JP2013009833A - Cutter for observation surface - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a cutter for observation surface that is durable and easily forms a hole with a flat observation surface without having to adjust tension, or the like.SOLUTION: The cutter 1 for an observation surface includes: an axial cutting blade 11 radially disposed between the tip ends of the cutter and whose cutting edge 13 is arranged facing in an axial direction; an axial cutting cutter 10 having openings 19A and 19B formed on the both sides of the axial cutting blade 11 serving as a boundary line; and a radial cutting blade 21 placeable on the back side of the axial cutting blade 11 of the axial cutting cutter 10, and rotatable about an axis parallel to an axis S of the axial cutting cutter 10 while the cutting edges 23 thereof faces in the radial direction.

Description

  The present invention relates to an observation surface cutter.

  2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, an observation surface cutter that forms an observation surface by drilling a hole in a biological tissue is known as an apparatus for observing a living sample under the surface of a biological sample such as an animal. .) The observation surface cutter described in Patent Literature 1 rotates around an axis by bringing the tip of a cylindrical body provided with an annular cutting blade and a wire spanned in a radial direction into contact with the surface of a biological tissue, A cylindrical cut is formed in the biological tissue by the cutting blade, and the biological tissue inside the cut is cut by the wire so that a substantially cylindrical hole having a flat observation surface on the bottom surface can be formed in the biological tissue. It has become.

JP 2009-45339 A

  However, the observation surface cutter described in Patent Document 1 needs to use a thin wire in order to improve the sharpness, but has a problem that the thin wire is easily cut. Moreover, since the tension of the wire changes due to a temperature change or the like, it is necessary to adjust the tension of the wire immediately before use, which is inconvenient.

  The present invention has been made in view of the above-described circumstances, and provides an observation surface cutter that is durable and does not require the effort of adjusting tension and the like and can easily form a hole having a flat observation surface. The purpose is to provide.

In order to solve the above problems, the present invention employs the following means.
The present invention includes an axial blade portion that is provided so as to be spanned in a radial direction at a tip, and is arranged with a pointed end in an axial direction, and openings that are opened on both sides of the axial blade portion as a boundary line. A cylindrical body having a cylindrical blade, and a radial blade that is provided on the back side of the axial blade of the cylindrical body and is rotatable about an axis parallel to the axis of the cylindrical body with a pointed end directed in the radial direction. Provided is a viewing surface cutter.

  According to the present invention, in a state where the radial blade portion is disposed on the back surface of the axial blade portion, the cut biological tissue is inserted by pressing the axial blade portion against the surface of the biological sample and inserting the cylindrical body. A substantially cylindrical cut can be formed inside the sample by entering the inside through the opening of the cylindrical body.

  In addition, by rotating the radial blade around an axis parallel to the axis of the cylindrical body with the cylindrical body inserted into the sample, the living tissue is orthogonal to the rotational axis near the tip of the substantially cylindrical cut. Can be cut in the direction.

  Therefore, if the cut biological tissue is removed while leaving the cylindrical body inside the sample, a substantially cylindrical hole having a flat observation surface on the bottom surface can be easily formed in the biological sample. Thereby, it becomes possible to acquire a clear observation image on the observation surface of the living tissue. In addition, by using a part of the tip of the cylindrical body as the radial blade portion, it is possible to improve durability and to save time and effort for adjusting tension as compared with the case of using a wire or the like.

In the said invention, it is good also as providing the supporting member connected to the said radial blade part and transmitting the rotational force which rotates this radial blade part.
By comprising in this way, a radial blade part can be easily rotated by rotating a supporting member around an axis | shaft and transmitting a rotational force to a radial blade part. Further, by moving the support member in the axial direction, the radial blade portion can be easily inserted into or extracted from the cylindrical body. In addition, as a support member, the cylindrical member connected to the both ends of a radial blade part, for example, or the column member connected to the center position of a radial blade part may be sufficient.

