JP2013033070A - Material testing machine - Google Patents

Material testing machine Download PDF

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JP2013033070A
JP2013033070A JP2012256004A JP2012256004A JP2013033070A JP 2013033070 A JP2013033070 A JP 2013033070A JP 2012256004 A JP2012256004 A JP 2012256004A JP 2012256004 A JP2012256004 A JP 2012256004A JP 2013033070 A JP2013033070 A JP 2013033070A
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pinion shaft
chuck
testing machine
material testing
test piece
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JP5477454B2 (en
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Kohei Toyama
晃平 遠山
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Shimadzu Corp
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Shimadzu Corp
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Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a material testing machine with a pinion-shaft fixing structure capable of withstanding a load applied to both ends of the pinion shaft due to fracture shock of a test piece.SOLUTION: A pressing member 70 for pressing a pair of disc springs 46 which mutually energize the pinion shaft 41 towards the center is fixed to an upper crosshead 23 by bolts 71. The pressing member 70 has a hole part corresponding to the thickness of the ends of the pinion shaft 41 formed thereon, and the end of the pinion shaft 41 is inserted into the hole part. Therefore, the pressing member 70 not only press the disc springs 46 disposed around the end of the pinion shaft 41 but also fix the pinion shaft 41 to the upper crosshead 23 in a freely rotatable state.

Description

この発明は、試験片のつかみ具にチャック機構を備える材料試験機に関する。   The present invention relates to a material testing machine including a chuck mechanism for a gripping tool of a test piece.

従来より、試験片の引張試験や疲労試験等を行う材料試験機では、上クロスヘッドと下クロスヘッドに配設されたつかみ具に試験片を挟持させた状態で、試験片に種々の負荷を与える試験が行われている(特許文献1参照)。このようなつかみ具としては、つかみ歯(チャック)を有するチャックホルダーを備えたくさび式つかみ具と呼称されるつかみ具が使用されている。このつかみ具では、一対のつかみ歯間の間隔が狭くなる試験片の挟持位置で試験片を挟持し、つかみ歯間の間隔が広くなる開放位置で試験片を開放する構成となっている。そして、つかみ歯の挟持位置および開放位置への移動は、チャックを支持するチャックホルダーを上下に移動させることにより行っている(特許文献1および特許文献2参照)。   Conventionally, in a material testing machine that performs a tensile test or a fatigue test of a test piece, various loads are applied to the test piece in a state where the test piece is sandwiched between grips disposed on the upper crosshead and the lower crosshead. The test to give is performed (refer patent document 1). As such a gripping tool, a gripping tool called a wedge-type gripping tool having a chuck holder having gripping teeth (chuck) is used. In this gripping tool, the test piece is clamped at the holding position of the test piece where the distance between the pair of gripping teeth is narrow, and the test piece is opened at the open position where the distance between the gripping teeth is widened. The gripping teeth are moved to the clamping position and the opening position by moving the chuck holder supporting the chuck up and down (see Patent Document 1 and Patent Document 2).

