter is carbonized by heating with the condensation latent heat of steam and the heated gas. It is characterized by activating a carbide obtained by carbonizing an organic substance.

  In this way, by heating the organic matter by blowing steam and a heated gas into the heat treatment device, the temperature of the organic matter can be quickly raised by the action of the steam, and the temperature can be set higher than the steam. In combination with a heating gas that can be used, the temperature can be efficiently raised to a high temperature, and the efficiency of carbonization and activation can be increased when carbonizing and further activating the organic substance with water vapor.

  In the present invention, an inert gas can be used as the heated gas.

  By using an inert gas as the heating gas in this way, when the organic substance is heat-treated with water vapor, it is possible to more effectively prevent the organic substance and its carbide from being oxidized and burned, and the activated carbide is high. It can be obtained in a yield.

  In the present invention, the above-mentioned organic substance is set in a heat treatment device having a heat generating means, and steam is blown into the heat treatment device to heat by condensation latent heat of the water vapor, and at the same time, the heat treatment device is heated by the heat generation means. The carbonization of the organic substance and the activation of the carbide obtained by carbonizing the organic substance.

  By carbonizing the organic material with water vapor blown into the heat treatment device and further activating the organic material, the temperature of the organic material is rapidly raised by the action of the water vapor, and at the same time, by heating the heat treatment device with a heating means The heat treatment device can be heated by a heating means to a temperature higher than the heating temperature with water vapor, and the temperature of the organic substance or the carbide obtained by carbonizing the organic substance can be efficiently increased to a high temperature. The efficiency of the activation process can be increased.

  In the present invention, the organic substance is set in a heat treatment device having a heat generating means, steam is blown into the heat treatment device and heating is performed with the condensation latent heat of the water vapor, and then the heat treatment device is heated while continuing the heating with the water vapor. By heating with a heat generating means, the organic matter is carbonized, and further, the carbide obtained by carbonizing the organic matter is activated.

  In the carbonization treatment and further activation treatment of the organic matter with the steam blown into the heat treatment device, the temperature of the organic matter is quickly raised by the action of the steam, and thus the inside of the heat treatment device is continued while continuing the heating with the steam. By heating with the heat generating means, the inside of the heat treatment device can be heated with the heat generating means to a temperature higher than the heating temperature with water vapor, and the temperature of the organic substance or the carbonized carbide of the organic substance can be efficiently raised to a high temperature. It can improve the efficiency of carbonization and activation of organic matter.

  In each of the above inventions, superheated steam is used as the steam.

  Superheated steam is a high-temperature dry steam, and by using such superheated steam as the steam, the generation of condensed water from the steam is reduced, the temperature of the organic matter is raised more quickly, and the productivity is increased. High carbonization treatment and activation treatment can be performed.

  In each of the above inventions, the organic substance is a thermosetting resin.

  By using a thermosetting resin as the organic material, a high-purity carbide can be produced using the thermosetting resin as a material.

  The present invention is also characterized in that the organic substance is composed of a thermosetting resin and a saccharide.

  Even if the saccharide is thermally decomposed, it does not release a toxic gas, and environmental pollution by the decomposed gas can be suppressed to a lower level.

  In the present invention, the thermosetting resin is a phenol resin.

  A phenol resin has a high carbonization yield and can obtain a carbide having a high carbon density.

  In the present invention, the thermosetting resin is a furan resin.

  The furan resin has a high carbonization yield and can obtain a carbide having a high carbon density.

  In the present invention, the organic matter is carbonized by heating the organic matter with water vapor, and further, the carbide obtained by carbonizing the organic matter is activated. Therefore, when the water vapor having high condensation latent heat contacts the surface of the organic matter. This latent heat is transferred to the organic matter, and the organic matter can be quickly heated from the surface to the inside, and the organic matter can be carbonized efficiently in a short time. Carbide obtained by carbonizing can be activated with steam as an activation gas, and can be continuously performed in one continuous process, and activated with high production efficiency. It can be manufactured. Then, by supplying water vapor to the organic material and heating it, the organic material can be heated in an atmosphere excluding oxygen, and combustion of the organic material and carbide is suppressed to obtain activated carbide in a high yield. In addition to being able to suppress the release of the cracked gas and volatile matter into the atmosphere even if cracked gas and volatile matter are generated from the organic matter during carbonization and activation. It is.

It is the schematic which shows an example of embodiment of this invention. It is the schematic which shows another example of embodiment of this invention. It is the schematic which shows another example of embodiment of this invention. (A) shows the Fourier transform infrared absorption spectrum of the carbide of Example 4 heated for 10 hours, and (b) shows the carbide of Comparative Example 5.

  Embodiments of the present invention will be described below.

  In the present invention, any organic substance can be used without particular limitation as long as it contains a carbon component and carbonizes by heating. Examples thereof include wood flour, sawdust, fruit shell flour, fibers such as natural fibers and synthetic fibers, natural or synthetic resins, which are made from plants such as woods and herbs. Further, organic waste such as sludge can be used.

  Among these, in the present invention, it is preferable to use a synthetic resin, particularly a thermosetting resin, as the organic substance. The thermosetting resin can be easily formed into an arbitrary form or granulated, and an arbitrary form of carbide can be obtained. Also, if it is a thermoplastic resin, it may not melt and retain its form during the heating process, so in order to maintain its shape, it is necessary to perform a heat infusible treatment in an oxygen-containing atmosphere. In the case of a resin, after curing, it can be carbonized by heating while maintaining its form, and it becomes easier to obtain any form of carbide, and the yield of carbide is also increased. Is. Here, as the thermosetting resin, an uncured resin can be used in addition to a previously cured resin.

  As the thermosetting resin, any resin such as phenol resin, furan resin, epoxy resin, melamine resin, etc. can be used. These can be used alone or in combination with more than one. You can also Among these, as the thermosetting resin, a phenol resin and a furan resin are preferable. Since a phenol resin and a furan resin have a high carbonization yield, a carbide having a high carbon density can be obtained.

  Here, what was prepared by making phenols and aldehydes react in presence of a reaction catalyst can be used for a phenol resin. Phenols mean phenol and derivatives of phenol. For example, in addition to phenol, trifunctional compounds such as m-cresol, resorcinol and 3,5-xylenol, and tetrafunctional compounds such as bisphenol A and dihydroxydiphenylmethane. Bifunctional o- or p such as o-cresol, p-cresol, p-ter-butylphenol, p-phenylphenol, p-cumylphenol, p-nonylphenol, 2,4 or 2,6-xylenol -Substituted phenols can be mentioned, and also halogenated phenols substituted with chlorine or bromine can be used. Of course, in addition to selecting and using one of these, a plurality of types can be mixed and used.

  As the aldehyde, formalin in the form of an aqueous solution is optimal, but forms such as paraformaldehyde, acetaldehyde, benzaldehyde, trioxane, and tetraoxane can also be used. It can be used by replacing with aldehyde or furfuryl alcohol.

  The blending ratio of the above phenols and aldehydes is preferably set so that the molar ratio is in the range of 1: 0.5 to 1: 3.5. As a reaction catalyst, when preparing a novolac-type phenol resin, inorganic acids such as hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid and phosphoric acid, organic acids such as oxalic acid, paratoluenesulfonic acid, benzenesulfonic acid and xylenesulfonic acid, and acetic acid Zinc or the like can be used. When preparing a resol-type phenolic resin, an alkaline earth metal oxide or hydroxide can be used, and an aliphatic group such as dimethylamine, triethylamine, butylamine, dibutylamine, tributylamine, diethylenetriamine, or dicyandiamide. Primary, secondary, tertiary amine, aliphatic amines having aromatic rings such as N, N-dimethylbenzylamine, aromatic amines such as aniline and 1,5-naphthalenediamine, ammonia, hexamethylenetetramine, etc. Other divalent metal naphthenic acids and divalent metal hydroxides can also be used.

