JP2013014102A - Formwork for manufacturing concrete block, and method for manufacturing retaining wall l-shaped concrete block - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide the efficient manufacturing of a retaining wall L-shaped concrete block.SOLUTION: The formwork for manufacturing concrete block includes a molding base plate and a loading frame for loading the molding base plate, and there is formed a concrete placement space for molding a retaining wall L-shaped concrete block shape which has a vertical part and an inclined bottom plate while loading the molding base plate on the loading frame. The concrete is placed and, and in such a state that primary curing is performed and the concrete is semi-solidified, the concrete and the molding base plate are integrally removed from the loading frame and secondary curing (for example, water curing) is performed.

Description

  The present disclosure is, for example, a concrete block manufacturing form used for manufacturing an L-shaped concrete block for retaining walls used for holding a boundary wall for building land, a cliff cut by civil engineering such as a road shoulder, or embankment, And an L-shaped concrete block manufacturing method for retaining walls.

Japanese Patent No. 2896763

Patent Document 1 describes a structure of a concrete block manufacturing formwork provided with a heating device as a formwork for manufacturing a concrete block for earth retaining used for boundary wall construction for residential land development.
The concrete block formed by the concrete block manufacturing formwork is a retaining wall L-shaped concrete block having a vertical portion and an inclined bottom plate portion continuous to the vertical portion.

  The concrete block manufacturing formwork disclosed in Patent Document 1 has, as a basic structure, a vertical plate part formwork provided on the upper part of the formwork base, and an inclined bottom plate part box frame provided continuously at one end edge thereof. It is a thing. Concrete is poured into such a formwork and solidified to form a substantially L-shaped concrete block.

  By the way, for L-shaped concrete using the concrete block manufacturing form as described above, a more efficient manufacturing method is required.

The concrete that has been driven into the concrete block manufacturing form is cured within the concrete block manufacturing form, for example, for about two days.
Since a concrete block manufacturing form is used for about two days to manufacture one concrete block, for example, when manufacturing a large number of L-shaped concrete blocks for retaining walls in the short term, many concrete block manufacturing forms Must be prepared.
However, preparing a large number of concrete block manufacturing formwork is burdensome in terms of cost and space for installing the concrete block manufacturing formwork.
As a result, it is difficult to manufacture a large amount of L-shaped concrete blocks for retaining walls in a short time.

  Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a concrete block manufacturing formwork that can be efficiently manufactured and a manufacturing method using the concrete block manufacturing formwork.

  A concrete block production form of the present invention is a concrete block production form used for producing an L-shaped concrete block for a retaining wall having a vertical part and an inclined bottom plate part continuous to the vertical part, the molding substrate, And a mounting table on which the molded substrate is mounted. And in the state where the molding substrate is placed on the mounting table, a concrete placement space for molding the retaining wall L-shaped concrete block shape having the vertical portion and the inclined bottom plate portion is formed, In a state where the concrete placed in the concrete placement space is semi-solidified, the concrete and the molded substrate can be integrally removed from the mounting table.

The molded substrate is provided with a suspension member used for removal from the mounting table.
In addition, the concrete placement space includes the molded substrate, a side wall provided on the mounting table that defines a side surface of the vertical portion, and the inclined surface in a state where the molded substrate is mounted on the mounting table. And an inclined bottom plate forming plate that defines one surface of the bottom plate portion. The side wall portion is formed so as to be able to be separated from the concrete placed in the concrete placing space, and the inclined bottom plate forming plate is detachable from the forming substrate. When the concrete placed in the concrete placement space and the molded substrate are integrally removed from the mounting base, the inclined bottom plate molded plate is removed from the molded substrate, and the side wall portion is the vertical portion. It is set as the structure where the removal from the above-mentioned mounting base is performed by being suspended using the said suspension member in the state spaced apart from the said side surface.