In the above invention, the axial blade portion and the radial blade portion may have substantially the same width dimension, or the axial blade portion may have a larger width dimension than the radial blade portion. .
By comprising in this way, when a radial blade part is arrange | positioned on the back surface of an axial blade part, it can prevent that a radial blade part protrudes from an axial blade part. Therefore, the resistance when the axial blade portion is inserted into the biological sample can be reduced, the cylindrical body can be easily inserted into the sample, and damage to the biological sample can be reduced.

Moreover, in the said invention, it is good also as the back surface of the said axial direction blade part and the surface of the said radial direction blade part arrange | positioned in a contact state.
By configuring in this manner, the living tissue can be cut in the direction perpendicular to the axis by the radial blade portion in the vicinity of the incision tip of the living tissue cut in the depth direction by the axial blade portion. Cylindrical holes can be efficiently cut out without waste.

Moreover, in the said invention, the said axial direction blade part is good also as arrange | positioning in the position shifted in the radial direction from the said axis | shaft of the said cylindrical body.
With this configuration, even if the axis of the cylindrical body is aligned with the optical axis of the objective lens, the axial blade portion does not interfere with the observation range of the objective lens. The diameter can be reduced to a size slightly larger than the dimensions, and damage to the biological sample can be reduced.

Moreover, in the said invention, the said cylindrical body is good also as having the inclined surface which inclines in the radial direction toward the base end side on the both sides of the said axial direction blade part as a boundary line.
By configuring in this way, the axial blade part is inserted into the biological sample, and at the same time, the cut biological tissue is released from the axial blade part to the proximal end side of the cylindrical body along the inclined surface. The living tissue can be prevented from being crushed by the tip of the cylindrical body. Thereby, the deformation | transformation of a biological sample can be suppressed and the damage given to a biological sample can be reduced.

Moreover, in the said invention, the said inclined surface is good also as having the circumferential direction blade part which orient | assigns a point to the circumferential direction of the said cylindrical body.
By configuring in this way, the biological body between the outer periphery of the cylindrical body and the axial blade part is cut by the circumferential blade part by rotating the cylindrical body inserted into the sample around the axis, and the depth A continuous incision can be formed in the direction and the width direction. Thereby, the biological tissue cut | disconnected by the substantially cylindrical shape can be taken out easily, and the damage given to a biological sample can be reduced compared with the case where it pulls out without the biological tissue being cut | disconnected completely.

  According to the present invention, there is an effect that a hole having a flat observation surface can be easily formed without being troublesome in terms of durability and tension adjustment.

It is an axial sectional view of the cutter for observation surfaces concerning one embodiment of the present invention. It is a schematic block diagram of the axial direction cutter of FIG. FIG. 2 is an axial cross-sectional view of the tip of the observation surface cutter of FIG. 1. It is a schematic block diagram of the radial direction cutter of FIG. (A) is an axial sectional view showing how the observation surface cutter of FIG. 1 is inserted into a biological sample, and (b) is a plan view of the observation surface cutter of (a) as viewed from the front end side. (A) is an axial sectional view showing a state in which a radial cutter is rotated around an axis inside a biological sample, and (b) is a plan view of the observation surface cutter of (a) as viewed from the front end side. . It is an axial direction sectional view showing signs that a diameter direction cutter is pulled out from an observation surface cutter inserted in a biological sample. (A) is an axial sectional view showing a state in which an objective lens is inserted into an axial cutter inserted into a biological sample, and (b) is a view of the axial cutter and objective lens of (a) as viewed from the front end side. FIG. It is a perspective view which shows the axial cutter which concerns on the 1st modification of one Embodiment of this invention. FIG. 10 is an axial sectional view of an observation surface cutter including the axial cutter of FIG. 9. 10A is a plan view of the observation surface cutter of FIG. 10 viewed from the proximal end side, FIG. 10B is a plan view of the observation surface cutter of FIG. 10 viewed from the distal end side, and FIG. It is another top view of the state which rotated the radial direction cutter of b) around the axis. (A) is an axial sectional view showing a state in which the radial cutter is pulled out from the observation surface cutter inserted in the biological sample, and (b) is a plan view of the observation surface cutter of (a) as viewed from the front end side. It is. (A) is an axial sectional view showing how the objective lens is inserted into the axial cutter of FIG. 12 (a), and (b) is a plan view of the axial cutter and objective lens of (a) as viewed from the front end side. FIG. It is a perspective view which shows the radial cutter which concerns on the 2nd modification of one Embodiment of this invention. FIG. 15 is an axial cross-sectional view of the tip of the observation surface cutter of FIG. 14. (A) is an axial sectional view of the cutter for observation surface provided with the radial cutter of FIG. 14, and (b) is a plan view of the cutter for observation surface of (a) as viewed from the front end side.