  The novolac-type phenol resin and the resol-type phenol resin may be used singly or may be used by mixing both in an arbitrary ratio. Various modified phenolic resins such as silicon modified, rubber modified, and boron modified can also be used. As a curing agent for the novolac type phenol resin, a resol type phenol resin, an epoxy resin, an isocyanate compound, hexamethylenetetramine, trioxane, tetraoxane or the like can be used. In addition, the resol type phenol resin is cured by heating to 100 ° C. or more, but a curing agent can be used. As the curing agent, novolac type phenol resin, epoxy resin, isocyanate compound, organic ester, alkylene Carbonate or the like can be used. In addition, as a curing catalyst for resol-type phenolic resins, inorganic acids such as hydrochloric acid and sulfuric acid, inorganic compounds such as aluminum chloride and zinc chloride, and organic compounds such as benzenesulfonic acid, phenolsulfonic acid, xylenesulfonic acid, and dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid An acid or the like can be used.

  The furan resin can be prepared by reacting a furan compound and an aldehyde in the presence of a reaction catalyst. As the furan compound, furfural, furfuryl alcohol, and the like can be used. These can be used alone or in combination of two or more. As aldehydes, those similar to the above can be used.

  Reaction catalysts for furan resins include oxides, hydroxides and carbonates of alkali metals such as sodium, potassium and lithium, or oxides, hydroxides and carbonates of alkaline earth metals such as calcium, magnesium and barium. A salt can be used. Furthermore, hydrochloric acid, phosphoric acid, sulfuric acid, xylene sulfonic acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid, oxalic acid, maleic acid, maleic anhydride and the like can also be used.

  And furan resin can be obtained by taking said furan compound, said aldehyde, and a reaction catalyst in a reaction container, and carrying out addition condensation reaction of a furan compound and aldehydes. Here, the blending amount of aldehydes with respect to the furan compound is preferably in the range of 0.4 to 2.5 moles of aldehydes with respect to 1 mole of the furan compound, and the blending amount of the reaction catalyst varies greatly depending on the type of the reaction catalyst. The range of 0.05 to 10% by mass relative to the furan compound is preferred.

  Moreover, what combined a thermosetting resin and saccharides can also be used as organic substance. As saccharides, monosaccharides, oligosaccharides, and polysaccharides can be used. From various monosaccharides, oligosaccharides, and polysaccharides, one type can be selected and used alone, or multiple types can be selected and used in combination. You can also.

  Although it does not specifically limit as monosaccharide, Glucose (glucose), fructose (fructose), galactose, etc. can be mentioned.

  Examples of oligosaccharides include disaccharides such as maltose (malt sugar), sucrose (sucrose), lactose (lactose), and cellobiose.

  Furthermore, as polysaccharides, there are starch sugar, dextrin, xanthan gum, curdlan, pullulan, cycloamylose, chitin, cellulose, starch, etc., and one of these can be selected or used in combination of two or more. it can. Examples of starch include raw starch and processed starch. Specifically, raw starch such as potato starch, corn starch, high amylose, sweet potato starch, tapioca starch, sago starch, rice starch, amaranth starch, and these modified starches (roasted dextrin, enzyme-modified dextrin, acid-treated starch, Oxidized starch), dialdehyde starch, etherified starch (carboxymethyl starch, hydroxyalkyl starch, cationic starch, methylolated starch, etc.), esterified starch (acetic acid starch, phosphate starch, succinate starch, octenyl succinate starch, Acid starch, higher fatty acid esterified starch, etc.), cross-linked starch, kraft starch, and wet heat-treated starch. Of these, low-viscosity starches such as roasted dextrin, enzyme-modified dextrin, acid-treated starch, oxidized starch, and crosslinked starch are preferred. Furthermore, saccharide-containing plants such as wheat, rice, potato, corn, tapioca, sweet potato, sago, amaranth and the like can be used. In addition, sugars that are commercially available for food use, such as white crude, medium crude, granulated sugar, invert sugar, super white sugar, medium white sugar, tri-warm sugar, and the like can be used. Furthermore, phenol-modified saccharides obtained by reacting saccharides with phenols can also be used.

  Carbohydrates may be added to the saccharides, particularly as a polysaccharide curing agent. The carboxylic acid is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include oxalic acid, maleic acid, succinic acid, citric acid, butanetetradicarboxylic acid, methyl vinyl ether-maleic anhydride copolymer, and the like. The blending amount of the carboxylic acid with respect to the saccharide is preferably within a range of 0.1 to 10 parts by mass of the carboxylic acid with respect to 100 parts by mass of the saccharide. Carboxylic acid is preferably mixed with saccharide in a state of being dissolved in water in advance because the effect as a curing agent is exhibited highly.

  Thermosetting resins may generate decomposition products such as tar and pitch and harmful decomposition gases when heated. For example, phenol resins and furan resins may generate harmful aldehyde gases as decomposition gases. Since saccharides are composed of carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen, they can only release carbon dioxide gas and water even when decomposed, and can reduce environmental pollution caused by the decomposition gas. The mixing ratio of the thermosetting resin and the saccharide is not particularly limited, but a range of 1 to 100 parts by mass of the saccharide is preferable with respect to 100 parts by mass of the thermosetting resin.

  In the present invention, the above-mentioned organic matter is heat-treated with water vapor to carbonize the organic matter, and further to activate the carbide obtained by carbonizing the organic matter, thereby obtaining an activated carbide.

  FIG. 1 shows an example of a heat treatment device 1 that heat-treats organic matter with water vapor. The heat treatment device 1 is provided with an introduction port 3 through which water vapor is blown into the heat treatment device 1 at the lower portion and an exhaust port 4 through which water vapor within the heat treatment device 1 is discharged at the upper portion. By closing the front opening 5 of the heat treatment device 1 with a door 6, the inside of the heat treatment device 1 is sealed except for the introduction port 3 and the exhaust port 4. A steam generator 10 is connected to the inlet 3 via a valve 12.

  The steam generation device 10 is formed with a boiler, and can generate water vapor (saturated water vapor) by heating water in the boiler and send it out. By connecting a superheater to this boiler, the steam generated by the boiler can be further heated by the superheater and sent out from the steam generator 10 as superheated steam.

  And after setting and putting an organic substance in the heat processing apparatus 1, and closing the door 6, the valve | bulb 12 is opened and the water vapor | steam produced | generated with the steam production | generation apparatus 10 is blown in into the heat processing apparatus 1 from the inlet 3. FIG. When steam is blown into the heat treatment device 1 in this way, the steam contacts the surface of the organic matter, so that the steam is deprived of the latent heat by the organic matter and condenses, but the steam has a high latent heat. The surface quickly rises in temperature. The condensed condensed water is evaporated by the sensible heat of the water vapor, and the temperature of the organic matter further increases by this sensible heat of the water vapor. Here, when heating an organic substance with hot air such as a heated gas, it takes time to raise the surface temperature of the organic substance because the heat capacity of the gas is small, but when heating with steam, the large latent heat possessed by the steam is Since the organic substance can be heated, the surface temperature of the organic substance can be increased in a short time. When the surface temperature of the organic matter rapidly increases in this way, heat transfer to the inside of the organic matter is also performed quickly, and the whole organic matter can be heated at a uniform temperature in a short time.

  In this way, the organic matter can be carbonized by heating the organic matter to a high temperature with the steam blown into the heat treatment device 1. When an uncured thermosetting resin such as phenol resin or furan resin is used as the organic substance, the thermosetting resin is carbonized after being cured by heating with water vapor. In the case of a cured thermosetting resin, it is carbonized without undergoing a curing process.