さらに図3および図4を参照して、従来の材料試験機におけるつかみ具について、上クロスヘッドのつかみ具を例に説明する。図3は、従来の材料試験機の上クロスヘッド123の断面図である。従来のつかみ具は、上クロスヘッド123内に形成された孔部53に、それぞれつかみ歯51を配設した一対のくさび型のチャックホルダー52を備え、上クロスヘッド123とチャックホルダー52との間にはライナー54が配設された構成となっている。チャックホルダー52の側面には、ラック57が形成されており、ピニオン軸41にはラック57の歯型に対応するピニオン58が形成されている。このようなラックアンドピニオン構造によりチャックホルダー52は、上クロスヘッド123を貫通するピニオン軸41の回転と同期して、上下移動する。そして、上クロスヘッド123における孔部53はチャックホルダー52のくさび型に対応するテーパー面を有し、ライナー54もテーパー面に沿って傾斜した状態で備えられる。このため、チャックホルダー52の傾斜に沿った上下移動に伴って、つかみ歯51間の間隔が狭くなり試験片を挟持する挟持位置と、つかみ歯51間の間隔が広くなる試験片の開放位置とに移動可能となっている。   Further, with reference to FIGS. 3 and 4, the grip in the conventional material testing machine will be described by taking the grip of the upper crosshead as an example. FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the upper crosshead 123 of the conventional material testing machine. The conventional gripping tool includes a pair of wedge-shaped chuck holders 52 each provided with gripping teeth 51 in a hole 53 formed in the upper crosshead 123, and between the upper crosshead 123 and the chuck holder 52. In this configuration, a liner 54 is provided. A rack 57 is formed on the side surface of the chuck holder 52, and a pinion 58 corresponding to the tooth shape of the rack 57 is formed on the pinion shaft 41. With such a rack and pinion structure, the chuck holder 52 moves up and down in synchronization with the rotation of the pinion shaft 41 that penetrates the upper cross head 123. The hole 53 in the upper cross head 123 has a tapered surface corresponding to the wedge shape of the chuck holder 52, and the liner 54 is also provided in an inclined state along the tapered surface. Therefore, as the chuck holder 52 moves up and down along the inclination, the gap between the gripping teeth 51 becomes narrower and the test piece is held, and the test piece opened position where the gap between the gripping teeth 51 becomes wider. It is possible to move to.

ピニオン軸41は、上クロスヘッド123に固定された一対の軸受け42に軸支されるとともに、その両端には一対のナットからなるロックナット43が締結される。これにより、ピニオン軸41の軸方向の移動が規制され、ピニオン軸41の上クロスヘッド123からの抜けや、ラック57とピニオン58との噛み合わせ位置のズレが防止される。なお、ロックナット43と軸受け42との間には皿ばね46と菊座金60(ベアリングワッシャー)が介挿されており、ピニオン軸41の一端にはピニオン軸41を回転させるためのハンドル30が配設される。また、クロスヘッド123の上部から軸受け42の摺動部(ブッシュ)に向かって潤滑油を供給するための油穴48が形成されている。   The pinion shaft 41 is supported by a pair of bearings 42 fixed to the upper cross head 123, and lock nuts 43 including a pair of nuts are fastened to both ends thereof. Thereby, the movement of the pinion shaft 41 in the axial direction is restricted, and the pinion shaft 41 is prevented from coming off from the upper cross head 123 and the meshing position between the rack 57 and the pinion 58 is shifted. A disc spring 46 and a star washer 60 (bearing washer) are inserted between the lock nut 43 and the bearing 42, and a handle 30 for rotating the pinion shaft 41 is disposed at one end of the pinion shaft 41. Established. An oil hole 48 for supplying lubricating oil from the upper part of the cross head 123 toward the sliding part (bush) of the bearing 42 is formed.

図4は、従来の材料試験機における菊座金60を示す説明図である。この菊座金60は、その内側に形成された歯61をピニオン軸41に形成されたキー溝44に噛み合わせるように挿入される。そして、菊座金60を介挿したピニオン軸41の両端をロックナット43で締めた後、ロックナット43側に向かって菊座金60の外側の歯62を変形させる。このようにして、ロックナット43の回転を防止してピニオン軸41の位置を固定している。   FIG. 4 is an explanatory view showing a star washer 60 in a conventional material testing machine. The star washer 60 is inserted so that the teeth 61 formed inside thereof are engaged with the key grooves 44 formed on the pinion shaft 41. Then, both ends of the pinion shaft 41 with the star washer 60 inserted are tightened with the lock nut 43, and then the outer teeth 62 of the star washer 60 are deformed toward the lock nut 43 side. In this way, the rotation of the lock nut 43 is prevented and the position of the pinion shaft 41 is fixed.