An observation surface cutter according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.
As shown in FIG. 1, the observation surface cutter 1 according to the present embodiment has a substantially cylindrical axial cutter (cylindrical body) having an axial cutting edge (axial cutting portion) 11 with the tip 13 directed in the axial direction. ) 10 and a substantially cylindrical radial cutter 20 having a radial cutting edge (radial blade portion) 21 that is provided so as to be insertable into and removable from the axial cutter 10 and that has the tip 23 directed in the radial direction. . Further, the observation surface cutter 1 is provided with a guide 30 for positioning and fixing each other in a state where the radial cutter 20 is inserted into the axial cutter 10.

  The axial cutter 10 is made of, for example, a metal material, and an axial cutting blade 11 is integrally formed at the tip of a cylindrical portion 15 extending in the axial direction, as shown in FIG. The axial cutter 10 has, for example, a shape obtained by cutting off two cross sections that are inclined radially outward from each other in the axial direction from a straight line crossing the center position on the bottom surface of the bottomed cylindrical member.

  The axial cutting edge 11 is provided so as to be spanned in the radial direction at the tip of the cylindrical portion 15, and is disposed at a position orthogonal to the central axis S of the cylindrical portion 15. Further, as shown in FIG. 3, the axial cutting edge 11 includes a pair of cutting edge inclined surfaces 11 </ b> A and 11 </ b> B that are inclined radially outward from the sharp tip 13 toward the proximal end side of the axial cutter 10. Yes. The back surface of the axial cutting edge 11 has a substantially flat shape.

  The cylindrical portion 15 of the axial cutter 10 has two cylindrical inclined surfaces (inclined surfaces) 17A and 17B that are inclined radially outward from each other in the axial direction on both sides of the cylindrical cutting edge 11 as a boundary line. have. The cylindrical portion inclined surfaces 17A and 17B are continuously formed from the cutting blade inclined surfaces 11A and 11B, respectively. Further, the cylindrical portion inclined surfaces 17A and 17B are provided with openings 19A and 19B penetrating through the hollow portion of the cylindrical portion 15, respectively.

  As in the axial cutter 10, the radial cutter 20 is made of, for example, a metal material. As shown in FIG. 4, a radial cutting blade 21 is integrally formed at the tip of a cylindrical portion (support member) 25 extending in the axial direction. Is formed. The radial cutter 20 has, for example, cut off two cross-sections inclined radially outward in the axial direction from two parallel lines crossing a position shifted from the center position on the bottom surface of the bottomed cylindrical member. It has a shape.

  The radial cutting edge 21 is provided so as to span the radial direction at the tip of the cylindrical portion 25, and is disposed at a position orthogonal to the central axis R of the cylindrical portion 25. Moreover, as for the radial direction cutting blade 21, the both-sides edge extended in a longitudinal direction forms the tip 23, respectively. Moreover, the radial direction cutting edge 21 has a width dimension slightly smaller than the width dimension of the axial direction cutting edge 11, and the surface has a substantially flat shape. By using a part of the tip of the cylindrical portion 25 of the radial cutter 20 as the radial cutting edge 21, the durability is improved as compared with the case where a wire or the like is used as the cutting edge, and the effort such as tension adjustment is saved. Can do.