  Here, when the organic substance is heated by blowing water vapor into the heat treatment device 1 from the introduction port 3 as described above, the air containing oxygen in the heat treatment device 1 is pushed out from the exhaust port 4 and eliminated by blowing the water vapor. Is. Since only a few ppm of oxygen is present in the water vapor generated from water, the atmosphere in the heat treatment apparatus 1 becomes almost oxygen-free when the water vapor is blown in and the air is eliminated. Therefore, when carbonizing the organic matter by heat treatment with water vapor, it is possible to suppress the organic matter from burning and oxidative decomposition due to the influence of oxygen, reducing the disappearance of the organic matter, and generating from the organic matter The yield of the produced carbide can be increased and the yield can be improved. At this time, it is desirable that the oxygen concentration of the atmosphere in the heat treatment apparatus 1 is 3% or less in terms of volume percentage. When the oxygen concentration is 3% or less by volume percentage, the heat treatment can be carried out while substantially preventing the organic matter from being oxidatively decomposed. It is easy to keep the oxygen concentration at 3% or less by volume percentage by blowing water vapor and discharging the air in the heat treatment device 1.

  In addition, when organic substances are heated with water vapor as described above, even if volatile gas or decomposition gas is generated from the organic substances, this gas component is absorbed by the condensed water of the water vapor with the temperature lowered, and the odor of the gas is It is possible to prevent it from being released. Therefore, it is possible to prevent the working environment from being deteriorated by these gases, to prevent adverse effects on the environment such as air pollution, and further, there is no risk of flammable explosion due to gas. Is. These volatile gases and cracked gases can be drained in a state where the toxicity of the gas is confined in the condensed water. In particular, the water vapor condenses to become a liquid from a gas and the volume is significantly reduced. Therefore, compared with the case where volatile gas and decomposition gas generated by heating organic matter are discharged as they are, they can be absorbed in condensed water and discharged in a very small volume, and the processing becomes easy. is there.

  And by continuing supply of the water vapor | steam in the heat processing apparatus 1, the carbide | carbonized_material produced | generated when organic substance carbonizes further receives the effect | action of water vapor | steam, and can activate a carbide | carbonized_material. That is, water vapor reacts with carbon of the carbide as an activation gas, and can further develop the fine structure of the micropores formed in the carbide, thereby activating the carbide.

  In this way, steam is blown into the heat treatment apparatus 1 in which the organic substance is set, and the organic substance is carbonized by heating the organic substance with the steam, and further, the steam is continued to be blown, so that the steam acts as an activation gas on the carbide. Thus, activated carbide can be obtained. The carbonization treatment of the organic matter and the activation treatment of the carbide obtained by carbonizing the organic matter are performed continuously or simultaneously in a series of steps for continuously supplying water vapor to the heat treatment device 1, and with high production efficiency. An activated carbide can be produced.

  The conditions for heating with water vapor are not particularly limited, but in general, the heating temperature is preferably about 150 ° C. or higher for carbonizing organic matter, and about 200 ° C. or higher for activating the carbide with water vapor. The temperature of water vapor blown into the heat treatment device 1 is preferably 110 ° C. or higher.

  In addition, when heating the organic material with water vapor to carbonize and further activate the organic material, the time required to heat the organic material is the temperature of the water vapor, the type and size of the organic material, and the degree of carbonization and activation. Although it is set arbitrarily according to the application of the carbide and the required performance, it is generally preferable to set it to about 0.1 to 40 hours. For example, when a thermosetting resin such as a phenol resin or a furan resin (or a mixture of these and a saccharide) is used as the organic substance, the temperature of the water vapor is 300 to 900 ° C., and the time for blowing the water vapor into the heat treatment apparatus 1 is 0.1. It is preferable to set in the range of ˜30 hours.

  Here, in addition to using saturated steam, superheated steam can also be used as described above. Superheated steam is water vapor in a complete gas state that is further heated to saturated boiling water to a temperature equal to or higher than the boiling point, and is dry steam at 100 ° C. or higher. The superheated steam can raise the temperature to about 900 ° C., and therefore, the organic substance can be heat-treated at a high temperature, and the heat treatment time can be further shortened to increase the production efficiency.

  FIG. 2 shows another example of the heat treatment apparatus 1 for heat-treating organic substances with water vapor. The heat treatment apparatus 1 has the same structure as that shown in FIG. 1 and is provided with an inlet 3 and an outlet 4 as in FIG. 1, and a steam generator 10 and a heated gas generator 11 are connected to the inlet 3. . The heated gas generator 11 is formed by including a heater such as a heater and a blower, and sends out the gas heated by the heater with the blower. When air is used as the gas, the outside air is taken into the heated gas generator 11 as it is, heated with a heater and then sent out with a blower. When an inert gas such as nitrogen or argon is used as the gas, a cylinder is used. Are connected, and these gases are taken into the heated gas generator 11 from the cylinder, heated by a heater, and then sent out by a blower. The steam generator 10 and the heated gas generator 11 are connected to the inlet 3 via a mixer 14, and a valve 12 is provided between the steam generator 10 and the mixer 14 and between the heated gas generator 11 and the mixer 14. , 13 are provided.

  Then, after setting the organic substance in the heat treatment device 1 and closing the door 6, first, the valve 13 is closed and the valve 12 is opened, and the water vapor generated by the steam generation device 10 is heat treated through the mixer 14. Blow into vessel 1 As the water vapor, those described above can be used. By blowing water vapor into the heat treatment device 1 in this way, as described above, the organic matter can be rapidly heated by the high latent heat of the water vapor. At this time, as described above, air containing oxygen in the heat treatment apparatus 1 can be removed from the exhaust port 4 by blowing water vapor, and can be heated in an almost oxygen-free state. The production yield can be prevented from lowering, and even if cracked gas is generated from organic matter, this gas is absorbed into the condensed water vapor to prevent the gas from being released into the working atmosphere. It is something that can be done.

  Next, the valve 13 is opened and the heated gas generated by the heated gas generator 11 is blown into the heat treatment apparatus 1 through the mixer 14. At this time, the valve 12 is kept open, and the supply of water vapor to the heat treatment device 1 is continued. The water vapor generated by the steam generator 10 and the heated gas generator 11 are generated. The heated gas is fed into the heat treatment device 1 from the introduction port 3 while being mixed in the mixer 14. At this time, the valve 13 is opened and adjusted so that the valve 12 is throttled, the amount of water vapor corresponding to the heated gas supplied from the heated gas generator 11 is reduced, and the water vapor is supplied from the steam generator 10 to the heat treatment device 1. You may make it supply.

  The heated gas generated by the heated gas generation device 11 is a gas heated to a temperature higher than the temperature of the water vapor generated by the vapor generation device 10, and is a dry gas having a lower moisture content than water vapor. Although the temperature of heating gas is not specifically limited, It is preferable that it is 20 degreeC or more higher than the temperature of water vapor | steam. The upper limit of the temperature of the heated gas is not particularly limited. The moisture content of the heated gas is not particularly limited, but is preferably 1/3 or less of the saturated vapor amount.

  As described above, water vapor is blown into the heat treatment device 1 to raise the temperature of the organic substance in a short time, and then a heating gas higher than the water vapor is blown into the heat treatment device 1 to heat the organic substance with the heating gas. The organic matter can be efficiently heated to a higher temperature than when heated with steam alone, the organic matter can be carbonized in a shorter time, and the carbide can be activated, thereby increasing the efficiency of the production of the carbide. It is something that can be done.

  Here, the gas of the heated gas is not particularly limited as long as it is not flammable, and for example, air, nitrogen, argon or the like can be used. As the heating gas, one kind of gas can be used alone, or a plurality of kinds of gases can be mixed and used at an arbitrary ratio.

