JP2013039123A - Greenhouse structure and temperature adjustment method for the greenhouse structure - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a greenhouse structure which allows inexpensive temperature adjustment in the greenhouse structure, and a temperature adjustment method therefor.SOLUTION: The greenhouse structure 10 includes an outer hull forming a space 2 inside, at least part of the outer hull being formed of a light-permeable outer circumferential material 1. A temperature adjustment member 5 is disposed in the space 2, the temperature adjustment member 5 includes a heat storage material layer 3 and a water-retaining material layer 4 laminated to contact with the heat storage material layer 3. When the space 2 is heated, and the temperature of the space 2 is higher than the temperature of the heat storage material layer 3, the heat stored in the heat storage material layer 3 is released from the layer 3 to thereby heat the space 2, and when the space 2 is cooled, water is supplied to the water-retaining material layer 4 and the space 2 is cooled by vaporization of the water retained in the layer 4.

Description

  The present invention relates to a greenhouse structure and a temperature adjustment method thereof.

  Greenhouse structures, such as so-called greenhouses, that have a light-transmitting peripheral material, used for greenhouse cultivation of vegetables, fruits, horticultural plants, etc., are specially heated, such as a heater, by the sunlight that passes through the peripheral material. Since the room becomes warm without using means, it is widely used to grow various crops in cold and winter areas.

Such a greenhouse structure can keep the inside of the greenhouse warm by daylight transmitted through the outer peripheral material during the daytime, but is not heated by sunlight at night or in bad weather, and the inside of the greenhouse becomes low temperature.
Therefore, when using such a greenhouse structure for cultivation of plants that dislike temperature changes, means for maintaining the inside of the greenhouse structure at an appropriate temperature is required.

As a technique for bringing the inside of the greenhouse structure to an appropriate temperature, for example, a technique described in Patent Document 1 can be cited.
In other words, a heat storage tank and a heat exchange device are provided separately from the greenhouse, and heat is circulated between the heat storage tank and the heat exchange device using a heat exchange medium such as water.
In such a heat exchange device, first, when the greenhouse becomes hot, such as in the daytime, air from the greenhouse with a high temperature is sent to the heat exchange device, and the air is contacted with a heat medium to perform heat exchange (cooling). Return to the greenhouse.
The heat medium heated by the air from the greenhouse is sent to the heat storage tank, is heat-exchanged with the heat storage material, cooled, and then circulated again to the heat exchange device. Thus, the cooled air is sent into the greenhouse, and heat is stored in the heat storage material.

  On the other hand, when the temperature of the greenhouse is low, such as at night, the heat medium in the heat storage tank is heated by the heat storage material that is stored in the daytime, and the heated heat medium and the cold air sent from the greenhouse are heat exchange devices. The heat exchanged at, the heated air is returned to the greenhouse and the greenhouse is heated.

  However, in the technique described in Patent Document 1, a heat storage tank, a heat exchange device, and the like must be provided in the greenhouse structure, which requires a large amount of equipment, which increases the cost of the entire greenhouse structure.

As another technique for adjusting the temperature in the greenhouse of the greenhouse structure, there is a technique as described in Non-Patent Document 1.
That is, it is a greenhouse structure using a concrete wall constructed to reinforce a slope or bank as a side wall inside the greenhouse.
In such a greenhouse structure, the heat in the concrete is used to store the heat in the greenhouse in the daytime, and the temperature in the greenhouse is adjusted by dissipating the heat from the stored concrete at night. Therefore, the temperature in the greenhouse can be adjusted with a simple facility without providing large-scale facilities such as a heat storage tank and a heat exchange device.

