JP2013036456A - Temperature difference power generation apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a temperature difference power generation apparatus capable of suppressing an equipment initial cost low by improving the efficiency of thermal energy and the output of power generation and miniaturizing an apparatus.SOLUTION: An actuation medium 3 heated by a heat source fluid 1 is separated into a gaseous actuation medium 5 comprising a low boiling point component and a high-temperature solution 6 comprising a high boiling point component with a gas-liquid separator 4. In a thermal system which guides the actuation medium 5 to a power generator driving device 7 and rotates a power generator 8, the high-temperature solution 6 separated by the gas-liquid separator 4 is thermally exchanged with an actuation medium 13 on the low temperature side by a thermal recovery device 14, and thereafter, used for a driving source of an ejector 9. An actuation medium 5b exhausted by the power generator driving device 7 is mixed with the high-temperature solution 6 at an inner part of the ejector 9, and while the pressure is elevated, sent to a condenser 11. An actuation medium 10 sucked by a heat medium solution sending pump 12 is pressurized to become an actuation medium 13 and is led to an evaporator 2 through the thermal recovery device 14. Such a thermal cycle is repeated and energy held by the heat source fluid 1 is converted into electric power.

Description

  The present invention effectively takes out and takes out energy by using a mixture of two or more kinds of heat media having different boiling points from a relatively low temperature heat source fluid such as seawater temperature difference, solar heat or factory waste heat. The present invention relates to a system that efficiently uses energy and rotates a rotating device such as a steam turbine, a screw turbine, or a rotary turbine to generate power with high efficiency.

As a temperature difference power generation method that effectively extracts energy from a relatively low-temperature heat source fluid, for example, a carina cycle that uses ammonia and water as a mixed heat medium is a basic heat cycle, and a waferra cycle that improves this carina cycle. (See, for example, the following patent document) is used in the seawater temperature difference power generation and industrial waste heat recovery fields.
Hereinafter, the carina cycle and the wafer racer will be described with reference.

  In the above-mentioned Carina cycle and Uehara cycle, the ammonia gas evaporated by the heat source fluid is supplied as a working medium to a rotating device such as a steam turbine, and then the low-pressure and low-temperature ammonia gas expanded by the rotating device is dissolved in water. Increase the efficiency of the thermal cycle by promoting the reduction of the low temperature side pressure of the thermal cycle, and expand the thermal energy of the high temperature solution separated by the gas-liquid separator that is not supplied to the rotating equipment in the rotating equipment such as a steam turbine. The heat cycle efficiency is enhanced by exchanging heat with the finished low-temperature heat medium.

  In the Uehara cycle, the steam turbine is divided into two stages, the high-pressure side and the low-pressure side, and arranged in series, and the total amount of ammonia gas extracted from the ammonia gas expanded by the high-pressure side steam turbine and condensed by the condenser is calculated. The efficiency of the thermal cycle is increased by reducing the temperature and installing a heat exchanger that uses the extracted air.

  Patent Publication No. 7-94815

  Technical Development Promotion Project Completion Report (Practical Development of Low Temperature Waste Heat Recovery Power Generation Equipment, Public Version, March 2006), I-35 RITE-Osaka Taisho 2nd Laboratory

  In the above-described Carina cycle and Uehara cycle, it is an important theme to improve the power generation output by further increasing the effective use of energy held by the working medium. Further, although the efficiency of the wafer la cycle is higher than that of the carina cycle, the apparatus configuration is complicated, and simplification of the apparatus is required.

  In order to increase the thermal cycle efficiency of the above-described carina cycle and wafer racer cycle, it is necessary to improve the performance of each component device, such as increasing the efficiency of a generator, a rotating device or a heat exchanger that drives the generator, and the like. In addition, it is well known that in the wafer cycle, the thermal cycle efficiency increases if the number of extraction stages is further increased and the number of heat exchange stages is increased. However, with this method, there is a limit to the increase in efficiency, and it is expensive due to the high performance of the equipment that makes up the cycle. In addition, the equipment configuration is very complicated, so there is a problem of initial equipment cost. Has a limit. In addition, the complicated configuration of the equipment complicates the operation, so the introduction to facilities where there are no specialists who handle this type of equipment, such as small and medium-sized buildings and homes, has a handling problem and hinders the introduction. Has been.