The manufacturing method of the L-shaped concrete block for retaining walls of this invention is a manufacturing method of the L-shaped concrete block for retaining walls which has a vertical part and the inclination bottom board part continuous to the said vertical part. And in the concrete block manufacturing formwork which has a forming substrate and a mounting stand, it is formed in the state where the above-mentioned forming substrate was mounted on the above-mentioned mounting stand, L for retaining walls which have the above-mentioned perpendicular part and the above-mentioned inclined bottom board part A step of placing concrete in a concrete placement space for forming a letter-shaped concrete block shape, performing a primary curing in the placed state, and in a state where the concrete is semi-solidified by the primary curing. And the step of removing the molded substrate integrally from the mounting base and the step of secondary curing the concrete removed integrally with the molded substrate.
The primary curing is 3 to 4 hours.
The secondary curing is a water curing in which the concrete is placed in water integrally with the molded substrate.

In such this invention, the concrete block manufacturing formwork takes the structure which arrange | positions a shaping | molding board | substrate on a mounting base. The molded substrate can be removed from the mounting table.
A concrete placement space for placing concrete is formed in a state where the molded substrate is placed on the placement stand. The concrete placement space defines the shape of an L-shaped concrete block for a retaining wall having a vertical portion and an inclined bottom plate portion continuous to the vertical portion.
After placing the concrete on the concrete block manufacturing formwork, for example, primary curing is performed for about 3 to 4 hours to make it a semi-solidified state. In addition, semi-solidified here means having become a semi-dry state to such an extent that a shape does not collapse.
When this semi-solidified state is reached, the concrete is removed from the mounting table together with the molded substrate and transported to perform secondary curing.
The mounting base from which the molded substrate and the concrete are integrally removed can be used for the next concrete block manufacturing.

According to the present invention, the molded substrate can be detached from the mounting frame, and the secondary curing can be performed by removing the semi-solidified concrete by the primary curing together with the molded substrate from the mounting frame. For this reason, the mounting platform can be used for the production of the next concrete block after the primary curing is completed for about 3 to 4 hours.
From this, even if there is a limit to the arrangement space of the concrete block manufacturing formwork, there is an effect that the concrete block manufacturing can be efficiently repeated in a cycle of about 4 hours, and the installation space and cost are reduced. It is very effective.

It is a perspective view of the L-shaped concrete block for retaining walls manufactured in this Embodiment. It is explanatory drawing of the usage form of the L-shaped concrete block for retaining walls manufactured by this Embodiment. It is a perspective view of the shaping | molding board | substrate which comprises the concrete block manufacturing formwork of embodiment. It is a perspective view of the concrete block manufacturing formwork of embodiment. It is a perspective view of the state which removed the shaping | molding board | substrate and the inclined baseplate shaping | molding board from the mounting stand in the concrete block manufacturing formwork of embodiment. It is explanatory drawing of a mode that it transfers from primary curing to secondary curing in embodiment.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in the following order.
<1. Configuration of L-shaped concrete block for retaining wall>
<2. Structure of concrete block manufacturing formwork>
<3. Manufacturing procedure>

<1. Configuration of L-shaped concrete block for retaining wall>

First, the configuration of the L-shaped concrete block for retaining walls manufactured in the present embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS.
1A and 1B are perspective views of the retaining wall L-shaped concrete block 1 as seen from the front side and the back side.
2A shows a state in which the retaining wall L-shaped concrete block 1 is used for embankment embankment, and FIG. 2B shows a state in which a plurality of retaining wall L-shaped concrete blocks 1 are arranged side by side. ing.

As shown in FIGS. 1A and 1B, the retaining wall L-shaped concrete block 1 is mainly formed of a vertical portion 2 and an inclined bottom plate 3 that are continuously and integrally formed.
The vertical part 2 is vertically arranged as shown in FIG. 2A to constitute a wall for earth retaining. The inclined bottom plate 3 is formed at an angle of, for example, about 105 degrees with respect to the vertical portion 2.

As shown in FIG. 2A, the retaining wall L-shaped concrete block 1 stands the vertical portion 2 perpendicular to the ground 100. Then, as shown in FIG. 2B, a plurality of retaining wall L-shaped concrete blocks 1 are arranged side by side.
With respect to the L-shaped concrete block for retaining wall 1 arranged in this way, the embankment 101 is placed on the upper surface of the inclined bottom plate 3 so as to hold the earth.