By the way, when such concrete is used, the inside of the greenhouse which has become high temperature cannot be cooled even though the inside of the greenhouse can be heated. Therefore, in order to cool the inside of the greenhouse, for example, watering the concrete and cooling the inside of the greenhouse with the heat of vaporization can be considered.
However, in summer and high-temperature areas, the concrete in the greenhouse becomes very hot. Even if water is sprayed on such high-temperature concrete, water will evaporate immediately from the concrete surface immediately after watering without penetrating into the concrete.
For this reason, it has been difficult to maintain a stable temperature in the greenhouse.
Further, in order to continuously perform the vaporization as described above, it is necessary to continuously sprinkle the concrete. However, since concrete has low water retention, a lot of useless water that flows down is required, and the cost increases.

JP 59-180222 A

Norihiro Hoshi, 3 other authors, “Technology for constructing a new greenhouse utilizing sloping land”, 2009 Agricultural Institute of Japan Conference, Abstract, Vol. 2010, p.85-86, issued in August 2010

  The present invention has been made in view of the above-described problems of the prior art, and provides a greenhouse structure capable of adjusting the temperature in the greenhouse structure at a low cost and a method for adjusting the temperature. Let it be an issue.

  A greenhouse structure according to the present invention includes an outer shell body that forms a space inside, and at least a part of the outer shell body is formed of a light-transmitting outer peripheral material, and temperature adjustment is performed in the space. The member is arrange | positioned and the said temperature adjustment member is provided with the heat storage material layer and the water retention material layer laminated | stacked so that it may contact | abut with the said heat storage material layer, It is characterized by the above-mentioned.

According to the greenhouse structure having such a configuration, the inside of the space is heated by light such as sunlight that passes through the outer peripheral material that is at least a part of the outer shell or the outside air temperature, and the temperature of the space becomes the heat storage material. When it becomes higher than the layer, heat is stored in the heat storage material layer. On the other hand, when the temperature of the space decreases at night and the temperature of the space becomes lower than the temperature of the heat storage material layer, the heat stored in the heat storage material layer is dissipated into the space, so the space is heated. Thus, the temperature in the space can be raised.
Thus, by arrange | positioning the temperature control member provided with the thermal storage material layer, when the air temperature in space falls, space can be heated using the heat stored by the thermal storage material layer.
Accordingly, it is possible to heat the space without using a large-scale device, and to obtain a greenhouse structure capable of adjusting the temperature at a low cost.
Further, when cooling the space, water is supplied to the water retention material layer of the temperature adjusting member.
Since the supplied water is sufficiently held inside the water-retaining material layer, the water hardly flows down, and the supplied water can be used for vaporization without waste. Therefore, the cost of water at the time of cooling can be reduced.
Moreover, since the water retentive material layer is heated by the heat of the heat storage material layer that is in contact with the water retentive material layer, the water retentive material layer can be efficiently vaporized and the space can be effectively cooled.

  In the greenhouse structure according to the present invention, the heat storage material layer has a specific heat of 0.5 kJ / kg · k to 2.0 kJ / kg · k and a thermal conductivity of 0.05 w / m · k to 50.0 w. / M · k or less is preferable.

When the specific heat and thermal conductivity of the heat storage material layer are within the above ranges, heat storage can be favorably performed, which is preferable.
In addition, it is preferable that the specific heat and thermal conductivity ranges of the heat storage material layer are within the above ranges because the time required for heat radiation is appropriate and the temperature of the space can be changed gently.

  In the greenhouse structure according to the present invention, the specific heat of the water retention material layer is smaller than the specific heat of the heat storage material layer, and the thermal conductivity of the water storage material layer is larger than the thermal conductivity of the heat storage material layer. It is preferable.

  When the specific heat and thermal conductivity of the water-retaining material layer are within the above ranges, heat is easily transferred from the heat storage material layer in contact with the water-retaining material layer.

  In the greenhouse structure according to the present invention, the heat storage material layer is preferably composed of at least one selected from the group consisting of mortar, concrete, asphalt, marble, brick, talc, wax, serpentine, and amphibolite.

  The heat storage material layer made of the material is preferable because it can store heat effectively.

  In the greenhouse structure according to the present invention, it is preferable that the water retention material layer is made of a porous material.

  In the case where the water retention material layer is made of a porous material, it is particularly preferable because the water retention capability of the water retention material layer can be increased.

