JP2012249435A - Power generation system - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a power generation system capable of appropriately performing a start process and a stop process of a power generation device, even when outage of a power system occurs.SOLUTION: A power generation system comprises: a power generation device which can interconnect with a power system, is made to complete a start through a start process performed by using power supplied from the power system, and is made to complete a stop through a stop process performed by using the power supplied from the power system; information acceptance means for accepting information input from the outside; and control means for controlling operation of the power generation device. The control means controls the operation of the power generation device so that the start process or the stop process is completed before the timing of an outage start, on the basis of outage information capable of identifying the timing of the outage start of the power system which is accepted before the outage start of the power system by the information acceptance means.

Description

  The present invention can be connected to an electric power system, and is completed through an activation process performed using electric power supplied from the electric power system, and is stopped using electric power supplied from the electric power system. The present invention relates to a power generation system that includes a power generation device that is completed after being stopped and control means that controls the operation of the power generation device.

  The power generation apparatus can perform a power generation operation after the startup process is completed through the startup process. For example, in the case of a power generation device using a fuel cell, before the fuel cell starts power generation operation, as a part of the start-up process, a process of supplying fuel to the fuel cell by operating a pump or a valve, A step of raising the temperature to a predetermined temperature is required. Alternatively, in the case of a power generation device in which the generator is driven by the driving force of the engine, it is necessary to supply electric power in order to start the engine by a starter motor or the like before the generator starts the power generation operation. As described above, electric power is required to perform the startup process for appropriately starting the power generation device.

  Similarly, electric power is required to implement a stop process for appropriately stopping the power generation operation of the power generation apparatus. For example, in the case of a power generation device using a fuel cell, after the fuel cell stops generating operation, a process for adjusting the temperature and pressure inside the fuel cell while adjusting the pump and valves is necessary. become. Alternatively, in the case of a power generation device in which the generator is driven by the driving force of the engine, in the stop process, the process of supplying engine cooling water to the engine using the pump even after the generator stops the power generation operation, A process of operating the radiator fan is performed. Thus, in order to implement the stop process for stopping a power generator appropriately, electric power is needed.

  If the start-up and stop processes required for the power generator are not performed properly, the power generator may not be able to perform power generation because it cannot maintain normal temperature, pressure, etc. There is a possibility that the life of the power generation device may be shortened due to the fact that the inside of the power generation device cannot be properly distributed and temperature stress is applied. Therefore, it can be connected to the electric power system, is completed through the starting process performed using the electric power supplied from the electric power system, and is subjected to the stopping process performed using the electric power supplied from the electric power system. In the case of a power generation device that is stopped, the power generation device cannot be started and stopped normally if the power system has a power failure.

  Patent Document 1 describes a power generation system configured to be able to start a power generation device by supplying power from a power storage device even during a power failure of the power system. In this way, if a system capable of constantly supplying power from the power storage device to the power generation device is constructed, it is possible to complete the power generation device start-up process and shutdown process normally even during a power outage. is there.

JP 2008-22650 A

  In the power generation system described in Patent Literature 1, although there is an advantage that the power generation device startup process and the shutdown process can be normally performed even during a power system power outage, a power outage that does not necessarily occur with high probability is assumed. Since a power storage device that functions as a power source is required during a power outage of the power system, there is a problem that the cost of the power generation system increases and the system configuration becomes complicated.

  If the power system fails during operation of the power generation apparatus, it is possible not to stop the power generation apparatus but to continue operation of the power generation apparatus after disconnecting the power generation apparatus from the power system. At that time, if the power generation output of the power generation device is consumed by power consuming components such as a pump and a heater provided inside the power generation device, the supply and demand balance of power can be maintained. However, depending on the specifications of the power generation device, when the power outage continues for a long time, if the power generation output of the power generation device continues to be consumed by the power consumption components inside the power generation device, the temperature inside the power generation device cannot be maintained at an appropriate temperature. The power generation device is also forcibly stopped. In that case, since the power generator must be stopped urgently in the absence of power supply, as a result, the power generator stop process cannot be completed normally.

  The present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and its purpose is to start and stop the power generation apparatus even when the power system fails without making the power generation system complicated and expensive. The point is to provide a power generation system capable of appropriately performing the process.

The characteristic configuration of the power generation system according to the present invention for achieving the above object is as follows:
It can be connected to the electric power system, is started through a starting process performed using the power supplied from the power system, and is stopped through a stopping process performed using the power supplied from the power system. With power generator completed,
Information receiving means for receiving information input from the outside;
Control means for controlling the operation of the power generator,
The control means, based on the power failure information that can identify the power failure start timing of the power system received by the information acceptance means before the power failure start of the power system, before the power failure start timing It is in the point which controls operation | movement of the said electric power generating apparatus so that a starting process or the said stop process may be completed.