One end of the vertical portion 2 becomes a vertical wall base 4. The vertical wall base 4 is a part that becomes a fulcrum during construction.
As shown in FIGS. 1A and 1B, a fitting recess 2 a and a fitting protrusion 2 b are formed on both sides of the vertical portion 2. When the L-shaped concrete blocks 1 for retaining walls are installed side by side as shown in FIG. 2B, the fitting concave portions 2a and the fitting convex portions 2b are arranged between adjacent L-shaped concrete blocks 1 for retaining walls. The fitting concave portion 2a and the fitting convex portion 2b are formed to be fitted.

  As can be seen from FIG. 1B, both side portions of the inclined bottom plate 3 are tapered portions 3a. The taper portion 3a is formed so that there is no problem even if the inclination is slightly different when arranging a plurality of retaining wall L-shaped concrete blocks 1 as shown in FIG. 2B.

Further, as shown in FIG. 1B and FIG. 2A, reinforcing ribs 5 are formed on the inner side of the retaining wall L-shaped concrete block 1 from the vertical portion 1 to the inclined bottom plate 3.
Two tapered holes 5 a and 5 b are provided at predetermined portions of the reinforcing rib 5. This tapered hole is used for connecting adjacent L-shaped concrete blocks for retaining walls by inserting a connecting rod 90 as shown in FIG. 2B when a plurality of retaining wall L-shaped concrete blocks 1 are arranged. Used for.

<2. Structure of concrete block manufacturing formwork>

The structure of the concrete block manufacturing form of the embodiment used for manufacturing the retaining wall L-shaped concrete block 1 will be described with reference to FIGS. 3, 4, and 5.
The concrete block manufacturing form of the embodiment is roughly composed of a molded substrate 10, an inclined bottom plate molded plate 20, and a mounting frame 30.
FIG. 3 is a perspective view of the molded substrate 10.
FIG. 4 is a perspective view of the concrete block manufacturing formwork in a state where the molded substrate 10 is mounted on the mounting frame 30 and the inclined bottom plate molded plate 20 is attached.
FIG. 5 is a perspective view showing the molded substrate 10 and the inclined bottom plate molded plate 20 in a state where the molded substrate 10 and the inclined base plate molded plate 20 are removed from the mounting frame 30. Note that FIG. 5 also shows the concrete 50 (that is, the retaining wall L-shaped concrete block 1) integrated with the molded substrate 10.

As shown in FIG. 3, the molding substrate 10 includes a vertical part molding base 11, an inclined bottom plate molding base 12, an inclined bottom plate molding frame part 13, a reinforcing rib mold frame part 14, taper pins 15 a and 15 b, a top end part 16, a suspension part. A lowering hook 17 and a joining hook 18 are provided.
The molded substrate 10 is made of, for example, an iron plate.

The vertical portion forming base portion 11 is a surface on which the back surface (reinforcing rib forming side) of the vertical portion 2 of the retaining wall L-shaped concrete block 1 is formed.
The top end portion 16 is a surface that forms the upper surface of the vertical portion 2 (the surface that is the upper end in the installed state of FIG. 2A).
The inclined bottom plate forming base portion 12 is a surface on which the back surface (reinforcing rib forming side) of the inclined bottom plate 3 of the retaining wall L-shaped concrete block 1 is formed.
An inclined bottom plate forming frame portion 13 is formed on three sides around the inclined bottom plate forming base portion 12, and this is a surface on which the tapered surfaces 3 a and 3 a and the end surface of the inclined bottom plate 3 are formed.

A reinforcing rib frame 14 is formed from the vertical portion forming base 11 to the inclined bottom plate forming base 12.
The reinforcing rib mold part 14 forms a space for forming the reinforcing rib 5.
Tapered pins 15 a and 15 b are attached in the reinforcing rib mold part 14. Tapered holes 5a and 5b are formed in the reinforcing rib 5 by the taper pin 15a.

Two suspension hooks 17 are attached to the top end portion 16 as suspension members as shown in the figure. The hanging hook 17 is for lifting by a crane when the molded substrate 10 is removed from the mounting table 30 as described later.
Although an example in which two hanging hooks 17 are provided is shown here, it is sufficient that at least one hanging hook is provided.
Further, the hook shape is not limited to the illustrated shape. Furthermore, not a so-called hook, but a locking member, a joining member, a magnetic fixing portion, or the like which is a clue for hanging may be provided. That is, it is only necessary to form a suspension member having a structure that can be locked, joined, and fixed to the suspension member on the crane side when the suspension member is suspended using a crane or the like.