  In the greenhouse structure according to the present invention, it is preferable that at least a part of a side surface of the outer shell body is made of soil, and the temperature adjusting member is arranged so as to contact the surface of the soil.

  In the case where at least a part of the side surface of the outer shell is made of soil and the temperature adjusting member is disposed so as to contact the surface of the soil, the heat insulation in the space is enhanced by the soil. The heat storage property in is increased.

  The method for adjusting the temperature of a greenhouse structure according to the present invention is laminated so that at least a part thereof is in contact with the heat storage material layer and the heat storage material in a space formed inside an outer shell made of a light transmissive outer peripheral material. A temperature adjusting method for a greenhouse structure in which a temperature adjusting member provided with a water retention material layer is disposed, wherein when the space is heated, the temperature of the space is higher than the temperature of the heat storage material layer. When the space is heated by radiating the heat stored in the heat storage material layer at a high temperature to radiate heat from the heat storage material layer, and the space is cooled, water is supplied to the water retention material layer, The space is cooled by vaporization of water held in the water-retaining material layer.

According to such a temperature control method for a greenhouse structure, when the space is heated when the temperature of the space is lowered, the space can be heated by the heat stored in the heat storage material layer when the space is at a high temperature. .
In addition, when the space is cooled when the temperature of the space becomes high, the space can be cooled by vaporizing the water retained in the water retention material layer by supplying water to the water retention material layer. The
In this way, since heat stored by the heat storage material layer can be used for heating, there is no need for a heating means or the like. At the same time, when water is supplied to the water retention material layer during cooling, water is not wasted. Water can be retained in the water-retaining material layer, and the space can be cooled by effectively using such water for vaporization.
Therefore, temperature adjustment can be performed at low cost.

  As described above, according to the greenhouse structure and the temperature adjustment method for the greenhouse structure according to the present invention, the temperature adjustment of the greenhouse structure can be performed at low cost.

The schematic sectional drawing which shows the greenhouse structure of one Embodiment. The schematic perspective view which shows the greenhouse structure of one Embodiment.

First, the greenhouse structure of this embodiment is demonstrated based on FIG.
The greenhouse structure 10 according to the present embodiment includes an outer shell body that forms a space 2 on the inner side and that is at least partly a light-transmitting outer peripheral material 1.
A temperature adjustment member 5 is disposed in the space 2, and the temperature adjustment member 5 includes a heat storage material layer 3 and a water retention material layer 4 laminated so as to contact the heat storage material layer 3. It is a structure provided.

The greenhouse structure 10 of this embodiment is installed using the surface of the soil from which soil such as a bank or an excavated slope is exposed.
The soil surface forms an outer shell soil side wall 11 that forms part of the outer shell body that is partitioned from the outside on one side surface of the greenhouse structure 1.
That is, the outer shell body includes the outer peripheral material 1 and the outer shell soil side wall 11, and in this embodiment, the space 2 is surrounded by the outer peripheral material 1, the outer shell soil side wall 11 and the ground 12.

As a method for installing the greenhouse structure 10, for example, as shown in FIG. 2, a plurality of support columns 6 made of arcuate pipes are prepared, and both ends of each support column 6 are connected to the outer shell soil side wall 11 and the ground 12. In addition, the greenhouse structure 10 can be installed by fixing the pillars 6 so as to have a predetermined interval and covering the outer surfaces of the pillars 6 with the outer peripheral material 1.
As shown in FIG. 2, the greenhouse structure 10 according to the present embodiment has an outer shell soil side wall 11 as one side surface, the outer shell soil side wall 11 to the ground 12, the roof and the outer shell soil side wall. 11 is a structure in which the other side surface facing 11 is formed by a continuous curved surface.

  The material used as the outer peripheral material 1 is a material that transmits light and blocks wind and rain, such as a transparent synthetic resin sheet or glass, and is a known material used as an outer peripheral material of a greenhouse structure. It can be used by appropriately selecting from among them.