  In addition, especially in power generation systems that generate power by recovering relatively low-temperature energy that has been discarded without being used in the past, such as industrial waste heat and hot spring surplus heat, facilities are installed in terms of equipment installation costs and energy recovery effects. Reduction of initial costs is an important issue. In addition, when solar thermal power generation is introduced into small and medium-sized buildings and households, the installation space for power generation equipment is limited, so the power generation equipment used in such small-scale facilities can reduce equipment initial costs and simplify equipment. Downsizing and downsizing are desired.

  Therefore, the present invention further reduces the low-pressure side pressure of the heat medium by effectively using the energy held by the high-temperature solution after gas-liquid separation that has not yet been effectively used in the carina cycle or the wafer cycle. An object is to provide a temperature difference power generator capable of reducing the size of the apparatus and reducing the initial cost of equipment by increasing efficiency and further simplifying the system configuration by reducing the equipment and piping that make up this thermal cycle. .

  In order to make effective use of the energy held by the high-temperature solution after gas-liquid separation that is not effectively used, the ejector that newly installs this high-temperature solution that is simply depressurized and supplied to the low-pressure side according to the present invention The low-pressure side pressure of the generator drive unit is lowered by sucking the working medium exhausted from the generator drive unit into the ejector low-pressure part, which has become a low pressure due to the ejection of this high-temperature solution. Efficiency increases and power generation output can be improved.

  This ejector also has a function for transferring and mixing the heat medium, and can easily transfer and mix the gas component and solution component in the apparatus. Installation of pumps and tanks can be omitted. Therefore, the number of components can be reduced and piping can be simplified, and the required power in the apparatus necessary for continuing the heat cycle can be kept low, so that the power generation output can be improved accordingly. In addition, since the entire apparatus can be reduced in size, it is possible to reduce the installation space and the initial equipment cost.

  In addition, the ejector has a very simple structure and is easy to handle compared to a centrifugal pump, etc., so that it can contribute to simplification of operation and maintenance of facilities. In particular, the effect of adopting this ejector method is further increased in an apparatus that employs a bleed method such as Uehara cycle and has a complicated equipment configuration.

Basic system diagram of the ejector according to the first embodiment of the present invention Outline diagram of the internal structure of the ejector in FIGS. 1, 3 and 4 of the present invention Device system diagram of single stage bleed system of embodiment 2 of the present invention System diagram of the improved heat medium feeding system according to the third embodiment of the present invention Device system diagram showing liquid storage tank alternate switching state in Embodiment 3 of the present invention

Mode for carrying out the invention

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described based on illustrated Examples 1 to 3.

  First, an embodiment corresponding to claims 1 and 2 of the present invention is shown in FIG. Moreover, the outline | summary of the ejector internal structure used by this Example 1 is shown in FIG.

  The working medium 3 heated by the heat source fluid 1 is separated by a gas-liquid separator 4 into a working medium 5 mainly composed of ammonia gas and a high temperature solution 6 composed of an ammonia component and a water component. By supplying the generator drive device 7 composed of a rotary turbine or the like and rotating the generator 8, the heat energy held by the heat source fluid 1 is converted into electric energy.

  The high-temperature solution 6 separated by the gas-liquid separator 4 passes through an automatic liquid level control valve 4 a provided in the gas-liquid separator 4 and is heat-exchanged with the low-temperature working medium 13 by the heat recovery unit 14. And is ejected from the nozzle of the ejector low-pressure part 9 a to form a low-pressure part inside the ejector 9.

The working medium 5b exhausted from the generator driving device 7 is sucked into the ejector low-pressure part 9a, and then mixed with the high-temperature solution 6 supplied as an ejector driving source in the ejector mixing part 9b. Further, the mixed working medium is increased in pressure by the ejector pressure recovery section 9 c to become the working fluid 10, sent to the condenser 11, and further condensed and cooled by the cooling medium 22. In order to adjust the function inside the ejector, the high temperature solution 6 serving as the drive source of the ejector may be cooled by the cooling medium 22 by the cooler 21.

