JP2012511118A - 実用規模の浸透グリッド・ストレージ - Google Patents
実用規模の浸透グリッド・ストレージ Download PDFInfo
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- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03G—SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS; MECHANICAL-POWER PRODUCING DEVICES OR MECHANISMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR OR USING ENERGY SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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- Other Liquid Machine Or Engine Such As Wave Power Use (AREA)
- Supply And Distribution Of Alternating Current (AREA)
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Abstract
【選択図】図2
Description
開示されている浸透システムおよび方法を含む多様な貯蔵技術は、比較サイズおよび操作パラメータに基づきモデル化され、効率および資本コストの点で評価された。以下の表1は、効率に関する結果を要約している。
本明細書に開示されている1つまたは複数の実施形態に従ってモデル化された浸透グリッド・ストレージ・システムに対してコスト分析が実行された。モデル化の元となったシステム仕様は、600MWHという総エネルギー貯蔵容量、100MWという送達電力、12時間の送達時間、150ATM圧力、および廃熱を供給するための1GW石炭プラントを含んでいた。分析は、エネルギー解決策としての浸透グリッド・ストレージの実行可能性を示す、$0.08という1キロワットあたりの推定コストを出した。
多様な実施形態による浸透グリッド・ストレージ・システムの貯蔵容量の機能としてキロワット時あたりのコストをモデル化するために分析が実行された。以下の表2に提示された結果は、MWH貯蔵容量の増加に伴ったキロワット時あたりのコストの減少を示している。貯蔵を3倍にすると、コストを半分以上削減した。30MWH貯蔵容量で推定された$0.098/KWHは、従来のグリッド・ストレージ・オプションに比べて魅力的である。
太陽熱は、ゼロエミッションで大量の将来の電力需要を提供する能力のあるクリーンな電気の最も前途有望な新生の形の1つである。しかしながら、太陽熱技術は、それらが、太陽光がない夜の間に電力を送達できるようになんらかの形のエネルギー貯蔵を必要とする。エネルギー貯蔵がないと、それを日に24時間確実に利用できないため、太陽熱電気は制限され、市場で値引かれる。太陽熱プラントは、この問題を軽減するために約16時間の貯蔵を必要とする−これは、即座に、この規模では経済的ではない(電池のような)多くのグリッド・ストレージ・オプションを排除する。開示されている浸透グリッド・ストレージは、太陽熱プラントが存在するどこにでも建設することができ、マルチメガワットまたはマルチギガワットの規模で多くの電力時間数を貯蔵できる。さらに、太陽熱は「熱的生成」プロセスであるため、発電に寄与しない(150℃未満の)利用可能な多大な廃熱がある。プラントが全力で電気を生産している日中、プラントはプラントの総発熱率(出力)に影響を与えずに貯蔵のために廃熱を利用することもできる。夜間、浸透電池は電力を放出し、容量を維持するために電源を入れることができる。このレベルの追加の信頼性は、太陽熱発電所の収益性を大幅に改善できる。
浸透グリッド・ストレージ・システムおよび方法は、1つまたは複数の実施形態に従ってガスタービン結合サイクル(GTCC)と結合されてよい。図4の概略図に提示される予備的なモデル化は、530MWを超える貯蔵容量を示唆している。
浸透グリッド・ストレージ・システムおよび方法は、1つまたは複数の実施形態によるディーゼル発電機と組み合わされてよい。図5Aの概略図に提示されるように、浸透貯蔵は、10MWのディーゼル発電機と一体化されてよい。図5Bの概略図に提示されるように、浸透エネルギー貯蔵は、熱ガス流れから熱を回収するために熱回収蒸気発生器(HRSG)だけではなく、ディーゼル発電機と一体化されてよい。
浸透グリッド・ストレージ・システムおよび方法は、1つまたは複数の実施形態に従って発電所冷却プロセスと結合されてよい。典型的な発電所冷却プロセスは、図6Aに提示されている。図6Bは、浸透貯蔵が一体化される容易さを反映している。