According to the above characteristic configuration, the power reception device and the power generation device that start the power generation device using the power failure information that can identify the timing of the power failure start of the power system received by the information reception means before the power failure start of the power system The stop process for stopping the power can be completed before the power failure start timing of the power system. In other words, while power is being supplied from the power system, the power generation device startup process and shutdown process can be reliably performed using the power supplied from the power system. Is no longer necessary.
Therefore, without adding complexity and cost to the power generation system, it is only necessary to provide the information receiving means and the control means according to the present application, and even if the power system is out of power, the start-up process and the stop process of the power generation apparatus are appropriately performed. A power generation system that can be used can be provided.

  Another characteristic configuration of the power generation system according to the present invention is that the power generation device is a cogeneration device that generates heat and electricity together, stores heat generated by the cogeneration device, and stores heat It is in the point provided with the thermal storage apparatus which can supply to a heat consumption apparatus.

  According to the above characteristic configuration, since the power generation device is a cogeneration device, heat and electricity can be used during operation of the cogeneration device. Moreover, since the heat storage device which stores the heat generated by the combined heat and power supply device is provided, the heat can be used even when the combined heat and power supply device is stopped. Therefore, even if the operation of the combined heat and power supply device is stopped in response to a power failure of the power system, it is advantageous in that at least heat can be used.

  Still another characteristic configuration of the power generation system according to the present invention is that the information reception unit receives power outage information that can identify the timing of the power outage start and the power outage end before the power outage start of the power system, The control means predicts that the heat stored in the heat storage device will be full during the power outage, assuming that the power generation device continues to operate during the power outage between the power outage start timing and the power outage end timing. The power generation device that is in operation is completed before the power failure start timing, and the power generation device that is in operation is in a stopped state until the power failure of the power system ends. It is in the point which controls operation | movement of the said electric power generating apparatus so that it may remain as it is.

If it is time to start or stop operation of the combined heat and power device as appropriate, it is possible to perform operation control such that the combined heat and power supply device is stopped when the heat stored in the heat storage device is full. However, since the shutdown process of the combined heat and power supply device cannot be normally performed during a power failure in the power system, even if the heat stored in the heat storage device becomes full, the combined operation of the combined heat and power supply device cannot be stopped normally.
However, according to this characteristic configuration, when it is predicted that the heat stored in the heat storage device will be full during the power failure when the control means is assumed to continue operating the power generation device during the power failure, Complete the shutdown process of a power generator before the start of the power failure (that is, while power can be supplied from the power system) The operation of the power generator is controlled so as to maintain the stopped state. As a result, even if the power storage device becomes full during a power outage of the power system and it is necessary to stop the operation of the combined heat and power supply, it is possible to avoid the occurrence of a problem that the stop process cannot be performed normally due to the power outage, It is possible to avoid as much as possible a situation where excessive heat is stored in the heat storage device during a power failure of the power system.

  Still another characteristic configuration of the power generation system according to the present invention is that the information reception unit receives power outage information that can identify the timing of the power outage start and the power outage end before the power outage start of the power system, When it is assumed that the control unit continues to operate the power generation device during a power failure between the power failure start timing and the power failure end timing, the heat stored in the heat storage device does not become full during the power failure. If predicted, the start-up process of the power generation device that is in operation is completed before the timing of the power failure start, and the power generation device that is in operation is in an operation state until the end of the power failure of the power system. The point is to control the operation of the power generator so as to keep it as it is.

If it is time when the operation of the cogeneration device can be started or stopped as appropriate, operation control such as starting the operation of the cogeneration device when the heat stored in the heat storage device is reduced is also possible. However, since the startup process of the combined heat and power supply device cannot be performed normally during a power failure in the power system, the combined operation of the combined heat and power supply device cannot be normally started even if the heat stored in the heat storage device is reduced.
However, according to this characteristic configuration, when it is assumed that the power storage device continues to operate during a power failure of the power system, the control means is stopped when it is predicted that the heat stored in the heat storage device will not become full during the power failure. Is completed before the power failure start timing (that is, while the power supply can be received from the power system), and the power generator in operation is completed until the power system power failure ends. The operation of the power generator is controlled so as to maintain the operation state. As a result, it is possible to avoid as much as possible a situation in which only a small amount of heat remains in the heat storage device during a power failure of the power system.

  Yet another characteristic configuration of the power generation system according to the present invention includes a power consuming device capable of consuming the generated power of the power generation device during a power failure of the power system, and the control means is configured to perform the power system during the power failure of the power system. When the power generation device is operated, the operation of the power generation device and the power consumption device is controlled so that the power consumption of the power generation device is consumed by the power consumption device.

  According to the above characteristic configuration, it is possible to achieve a supply-demand balance between the generated power of the power generation device and the power consumption of the power consumption device while the power generation device is operating during a power failure.