特開2003−232710号公報JP 2003-232710 A 特開平7−218406号公報JP 7-218406 A

このようなつかみ具に試験片を挟持させた状態で試験片に負荷を付与する材料試験では、その試験実行中に試験片が破断した場合には、試験片に加えられていた力が急激に開放される。このため、試験片が、特に上クロスヘッド123に向かって押し上げられる。このときの試験片を上方に移動させる力は、つかみ歯51を介してチャックホルダー52に伝達され、チャックホルダー52が上方に移動し、さらに、このチャックホルダー52の動きに同期してピニオン軸41が回転する。しかしながら、試験力の大きさによっては、チャックホルダー52の動きに同期したピニオン軸41の回転に、ピニオン軸41の両端部まで同期しきれない場合がある。そうすると、ピニオン軸41の両端に締結されたロックナット43およびその付近に回転負荷がかかることになり、菊座金60を破損したり、ロックナット43に緩みが生じる恐れがある。   In a material test in which a load is applied to a test piece while holding the test piece in such a gripping tool, if the test piece breaks during the execution of the test, the force applied to the test piece is suddenly increased. Opened. For this reason, the test piece is pushed up toward the upper cross head 123 in particular. The force for moving the test piece upward at this time is transmitted to the chuck holder 52 via the gripping teeth 51, the chuck holder 52 moves upward, and further, the pinion shaft 41 is synchronized with the movement of the chuck holder 52. Rotates. However, depending on the magnitude of the test force, the rotation of the pinion shaft 41 synchronized with the movement of the chuck holder 52 may not be synchronized to both ends of the pinion shaft 41. As a result, a rotational load is applied to the lock nut 43 fastened to both ends of the pinion shaft 41 and the vicinity thereof, and the star washer 60 may be damaged or the lock nut 43 may be loosened.

この発明は上記課題を解決するためになされたものであり、試験片の破断ショックによるピニオン軸両端部への負荷に耐えることが可能なピニオン軸固定構造を備えた材料試験機を提供することを目的とする。   The present invention has been made to solve the above-described problems, and provides a material testing machine having a pinion shaft fixing structure capable of withstanding a load on both ends of a pinion shaft due to a breaking shock of a test piece. Objective.

請求項1に記載の発明は、各々チャック歯を有する一対のチャック部材と、ピニオン軸と、前記チャック部材と前記ピニオン軸の軸受けとを支持する支持部材とを備え、前記チャック部材には前記ピニオン軸の回転と共働して前記チャック部材を移動させるラックが形成され、前記チャック部材を前記チャック部材間の間隔が広くなる試験片の開放位置と、前記チャック部材間の間隔が狭くなる試験片の挟持位置とに移動させて、試験片のつかみ具を開閉させる材料試験機において、前記ピニオン軸の両端部に、当該ピニオン軸を中心に向かって互いに付勢する一対のバネ部材と、前記一対のバネ部材を押さえるための、前記支持部材に固定された押さえ部材と、を備えることを特徴とする。   The invention according to claim 1 includes a pair of chuck members each having a chuck tooth, a pinion shaft, and a support member that supports the chuck member and a bearing of the pinion shaft, and the chuck member includes the pinion. A rack for moving the chuck member in cooperation with the rotation of the shaft is formed, and the test piece is opened at a position where the interval between the chuck members becomes wider and the interval between the chuck members becomes smaller. In the material testing machine that opens and closes the gripping tool of the test piece, the pair of spring members that urge each other toward the center of the pinion shaft at the both ends of the pinion shaft, and the pair And a pressing member fixed to the support member for pressing the spring member.

請求項2に記載の発明は、請求項1に記載の発明において、前記チャック部材に形成されたラックと前記ピニオン軸のピニオンは、はす歯である。   The invention according to claim 2 is the invention according to claim 1, wherein the rack formed on the chuck member and the pinion of the pinion shaft are helical teeth.

請求項1および請求項2に記載の発明によれば、支持部材に固定された押さえ部材を備え、この押さえ部材でピニオン軸の両端の位置を固定することにより、ピニオン軸の両端への回転負荷に対して、ピニオン軸の軸方向のズレを防止することが可能となる。   According to invention of Claim 1 and Claim 2, it is provided with the pressing member fixed to the supporting member, and the rotational load to the both ends of a pinion shaft is fixed by fixing the position of the both ends of a pinion shaft with this pressing member. On the other hand, the axial displacement of the pinion shaft can be prevented.

請求項2に記載の発明によれば、はす歯のラックアンドピニオン構造を備えることにより、チャックホルダーの移動を滑らかに行うことができる。   According to the second aspect of the present invention, the chuck holder can be smoothly moved by providing the rack and pinion structure of the helical teeth.