Further, the cylindrical portion 25 of the radial cutter 20 is inclined radially outward from each other toward the proximal end on both sides thereof with the radial cutting edge 21 as a boundary line, like the cylindrical portion 15 of the axial cutter 10. It has two cylindrical part inclined surfaces 27A and 27B. In addition, the cylindrical portion inclined surfaces 27A and 27B are provided with openings 29A and 29B penetrating through the hollow portion of the cylindrical portion 25.
The cylindrical portion 25 of the radial cutter 20 has an outer dimension that is approximately the same as or slightly smaller than the inner diameter of the cylindrical portion 15 of the axial cutter 10, and has an axial length longer than that of the cylindrical portion 15. ing.

  When the axial cutter 10 and the radial cutter 20 thus configured are coaxially assembled to each other, a radial cutting blade 21 is disposed on the back side of the axial cutting blade 11, and the axial cutting blade 11 The openings 19A and 19B and the openings 29A and 29B of the radial cutting blade 21 are communicated and opened. Further, when the cylindrical portion 25 of the radial cutter 20 is rotated around the central axis R, a rotational force is transmitted to the radial cutting edge 21 and the radial cutting edge 21 is rotated around the central axis S of the axial cutter 10. It is like that.

  The guide 30 is a stepped annular member having different inner diameter dimensions in the axial direction. The guide 30 includes a large-diameter portion 31 having an inner diameter that is slightly larger than the outer dimension of the cylindrical portion 15 of the axial cutter 10 and a small-diameter portion having an inner diameter that is slightly larger than the outer dimension of the cylindrical portion 25 of the radial cutter 20. 33.

  The guide 30 is disposed in the vicinity of the boundary between the axial cutter 10 and the radial cutter 20 inserted therein, and the axial cutter 10 is fixed to the large-diameter portion 31 by a fixing screw 35 and the small diameter is fixed by a fixing screw 37. The radial cutter 20 can be fixed to the portion 33. Thus, the axial cutter 10 and the radial cutter 20 can be positioned and fixed in the axial direction and the circumferential direction in a state where the surface of the radial cutting blade 21 is in close contact with the back surface of the axial cutting blade 11. It has become.

The operation of the observation surface cutter 1 configured as described above will be described below.
For example, in order to observe the brain tissue T of the biological sample using the observation surface cutter 1 according to the present embodiment, the radial cutter 20 is inserted into the axial cutter 10, and FIGS. ), The axial cutter 10 and the radial cutter 20 are positioned and fixed by the guide 30 in a state in which the direction of the axial cutting edge 11 and the direction of the radial cutting edge 21 are matched.

  When the axial cutter 10 and the radial cutter 20 are positioned and fixed, the tip of the observation surface cutter 1, that is, the axial cutting edge 11 is pressed against the surface of the biological sample and pressed in the axial direction. Thereby, the surface of the biological sample can be cut by the sharp axial cutting edge 11 and the observation surface cutter 1 can be inserted into the brain tissue T below the surface of the biological sample.

  In this case, as the observation surface cutter 1 is inserted, the cut edge of the brain tissue T formed by the axial cutting edge 11 extends along the cutting blade inclined surfaces 11A and 11B and the cylindrical inclined surfaces 17A and 17B continuous thereto. The brain tissue T escaped to the proximal end side of the cylindrical portion 15 and the cut brain tissue T is passed through the openings 19A and 19B of the axial cutter 10 and the openings 29A and 29B of the radial cutter 20 inside the observation surface cutter 1. Can get in. Thereby, it can suppress that brain tissue T is crushed or destroyed, and can deform | transform, and can form the substantially cylindrical cut | notch in brain tissue T, without giving a big damage to a biological sample.

  Subsequently, the fixing screw 35 is loosened while the observation surface cutter 1 is inserted to a desired depth position of the brain tissue T, and the center of the axial cutter 10 as shown in FIGS. 6 (a) and 6 (b). The radial cutter 20 is rotated around the axis S. Then, the brain tissue T can be cut in the width direction perpendicular to the central axis S of the axial cutter 10 by the radial cutter 20 near the tip of the substantially cylindrical cut formed in the brain tissue T.