  Yet another characteristic configuration of the power generation system according to the present invention is that the control means operates the power generation apparatus in a state where the power generation output is minimized during a power failure of the power system.

  According to the above characteristic configuration, since the power generation output of the power generation device is controlled to be the minimum, the power consumption of the power consumption device necessary for balancing the supply and demand can be reduced. As a result, it is possible to achieve a supply and demand balance between the generated power of the power generation apparatus during a power failure and the power consumption of the power consumption apparatus with a small loss.

It is a figure which shows the structure of a power generation system. It is a timing diagram explaining the operation control of the combined heat and power device, which is performed according to the scheduled time of power failure start of the power system. It is a timing diagram explaining the operation control of the cogeneration apparatus performed according to the scheduled time of the power failure start and power failure end of the power system and the heat storage amount of the heat storage device. It is a timing diagram explaining the operation control of the cogeneration apparatus performed according to the scheduled time of the power failure start and power failure end of the power system and the heat storage amount of the heat storage device. It is a timing diagram explaining the operation control of the cogeneration apparatus performed according to the scheduled time of the power failure start and power failure end of the power system and the heat storage amount of the heat storage device.

The power generation system S of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a configuration of the power generation system S. The power generation system S includes a thermoelectric power supply device 2 as a power generation device that can be connected to the power system 1, an information receiving unit 3 that receives information from the outside, and a control unit that controls the operation of the heat and power supply device 2 as a power generation device. 4. In the present embodiment, the opening / closing device 6 and the power conversion device 5 are also components of the power generation system S. The first power consuming device 9A can also be a component of the power generation system S.

  The combined heat and power supply device 2 as a power generation device is a device that generates heat and electricity together. For example, there is a combined heat and power supply device 2 that includes an engine and a generator driven by the engine, generates heat in the engine, and generates electricity in the generator. Alternatively, there is a cogeneration apparatus 2 that includes a fuel cell and generates heat and electricity together from the fuel cell. The electric power generated in the combined heat and power supply device 2 is converted into desired power by the power conversion device 5 and then supplied to the AC line 10.

  A first power consuming device 9 </ b> A and a second power consuming device 9 </ b> B are connected to the AC line 10 as the power consuming device 9. The power system 1 is connected to the AC line 10, and power is supplied from the power system 1 to the AC line 10. In the middle of the AC line 10, an opening / closing device 6 that switches the presence / absence of an electrical connection between the thermoelectric generator 2 and the power converter 5 and the power system 1 is provided. The first power consuming device 9 </ b> A is connected to the AC line 10 closer to the cogeneration device 2 than the switchgear 6 (that is, between the switchgear 6 and the power converter 5). The second power consuming device 9 </ b> B is connected to the AC line 10 on the power system 1 side relative to the switchgear 6. In the present embodiment, at least the first power consuming device 9 </ b> A is configured to be controllable by the control unit 4. That is, the control means 4 is configured to be able to adjust the power consumption of the first power consuming device 9A. The first power consuming device 9A is, for example, an electric heater device whose power consumption changes continuously according to control by the control means 4, or a lamp device whose power consumption changes stepwise. However, other devices may be used. Alternatively, the first power consuming device 9A may be a device group including the above-described electric heater device, electric lamp device, and other devices in appropriate combination.

  When the switchgear 6 is closed, electrical connection between the combined heat and power supply device 2 and the power converter 5 and the power system 1 is present. At this time, power is supplied from at least one of the combined heat and power supply device 2 and the power system 1 to both the first power consuming device 9A and the second power consuming device 9B. On the other hand, when the opening / closing device 6 is opened, there is no electrical connection between the combined heat and power supply device 2 and the power conversion device 5 and the power system 1. At this time, the first power consuming device 9A is electrically connected only to the combined heat and power supply device 2, and the second power consuming device 9B is electrically connected only to the power system 1. As a result, if the combined heat and power supply device 2 is generating power, the generated power is supplied only to the first power consuming device 9A. Moreover, if power transmission is performed from the power grid 1, the supplied power is supplied only to the second power consuming device 9B.

  The switchgear 6 is configured using, for example, a semiconductor switch or a relay, and its operation is controlled by the control means 4. For example, when a power failure detection device (not shown) detects a power failure in the power system, the control means 4 gives an electrical signal to the switchgear 6 to connect the heat and power supply device 2 and the power conversion device 5 to the power system 1. By eliminating the electrical connection, the single operation of the combined heat and power supply device 2 is prevented.