  If an inert gas such as nitrogen or argon is used as the heating gas, the heating gas will not oxidize the organic matter, so that it can be carbonized by heating at a high temperature of the heating gas while preventing the organic matter from burning. It is possible to increase the yield of carbides by reducing combustion consumption.

  When an oxidizing gas such as air is used as the heating gas, air acts as an activating gas when activating the carbide, so that activation can be performed efficiently. Since air is an oxidizing gas containing oxygen, there is a risk that the organic matter may be burned by oxidation when carbonizing the organic matter. However, air is supplied into the heat treatment apparatus 1 together with water vapor, The oxygen concentration in the vessel 1 can be reduced, and the burning of organic substances can be suppressed.

  As described above, by supplying water vapor to the heat treatment device 1, and subsequently supplying water vapor and heated gas to the heat treatment device 1, the organic matter in the heat treatment device 1 is carbonized, and further activated to produce carbide. In this case, the ratio of the time for supplying water vapor to the heat treatment device 1 and the time for supplying water vapor and heating gas to the heat treatment device 1 is not particularly limited, but each effect of water vapor and heating gas is effectively exhibited. Therefore, it is preferable that the time ratio is set to 10: 1 to 10: 6.

  Moreover, the mixing ratio of water vapor and heated gas when supplying water vapor and heated gas to the heat treatment device 1 is not particularly limited, but in order to effectively exhibit each action of water vapor and heated gas, The ratio is preferably set in the range of 8: 2 to 2: 8.

  Next, another embodiment using the apparatus of FIG. 2 will be described. In the above embodiment, the steam is supplied to the heat treatment device 1 and subsequently the water vapor and the heated gas are supplied to the heat treatment device 1. However, in the present embodiment, the organic material is placed in the heat treatment device 1 and set. Then, after the door 6 is closed, the valve 12 of the steam generator 10 and the valve 13 of the heated gas generator 11 are opened simultaneously. By simultaneously opening the valves 12 and 13 in this manner, the steam generated by the steam generating device 10 and the heated gas generated by the heated gas generating device 11 are blown into the heat treatment device 1 while being mixed by the mixer 14. The organic substance in the heat treatment apparatus 1 can be heated from the beginning with a mixed gas of water vapor and heated gas. The above-mentioned thing can be used as water vapor | steam and heating gas, and it is preferable that heating gas is the temperature 20 degreeC or more higher than the temperature of water vapor | steam.

  As described above, when the organic substance is heated by supplying the mixed gas of the water vapor and the heating gas to the heat treatment device 1 as described above, the organic substance can be rapidly heated by the high latent heat of the water vapor, and as described above. Since the heated gas can be set at a temperature higher than that of water vapor, it is possible to heat the organic material to a higher temperature than to heat the organic material with water vapor alone, to carbonize the organic material in a shorter time and to activate the carbide. It is something that can be done.

  At this time, as described above, the air in the heat treatment apparatus 1 can be removed from the exhaust port 4 by blowing water vapor and heated in an almost oxygen-free state, and the organic matter is oxidized and decomposed to generate carbides. In addition, even if cracked gas is generated from organic substances, this gas component is absorbed into the condensed water vapor to prevent the gas from being released into the working atmosphere. It can be done. When air is used as the heating gas, there is a risk of oxidative decomposition of organic matter, but since it is used as a mixed gas with water vapor, the oxygen concentration in the heat treatment apparatus 1 is not particularly increased, and the yield decreases. It is possible to suppress the oxidative decomposition of organic matter to such an extent that it does not occur.

  Although the water vapor and the heating gas are supplied to the heat treatment device 1 as described above, the mixing ratio of the water vapor and the heating gas when the organic substance is carbonized and activated is not particularly limited. In order to effectively exhibit each action of the heated gas, the volume ratio is preferably set in the range of 8: 2 to 2: 8.

  2, in the state where the water vapor generated by the water vapor generating device 10 and the heated gas generated by the heated gas generating device 11 are mixed by the mixer 14, the heat treatment device 1. However, it is not particularly necessary to use the mixer 14, and the steam generated by the steam generator 10 and the heated gas generated by the heated gas generator 11 are sent through the same pipe as a mixed gas. It can be blown into the heat treatment device 1. Further, the steam generated by the steam generator 10 and the heated gas generated by the heated gas generator 11 are blown into the heat treatment device 1 from separate pipes so that the steam and the heated gas are mixed in the heat treatment device 1. Also good. Furthermore, the heated gas generation device 11 may generate a mixed gas of heated gas and water vapor, and the mixed gas may be blown into the heat treatment device 1. In short, what is necessary is just to be able to act on the organic matter in the heat treatment device 1 in a state where water vapor and heated gas are mixed.

  In addition, when the organic substance is heated by using the steam and the heating gas in combination as described above, the organic substance is carbonized, and the activation process is performed, the time required to heat the organic substance is the temperature of the steam or the heating gas, It depends on the type and size of the organic substance, and the degree of carbonization and activation, and is arbitrarily set according to the use of the carbide and the required performance, but generally about 0.1 to 60 hours Is preferred.

  FIG. 3 shows an example of another embodiment of the present invention, in which the heat treatment device 1 is formed with a heating means 8. As in the embodiment of FIG. 1, the heat treatment device 1 is provided with an introduction port 3 and an exhaust port 4. By closing the opening 5 of the heat treatment device 1 with a door 6, the heat treatment device 1 has an introduction port 3 and an exhaust port. The structure other than the mouth 4 is sealed. A steam generation apparatus 10 is connected to the introduction port 3 as in the embodiment of FIG. 1, and water vapor generated by the steam generation apparatus 10 is supplied into the heat treatment device 1.

  The heating means 8 is provided on the side wall of the heat treatment device 1. The heating means 8 may be anything as long as it can heat the inside of the heat treatment device 1 by self-heating by combustion or electric resistance, and for example, a gas burner, an electric heater or the like can be used.

  Then, after setting the organic substance in the heat treatment apparatus 1 and closing the door 6, the heat generating means 8 is operated to generate heat, and at the same time, the valve 12 is opened to generate the water vapor generated by the vapor generation apparatus 10. Blow in. Therefore, the organic matter in the heat treatment device 1 can be heated with water vapor and the heat generating means 8.

  At this time, when the water vapor comes into contact with the surface of the organic matter, the water vapor is condensed with the latent heat taken away by the organic matter, but since the water vapor has a high latent heat, the surface of the organic matter rapidly rises due to this latent heat. The condensed condensed water is evaporated by the sensible heat of the water vapor, and the temperature of the organic matter further increases by this sensible heat of the water vapor. Here, when heating an organic substance with a gas such as heated air, it takes time to increase the surface temperature of the organic substance because the heat capacity of the gas is small, but when heating with water vapor, the large latent heat that the water vapor has Since the organic matter can be heated in this manner, the surface temperature of the organic matter can be raised in a short time. When the surface temperature of the organic matter rapidly increases in this way, heat transfer to the inside of the organic matter is also performed quickly, and the whole organic matter can be heated at a uniform temperature in a short time. At the same time, heat generation by the heat generating means 8 is also applied, so that it is easier to uniformly raise the temperature of the entire organic substance.

  Thus, the whole organic matter can be uniformly heated in a short time by heating with water vapor, and the organic matter can be heated at a higher temperature due to the heat generated by the heating element 8. Can be carbonized. And by continuing supply of the water vapor | steam in the heat processing apparatus 1, the carbide | carbonized_material produced | generated when organic substance carbonizes further receives the effect | action of water vapor | steam, and can activate a carbide | carbonized_material.