  The working medium 10 exiting the condenser 11 is sucked by a heat medium feeding pump 12 driven by a pump driving device 12a composed of an electric motor or the like, and is boosted to a pressure at which liquid can be fed against the high-pressure side pressure. Thus, the working medium 13 is reached through the heat recovery device 14 and the evaporator 2. This heat cycle is continuously repeated, and the energy held by the heat source fluid 1 is converted into electric power.

  By adopting the ejector 9 as described above, the pressure of the working medium 5b discharged from the generator driving device 7 can be lowered, and the working medium 6 and the working medium 5b can be effectively mixed inside the ejector 9. Thus, the pressure of the working medium 10 discharged from the ejector 9 can be lowered, so that the efficiency of the heat cycle is increased and the power generation output is improved.

  In the current Carina cycle and Uehara cycle, the ejector 9 shown in the present invention is not installed, and in each of these cycles, the high temperature solution is simply supplied to the low pressure side through the pressure reducing valve. The energy stored in the high temperature solution 6 is not effectively used.

  Next, an embodiment corresponding to claims 1, 2 and 3 of the present invention is shown in FIG. Moreover, the outline | summary of the ejector internal structure used by this Example 2 is shown in FIG.

  The working medium 3 heated by the heat source fluid 1 is separated by a gas-liquid separator 4 into a working medium 5 mainly composed of ammonia gas and a high-temperature solution 6 composed of ammonia and water components. The working medium 5 is composed of a steam turbine or the like. The heat energy held by the heat source fluid 1 is converted into electric energy by rotating the generator 8 that is supplied to the generator driving device 7 that is operated.

  The high-temperature solution 6 separated by the gas-liquid separator 4 is subjected to heat exchange with the low-temperature working medium 13 by the heat recovery device 14B via the automatic liquid level control valve 4a provided in the gas-liquid separator 4, It is supplied to the ejector 9 and ejected from the nozzle of the ejector low pressure portion 9 a to form a low pressure portion inside the ejector 9. In order to adjust the function inside the ejector, the high temperature solution 6 serving as the drive source of the ejector may be cooled by the cooling medium 22 by the cooler 21.

  The working medium 5 c extracted from the middle of the expansion stroke of the generator driving device 7 is led to the heat recovery unit 14 </ b> A, exchanges heat with the working medium 13, and then led to the mixing tank 20. An appropriate amount of the gas staying in the upper part of the mixing tank is sucked into the ejector low-pressure part 9a as the mixing tank vent 23 through the orifice 20a.

  The working medium 5b exhausted from the generator driving device 7 is sucked into the ejector low-pressure part 9a and then mixed with the high-temperature solution 6 and the mixing tank vent 23 supplied as the ejector driving source in the ejector mixing part 9b. Further, this working medium is increased in pressure by the ejector pressure recovery section 9c, becomes the working medium 10, is sent to the condenser 11, is further condensed and cooled by the cooling medium 22, is sent to the mixing tank 20, and is sent to the working system 5c of the extraction system. Mixed.

  The working medium mixed in the mixing tank 20 is sucked by the heat medium feeding pump 12 driven by a pump driving device 12a constituted by an electric motor or the like, and reaches a pressure at which liquid can be fed against the pressure on the high pressure side. The pressure is increased to become the working medium 13 and reach the evaporator 2 through the heat recovery device 14A and the heat recovery device 14B. This heat cycle is continuously repeated, and the energy held by the heat source fluid is converted into electric power.

  In the second embodiment, the heat cycle efficiency can be improved by guiding the working medium 5c extracted from the middle of the expansion stroke of the generator driving device 7 to the mixing tank 20 after exchanging heat with the heat recovery unit 14A. Furthermore, since the arrangement of the current cycle component equipment can be simplified by installing the ejector 9 of the present invention as the apparatus configuration necessary for realizing this bleed system, the equipment can be downsized and the equipment initial cost can be reduced. .