  In the present embodiment, the power generation system S includes a heat storage device 7 for storing heat generated in the combined heat and power supply device 2. For example, the heat storage device 7 that stores heat by storing the heat medium can be configured. In this case, by circulating the heat medium between the heat storage device 7 and the combined heat and power supply device 2, the exhaust heat of the combined heat and power supply device 2 can be recovered by the heat medium and stored in the heat storage device 7. The heat stored in the heat storage device 7 can be used in the heat consuming device 8 for various uses such as a hot water supply use and a heating use, for example. The actual heat storage amount in the heat storage device 7 can be determined by the control means 4 with reference to the result of measuring the temperature of the heat medium stored in the heat storage device 7 using a temperature sensor (not shown). In addition, in the electric power generation system S of this embodiment, the apparatus which forcibly radiates the heat which the said heat medium has is not provided. That is, the heat reduced from the heat storage device 7 is the amount consumed by the heat consuming device 8 and the amount of natural heat radiation. Therefore, the control means 4 predicts that the actual amount of heat stored in the heat storage device 7 at a certain time and the amount of change heat that is predicted to be generated in the heat storage device 7 after that time (that is, recovered from the combined heat and power supply device 2). Prediction of the amount of heat stored in the heat storage device 7 at a certain time in the future with reference to the predicted increase in heat amount, the predicted decrease in heat amount predicted to be consumed in the heat consuming device 8, the predicted decrease in heat amount due to natural heat dissipation, etc. A value can be derived.

The information accepting unit 3 accepts power outage information that can specify the power outage start timing of the power system 1 and in addition, power outage information that can specify the power outage end timing of the power system 1. For example, power outage information that can specify the timing of the start of power outage and the end of power outage is a power outage that can specify the scheduled timing of the start of power outage and the end of power outage by specifying the time such as `` From what hour and what time the power outage starts '' Information or power outage information that can specify the scheduled timing of power outage start and power outage by designating a period from the reference point such as “hours after power is notified”.
In the following embodiment, an example will be described in which the information receiving unit 3 receives power outage information that can specify the timing of power outage start and power outage end by specifying the time.

  The information receiving means 3 has a predetermined power outage scheduled time (ie, “power failure start timing”) or a power outage start and power outage scheduled time (ie, “power outage end timing”) in advance. When the information is transmitted in advance, information on the scheduled start time of the power outage or the scheduled time of the start of the power outage and the end of the power outage (that is, “power outage information capable of specifying the timing of the start of the power outage and the end of the power outage”) It can be accepted prior to the scheduled start time of the power outage. For example, the information receiving means 3 is a device that receives information transmitted through the power system 1 (that is, via a power transmission / distribution line), a device that receives information transmitted by radio waves, and an information communication line such as the Internet. For example, a device that receives information transmitted by the user, a device that receives manual input of information by an operator, and the like. That is, when the scheduled power outage start time of the power system 1 or the scheduled power outage start time and power outage end time is received by the information receiving means 3 and automatically transmitted to the control means 4, The operator who knows the scheduled time or the scheduled start time of the power outage and the scheduled power outage time may be transmitted to the control means 4 by manually inputting the information using the information receiving means 3.

The control means 4 is configured by using, for example, an information processing device and controls the operation of the combined heat and power supply device 2. For example, the control means 4 creates an operation plan of the combined heat and power supply device 2 in advance according to the predicted power demand of the first power consuming device 9A and the second power consuming device 9B and the predicted heat demand of the heat consuming device 8, Controlling the operation of the cogeneration device 2 (that is, the start start timing, the start completion timing, the stop start timing, the stop completion timing, the output power value during operation, etc.) in accordance with the operation plan, the first power consuming device 9A and It is possible to control the cogeneration device 2 to operate in the main power so as to cover the power demand of the second power consumption device 9B, and to operate the cogeneration device 2 in the main heat operation so as to cover the heat demand of the heat consumption device 8. It is. In addition, in the present embodiment, the control unit 4 controls the operations of the power conversion device 5, the opening / closing device 6, and the first power consuming device 9A described above.
Next, the starting process and the stopping process of the combined heat and power unit 2 performed by the control unit 4 will be described.

[Start-up process]
When the combined heat and power supply device 2 is configured with a fuel cell, in the startup process, a process of supplying fuel to the fuel cell by operating a pump or a valve, a process of raising the temperature of the fuel cell to a predetermined temperature, etc. are performed. Is done. The approximate time required for the starting process is determined in advance by each of the combined heat and power supply devices 2, and is stored in, for example, a storage device (not shown) that can be read by the control means 4. Then, the fuel cell is started up through the start-up process, and starts to generate power after the start-up is completed or in the middle of the start-up process. Alternatively, in the case where the combined heat and power supply device 2 is a power generation device in which the generator is driven by the driving force of the engine, in the start-up step, the step of starting the engine with a starter motor or the like before the generator starts the power generation operation Is implemented. Then, the engine and the generator are started up through the start-up process, and start to generate electric power after the start-up is completed or in the middle of the start-up process.
As mentioned above, in order to complete a starting process normally, supply of the electric power from the electric power grid | system 1 to the cogeneration apparatus 2 is needed at least. That is, the start-up process of the combined heat and power supply device 2 may be performed using a part of the power generated by the combined heat and power supply device 2 itself, but is performed at least in a situation where power is supplied from the power system 1. It is necessary to