  Here, as described above, since steam is blown into the heat treatment apparatus 1 in which the organic substance is set, the air containing oxygen in the heat treatment apparatus 1 is pushed out from the exhaust port 4 by blowing the water vapor. As a result, the atmosphere in the heat treatment apparatus 1 becomes almost oxygen-free. Therefore, when carbonizing organic matter, it is possible to suppress the organic matter from burning and oxidative decomposition due to the influence of oxygen, and to prevent a decrease in the yield of carbide obtained by carbonizing the organic matter. It is. At this time, it is desirable that the oxygen concentration of the atmosphere in the heat treatment apparatus 1 is 3% or less in terms of volume percentage. When the oxygen concentration is 3% or less by volume percentage, the heat treatment can be carried out while substantially preventing the organic matter from being oxidatively decomposed.

  In addition, when organic substances are heated with water vapor as described above, even if volatile gas or decomposition gas is generated from the organic substances, this gas component is absorbed by the condensed water of the water vapor that has fallen in temperature, and the odor of the gas enters the working atmosphere. It can be prevented from being released. Therefore, it is possible to prevent the working environment from being deteriorated by these gases, to prevent adverse effects on the environment such as air pollution, and further, there is no risk of flammable explosion due to gas. Is. These volatile gases and cracked gases can be drained in a state where the toxicity of the gas is confined in the condensed water. In particular, the volume of water vapor is significantly reduced by condensation, so Compared with the case where the gas is discharged as it is, the gas can be discharged in a very small volume by being absorbed in the condensed water, and the processing becomes easy.

  Here, the temperature of water vapor blown into the heat treatment apparatus 1 is not particularly limited, but is preferably 110 ° C. or higher as described above. As the water vapor, not only saturated water vapor but also superheated water vapor can be used. Superheated steam is water vapor in a complete gas state that is further heated to saturated boiling water to a temperature equal to or higher than the boiling point, and is dry steam at 100 ° C. or higher. The superheated steam can raise the temperature up to about 900 ° C., so that the organic substance can be heat-treated at a high temperature, and the heat treatment time can be further shortened.

  The heating temperature by the heating means 8 is not particularly limited, but is preferably higher than the temperature of the water vapor, and preferably 20 ° C. or more higher than the temperature of the water vapor. The upper limit of the heating temperature by the heat generating means 8 is not particularly set.

  Next, another embodiment in which an organic material is heat-treated using the heat treatment device 1 of FIG. After setting the organic substance in the heat treatment apparatus 1 and closing the door 6, first, the valve 12 is opened and the water vapor generated by the vapor generation apparatus 10 is blown into the heat treatment apparatus 1. At this time, the operation of the heat generating means 8 is stopped. When steam is blown into the heat treatment device 1 in this way, the steam contacts the surface of the organic matter, so that the steam is deprived of the latent heat by the organic matter and condenses, but the steam has a high latent heat. The surface quickly rises in temperature. The condensed condensed water is evaporated by the sensible heat of the water vapor, and the temperature of the organic matter further increases by this sensible heat of the water vapor. Here, when heating an organic substance with a gas such as heated air, it takes time to increase the surface temperature of the organic substance because the heat capacity of the gas is small, but when heating with water vapor, the large latent heat that the water vapor has Since the organic matter can be heated in this manner, the surface temperature of the organic matter can be raised in a short time. When the surface temperature of the organic matter rapidly increases in this way, heat transfer to the inside of the organic matter is also performed quickly, and the whole organic matter can be heated at a uniform temperature in a short time.

  As described above, when water vapor is blown into the heat treatment apparatus 1 to heat the organic substance with water vapor, it is not necessary to perform heating with water vapor until the organic substance is completely carbonized and activated, until the temperature reaches a temperature at which carbonization and activation become easy. It is only necessary to raise the temperature uniformly. The time for heat treatment by blowing water vapor into the heat treatment device 1 varies depending on the temperature of the water vapor, the supply amount of water vapor, and the like, and also requires time for heating the inside of the heat treatment device 1, so that it depends on the size of the heat treatment device 1 and the organic matter. However, if the organic matter is simply raised to around 100 ° C., about 30 to 300 seconds is sufficient.

  Here, the temperature of the water vapor is not particularly limited, but is preferably 110 ° C. or higher as described above. As the water vapor, not only saturated water vapor but also superheated water vapor can be used. Superheated steam is water vapor in a complete gas state that is further heated to saturated boiling water to a temperature equal to or higher than the boiling point, and is dry steam at 100 ° C. or higher. The superheated steam can raise the temperature up to about 900 ° C., so that the organic substance can be heat-treated at a high temperature, and the heat treatment time can be further shortened.

  Next, while continuing to blow water vapor into the heat treatment device 1, the heat generating means 8 is operated, and the organic matter in the heat treatment device 1 is also heated by the heat generated by the heat generation means 8. The heating temperature by the heating means 8 is not particularly limited as long as it is higher than the temperature of the water vapor, but is preferably 20 ° C. higher than the temperature of the water vapor. In addition, after the heat generating means 8 is heated in this way, the valve 12 is throttled so that the supply amount of water vapor from the steam generating device 10 to the heat treatment device 1 is adjusted according to the heat generation amount of the heat generating means 8. May be.

  In this way, the organic matter in the heat treatment apparatus 1 can be first heated quickly with water vapor, and then heated at a higher temperature using both the water vapor and the heat generated by the heat generating means 8. Then, the carbide can be activated using water vapor as an activation gas to obtain the carbide.

  Here, as described above, since steam is blown into the heat treatment apparatus 1 in which the organic substance is set, the air containing oxygen in the heat treatment apparatus 1 is pushed out from the exhaust port 4 by blowing the water vapor. As a result, the atmosphere in the heat treatment apparatus 1 becomes almost oxygen-free. Therefore, when carbonizing organic matter, it is possible to suppress the organic matter from burning and oxidative decomposition due to the influence of oxygen, and to prevent a decrease in the yield of carbide obtained by carbonizing the organic matter. It is. At this time, it is desirable that the oxygen concentration of the atmosphere in the heat treatment apparatus 1 is 3% or less in terms of volume percentage. When the oxygen concentration is 3% or less by volume percentage, the heat treatment can be carried out while substantially preventing the organic matter from being oxidatively decomposed.

  In addition, when organic substances are heated with water vapor as described above, even if volatile gas or decomposition gas is generated from the organic substances, this gas component is absorbed by the condensed water of the water vapor that has fallen in temperature, and the odor of the gas enters the working atmosphere. It can be prevented from being released. Therefore, it is possible to prevent the working environment from being deteriorated by these gases, to prevent adverse effects on the environment such as air pollution, and further, there is no risk of flammable explosion due to gas. Is. These volatile gases and cracked gases can be drained in a state where the toxicity of the gas is confined in the condensed water. In particular, the volume of water vapor is significantly reduced by condensation, so Compared with the case where the gas is discharged as it is, the gas can be discharged in a very small volume by being absorbed in the condensed water, and the processing becomes easy.

  When heating the organic substance in the heat treatment device 1 by using both the water vapor supplied to the heat treatment device 1 and the heat generation of the heat generation means 8 as in each embodiment of FIG. The amount of steam blown into the heat treatment device 1 can be reduced by heating the heat treatment device 1, and the increase in energy consumption can be suppressed.

  Further, as described above, when the organic substance is heated by using the water vapor and the heat generating means 8 together to carbonize the organic substance and further activated, the time required for the heat treatment of the organic substance is the water vapor and the heat generating means 8. Depending on the temperature, the type and size of the organic matter, and the degree of carbonization and activation, etc., it is arbitrarily set according to the use and required performance of the carbide, but generally 0.1 to About 60 hours is preferable.

  Next, the present invention will be specifically described with reference to examples.