Claims (45)
- 浸透電池を操作する方法であって、
希釈食塩水のソースを提供することと、
前記希釈食塩水を分離し、濃縮液および実質的に希薄な使用液を形成することと、
前記実質的に希薄な使用液から流体隔離して前記濃縮液を貯蔵することと、
前記濃縮液および実質的に希薄な使用液の間の濃度勾配を維持し、前記濃縮液と前記実質的に希薄な使用液の間の化学エネルギー・ポテンシャル差としてエネルギーを貯蔵することと
を含む方法。 - 前記希釈食塩水を分離することが、前記希釈食塩水を蒸留塔に導入することを含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記化学エネルギー・ポテンシャル差を電力に変換することをさらに含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記化学エネルギー・ポテンシャル差が、電力需要の検出に応えて電力に変換される、請求項3に記載の方法。
- 前記化学エネルギー・ポテンシャル差を電力に変換することが、浸透圧発電プロセスを使用して実行される、請求項3に記載の方法。
- 前記浸透圧発電プロセスが、前記濃縮液の少なくとも一部を加圧することを含む、請求項4に記載の方法。
- 前記浸透圧発電プロセスが、前記加圧された濃縮液の少なくとも一部の体積を増加し、体積が拡張された加圧溶液を形成することをさらに含む、請求項6に記載の方法。
- 前記体積を増加することが、前記希釈使用液の少なくとも一部を前記加圧された濃縮液に導入することを含む、請求項7に記載の方法。
- 前記体積を増加することが、半透膜を使用して水の流動を促進することを含む、請求項8に記載の方法。
- 前記浸透圧発電プロセスが、電力を生成するため、および前記希釈食塩水を生成するために、前記加圧された溶液の圧力を減少させることをさらに含む、請求項7に記載の方法。
- 前記圧力を減少させることが、前記加圧された溶液をタービンを通して流すことを含む、請求項10に記載の方法。
- 前記希釈食塩水を分離部に導入することをさらに含む、請求項10に記載の方法。
- 前記分離部が、蒸留塔、パーベーパレーション部、逆浸透膜分離部、ナノ濾過膜分離部、および電気透析装置から成るグループから選択される、請求項12に記載の方法。
- 電気で前記分離部に電力を供給することをさらに含む、請求項12に記載の方法。
- 上流部動作によって生成される熱で前記分離部に電力を供給することをさらに含む、請求項12に記載の方法。
- 前記分離部が、燃料源の燃焼によって生成される熱で電力を供給される、請求項15に記載の方法。
- 再生可能エネルギー源の副産物として生成される熱で前記分離部に電力を供給することをさらに含む、請求項15に記載の方法。
- 前記分離部によって生成される水を使用場所に提供することをさらに含む、請求項12に記載の方法。
- 前記電力を使用場所に送達することをさらに含む、請求項10に記載の方法。
- 前記濃縮液が熱分解塩を含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記濃縮液が、アンモニア−二酸化炭素溶液を含む、請求項20に記載の方法。
- 前記濃縮液が、1対1を超えるモル比でアンモニアおよび二酸化炭素を含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記化学エネルギー・ポテンシャル差を電力に変換することが、電気化学プロセスを使用して実行される、請求項4に記載の方法。
- 前記圧力の少なくとも一部を、前記加圧された溶液から、前記濃縮液および前記実質的に希薄な使用液から離れたタービン流体に移すことと、タービン内で前記加圧されたタービン流体流れを減圧することをさらに含む、請求項10に記載の方法。
- 半透膜を備える浸透圧発電部と、
前記浸透圧発電部の第1の入口に流体接続される濃縮液のソース、および前記浸透圧発電部の第2の入口に流体接続される希釈使用液のソースを備えるポテンシャル・エネルギー貯蔵部と、
前記浸透圧発電膜部の下流で流体接続されるタービンと、
前記タービン部に接続される電気発電機と
を備える、浸透エネルギー・システム。 - 前記タービンの下流で流体接続される蒸留塔をさらに備える、請求項25に記載のシステム。
- 前記蒸留塔が、前記濃縮液ソースおよび前記希釈使用液ソースと流体接続される、請求項26に記載のシステム。
- 前記蒸留塔に熱的に接続される再生利用エネルギー源をさらに備える、請求項27に記載のシステム。
- 前記蒸留塔に熱的に接続されている、工業用廃熱のソースをさらに備える、請求項27に記載のシステム。
- 前記蒸留塔に接続される電源をさらに備える、請求項27に記載のシステム。