Such a molded substrate 10 is mounted on the upper surface of the mounting table 30 as shown in FIG.
As shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, the mounting stand 30 is formed by assembling a support stand 31 in a box shape. In addition, the form of the framework by the support frame 31 is not limited to the illustrated one. Further, instead of the framework, the periphery may be covered with a plate-like member.

Side walls 32 and 33 are provided on both sides of the upper portion of the mounting table 30.
Each of the side wall portions 32 and 33 is attached to a transfer member 35 and 36 having an L-shaped cross section forming the framework of the mounting frame 30 with a hinge 38, and the side walls are arranged as shown in FIG. It can be opened and closed between the state of formation and the state of being opened horizontally as shown in FIG.
The side wall portions 32 and 33 are surfaces on which both side surfaces of the vertical portion 2 of the retaining wall L-shaped concrete block 1 are formed. As described above, the fitting concave portion 2 a and the fitting convex portion 2 b are formed on both side surfaces of the vertical portion 2. In order to form the fitting concave portion 2a, the side wall portion 32 is formed with a convex portion 32a, and in order to form the fitting convex portion 2b, the side wall portion 33 is formed with a concave portion 33a. .
As shown in FIG. 4, a space for molding the vertical portion 2 of the retaining wall L-shaped concrete block 1 by placing the molded substrate 10 on the mounting table 30 and closing the side walls 32 and 33. Will be formed.

In addition, a top end stopper 34 that defines the placement position of the molded substrate 10 is formed on the mounting base 30 in contact with the top end 16 of the molded substrate 10.
In addition, a substrate placement portion 37 for placing the molded substrate 10 is formed at a position one step below the top end stop portion 34.

FIG. 4 shows a state in which the molded substrate 10 is mounted on the mounting base 30 and the inclined bottom plate molded plate 20 is attached.
As shown in FIG. 5, the inclined bottom plate forming plate 20 has a shape having an inclined bottom plate forming surface portion 21 and a vertical wall base forming surface portion 22 for forming the vertical wall base portion 4 of the retaining wall L-shaped concrete block 1. .
The inclined bottom plate forming plate 20 is attached so as to face the inclined bottom plate forming base portion 12 of the forming substrate 10. That is, a pin 23 is formed on the side surface of the inclined bottom plate forming plate 20, and the pin 23 is locked by a joining hook attached to the inclined bottom plate forming frame portion 13 of the forming substrate 10, thereby forming the inclined bottom plate. The plate 20 is fixed to the molded substrate 10.
With the inclined bottom plate forming plate 20 fixed to the forming substrate 10, the inclined bottom plate forming base portion 12, the inclined bottom plate forming frame portion 13 and the inclined bottom plate forming surface portion 21 of the inclined bottom plate forming plate 20 shown in FIG. A space for forming the inclined bottom plate 3 of the L-shaped concrete block 1 for walls is formed.

As can be seen from the above description, in the concrete block manufacturing form of the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 4, the molded substrate 10 is mounted on the mounting table 30, and the inclined bottom plate molded plate 20 is attached to the molded substrate 10. As a result, the inner surface side becomes a concrete placement space. When the concrete 50 placed in the concrete block manufacturing form is solidified, the retaining wall L-shaped concrete block 1 having the shape shown in FIG. 1 is obtained.

<3. Manufacturing procedure>

A manufacturing procedure of the retaining wall L-shaped concrete block 1 using the concrete block manufacturing form of the present embodiment as described above will be described.
The manufacturing procedure of the embodiment includes the following steps (1) to (4).

(1) Concrete placement and primary curing (2) Removal and transfer of concrete and molded substrate 10 (3) Secondary curing (4) Removal of concrete from molded substrate 10

Hereinafter, each process will be described.
(1) Concrete placement and primary curing First, the concrete block manufacturing formwork is in the state shown in FIG. That is, the molded substrate 10 is mounted on the mounting table 30. The molded substrate 10 is in a state where an inclined bottom plate molded plate 20 is attached.
As described above, in the concrete block manufacturing form shown in FIG. 4, a forming space for the retaining wall L-shaped concrete block 1, that is, a concrete placement space is formed. Concrete 50 is placed in this concrete placement space. That is, the non-solidified concrete 50 is driven in from the upper surface side of the concrete block manufacturing formwork.
In this state, primary curing is performed. For example, the concrete 50 is allowed to stand for about 3 to 4 hours to be in a semi-solid state (a semi-dry state where the shape does not collapse).