この発明に係る材料試験機の平面図および正面図である。It is the top view and front view of the material testing machine which concern on this invention. この発明に係る材料試験機の上クロスヘッド23の断面図である。It is sectional drawing of the upper crosshead 23 of the material testing machine based on this invention. 従来の材料試験機の上クロスヘッド123の断面図である。It is sectional drawing of the upper crosshead 123 of the conventional material testing machine. 従来の材料試験機における菊座金60を示す説明図である。It is explanatory drawing which shows the star washers 60 in the conventional material testing machine.

以下、この発明の実施の形態を図面を参照して説明する。図1はこの発明に係る材料試験機の平面図および正面図である。図2は、この発明に係る材料試験機の上クロスヘッド23の断面図である。なお、先に図3を参照して説明した従来の材料試験機と同様の部材については、同一の符号を付し、詳細な説明は省略する。   Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a plan view and a front view of a material testing machine according to the present invention. FIG. 2 is a sectional view of the upper crosshead 23 of the material testing machine according to the present invention. Note that members similar to those of the conventional material testing machine described above with reference to FIG. 3 are denoted by the same reference numerals, and detailed description thereof is omitted.

この材料試験機は、試験片10に負荷を与えるラムシリンダ18と、ラムシリンダ18により昇降されるテーブル16と、このテーブル16上の対角線位置に立設された一対の支柱15と、一対の支柱15の上端に設けられた上クロスヘッド23と、テーブル15を貫通して支柱15とは異なる対角線位置に立設された一対のねじ棹17と、一対のねじ棹17と螺合するナットを備え、ねじ棹17に対して昇降する下クロスヘッド24とを備える。上クロスヘッド23と下クロスヘッド24には、それぞれつかみ具が内設されおり、試験片10は、その両端をこれらのつかみ具により挟持される。   This material testing machine includes a ram cylinder 18 that applies a load to the test piece 10, a table 16 that is moved up and down by the ram cylinder 18, a pair of support columns 15 that are erected at diagonal positions on the table 16, and a pair of support columns. 15 is provided with an upper cross head 23 provided at the upper end of 15, a pair of screw rods 17 erected at diagonal positions different from the column 15 through the table 15, and nuts screwed with the pair of screw rods 17. And a lower cross head 24 that moves up and down with respect to the screw rod 17. The upper cross head 23 and the lower cross head 24 each have a gripping tool, and the test piece 10 is clamped at both ends by these gripping tools.

上クロスヘッド23には、後述する上クロスヘッド23を貫通するピニオン軸41が配設され、ピニオン軸41の一端にはピニオン軸41を回転させるためのハンドル30が配設される。なお、このハンドル30は、下クロスヘッド24を貫通するピニオン軸41の一端にも配設されるが、図1においては、下クロスヘッド24のハンドルの図示を省略している。   The upper cross head 23 is provided with a pinion shaft 41 that passes through the upper cross head 23 described later, and a handle 30 for rotating the pinion shaft 41 is provided at one end of the pinion shaft 41. The handle 30 is also disposed at one end of the pinion shaft 41 that penetrates the lower cross head 24, but the handle of the lower cross head 24 is not shown in FIG.

また、一対のねじ棹17は図示しない回転機構に接続されている。回転機構により一対のねじ棹17が同期して回転することにより、下クロスヘッド24は、一対のねじ棹17の軸心方向に昇降する。   The pair of screw rods 17 are connected to a rotation mechanism (not shown). When the pair of screw rods 17 are rotated synchronously by the rotation mechanism, the lower cross head 24 moves up and down in the axial direction of the pair of screw rods 17.

次に、上クロスヘッド23におけるピニオン軸41の固定構造について説明する。なお、下クロスヘッド24のつかみ具としての構造は、チャックホルダー52を収容するくさび型の孔部が上下反転して形成されている以外はほぼ同様である。   Next, the fixing structure of the pinion shaft 41 in the upper cross head 23 will be described. The structure of the lower cross head 24 as a gripping tool is substantially the same except that a wedge-shaped hole for accommodating the chuck holder 52 is formed upside down.