[Stop process]
When the combined heat and power supply device 2 is configured with a fuel cell, in the stop process, the process of adjusting the temperature and pressure inside the fuel cell while operating the pump and the valve even after the fuel cell stops the power generation operation, etc. Is implemented. The approximate time required for the stopping process is determined in advance in each of the combined heat and power supply devices 2, and is stored, for example, in a storage device (not shown) that can be read by the control means 4. Then, the fuel cell is stopped through a stopping process. Alternatively, in the case where the combined heat and power supply device 2 is a power generation device in which the generator is driven by the driving force of the engine, in the stop process, the engine cooling water is supplied to the engine using the pump even after the generator stops the power generation operation. The process of supplying to a fan, the process of operating a radiator fan, etc. are implemented. Then, the engine and the generator are stopped through a stop process.
As described above, in order to successfully complete the stopping process, at least power supply from the power system 1 to the combined heat and power supply device 2 is required. That is, the stopping process of the combined heat and power supply apparatus 2 may be performed using a part of the power generated by the combined heat and power supply apparatus 2 itself, but is performed at least in a situation where power is supplied from the power system 1. It is necessary to

  In the present embodiment, since the start process of the combined heat and power supply device 2 is normally completed and the stop process is normally completed, the control means 4 is configured so that the information receiving means 3 is before the power failure start of the power system 1. The operation of the power generator is controlled so that the start-up process or the stop process is completed before the scheduled time for starting the power outage based on the information regarding the scheduled time for starting the power outage of the power system 1 received in (1).

  Specifically, the control means 4 is stored in the heat storage device 7 when it is assumed that the combined operation of the heat and power supply device 2 is continued during the power failure between the scheduled start time of the power system 1 and the scheduled end time of the power failure. If it is predicted that the heat will be full during a power failure, the shutdown process of the combined heat and power supply device 2 is completed before the scheduled time for starting the power failure, and the combined heat and power supply device 2 is stopped. The operation of the combined heat and power supply device 2 is controlled so as to maintain the state. Further, when the control means 4 assumes that the combined heat and power supply device 2 is continuously operated during a power failure between the scheduled time of the power system 1 and the scheduled time of termination of the power failure, the heat stored in the heat storage device 7 is lost. If it is predicted that it will not become full, the start-up process of the combined heat and power device 2 that has been stopped is completed before the scheduled start time of the power failure, and the combined heat and power device 2 that is in operation The operation of the combined heat and power supply device 2 is controlled so as to be maintained.

The operation of the control means 4 will be described below with specific examples 1 to 4.
[Case 1]
FIG. 2 is a timing diagram for explaining the operation control of the combined heat and power supply device 2 performed according to the scheduled time of the power system 1 to start a power failure. FIG. 2A is a diagram showing a scheduled time (scheduled start time of power failure) t1 when the power system 1 is switched from the power transmission state to the power failure state. FIG.2 (b) is a figure which shows the timing until it completes starting through the starting process after the cogeneration apparatus 2 stops. FIG.2 (c) is a figure which shows the timing until the combined heat and power supply apparatus 2 completes a stop through an operation state through a stop process.

  As shown in FIG. 2, the control unit 4 receives the power from the power system 1 based on the information about the scheduled power outage start time of the power system 1 received by the information receiving unit 3 before the power outage start of the power system 1. While the supply is being performed, the start-up process and the stop process are normally completed. That is, since the power generation apparatus can be reliably started and stopped using the power supplied from the power system 1, a conventional system configuration including a power storage device is not necessary.

  When the information receiving means 3 receives information related to the scheduled power outage start time of the power system 1, the control means 4 is combined with heat and power after the scheduled power outage start time of the power system 1 (that is, during the power outage of the power system 1). It is determined whether it is appropriate to operate the device 2. The criterion for determining whether it is appropriate to operate the combined heat and power supply device 2 can be set as appropriate. For example, assuming that the combined heat and power supply device 2 continues to operate during a power failure in the power system 1, if it is predicted that the heat stored in the heat storage device 7 will not be full during the power failure, the combined heat and power supply during the power failure in the power system 1 A criterion for determining that it is appropriate to operate the apparatus 2 may be set. Or, when there is an operation plan of the combined heat and power supply device 2 in which the original start-up schedule is incorporated within the set time from the scheduled time of starting the power failure (for example, when the scheduled time of starting the power failure is 13:30, If the original start-up schedule exists within one hour after the scheduled power outage start time (for example, the start-up plan is planned at 14:00), the thermoelectric power is A criterion for determining that it is appropriate to operate the co-feeder 2 may be set. That is, the original start-up schedule of the combined heat and power supply apparatus 2 is executed ahead of schedule. In addition, various determination criteria may be set as to whether or not it is appropriate to operate the combined heat and power supply device 2.