(2) Removal and transport of concrete and molded substrate 10 When the concrete 50 is in a semi-solidified state by primary curing, the concrete 50 and the molded substrate 10 are integrally removed and transported.
FIG. 6 schematically shows the state of removal and conveyance.
First, as shown in FIG. 6A, the inclined bottom plate forming plate 20 is removed from the forming substrate 10. Further, the side walls 32 and 33 of the mounting table 30 are opened as shown in FIG. As a result, the side walls 32 and 33 are separated from the surface which is the side surface of the vertical portion 2 in the concrete 50 (the L-shaped concrete block 1 for retaining walls).
In the state of FIG. 6A as described above, the hook 201 at the tip of the wire 200 on the crane side is locked to the hanging hook 17 so that it can be suspended.
6B, the molded substrate 10 on which the concrete 50 is placed is removed from the mounting table 30 and transported by being suspended by a crane.

In addition, the vertical part shaping | molding base 11, the inclination bottom board shaping | molding base 12, the inclination bottom board shaping | molding frame part 13, the reinforcement rib type | mold frame part 14, the taper pins 15a and 15b, and the top end part 16 in the shaping | molding board | substrate 10 are the secondary curing mentioned later. It is preferable that a release agent for removing the placed concrete (L-shaped concrete block 1 for retaining walls) is applied later.
In the case of carrying by suspending, since the taper pins 15a and 15b are inserted through the portions of the concrete 50 that become the taper holes 5a and 5b, the concrete 50 does not peel from the molded substrate 10 during the conveyance. .

(3) Secondary curing The molded substrate 10 on which the concrete 50 is placed is transported to the water tank 300 by a crane as shown in FIG. 6C and placed in water. Then, secondary curing (water curing) is performed for about two days, for example.
Note that the secondary curing is not necessarily water curing, and the molded substrate 10 on which the concrete 50 is placed may be left in the atmosphere after being removed from the mounting table 30. However, water curing is effective for improving the strength of concrete curing. In that respect, it is preferable to perform water curing as the secondary curing.

(4) Removal of concrete from molded substrate 10 When the water curing is completed, the concrete is taken out of the water tank again using a crane. Then, the concrete 50 is peeled from the molded substrate 10. At this time, the taper pins 15a and 15b are removed and peeled off.
The peeled concrete 50 becomes the retaining wall L-shaped concrete block 1.

According to the above embodiment, the following effects can be obtained.
According to the embodiment, the molded substrate 10 can be removed from the mounting base 30, and the concrete 50 semi-solidified by the primary curing is removed from the mounting base 30 together with the molded substrate 10, and the secondary curing is performed. Can do.
In particular, even when the concrete is in a semi-solidified state, the shape of the concrete does not collapse during transportation or secondary curing by being handled integrally with the molded substrate 10.
For this reason, the mounting base 30 can be used for the next concrete block manufacture after the primary curing is completed for about 3 to 4 hours.
Thus, there is an effect that the concrete block production can be efficiently repeated in a cycle of about 4 hours even if the arrangement space of the concrete block production form (mounting platform 30) is limited.
Therefore, even when the space for placing the mounting base 30 is small and the mounting base 30 cannot be arranged in a large amount, it is possible to efficiently produce the concrete block 1 in a short time by preparing a large number of molded substrates 10. Become. Therefore, it is very advantageous in terms of installation space.
Further, since the number of the mounting bases 30 and the inclined bottom plate forming plates 20 can be reduced, it is advantageous in terms of manufacturing equipment cost.

In addition, the forming space of the inclined bottom plate 3 of the retaining wall L-shaped concrete block 1 includes the inclined bottom plate forming base portion 12, the inclined bottom plate forming frame portion 13 of the forming substrate 10, and the inclined bottom plate forming of the inclined bottom plate forming plate 20 as described above. It is formed by the surface portion 21.
Since the inclined bottom plate forming plate 20 forms a part of the forming space, the configuration of the forming substrate 10 is simplified. This can reduce the weight of the molded substrate 10 and reduce the manufacturing cost.