Example 1
As an organic substance, a cured spherical phenol resin (“LPS-500C” manufactured by Lignite Co., Ltd .: average particle diameter of 500 μm, coarse filling bulk density of 0.68 g / cm ³ , fixed carbon when heat treated at 80 ° C. according to JIS K6910 The amount was 59.0%) and pretreated by heating at 105 ° C. for 60 minutes for drying. About 15 g of this spherical phenol resin was taken in a stainless steel petri dish having a diameter of 70 mm and weighed precisely to determine the mass of the spherical phenol resin.

  On the other hand, as the heat treatment device 1, a superheated steam small batch test furnace (manufactured by Nomura Engineering Co., Ltd.) having effective dimensions in the warehouse of width 390 mm, depth 370 mm, and height 390 mm was used. The heat treatment apparatus 1 is provided with an introduction port 3 for introducing water vapor at the bottom and an exhaust port 4 at the ceiling, which can be sealed by closing the door 6 of the front opening 5. A steam generator 10 is connected to the inlet 3 of the heat treatment apparatus 1 of this embodiment as shown in FIG.

  Then, the spherical phenol resin was set in the heat treatment device 1 by placing five petri dishes using the above spherical phenol resin on a stainless steel wire net provided in the heat treatment device 1. At this time, a temperature sensor was set at the center of the heat treatment device 1 so that the temperature inside the heat treatment device 1 could be measured continuously.

  After setting the spherical phenol resin in the heat treatment apparatus 1 in this way, saturated steam having a gauge pressure of 0.3 MPa and a temperature of 143 ° C. generated by the boiler of the steam generation apparatus 10 is heated by a superheater (“Model GE” manufactured by Nomura Engineering Co., Ltd.). −10B ”), heated superheated steam having a temperature of 350 ° C. and a gauge pressure of 0.35 MPa was blown into the heat treatment apparatus 1 from the inlet 3 at a flow rate of 60 kg / h.

  When the temperature in the heat treatment device 1 reached 300 ° C., the superheated steam was continuously blown while controlling the valve 12 so that the temperature was maintained, and the spherical phenol resin on the petri dish was heat-treated. Then, after 1 hour, 3 hours, 5 hours, 7 hours, and 10 hours, each petri dish was taken out one by one.

  Each petri dish thus taken out was covered with aluminum foil and cooled to room temperature in a desiccator to prevent oxidation by air. And the carbide | carbonized_material on the petri dish after cooling was precisely weighed and the mass was calculated | required. From the mass after the carbonization and the mass of the spherical phenol resin before the heat treatment, the residual ratio of the carbide was calculated. Furthermore, the appearance of the carbide on the petri dish was observed. These results are shown in Table 1.

(Example 2)
The temperature of superheated steam supplied from the steam generator 10 to the heat treatment device 1 is set to 400 ° C., and the temperature is maintained when the temperature in the heat treatment device 1 reaches 350 ° C. Same as Example 1. And like Example 1, 1 hour later, 3 hours later, 5 hours later, 7 hours later and 10 hours later, each petri dish was taken out one by one, the residual rate of the carbide on the petri dish was calculated, The appearance was observed. These results are shown in Table 1.

(Example 3)
The temperature of superheated steam supplied from the steam generator 10 to the heat treatment device 1 is set to 500 ° C., and the temperature is maintained when the temperature in the heat treatment device 1 reaches 400 ° C. Same as Example 1. And like Example 1, 1 hour later, 3 hours later, 5 hours later, 7 hours later and 10 hours later, each petri dish was taken out one by one, the residual rate of the carbide on the petri dish was calculated, The appearance was observed. These results are shown in Table 1.

Example 4
The temperature of superheated steam supplied from the steam generator 10 to the heat treatment device 1 is set to 600 ° C., and the temperature is maintained when the temperature in the heat treatment device 1 reaches 500 ° C. Same as Example 1. And like Example 1, 1 hour later, 3 hours later, 5 hours later, 7 hours later and 10 hours later, each petri dish was taken out one by one, the residual rate of the carbide on the petri dish was calculated, The appearance was observed. These results are shown in Table 1.

(Example 5)
The temperature of superheated steam supplied from the steam generator 10 to the heat treatment device 1 is set to 600 ° C., and the temperature is maintained when the temperature in the heat treatment device 1 reaches 550 ° C. Same as Example 1. And like Example 1, 1 hour later, 3 hours later, 5 hours later, 7 hours later and 10 hours later, each petri dish was taken out one by one, the residual rate of the carbide on the petri dish was calculated, The appearance was observed. These results are shown in Table 1.

(Comparative Example 1)
In the same manner as in Example 1, about 15 g of a spherical phenol resin was accurately weighed in a stainless steel petri dish having a diameter of 70 mm. On the other hand, the internal temperature of a high-temperature dryer (“Model DRD360DA” manufactured by Toyo Seisakusho Co., Ltd .: built-in electric heater, internal dimension width 300 mm, depth 300 mm, height 300 mm) is set to 300 ° C. in advance. Five petri dishes using spherical phenolic resin were set on the stainless steel wire mesh.

  And the spherical phenol resin on the petri dish is heated at this temperature, and the petri dish is taken out one by one, after 1 hour, 3 hours, 5 hours, 7 hours and 10 hours, respectively, as in Example 1. The residual rate of carbide on the petri dish was calculated, and the appearance of the carbide was observed. These results are shown in Table 1.

(Comparative Example 2)
Except for setting the internal temperature of the high-temperature dryer to 350 ° C., heat treatment was performed in the same manner as in Comparative Example 1, and after 1 hour, 3 hours, 5 hours, 7 hours and 10 hours, respectively. The petri dishes were taken out one by one, the residual rate of carbide on the petri dish was calculated, and the appearance of the carbides was observed. These results are shown in Table 1.

(Comparative Example 3)
Except for setting the internal temperature of the high-temperature dryer to 400 ° C., heat treatment was performed in the same manner as in Comparative Example 1, and after 1 hour, 3 hours, 5 hours, 7 hours and 10 hours, respectively. The petri dishes were taken out one by one, the residual rate of carbide on the petri dish was calculated, and the appearance of the carbides was observed. These results are shown in Table 1.

(Comparative Example 4)
Except for setting the internal temperature of the high-temperature dryer to 500 ° C., heat treatment was performed in the same manner as in Comparative Example 1, and after 1 hour, 3 hours, 5 hours, 7 hours and 10 hours, respectively. The petri dishes were taken out one by one, the residual rate of carbide on the petri dish was calculated, and the appearance of the carbides was observed. These results are shown in Table 1.

(Comparative Example 5)
30 g of a spherical phenol resin was weighed into a porcelain crucible having an internal volume of 50 ml, covered, and then put into a heat-resistant box and covered with coke. This was put into the high-temperature dryer used in Comparative Example 1 (“Model DRD360DA” manufactured by Toyo Seisakusho Co., Ltd.), heated to 500 ° C. at an equal temperature increase rate of 4 ° C./min, and held at this temperature for 10 hours. The spherical phenol resin was heat-treated. Thereafter, the residual rate of the carbide taken out from the crucible was calculated, and the appearance of the carbide was observed. These results are shown in Table 1. In Comparative Example 5, as shown in Table 1, in Comparative Example 4 described above, when heated at 500 ° C. for 10 hours, the carbide disappears and does not remain, so it is coated with coke so that no carbide remains. .

  As can be seen from Table 1, in the examples in which heating is performed with water vapor, the residual rate is 90% or more even when heating is performed at 300 ° C. or 350 ° C. for 1 to 10 hours as in Examples 1 and 2. Even when heated at 400 ° C. for 1 to 10 hours as in Example 3, the residual rate is 80% or more, and even when heated at 500 ° C. for 1 to 10 hours as in Example 4, the residual rate is about 70%. Furthermore, even when heated at 550 ° C. for 10 hours as in Example 5, the residual rate was 60% or more, and the loss due to oxidation could be greatly reduced.