For example, the control unit 4 continuously operates the cogeneration apparatus 2 during the power failure of the power system 1 when the original start-up schedule exists within a set time from the scheduled time of the power failure start received by the information receiving unit 3. It is determined that it is appropriate to carry out, and information on the time required for the start-up process as described above is read from a storage device (not shown), and the start-up process is started from the scheduled start time of the power failure as shown in FIG. The starting process of the combined heat and power unit 2 in the stopped state is started at the timing before the required time. Or although not shown in FIG. 2, the control means 4 will maintain the operation state, if the cogeneration apparatus 2 is already in the operation state.
Alternatively, the control unit 4 operates the cogeneration device 2 during the power failure of the power system 1 when the original start-up schedule does not exist within the set time from the scheduled time of the power failure start received by the information receiving unit 3. It is determined that it is appropriate to stop continuously, information on the time required for the stop process as described above is read from a storage device (not shown), and as shown in FIG. At the same time as the time required for the stop process, the stop process of the cogeneration apparatus 2 in the operating state is started. Or although not shown in FIG. 2, if the heat-and-electric power supply apparatus 2 is already in a stop state, the control means 4 will maintain the stop state.

  As described above, in the power generation system S of the present embodiment, since the power generation apparatus can be reliably started and stopped using the power supplied from the power system 1, a system configuration including a conventional power storage device is provided. Is no longer necessary.

[Case 2]
FIG. 3 is a timing diagram for explaining the operation control of the combined heat and power supply device 2 performed according to the scheduled start time and the end time of the power failure of the power system 1. FIG. 3A shows a scheduled time (scheduled start time of power failure) t1 when the power system 1 switches from the power transmission state to the power failure state, a scheduled time (scheduled time when power failure ends) t2 when the power system 1 switches from the power failure state to the power transmission state, and the subsequent power failure It is a figure which shows the timing of the power failure start and the power failure end which were actually performed at the scheduled start time t3 and the scheduled power failure end time t4. FIG.3 (b) is a figure which shows the timing which the cogeneration apparatus 2 is switched between an operation state and a stop state. FIG. 3C is a graph showing temporal changes in the amount of heat stored in the heat storage device 7. As shown in FIG. 3C, when the combined heat and power supply device 2 is initially stopped, the heat storage amount stored in the heat storage device 7 is a low level close to empty, but the combined heat and power supply device 2 is When operated, the heat generated by the combined heat and power supply device 2 is recovered by the heat storage device 7 and increases. The amount of heat stored in the heat storage device 7 is decreased due to at least one of natural heat dissipation and that the stored heat is used in the heat consuming device 8.

  In the example shown in FIG. 3 (a), the power failure timing at which the power system 1 switches from the power transmission state to the power failure state (scheduled start times t1 and t3), and the power recovery timing at which the power system 1 switches from the power failure state to the power transmission state ( There are times t2 and t4) at the end of the power failure. Therefore, the control means 4 is the thermoelectric power at the timing before the power failure timing by the time required for the start process or the stop process (that is, the timing at which the start process or the stop process can be performed with the power supplied from the power system 1). It is determined whether to start or stop the cogeneration device 2 or to continue or stop the operation of the cogeneration device 2. Similarly, the control means 4 starts or starts the start-up process of the combined heat and power unit 2 at the power recovery timing (that is, the timing at which the start-up process or the stop process can be performed with the power supplied from the power system 1). Or whether to continue or stop the operation of the combined heat and power supply device 2 is determined.

  In this example, the control means 4 determines whether to complete or stop the combined heat and power supply device 2 or to continue or stop the operation of the combined heat and power supply device 2 as shown in FIG. It implements based on the calorie | heat amount stored in the apparatus 7. FIG. The information receiving means 3 receives the scheduled time t1 for starting the power failure of the power system 1 and the scheduled time t2 for ending the power failure before the start of the power failure of the power system 1.

  Regarding the scheduled start time t1 of the power failure illustrated in FIG. 3, the combined heat and power supply device 2 is in a stopped state before the scheduled power failure start time t1 of the power system 1. Therefore, the control means 4 is the timing before the scheduled time t1 of the start of the power failure of the power system 1 by the time required for the startup process (that is, the timing at which the startup process can be performed with the power supplied from the power system 1). It is determined based on the amount of heat stored in the heat storage device 7 whether the cogeneration device 2 is completely started or whether the cogeneration device 2 is stopped. In this case 2, the control means 4 obtains information on the heat storage amount of the heat storage device 7 at a timing earlier than the scheduled time t1 of the power failure start by the time required for the startup process, and the heat storage amount is less than the set level. (That is, the heat storage device 7 has a room for further heat storage) and the power failure ends even if the cogeneration device 2 is continuously operated during the power failure between the scheduled power failure start time t1 and the scheduled power failure end time t2. It is determined that the amount of heat storage at the scheduled time t2 is not full, and it is determined that it is appropriate to continuously operate the combined heat and power supply device 2 during a power failure of the power system 1. And the control means 4 starts the starting process of the combined heat and power unit 2 in the stop state at a timing that is the time required for the starting process before the scheduled time t1 for starting the power failure, and before the scheduled time t1 for starting the power failure. The start-up process of the cogeneration apparatus 2 is completed.