Although the embodiment has been described above, the configuration and the manufacturing method of the concrete block manufacturing form of the present invention are not limited to the above examples, and various modifications are possible.
As for the concrete block manufacturing formwork, at least the molded substrate 10 can be removed from the mounting frame 30 with the concrete 50 placed thereon and can be transported. Etc. are considered arbitrarily. Moreover, the shape of the part which prescribes | regulates the shape of the L-shaped concrete block 1 for retaining walls, such as the shaping | molding board | substrate 10, the inclined baseplate shaping | molding board 20, or the side wall parts 32 and 33 of the mounting base 30, is naturally for the retaining wall to manufacture. It should be set and changed appropriately according to the shape of the L-shaped concrete block 1.

  As a manufacturing method, the effects of the present invention can be obtained as long as the method includes (1) concrete placement and primary curing, (2) removal and conveyance of concrete and molded substrate 10, and (3) secondary curing. . Various examples can be considered for specific methods of secondary curing, subsequent removal, and tertiary curing.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 L-shaped concrete block for retaining walls 2 Vertical part 3 Inclined bottom board 4 Vertical wall base 10 Molding board 11 Vertical part shaping | molding base 12 Inclined bottom board shaping | molding base 13 Inclined bottom board shaping | molding frame part 14 Reinforcement rib type | mold frame part 15a, 15b Taper pin 15a 15b
16 Top End 17 Suspension Hook 18 Joint Hook 20 Inclined Bottom Plate Forming Plate 21 Inclined Bottom Plate Forming Surface 22 Vertical Wall Base Forming Surface 23 Pin 30 Mounting Stand 31 Supporting Stand 32, 33 Side Wall 34 Top End Stop 35, 36 Handing member 37 Substrate placing part 50 Concrete

Claims (6)

A concrete block manufacturing formwork used for manufacturing an L-shaped concrete block for a retaining wall having a vertical part and an inclined bottom plate part continuous with the vertical part,
A molded substrate;
A mounting base for mounting the molded substrate;
Have
A concrete placement space for forming the L-shaped concrete block shape for a retaining wall having the vertical portion and the inclined bottom plate portion is formed in a state where the molded substrate is placed on the mounting base.
A concrete block manufacturing formwork formed so that the concrete and the molded substrate can be integrally removed from the mounting base in a state where the concrete placed in the concrete placement space is semi-solidified.   The concrete block manufacturing formwork according to claim 1, wherein a suspension member used for removal from the mounting base is formed on the molded substrate. The concrete placement space is
In a state where the molded substrate is placed on the mounting table, the molded substrate, a side wall provided on the mounting table that defines the side surface of the vertical portion, and an inclination that defines one surface of the inclined bottom plate portion. Formed by bottom plate molding plate,
The side wall portion is formed to be separable from the concrete placed in the concrete placement space,
The inclined bottom plate molding plate is detachable from the molding substrate,
When the concrete placed in the concrete placement space and the molded substrate are integrally removed from the mounting base, the inclined bottom plate molded plate is removed from the molded substrate, and the side wall portion is the vertical portion. The concrete block manufacturing formwork of Claim 2 made into the structure which is removed from the said mounting stand by being suspended using the said suspension member in the state spaced apart from the side surface of said. As a method for producing a retaining wall L-shaped concrete block having a vertical part and an inclined bottom plate part continuous with the vertical part,
In a concrete block manufacturing mold having a molded substrate and a mounting base, an L-shaped retaining wall having the vertical portion and the inclined bottom plate portion, which is formed in a state where the molded substrate is mounted on the mounting base. Placing concrete in a concrete placement space for forming a concrete block shape, and performing primary curing in the placed state;
In a state where the concrete is semi-solidified by the primary curing, the step of removing the concrete and the molded substrate integrally from the mounting table,
Secondary curing the concrete removed integrally with the molded substrate;
A method for producing an L-shaped concrete block for retaining walls having at least   The method for producing an L-shaped concrete block for retaining walls according to claim 4, wherein the primary curing is 3 to 4 hours.   The said secondary curing is a water curing which arrange | positions the said concrete in water integrally with the said shaping | molding board | substrate, The L-shaped concrete block manufacturing method for retaining walls of Claim 4.

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