  On the other hand, in the comparative example in which heating is performed with a high-temperature dryer, the residual rate is 90% or more when heated at 300 ° C. as in comparative example 1, but at 350 ° C. for 10 hours as in comparative example 2. When heated, the residual rate becomes 65%. Further, when heated at 400 ° C. or 500 ° C. as in Comparative Example 3 or Comparative Example 4, the residual rate becomes 10% or less in a heating time of 3 hours or more, and when heated at 500 ° C. for 5 hours or more, almost disappears due to oxidation. It was a thing. In order to prevent oxidation when heating at 500 ° C. for 10 hours, it is necessary to coat with coke as in Comparative Example 5.

  As described above, by using water vapor, the organic matter can be heated in an atmosphere from which oxygen is excluded, and it is possible to suppress the consumption of the organic matter and carbide by combustion, and to increase the activated carbide. It was confirmed that it can be obtained at a rate.

(Example 6)
As the heat treatment device 1, the same superheated steam small batch test furnace (manufactured by Nomura Engineering Co., Ltd.) as in Example 1 was used. As shown in FIG. 2, a steam generator 10 and a heated gas generator 11 are connected to the inlet 3 of the heat treatment apparatus 1 of this embodiment so that nitrogen can be heated and supplied by the heated gas generator 11. is there.

  And after setting the petri dish which weighed the spherical phenol resin precisely in the same manner as in Example 1 in the heat treatment device 1, superheated saturated water vapor with a gauge pressure of 0.3 MPa and a temperature of 143 ° C. generated by the boiler of the steam generator 10. Of the superheated steam with a temperature of 350 ° C. and a gauge pressure of 0.35 MPa, which is generated by heating with a vessel (“Model GE-10B” manufactured by Nomura Engineering Co., Ltd.) from the inlet 3 at a flow rate of 60 kg / h. Infused into.

Next, as soon as the temperature in the heat treatment device 1 reaches 100 ° C., the superheated steam supplied from the steam generator 10 is changed to a temperature of 600 ° C., a gauge pressure of 0.35 MPa, a flow rate of 30 kg / h, and heated. Heated nitrogen having a temperature of 600 ° C. and a gauge pressure of 0.05 MPa is supplied from the gas generating device 11 at a flow rate of 60 m ³ / h. Infused. Then, after the temperature in the heat treatment apparatus 1 reached 500 ° C., the superheated steam and heated nitrogen were blown in for 10 hours while controlling the valves 12 and 13 so that the temperature was maintained. Then, the residual rate of the carbide | carbonized_material on the petri dish taken out from the heat processing apparatus 1 was computed, and the external appearance of the carbide | carbonized_material was observed. These results are shown in Table 2.

(Example 7)
Similarly to Example 6, a superheated steam small batch test furnace (manufactured by Nomura Engineering Co., Ltd.) in which the steam generator 10 and the heated gas generator 11 were connected was used.

And after setting the petri dish which weighed the spherical phenol resin precisely in the same manner as in Example 1 in the heat treatment device 1, superheated saturated water vapor with a gauge pressure of 0.3 MPa and a temperature of 143 ° C. generated by the boiler of the steam generator 10. Generated by heating in a vessel (“Model GE-10B” manufactured by Nomura Engineering Co., Ltd.), superheated steam at a temperature of 600 ° C. and a gauge pressure of 0.35 MPa at a flow rate of 30 kg / h, and from the heated gas generator 11. Heated nitrogen at 600 ° C. and a gauge pressure of 0.05 MPa was blown into the heat treatment device 1 through the mixer 14 at a flow rate of 60 m ³ / h. Next, after the temperature in the heat treatment apparatus 1 reached 500 ° C., the superheated steam and heated nitrogen were blown in for 10 hours while controlling the valves 12 and 13 so that the temperature was maintained. Then, the residual rate of the carbide | carbonized_material on the petri dish taken out from the heat processing apparatus 1 was computed, and the external appearance of the carbide | carbonized_material was observed. These results are shown in Table 2.

(Example 8)
As the heat treatment device 1, the same superheated steam small batch test furnace (manufactured by Nomura Engineering Co., Ltd.) as in Example 1 was used. As shown in FIG. 3, a steam generator 10 is connected to the inlet 3 of the heat treatment apparatus 1 of this embodiment, and an electric heater is provided as a heating means 8 on the side wall.

  And after setting the petri dish which weighed the spherical phenol resin precisely in the same manner as in Example 1 in the heat treatment device 1, superheated saturated water vapor with a gauge pressure of 0.3 MPa and a temperature of 143 ° C. generated by the boiler of the steam generator 10. The heat treatment apparatus 1 generates superheated steam having a temperature of 600 ° C. and a gauge pressure of 0.35 MPa from the introduction port 3 at a flow rate of 60 kg / h, which is generated by heating with a vessel (“Model GE-10B” manufactured by Nomura Engineering Co., Ltd.). At the same time, the electric heater was operated, and the interior was heated by the heat generated by the electric heater. Next, after the temperature in the heat treatment apparatus 1 reached 500 ° C., the heating of the superheated steam and the electric heater was continued for 10 hours while controlling the valve 12 so as to maintain this temperature. Then, the residual rate of the carbide | carbonized_material on the petri dish taken out from the heat processing apparatus 1 was computed, and the external appearance of the carbide | carbonized_material was observed. These results are shown in Table 2.

Example 9
As the heat treatment device 1, as in Example 8, a steam generator 10 is connected to the inlet 3 of a superheated steam small batch test furnace (manufactured by Nomura Engineering Co., Ltd.), and an electric heater is provided as a heating means 8 on the side wall. It was used.

  And after setting the petri dish which weighed the spherical phenol resin precisely in the same manner as in Example 1 in the heat treatment device 1, superheated saturated water vapor with a gauge pressure of 0.3 MPa and a temperature of 143 ° C. generated by the boiler of the steam generator 10. The heat treatment apparatus 1 generates superheated steam having a temperature of 600 ° C. and a gauge pressure of 0.35 MPa from the introduction port 3 at a flow rate of 60 kg / h, which is generated by heating with a vessel (“Model GE-10B” manufactured by Nomura Engineering Co., Ltd.). When the temperature in the heat treatment apparatus 1 reached 100 ° C., the electric heater was operated while continuing to supply the superheated steam, and the interior was heated by the heat generated by the electric heater. Next, after the temperature in the heat treatment apparatus 1 reached 500 ° C., the heating of the superheated steam and the electric heater was continued for 10 hours while controlling the valve 12 so as to maintain this temperature. Then, the residual rate of the carbide | carbonized_material on the petri dish taken out from the heat processing apparatus 1 was computed, and the external appearance of the carbide | carbonized_material was observed. These results are shown in Table 2.

  As can be seen from Table 2, all of Examples 5 to 8 have a residual rate close to 70% even when heated at 500 ° C. for 10 hours by using steam and heated gas, and steam and heater heating in combination. Was something you could get.

  4 shows a Fourier transform infrared absorption spectrum, FIG. 4 (a) shows the absorption spectrum of the carbide heat-treated at 500 ° C. for 10 hours in Example 4, and FIG. 4 (b) shows the carbide of Comparative Example 5. Is an absorption spectrum for. The Fourier transform infrared absorption spectrum was measured using a Fourier transform infrared spectrometer “IR Affinity-1” manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation. That is, 2 mg of the sample was added to 200 mg of KBr, pulverized and mixed for 10 minutes with a vibration mill, and then formed into a round tablet having a diameter of 13 mm. This was dried at 65 ° C. for 3 hours, subjected to measurement, and measured by the permeation method with 50 integrations. 4 (a) and 4 (b), the blank is the spectrum of the sample before the heat treatment.