- パーベーパレーション部、二次膜分離部、または前記タービンの下流で流体接続される電気透析装置をさらに備える、請求項25に記載のシステム。
- 前記蒸留塔の出口に流体接続される、工業用、灌漑、または飲料用の水の使用場所をさらに備える請求項26に記載のシステム。
- 前記タービンの下流で電気的に接続されるグリッド・エネルギー供給システムをさらに備える、請求項25に記載のシステム。
- 前記グリッド・エネルギー供給システムに接続されるベースロード発電所をさらに備える、請求項33に記載のシステム。
- 前記グリッド・エネルギー供給システムからエネルギー需要を検出するように構成されたコントローラをさらに備える、請求項34に記載のシステム。
- 前記タービンの下流で流体接続される逆浸透部またはナノ濾過部をさらに備える、請求項25に記載のシステム。
- 前記濃縮液が熱分解塩を含む、請求項25に記載のシステム。
- 希釈食塩水のソースを提供することと、
前記希釈食塩水を分離し、濃縮液および実質的に希薄な使用液を形成するために電気エネルギーを使用することと、
前記濃縮液および前記実質的に希薄な使用液を貯蔵することと、
前記濃縮液と前記実質的に希薄な使用液の間の濃度勾配を維持し、ポテンシャル・エネルギーを利用することと
を含む、浸透電池を操作する方法。 - 前記希釈食塩水を分離するために電気エネルギーを使用する前記ステップが、前記希釈食塩水を、ナノ濾過、逆浸透、または電気脱イオン(EDI)プロセスに導入することを含む、請求項38に記載の方法。
- 前記ポテンシャル・エネルギーから電気を生成する前記プロセスが、浸透圧発電プロセスを備える、請求項38に記載の方法。
- 前記ポテンシャル・エネルギーから電気を生成する前記プロセスが、逆電気透析(RED)プロセスを含む、請求項38に記載の方法。
- 浸透電池を操作する方法であって、
希釈食塩水を熱分離プロセスに導入し、濃縮液および実質的に希薄な使用液を形成することと、
前記濃縮液および前記実質的に希薄な使用液を貯蔵することと、
前記濃縮液と前記実質的に希薄な使用液の間の濃度勾配を維持し、ポテンシャル・エネルギーを利用することと、
前記濃縮液および前記実質的に希薄な使用液を浸透圧発電プロセスに導入し、電力需要に応えて前記ポテンシャル・エネルギーから電気を生成することと
を含む、方法。 - 前記熱分離プロセスが、蒸留プロセスを含む、請求項42に記載の方法。
- 浸透エネルギー・システムであって、
グリッド・エネルギー送達システムと、
前記グリッド・エネルギー送達システムに電気的に結合される電気化学的発電装置と、
前記電気化学的発電装置の第1の入口に流体接続される濃縮液のソースと、前記電気化学的発電装置の第2の入口に流体接続される希釈使用液のソースを備えるポテンシャル・エネルギー貯蔵部と
を備える、システム。 - 前記電気化学的発電装置が、逆電気透析(RED)部を備える、請求項44に記載のシステム。
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WO2010065791A2 (en) | 2010-06-10 |
IL213151A (en) | 2015-09-24 |
BRPI0923152A2 (pt) | 2016-02-10 |
MX2011005893A (es) | 2011-09-21 |
KR20110127639A (ko) | 2011-11-25 |
US20100183903A1 (en) | 2010-07-22 |
MA33086B1 (fr) | 2012-03-01 |
AU2009322325A1 (en) | 2010-06-10 |
SG171463A1 (en) | 2011-07-28 |
CA2745702A1 (en) | 2010-06-10 |
JP2015135107A (ja) | 2015-07-27 |
WO2010065791A3 (en) | 2011-03-17 |
EA022856B1 (ru) | 2016-03-31 |
CN102272449A (zh) | 2011-12-07 |
EA201170750A1 (ru) | 2011-12-30 |
US8795525B2 (en) | 2014-08-05 |
AU2009322325B2 (en) | 2015-10-29 |
EP2366066A2 (en) | 2011-09-21 |
CN102272449B (zh) | 2015-04-01 |
CL2011001336A1 (es) | 2011-10-14 |
IL213151A0 (en) | 2011-07-31 |
EG26335A (en) | 2013-08-19 |
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