  In the current Uehara cycle, the extraction method is adopted, but the high temperature solution 6 is simply supplied to the low pressure side through the pressure reducing valve, and the energy held by the high temperature solution 6 is not effectively used. The arrangement of the constituent devices is also more complicated than that of the present invention.

  Next, an embodiment corresponding to claims 1, 2 and 4 of the present invention is shown in FIG. Moreover, the outline | summary of the ejector internal structure used in this Example 3 is shown in FIG.

  The working medium 3 heated by the heat source fluid 1 is separated by a gas-liquid separator 4 into a working medium 5 mainly composed of ammonia gas and a high-temperature solution 6 composed of ammonia and water components. The working medium 5 is composed of a steam turbine or the like. The heat energy held by the heat source fluid 1 is converted into electric energy by rotating the generator 8 that is supplied to the generator driving device 7 that is operated.

  The high-temperature solution 6 separated by the gas-liquid separator 4 is subjected to heat exchange with the working medium 13 on the low-temperature side by the heat recovery device 14 via the automatic liquid level control valve 4 a provided in the gas-liquid separator 4. It is supplied to the ejector 9 and ejected from the nozzle of the ejector low pressure portion 9 a to form a low pressure portion inside the ejector 9. In order to adjust the function inside the ejector, the high temperature solution 6 serving as the drive source of the ejector may be cooled by the cooling medium 22 by the cooler 21.

  The working medium 5b exhausted from the generator driving device 7 is sucked into the ejector low-pressure part 9a and mixed with the high-temperature solution 6 supplied as a drive source in the ejector mixing part 9b. Further, the pressure of the working medium is increased by the ejector pressure recovery unit 9 c to become the working medium 10, which is sent to the condenser 11 and further condensed and cooled by the cooling medium 22.

  The working medium 10 exiting the condenser 11 is alternately stored in the liquid storage tank 15A or 15B. However, in a case at a certain time point shown in FIG. 4, the internal pressure of the liquid storage tank 15A is controlled by a switching valve (for exhaust) 16. Thus, the ejector low-pressure part 9a is sucked as the liquid storage tank exhaust 19 to become a low pressure, and the working medium 10 is sucked to this low pressure in the liquid storage tank 15A and sequentially stored in the liquid storage tank 15A.

Contrary to the above liquid storage process, the working medium 10 sucked and stored in the liquid storage tank 15B is branched from the working medium 5 on the high pressure side via the switching valve (for pressurization) 17. When the pressure of 5a is applied, the working medium 10 stored in the liquid storage tank 15B is heated by a pump driving device 12a constituted by an electric motor or the like via a switching valve (for liquid feeding) 18. It is sucked by the medium feed pump 12 to become a high-pressure side heat medium 13 and reaches the evaporator 2 through the heat recovery device 14.

  When the heat medium 10 inside the liquid storage tank 15B is fed by the heat medium liquid feed pump 12 and the liquid storage tank 15B becomes empty, a drop in the liquid level in the liquid storage tank 15B is detected (however, the liquid level detection device is described in FIG. 4). The switching valve (for exhaust) 16, the switching valve (for pressurization) 17, and the switching valve (for liquid feeding) 18 are each switched from the operating position shown in FIG. 4 to the operating position shown in FIG. As a result, the working medium 10 starts to be sucked and stored in the liquid storage tank 15B, and at the same time, the working medium 10 of the liquid storage tank 15A that is full is operated via a switching valve (for pressurization) 17 on the high pressure side. The pressure of the working medium 5a branched from the medium 5 is applied, and the working medium 10 inside the liquid storage tank 15A is sucked into the heat medium liquid feeding pump 12 via the switching valve (for liquid feeding) 18. Thereafter, the storage tanks 15A and 15B alternately repeat the same switching operation, and the working medium 10 is transferred from the low pressure side to the high pressure side. This cycle is continuously repeated to convert the energy held by the heat source fluid into electric power.