In the space 2 of the greenhouse structure 10 of the present embodiment, the temperature adjusting member 5 is disposed on the entire surface of the outer shell soil side wall 11.
The temperature adjustment member 5 is a laminated plate in which a heat storage material layer 3 made of a material having heat storage properties and a water retention material layer 4 made of a material having water retention properties are laminated so as to come into contact with the entire surface. .
In the present embodiment, the temperature adjustment member 5 is placed on the outer shell soil side wall 11 so that the heat storage material layer 3 side of the temperature adjustment member 5 is in contact with the outer shell soil side wall 11 and the water retaining material 4 is exposed to the space 2. It is attached.

The heat storage material layer 3 is formed of a material having a property of storing heat when the space 2 is heated by sunlight or the like and the temperature of the space 2 becomes higher than that of the heat storage material layer.
Examples of such a material include hardened cement such as mortar and concrete, asphalt, marble, brick, talc, wax, serpentine, amphibolite, and the like.
Of these, when a hardened cement body such as mortar or concrete is used, it is preferable because of its good heat storage and low cost.
Each of the materials may be used alone or in combination of two or more of the materials.

In addition, as a heat storage material layer used by this embodiment, it says what consists of a material whose specific heat is larger than air.
Specifically, the heat storage material layer 3 preferably has a specific heat of, for example, 0.5 kJ / kg · k or more and 2.0 kJ / kg · k or less.
The heat storage material layer 3 preferably has a thermal conductivity of 0.05 w / m · k or more and 50.0 w / m · k or less.
In the case of such specific heat and thermal conductivity, the heat storage property is high and the heat of the space can be effectively stored. At the same time, the time required for heat dissipation is appropriate, so that a rapid temperature change is unlikely to occur, and the temperature change of the space Is preferable because it can be performed gently.

The size of the heat storage material layer 3 can be adjusted as appropriate according to the size of the greenhouse structure 10, but for example, it is a plate-like body that covers the entire surface of one side of the greenhouse structure. In consideration of the size of a general greenhouse structure, a plate-like body having a width of about 1 to 3 m and a length of about 10 to 50 m is preferable.
In addition, the thickness of the three layers of the heat storage material can be appropriately adjusted depending on the size of the greenhouse structure 10 and the volume of the space, but considering the size of the general greenhouse structure and the volume of the space, for example, It is preferable that it is about 10-200 mm.
If the size and thickness of the three layers of the heat storage material are within this range, heat can be effectively stored.

The water retention material layer as used in this embodiment means what is formed from the material which has water retention property at least rather than the heat storage material layer.
Furthermore, specifically, it is preferable to use a material capable of holding about 30 to 90% by mass of moisture with respect to its own weight.
Examples of the material for the water-retaining material layer 4 include natural porous minerals such as diatomaceous earth, kaolinite, zeolite and sepiolite, activated carbon, mesoporous silica, silica aluminate, silica, alumina, iron compounds and other inorganic porous materials, porous Use of various porous materials such as porous glass and porous concrete, or water-retaining materials such as water-absorbing polymer polymers.
Among these, inorganic porous materials such as silica, alumina, silica aluminate, and zeolite are preferable because of their high water retention.
Each of the materials may be used alone or in combination of two or more of the materials.

When the material is a powder, the material and a binder such as a resin are mixed and formed into a target shape, for example, a block or a sheet, to form the water retention material layer 4 having water retention. be able to.
Alternatively, the water-retaining material layer 4 can also be formed by making it into a paste like a spraying material, and spraying it on a target location and drying it.
When the material is formed into a molded product such as a block, it may be compression molded without using a binder.
Further, after molding, drying or firing may be performed.
Further, when a molded body or a paste-like material is used, it can be cut into a necessary size as appropriate, or formed into a desired shape by coating, drying, or the like.

It is preferable that the water retaining material layer 4 has a specific heat smaller than that of the heat storage material layer 3 and has a high thermal conductivity.
That is, it is preferable that the water retention material layer 4 is more likely to transfer heat than the heat storage material layer 3.
In such a case, the heat from the heat storage material layer can be taken in well, and the heat from the space 2 can be transmitted to the heat storage material layer 3 well.