  When the tip of the cut of the brain tissue T is cut, the fixing screw 37 is loosened, the fixing screw 35 is tightened again, and the radial cutter 20 is left with the axial cutter 10 left inside the brain tissue T as shown in FIG. And the guide 30 is pulled out. Thereby, the brain tissue T cut out in a substantially cylindrical shape can be taken out together with the radial cutter 20, and a substantially cylindrical observation hole H having a substantially flat observation surface F on the bottom surface can be formed in the brain tissue T. .

  Next, the observation hole H is washed with physiological saline or the like, and attached to the microscope body 40 inside the axial cutter 10 inserted in the brain tissue T as shown in FIGS. 8 (a) and 8 (b). A small-diameter objective lens 41 is inserted. The objective lens 41 is disposed at a position where the optical axis K is decentered with respect to the central axis S of the axial cutter 10, and the observation range W is ensured through one of the opening 19A or the opening 19B. Thereby, the observation surface F of the brain tissue T can be observed.

  As described above, according to the observation surface cutter 1 according to the present embodiment, the observation having the substantially flat observation surface F cut out cleanly under the surface of the biological sample by the axial cutter 10 and the radial cutter 20. The hole H can be easily formed. Thereby, the objective lens 41 can be inserted into the observation hole H, and a clear observation image of the observation surface F in the brain tissue T can be acquired.

In addition, in this modification, it can deform | transform as follows.
For example, in the present embodiment, the axial cutting edge 11 is arranged at a position orthogonal to the central axis S of the cylindrical portion 15, but as a first modification, as shown in FIG. The axial cutting blade 11 may be disposed at a position shifted from the 15 central axis S in the radial direction.

  In this case, for example, the cylindrical portion inclined surface 17A arranged on the side opposite to the eccentric direction of the axial cutting edge 11 is greatly inclined toward the proximal end side of the cylindrical portion 15, and the opening portion 19A is directed toward the proximal end side. It is sufficient to open a large opening. As shown in FIG. 10, the radial cutter 20 has a reduced diameter while maintaining a shape in which the radial cutting edge 21 is disposed at a position orthogonal to the central axis R of the cylindrical portion 25. Good. In this way, as shown in FIGS. 11A to 11C, the axial cutting edge 11 is in a state where the cylindrical portion 25 of the radial cutter 20 is brought close to the eccentric direction of the axial cutting edge 11. A radial cutting edge 21 can be arranged on the back side.

  According to the observation surface cutter 1 according to this modification, as shown in FIGS. 12A and 12B, after the observation surface cutter 1 is inserted into the brain tissue T, the axial cutter 10 is moved. When the radial cutter 20 is pulled out while remaining, a substantially cylindrical observation hole H having a substantially flat observation surface F on the bottom surface and a size corresponding to the diameter of the radial cutter 20 is formed inside the brain tissue T. can do.

  Further, as shown in FIGS. 13A and 13B, even when the central axis S of the axial cutter 10 and the optical axis K of the objective lens 41 are matched, the objective lens 41 is observed by the axial cutting edge 11. The range is not hindered, and the observation surface F can be observed through the opening 19A. Therefore, the inner diameter dimension of the axial cutter 10 can be reduced to a size slightly larger than the outer dimension of the objective lens 41 to reduce damage to the biological sample.

  Note that the objective lens 41 preferably has a shape in which the diameter dimension gradually decreases toward the tip. In this way, when the objective lens 41 is inserted into the axial cutter 10 inserted into the brain tissue T, the brain tissue T remaining inside the axial cutter 10 is scraped diagonally. It is possible to escape outward and facilitate insertion of the objective lens 41.

  In the present embodiment, the cylindrical portion 25 is illustrated and described as a support member that supports the radial cutting edge 21. However, as a second modification, for example, as shown in FIG. It is good also as employ | adopting the cylindrical member 55 connected to the center position of the blade 21 and extended in the direction (central axis direction) orthogonal to the direction (radial direction) to which a pointed end faces.