  In the case at a certain time point shown in FIG. 4, the pressure on the high pressure side is applied to the heat medium 10 stored in the liquid storage tank 15 </ b> B via the switching valve (for pressurization) 17 as described above. The heat medium 10 sucked by the heat medium feeding pump 12 does not need to be boosted from the low pressure side to the high pressure side of the main heat cycle, and the required power of the pump drive device 12a is that the working medium 13 is the outlet of the heat medium feeding pump 12. Only the power corresponding to the resistance of the pipe from the gas to the gas-liquid separator 4 is required. Therefore, according to the present invention, the required power of the pump drive unit 12a is very small compared with the current carina cycle or wafer balance cycle in which liquid is directly fed from the low pressure side to the high pressure side of the thermal cycle, and as a result, the power generation output is improved. Can do.

  Further, in the current carina cycle and the weirer cycle, the ejector 9 shown in the present invention is not installed. Therefore, in each of these cycles, the high temperature solution 6 is simply supplied to the low pressure side through the pressure reducing valve. The energy held by this high-temperature liquid is not used effectively.

  The present invention is not limited to the embodiments shown in Examples 1 to 3 above, and the type of the heat medium sucked by the ejector is a substance other than the mixed solution of ammonia and water as long as it is a substance to which the function of the present invention can be applied. Substances can also be used. Further, the extraction position and the number of extraction stages of the working medium extracted from the generator driving device can also be set to a number other than this embodiment. In addition, the arrangement of components including the ejector and the piping system can be appropriately changed in design according to the actual situation.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Heat source fluid 2 Evaporator 3 Working medium 4 Gas-liquid separator 4a Liquid level automatic control valve 5 Working medium 5a Working medium 5b Working medium 6 High temperature solution 7 Generator drive device 8 Generator 9 Ejector 9a Ejector low pressure part 9b Ejector mixing part 9c Ejector pressure recovery unit 10 Working medium 11 Condenser 12 Heat medium feed pump 12a Pump drive unit 13 Working medium 14 Heat recovery unit 14A Heat recovery unit 14B Heat recovery unit 15A Storage tank 15B Storage tank 16 Switching valve (for exhaust )
17 Switching valve (for pressurization)
18 Switching valve (for liquid feeding)
19 Storage tank exhaust 20 Mixing tank 20a Orifice 21 Cooler 22 Cooling medium 23 Mixing tank vent

Claims (4)

  It is a binary power generation system that generates power by supplying steam from a low boiling point working medium evaporated by heat exchange with the heat source fluid to a generator drive device such as a steam turbine, an evaporator using the heat source fluid as a heating source, and heated operation The working medium is a closed loop that combines a gas-liquid separator that separates the medium into a solution and a gas, a generator drive unit such as a steam turbine, a condenser, a heat medium feed pump, and a heat recovery unit in series. In a thermal cycle configuration, an ejector having a solution source separated by the gas-liquid separator as a driving source is installed, and the working medium exhausted from the generator driving device is sucked by this ejector. A temperature difference power generation device.   2. The temperature difference power generator according to claim 1, wherein the working medium exhausted from the generator driving device sucked by the ejector and the solution separated by the gas-liquid separator are mixed inside the ejector, and further mixed. A temperature difference power generator comprising the ejector having a function of increasing the pressure of the working medium inside the ejector and sending it to a condenser.   3. The temperature difference power generator according to claim 1, wherein a part of the working medium is extracted from the middle of the working medium expansion process in the generator driving device, and the working medium is heat-exchanged with a low-temperature working medium by a heat recovery device. After that, a temperature difference power generator is configured to cause the ejector to suck a gas component generated from the bleed air.   The temperature difference power generation device according to any one of claims 1, 2, and 3, wherein the working medium exiting the condenser using the ejector low-pressure part is sucked into the liquid storage tank, and the liquid storage tank is supplied with the high-pressure side. A temperature difference power generation apparatus configured to apply the pressure of the working medium and to transfer the working medium from the low pressure side to the high pressure side with low power.

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