  In this case, when the power system 1 is cut off at time t1, the control means 4 gives an electrical signal to the switchgear 6 to establish the electrical connection between the combined heat and power supply device 2 and the power conversion device 5 and the power system 1. By eliminating, the single operation of the combined heat and power supply device 2 is prevented. The role of this isolated operation prevention is to prevent an accident caused by a voltage generated in the power system 1 during a power failure. And the control means 4 controls the driving | operation of the cogeneration apparatus 2 and the 1st electric power consumption apparatus 9A so that the electric power generation of the cogeneration apparatus 2 may be consumed by the 1st electric power consumption apparatus 9A during the power failure of the electric power grid | system 1. FIG. At this time, it is preferable that the control means 4 operates the cogeneration apparatus 2 in a state where the power generation output is minimized during the power failure of the power system 1. When such control is performed, the supply-demand balance between the generated power of the combined heat and power supply device 2 and the consumed power of the first power consumption device 9A is maintained while the combined heat and power supply device 2 is operating during a power failure of the power system 1. Can take. In particular, if the control means 4 performs control so that the power generation output of the combined heat and power supply device 2 is minimized, the power consumption of the first power consuming device 9 </ b> A necessary for balancing the supply and demand can be reduced. As a result, it is possible to achieve a supply and demand balance between the generated power of the combined heat and power supply device 2 and the power consumption of the first power consuming device 9A during a power failure in the power system 1 with a small loss. For example, in the case where the cogeneration device 2 is a household stationary type cogeneration device configured to include a fuel cell, the power generation output range of the cogeneration device 2 is, for example, about 250 W to 750 W. The cogeneration apparatus 2 may be controlled so that the power generation output is a minimum of 250 W.

  Next, regarding the scheduled time t2 for power failure termination illustrated in FIG. 3, the control unit 4 determines whether to start the process of stopping the cogeneration device 2 in the operating state or to continue the operation of the cogeneration device 2. The determination is made based on the amount of heat stored in the heat storage device 7 at the scheduled time t2 when the power failure of the system 1 ends (that is, the timing at which the stop process can be performed with the power supplied from the power system 1). In the present case 2, when the control means 4 reaches the scheduled time t2 when the power failure ends, the control means 4 obtains information on the heat storage amount of the heat storage device 7 at that time, and the heat storage amount is less than the set level (that is, the heat storage device 7 It is determined that it is appropriate to continuously operate the combined heat and power supply device 2 even after the power system 1 is restored. And the control means 4 continues the driving | operation of the combined heat and power supply apparatus 2 as it is.

  At the scheduled start time t3 and the scheduled end time t4 of the power failure illustrated in FIG. 3, the control unit 4 starts or stops the combined heat and power supply device 2 similarly to the above-described times t1 and t2, or the combined heat and power device. Whether to continue or stop the operation of 2 is determined based on the amount of heat stored in the heat storage device 7.

[Case 3]
FIG. 4 is a timing diagram for explaining the operation control of the combined heat and power supply device 2 that is performed according to the scheduled time for the power system 1 to start and end the power failure. FIG. 4A shows a scheduled time (scheduled start time of power failure) t1 when the power system 1 switches from the power transmission state to the power failure state, a scheduled time (scheduled time when power failure ends) t2 when the power system 1 switches from the power failure state to the power transmission state, and the subsequent power failure It is a figure which shows the timing of the power failure start and the power failure end which were actually performed at the scheduled start time t3 and the scheduled power failure end time t4. FIG.4 (b) is a figure which shows the timing which the cogeneration apparatus 2 is switched with an operation state and a stop state. FIG. 4C is a graph showing a temporal change in the amount of heat stored in the heat storage device 7. Hereinafter, the operation of the control unit 4 in the case 3 will be described, but the description of the operation similar to the above cases 1 and 2 will be omitted.