図2に示すように、この材料試験機では、従来の材料試験機の上クロスヘッド123のピニオン軸41における菊座金60とロックナット43に換えて、ピニオン軸41を中心に向かって互いに付勢する一対の皿ばね46を押さえる押さえ部材70を備える。   As shown in FIG. 2, in this material testing machine, instead of the star washer 60 and the lock nut 43 in the pinion shaft 41 of the upper crosshead 123 of the conventional material testing machine, the pinion shaft 41 is biased toward the center. A pressing member 70 that presses the pair of disc springs 46 is provided.

この押さえ部材70は、その内部においてチャックホルダー52およびピニオン軸41を支持する支持部材である上クロスヘッド23にボルト71により固定されている。また、押さえ部材70には、ピニオン軸41の端部の太さに対応する孔部が形成され、この孔部にピニオン軸41の端部が挿入される。このため、押さえ部材70で、ピニオン軸41の端部の周りに配設された皿ばね46を押さえるだけでなく、ピニオン軸41を回転自在な状態で上クロスヘッド23に固定することができる。   The pressing member 70 is fixed by bolts 71 to the upper cross head 23 which is a support member for supporting the chuck holder 52 and the pinion shaft 41 in the inside thereof. In addition, a hole corresponding to the thickness of the end of the pinion shaft 41 is formed in the pressing member 70, and the end of the pinion shaft 41 is inserted into this hole. Therefore, the pressing member 70 can not only press the disc spring 46 disposed around the end of the pinion shaft 41 but also fix the pinion shaft 41 to the upper cross head 23 in a rotatable state.

このように、この発明に係る材料試験機では、上クロスヘッド23に固定された押さえ部材70にピニオン軸41の両端を挿入することで、ピニオン軸41の軸方向の動きを規制している。試験片10が試験実行中に破断し、試験片10に加えられていた力が急激解放されたときに、試験片10を上方に移動させる力は、チャックホルダー52からピニオン軸41へと伝達され、ピニオン軸41を回転させる。ここでの試験力が大きく、ピニオン軸41の両端部までチャックホルダー52の動きに同期することができず、ピニオン軸41の両端部に回転負荷がかかったとしても、押さえ部材70は上クロスヘッド23に固定されているため、従来の材料試験機のロックナット43のように破断ショックの回転負荷に耐えられず押さえ部材70が回転することはない。すなわち、このピニオン軸固定構造により、試験片10の破断ショックに起因したピニオン軸41の両端部への回転負荷に耐えることができ、ピニオン軸41の軸方向の位置がズレることを防止できる。   As described above, in the material testing machine according to the present invention, the movement of the pinion shaft 41 in the axial direction is restricted by inserting both ends of the pinion shaft 41 into the pressing member 70 fixed to the upper cross head 23. When the test piece 10 breaks during execution of the test and the force applied to the test piece 10 is suddenly released, the force for moving the test piece 10 upward is transmitted from the chuck holder 52 to the pinion shaft 41. The pinion shaft 41 is rotated. Even if the test force here is large and the chuck holder 52 cannot be synchronized with the movement of the chuck holder 52 to both ends of the pinion shaft 41, and the rotational load is applied to both ends of the pinion shaft 41, the pressing member 70 is 23, the holding member 70 does not rotate because it cannot withstand the rotational load of the breaking shock unlike the lock nut 43 of the conventional material testing machine. That is, with this pinion shaft fixing structure, it is possible to withstand the rotational load on both ends of the pinion shaft 41 due to the breaking shock of the test piece 10, and to prevent the position of the pinion shaft 41 from shifting in the axial direction.

また、この材料試験機において、チャックホルダー52の側面に形成されたラック57は、はす歯であり、ピニオン軸41のピニオン58の歯形もこのはす歯に対応する形状となっている。このため、チャックホルダー52を試験片の挟持位置と開放位置とに滑らかに移動させることが可能となる。   In this material testing machine, the rack 57 formed on the side surface of the chuck holder 52 is a helical tooth, and the tooth shape of the pinion 58 of the pinion shaft 41 is also a shape corresponding to this helical tooth. For this reason, the chuck holder 52 can be smoothly moved between the clamping position and the opening position of the test piece.