  By doing in this way, it replaces with the substantially cylindrical radial cutter 20, and the radial cutter 50 whose front-end | tip including the radial cutting blade 21 is substantially T-shaped is comprised. As a result, the radial cutter 20 is disposed on the back side of the axial cutter 10 with the radial cutter 50 assembled to the axial cutter 10, and the rotational force around the axis is transmitted to the radial cutter 20 by the cylindrical member 55. Can be made.

  In this case, as shown in FIG. 15, the cylindrical member 55 desirably has a smaller diameter dimension than the dimension in the width direction of the radial cutting edge 21. Further, as shown in FIG. 16A, the cylindrical member 55 may have a diameter dimension on the proximal end side larger than a diameter dimension on the distal end side so that the radial cutting edge 21 can be easily rotated. In that case, as shown in FIG. 16 (b), a direction indicating marker 56 indicating the direction of the radial cutting edge 21 may be provided at the proximal end portion of the cylindrical member 55.

Further, for example, as a third modified example, a circumferential cutting edge (circumferential cutting edge, not shown) may be provided on the cylindrical portion inclined surfaces 27A and 27B of the radial cutter 20 with the tip pointed in the circumferential direction. . By doing in this way, the biological tissue between the outer periphery of the cylindrical part 25 and the radial cutting edge 21 is rotated by the circumferential cutting edge by rotating the radial cutter 20 inserted into the biological sample around the central axis. Can be cut to form continuous cuts in the depth direction and the width direction.
Thereby, the biological tissue cut | disconnected by the substantially cylindrical shape can be taken out easily, and the damage given to a biological sample can be reduced compared with the case where it pulls out without the biological tissue being cut | disconnected completely.

  In this modification, it is good also as providing the circumferential direction blade part which orient | assigns a point to the circumferential direction in cylindrical part inclined surface 17A, 17B of the axial cutter 10 further. By doing so, when the axial cutter 10 is inserted into the brain tissue T of the biological sample, the force of pushing the brain tissue T by the axial cutter 10 can be reduced.

  As mentioned above, although embodiment of this invention was explained in full detail with reference to drawings, the specific structure is not restricted to this embodiment, The design change etc. of the range which does not deviate from the summary of this invention are included. For example, the present invention is not limited to the one applied to the above-described embodiment and each modification, but may be applied to an embodiment that appropriately combines these embodiments and each modification, and is particularly limited. It is not a thing.

1 Cutter for observation surface 10 Axial cutter (cylindrical body)
11 Axial cutting edge (Axial cutting edge)
17A, 17B Cylindrical part inclined surface (inclined surface)
19A, 19B Opening 21 Radial cutting edge (radial cutting edge)
25 Cylindrical part (support member)
55 Cylindrical member (support member)

Claims (7)

A cylindrical body provided with an axial blade provided so as to be spanned in the radial direction at the tip and having a pointed end directed in the axial direction, and openings opened on both sides of the axial blade as a boundary line; ,
An observation surface cutter comprising: a radial blade portion that is disposed on the back side of the axial blade portion of the cylindrical body and is rotatable about an axis parallel to the axis of the cylindrical body with a pointed end in a radial direction. .   The observation surface cutter according to claim 1, further comprising a support member that is connected to the radial blade portion and transmits a rotational force that rotates the radial blade portion.   The observation according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the axial blade part and the radial blade part have substantially the same width dimension, or the axial blade part has a larger width dimension than the radial blade part. Surface cutter.   The observation surface cutter according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein a back surface of the axial blade portion and a surface of the radial blade portion are arranged in contact with each other.   The observation surface cutter according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the axial blade portion is disposed at a position shifted in a radial direction from the axis of the cylindrical body.   6. The observation surface according to claim 1, wherein the cylindrical body has inclined surfaces that incline radially outward toward a base end side on both sides of the cylindrical blade portion as a boundary line. 7. Cutter.   The observation surface cutter according to claim 6, wherein the inclined surface has a circumferential blade portion having a tip pointed in a circumferential direction of the cylindrical body.

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