The specific heat of the water retaining material layer 4 is preferably smaller than that of the heat storage material layer 3 and not less than 0.3 kJ / kg · k and not more than 1.0 kJ / kg · k.
Moreover, it is preferable that the specific heat conductivity of the water retention material layer 4 is larger than the said heat storage material layer 3, and is 0.5 w / m * k or more and 2.0 w / m * k or less.
Such a range of specific heat and thermal conductivity is preferable because heat can be effectively exchanged between the space 2 and the heat storage material layer 3.

When the size of the water-retaining material layer 4 is the same as the size of the heat storage material layer 3, it is preferable because heat exchange with the heat storage material layer 3 can be performed efficiently.
The thickness of the water retention material layer 4 is, for example, about 1 to 100 mm, preferably about 5 to 50 mm.
If it is this range, water required at the time of cooling can fully be hold | maintained.

As a method of laminating the heat storage material layer 3 and the water retention material layer 4 to form the temperature adjustment member 5, for example, the heat storage material layer 3 and the water retention material layer 4 formed in advance in a plate shape are partially formed. The temperature adjusting member 5 can be formed as a laminated plate by laminating together with an adhesive or the like.
Alternatively, the heat storage material layer 3 and the water retention material layer 4 are formed from a paste-like raw material, and the raw material paste of the heat storage material layer 3 is disposed at a place (in this embodiment, the outer shell soil side wall 11) where the temperature adjustment member 5 is disposed. Is applied and dried to form the heat storage material layer 3, and then the raw material paste of the water retentive material layer 4 is applied to the surface of the heat storage material 3 and dried to form the heat storage material layer 3 on the surface of the outer shell soil side wall 11. A temperature adjustment member 5 in which the heat storage material layer 3 and the water retention material layer 4 are laminated can be disposed.
Alternatively, either one of the heat storage material layer 3 or the water retention material layer 4 is formed in advance as a plate-like body, and the other raw material paste is laminated on the surface of the plate-like body, The temperature adjustment member 5 in which the heat storage material layer 3 and the water retention material layer 4 are laminated can be formed.

  Note that the greenhouse structure 10 of the present embodiment has a greenhouse structure in which the soil surface where the soil such as the bank and the excavated slope is exposed as described above is used as the outer shell soil side wall which is a part of the outer shell body. Although it is installed so that it may become one side of a body, when cement hardened bodies, such as a concrete for reinforcement and mortar, are constructed on the surface of this bank etc., this heat storage material layer 3 It may be used as

  Next, an embodiment of a method for adjusting the temperature in the greenhouse structure 10 will be described.

First, in a clear daytime or the like, the space 2 of the greenhouse structure 10 is heated by sunlight transmitted through the outer peripheral material 1 or by outside air when the outside air temperature is high. At this time, if the temperature of the space 2 becomes higher than the heat storage material layer 3 of the temperature adjustment member 5, the heat of the space is stored in the heat storage material layer 3.
In the present embodiment, the temperature adjustment member 5 is attached to the surface of the outer shell soil side wall 11 so that the water retention material layer 4 is exposed to the space 2, so that the heat of the space 2 passes through the water retention material layer 4. To the heat storage material layer 3.

On the other hand, at night or the like, sunlight is not inserted into the space 2 of the greenhouse structure 10 because it is not heated. Therefore, if the outside temperature decreases, the temperature in the space 2 also decreases.
When the temperature of the space 2 decreases and the temperature transmitted through the water retention material layer 4 becomes lower than the temperature of the heat storage material layer 3, the heat stored in the heat storage material layer 3 during the daytime is stored in the heat storage material layer 3. Radiated from the heat. Such heat from the heat storage material layer 3 is released to the space 2 through the water retention material layer 4, and a decrease in the temperature of the space 2 is suppressed.