10 試験片
15 支柱
16 テーブル
17 ねじ棹
18 ラムシリンダ
23 上クロスヘッド
24 下クロスヘッド
30 ハンドル
41 ピニオン軸
42 軸受け
43 ロックナット
46 皿ばね
48 油穴
51 つかみ歯
52 チャックホルダー
53 孔部
54 ライナー
57 ラック
58 ピニオン
60 菊座金
70 押さえ部材
10 Test piece 15 Post 16 Table 17 Screw rod 18 Ram cylinder 23 Upper cross head 24 Lower cross head 30 Handle 41 Pinion shaft 42 Bearing 43 Lock nut 46 Belleville spring 48 Oil hole 51 Grasp tooth 52 Chuck holder 53 Hole portion 54 Liner 57 Rack 58 Pinion 60 Star washer 70 Holding member

Claims (2)

各々チャック歯を有する一対のチャック部材と、ピニオン軸と、前記チャック部材と前記ピニオン軸の軸受けとを支持する支持部材とを備え、前記チャック部材には前記ピニオン軸の回転と共働して前記チャック部材を移動させるラックが形成され、前記チャック部材を前記チャック部材間の間隔が広くなる試験片の開放位置と、前記チャック部材間の間隔が狭くなる試験片の挟持位置とに移動させて、試験片のつかみ具を開閉させる材料試験機において、
前記ピニオン軸の両端部に、当該ピニオン軸を中心に向かって互いに付勢する一対のバネ部材と、前記一対のバネ部材を押さえるための、前記支持部材に固定された押さえ部材と、を備えることを特徴とする材料試験機。
A pair of chuck members each having a chuck tooth; a pinion shaft; and a support member that supports the chuck member and a bearing of the pinion shaft, wherein the chuck member cooperates with the rotation of the pinion shaft. A rack for moving the chuck member is formed, and the chuck member is moved to an open position of the test piece where the interval between the chuck members is widened and a holding position of the test piece where the interval between the chuck members is narrowed, In the material testing machine that opens and closes the grip of the test piece,
A pair of spring members that urge each other toward the center of the pinion shaft, and a pressing member fixed to the support member for pressing the pair of spring members, are provided at both ends of the pinion shaft. A material testing machine featuring.
請求項1に記載の材料試験機において、
前記チャック部材に形成されたラックと前記ピニオン軸のピニオンは、はす歯である材料試験機。
The material testing machine according to claim 1,
A material testing machine in which the rack formed on the chuck member and the pinion of the pinion shaft are helical teeth.
JP2012256004A 2012-11-22 2012-11-22 Material testing machine Active JP5477454B2 (en)

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN107917791A (en) * 2017-11-14 2018-04-17 中国北方车辆研究所 Endless-track vehicle plays comprehensive actuator main shaft repeated impact test method in step gear shifting
CN111175133A (en) * 2020-01-13 2020-05-19 江苏华脉新材料有限公司 Tension testing machine for pre-twisted hardware fitting

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5217075A (en) * 1975-07-30 1977-02-08 Shimadzu Corp Test piece holding device for material testers
JPS5674347U (en) * 1979-11-10 1981-06-18
JPS59171832A (en) * 1983-03-18 1984-09-28 Shimadzu Corp Grabber for material tester

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5217075A (en) * 1975-07-30 1977-02-08 Shimadzu Corp Test piece holding device for material testers
JPS5674347U (en) * 1979-11-10 1981-06-18
JPS59171832A (en) * 1983-03-18 1984-09-28 Shimadzu Corp Grabber for material tester

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN107917791A (en) * 2017-11-14 2018-04-17 中国北方车辆研究所 Endless-track vehicle plays comprehensive actuator main shaft repeated impact test method in step gear shifting
CN111175133A (en) * 2020-01-13 2020-05-19 江苏华脉新材料有限公司 Tension testing machine for pre-twisted hardware fitting
CN111175133B (en) * 2020-01-13 2021-04-09 江苏华脉新材料有限公司 Tension testing machine for pre-twisted hardware fitting

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