For the carbide of Comparative Example 5 heated to 500 ° C. with electric furnace coke, the Fourier transform infrared absorption spectrum of FIG. In the region of 3700 to 3000 cm ^−1, a broad absorption spectrum is observed in the blank, but the carbide of Comparative Example 5 is gentle. From this, the phenolic hydroxyl group is almost lost in the carbide of Comparative Example 5. Conceivable. In the region of 1700～1490Cm ^-1, and absorption extremely decreased in 1600 cm ^-1 compared to the blank, also further regions of 1300～700Cm ^-1, absorption is not extremely reduced. From these, it is considered that the functional group disappeared with the progress of carbonization.

Next, the Fourier transform infrared absorption spectrum of FIG. 4A is examined for the carbide of Example 4 heated to 500 ° C. with superheated steam. Although the peak in the region of 3700 to 3000 cm ⁻¹ is smaller than that in the blank, the decrease is smaller than that in Comparative Example 5, and it is considered that a part of the phenolic hydroxyl group remains. . In the region of 1700～1490Cm ^-1, an absorption of 1600 cm ^-1 is smaller than the blank, smaller and more reduced in the case of Comparative Example 5, also further regions of 1300～700Cm ^-1, Comparative Example 5 The decrease in absorption is much smaller than in the case of. In particular, new absorption spectrum peaks are observed in the vicinity of 875 cm −1 and 1210 cm −1, which is considered to indicate that activation has progressed with the progress of carbonization.

  Also, the 10 hour heating carbide of Example 3 above, the 10 hour heating carbide of Example 4, the 10 hour heating carbide of Example 5, the carbides of Examples 6-8, and the 10 hour heating of Comparative Example 2. The elemental composition of the carbide and the carbide of Comparative Example 5 was analyzed. Moreover, the average pore diameter, specific surface area, and moisture absorption rate of each carbide were measured. The results are shown in Table 3. In Table 3, “untreated sample” is a spherical phenol resin before heat treatment.

The elemental composition was analyzed by using a self-integrating thermal conductivity type “MT-5” manufactured by Yanagimoto Seisakusho Co., Ltd., a C, H, N simultaneous quantification device, a sample before heat treatment (spherical phenol resin), and heating. The sample (carbide) after the treatment was quantified by burning it in a He stream containing O ₂ at a constant flow rate. The amount of oxygen was calculated from the following formula.
Oxygen amount (%) = 100− (C% + H% + N% + ash content%)

  The average pore diameter and specific surface area were measured using an automatic specific surface area / pore distribution measuring apparatus “BELLSORP mini” manufactured by Nippon Bell Co., Ltd. under the conditions using nitrogen.

The moisture absorption rate of the carbide was measured as follows. First, a sample before heat treatment (spherical phenol resin) and a sample after heat treatment (carbide) were heat-treated in a drier at 105 ° C. for 5 hours and dried, and about 5 g from each sample was taken into a PP cup. Add and weigh. Next, it is placed in a desiccator with a relative humidity of 92% and the mass is measured over time. And the moisture absorption rate was computed from following Formula.
Moisture absorption rate (%) = [(mass after moisture absorption−mass before moisture absorption) / mass before moisture absorption] × 100

  According to the measurement results of the elemental composition in Table 3, as seen in the untreated sample and Examples 3 to 5, as the heating temperature with superheated steam is increased, the carbon content in the residue is not increased. From 75.7% by mass of the processed sample to 93.9% by mass of Example 5, it can be seen that the contents of hydrogen, nitrogen and oxygen of other elements are reduced accordingly. This indicates that carbonization proceeds by heating with superheated steam. The higher the temperature of superheated steam, the faster the progress of carbonization. On the other hand, in Comparative Examples 2 and 5 heated with a dryer, it is seen that the progress of carbonization is slow. Incidentally, when the comparative example 5 and the example 3 are compared, the carbon content is almost equal to 80%, but the heating temperature is 500 ° C. in the comparative example 5 whereas the heating temperature is 400 ° C. and 100%. The effect of heating with superheated steam at a low temperature is demonstrated.

  Further, according to the measurement results of the moisture absorption rate in Table 3, for example, the moisture absorption rate after 7 days is as high as 6.90 to 10.26% in each example, whereas the untreated sample is 1.43%. ing. Moreover, the moisture absorption rate is also high as heating temperature becomes high like Examples 3-5. Furthermore, Example 4 and Comparative Examples 2 and 5 have the same heating temperature, but Example 4 has a higher moisture absorption rate. This is because carbonization proceeds by heating with superheated steam as in each example, and volatile gas is released by thermal decomposition, and sub-micropores, micropores, mesopores, and macropores are formed in the carbide. This is because water is adsorbed in these pores. In each of the examples, activation proceeds and it is confirmed that sub-micropores, micropores, mesopores, and macropores are developed. Is. This is also confirmed from the measurement results of specific surface area and average pore diameter. In particular, each example has a specific surface area larger than that of the comparative example, and the average pore diameter is extremely smaller than that of the comparative example, confirming that the activation has greatly advanced.

1 Heat treatment equipment 3 Inlet 4 Outlet

Claims (13)

  A method for producing a carbide comprising heating an organic substance with steam to carbonize the organic substance and further activating a carbide obtained by carbonizing the organic substance.   The organic material is set in a heat treatment device, steam is blown into the heat treatment device, and heating is performed by condensation latent heat of the water vapor, thereby carbonizing the organic material and further activating the carbonized organic material. The manufacturing method of the carbide | carbonized_material of Claim 1.   The organic matter is set in the heat treatment device, steam is blown into the heat treatment device and heated by the condensation latent heat of the water vapor, and then the heated gas and water vapor are blown into the heat treatment device to heat the organic matter. Furthermore, the carbide | carbonized_material of carbonized organic substance is activated, The manufacturing method of the carbide | carbonized_material of Claim 1 characterized by the above-mentioned.   The organic matter was set in a heat treatment device, and steam and a heated gas were blown into the heat treatment device, and the organic matter was carbonized by heating with the condensation latent heat of steam and the heated gas, and the organic matter was further carbonized. The method for producing carbide according to claim 1, wherein the carbide is activated.   The method for producing a carbide according to claim 3 or 4, wherein an inert gas is used as the heated gas.   The organic matter is set in a heat treatment device having a heat generating means, and steam is blown into the heat treatment device to heat by condensation latent heat of the water vapor, and at the same time, the heat treatment device is heated by the heat generation means to carbonize the organic matter. Furthermore, the carbide | carbonized_material which carbonized the organic substance is activated, The manufacturing method of the carbide | carbonized_material of Claim 1 characterized by the above-mentioned.   The organic substance is set in a heat treatment device having a heat generating means, steam is blown into the heat treatment device and heated with the condensation latent heat of the water vapor, and then the heat treatment device is heated with the heat generation means while continuing the heating with the water vapor. The method for producing a carbide according to claim 1, wherein the carbide is obtained by carbonizing the organic substance and further activating the carbide obtained by carbonizing the organic substance.   Superheated steam is used as said steam, The manufacturing method of the carbide | carbonized_material in any one of the Claims 1 thru | or 7 characterized by the above-mentioned.   The method for producing carbide according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the organic substance is a thermosetting resin.   The method for producing carbide according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the organic substance is composed of a thermosetting resin and a saccharide.   The method for producing a carbide according to claim 9 or 10, wherein the thermosetting resin is a phenol resin.   The method for producing a carbide according to claim 9 or 10, wherein the thermosetting resin is a furan resin.   A carbide produced by the method according to any one of claims 1 to 12.

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