  The water-retaining material layer 4 of the present embodiment is easy to take in heat and has high heat dissipation properties, so it can easily take in heat from the space 2 and transmit it to the heat storage material layer 3, and also release heat from the heat storage material layer 3 to the space 2. Easy to convey.

Further, when the greenhouse structure 10 is used in summer or a high temperature zone, the space 2 is also heated by heating from sunlight and high temperature outside air.
When cooling the space 2 that has become high in this manner, first, water for cooling is sprayed on the surface of the water-retaining material layer 4 exposed to the space 2 of the temperature adjustment member 5 with a hose or the like. By, supply.

Since the water retaining material layer 4 is made of a material having high water retaining properties as described above, the supplied water can be sufficiently retained inside.
Further, the water retentive material layer 4 is heated by the heat of the space 2 on the surface exposed to the space 2, and simultaneously contacts the heat storage material layer 3 on the surface opposite to the surface exposed to the space 2. Therefore, it is heated by the heat from the heat storage material layer 3.
Due to the heating, water retained inside is vaporized from the water-retaining material layer 4 to cool the space 2.

As described above, since the water-retaining material layer 4 sufficiently retains water, cooling by vaporization can be continued while the water-retaining material layer 4 retains water.
Further, since the water retaining material layer 4 can sufficiently hold water inside, there is little water that flows down and is wasted, and the space can be cooled using as little water as possible.

  In the greenhouse structure of the above embodiment, the outer shell is formed of the outer peripheral material 1 and the outer shell soil side wall 11, and the temperature adjusting member is disposed on the surface of the outer shell soil side wall. It is not a condition that a part of the outer shell is the outer shell soil side wall, and the entire outer shell body may be formed of the outer peripheral material.

Furthermore, in the said embodiment, although the temperature adjustment member was installed in the surface of the outer shell soil side wall 11 which is one inner surface of a greenhouse structure, the position which arrange | positions a temperature adjustment member is not limited to this. The greenhouse adjusting member may be disposed at any position in the space. For example, you may arrange | position on a bottom face (ground).
A plurality of temperature adjusting members may be arranged at a plurality of locations.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Peripheral material 2 Space 3 Thermal storage material layer 4 Water retention material layer 5 Temperature adjustment member 10 Greenhouse structure

Claims (7)

It is provided with an outer shell that forms a space inside, and at least a part of the outer shell is a greenhouse structure made of a light-transmitting outer peripheral material,
A temperature adjustment member is disposed in the space, and the temperature adjustment member includes a heat storage material layer and a water retention material layer laminated so as to contact the heat storage material layer. Greenhouse structure.   The specific heat of the heat storage material layer is 0.5 kJ / kg · k or more and 2.0 kJ / kg · k or less, and the thermal conductivity is 0.05 w / m · k or more and 50.0 w / m · k or less. Greenhouse structure as described.   The greenhouse according to claim 1 or 2, wherein a specific heat of the water retention material layer is smaller than a specific heat of the heat storage material layer, and a heat conductivity of the water retention material layer is larger than a heat conductivity of the heat storage material layer. Structure.   The greenhouse according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the heat storage material layer comprises at least one selected from the group consisting of mortar, concrete, asphalt, marble, brick, talc, wax, serpentine, and amphibolite. Structure.   The greenhouse structure according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the water-retaining material layer is made of a porous material.   The greenhouse structure according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein at least a part of a side surface of the outer shell body is made of soil, and the temperature adjusting member is disposed so as to contact the surface of the soil. Temperature control comprising a heat storage material layer and a water retention material layer laminated so as to contact the heat storage material in a space formed at least partially inside the outer shell made of a light-transmitting outer peripheral material A temperature adjusting method for a greenhouse structure in which members are arranged,
When heating the space, the space is heated by dissipating the heat stored in the heat storage material layer from the heat storage material layer when the temperature of the space is higher than the temperature of the heat storage material layer, When cooling the space, water is supplied to the water retention material layer, and the space is cooled by vaporization of the water retained in the water retention material layer. Method.

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