  Regarding the scheduled start time t1 of the power failure illustrated in FIG. 4, the combined heat and power supply device 2 is in a stopped state before the scheduled power failure start time t1 of the power system 1. Therefore, the control means 4 is the timing before the scheduled time t1 of the start of the power failure of the power system 1 by the time required for the startup process (that is, the timing at which the startup process can be performed with the power supplied from the power system 1). It is determined based on the amount of heat stored in the heat storage device 7 whether the cogeneration device 2 is completely started or whether the cogeneration device 2 is stopped. In the present case 3, the control means 4 obtains information on the heat storage amount of the heat storage device 7 at a timing earlier than the scheduled start time t1 of the power failure by the time required for the startup process, and the heat storage amount is less than the set level. (That is, the heat storage device 7 has a room for further heat storage) and the power failure ends even if the cogeneration device 2 is continuously operated during the power failure between the scheduled power failure start time t1 and the scheduled power failure end time t2. It is determined that the amount of heat storage at the scheduled time t2 is not full, and it is determined that it is appropriate to continuously operate the combined heat and power supply device 2 during a power failure of the power system 1. And the control means 4 starts the starting process of the combined heat and power unit 2 in the stop state at a timing that is the time required for the starting process before the scheduled time t1 for starting the power failure, and before the scheduled time t1 for starting the power failure. The start-up process of the cogeneration apparatus 2 is completed.

  Next, with respect to the scheduled time t2 for power failure termination illustrated in FIG. 4, the control unit 4 determines whether to start the process of stopping the cogeneration device 2 in the operating state or to continue the operation of the cogeneration device 2. The determination is made based on the amount of heat stored in the heat storage device 7 at the scheduled time t2 when the power failure of the system 1 ends (that is, the timing at which the stop process can be performed with the power supplied from the power system 1). In this case 3, when the control means 4 reaches the scheduled time t2 when the power failure ends, the control means 4 obtains information on the heat storage amount of the heat storage device 7 at that time, and the heat storage amount is equal to or higher than the set level (that is, the heat storage device 7 It is determined that it is appropriate to stop the operation of the combined heat and power supply device 2. And the control means 4 starts the stop process of the combined heat and power supply apparatus 2 in the operation state at the scheduled time t2 when the power failure ends, and then completes the stop process of the combined heat and power supply apparatus 2.

  At the scheduled start time t3 and the scheduled end time t4 of the power failure illustrated in FIG. 4, the control unit 4 starts or stops the combined heat and power supply device 2 similarly to the above-described times t1 and t2, or the combined heat and power device. Whether to continue or stop the operation of 2 is determined based on the amount of heat stored in the heat storage device 7.

[Case 4]
FIG. 5 is a timing diagram for explaining the operation control of the combined heat and power supply device 2 performed in accordance with the scheduled time for the power system 1 to start and end the power failure. FIG. 5A shows a scheduled time (scheduled start time of power failure) t1 when the power system 1 switches from the power transmission state to the power failure state, a scheduled time (scheduled time when power failure ends) t2 when the power system 1 switches from the power failure state to the power transmission state, and the subsequent power failure It is a figure which shows the timing of the power failure start and the power failure end which were actually performed at the scheduled start time t3 and the scheduled power failure end time t4. FIG.5 (b) is a figure which shows the timing which the cogeneration apparatus 2 is switched with an operation state and a stop state. FIG. 5C is a graph showing a temporal change in the amount of heat stored in the heat storage device 7. In addition, what is shown with a broken line in FIG.5 (c) is the predicted value of the heat storage amount in the heat storage apparatus 7. FIG.
Hereinafter, the operation of the control unit 4 in the case 4 will be described, but the description of the operation similar to the above cases 1 to 3 will be omitted.

  Regarding the scheduled power failure start time t1 illustrated in FIG. 5, the combined heat and power supply device 2 is in a stopped state before the scheduled power failure start time t1 of the power system 1. Therefore, the control means 4 is the timing before the scheduled time t1 of the start of the power failure of the power system 1 by the time required for the startup process (that is, the timing at which the startup process can be performed with the power supplied from the power system 1). It is determined based on the amount of heat stored in the heat storage device 7 whether the cogeneration device 2 is completely started or whether the cogeneration device 2 is stopped. In this case 4, the control means 4 obtains the information of the heat storage amount of the heat storage device 7 at the timing before the start time of the power outage by the time required for the start-up process, and the heat storage amount is less than the set level. (That is, the heat storage device 7 has a room for further heat storage) and the power failure ends even if the cogeneration device 2 is continuously operated during the power failure between the scheduled power failure start time t1 and the scheduled power failure end time t2. It is determined that the amount of heat storage at the scheduled time t2 is not full, and it is determined that it is appropriate to continuously operate the combined heat and power supply device 2 during a power failure of the power system 1. And the control means 4 starts the starting process of the combined heat and power unit 2 in the stop state at a timing that is the time required for the starting process before the scheduled time t1 for starting the power failure, and before the scheduled time t1 for starting the power failure. The start-up process of the cogeneration apparatus 2 is completed.

  Next, regarding the scheduled time t2 for power failure termination illustrated in FIG. 5, the control unit 4 determines whether to start the process of stopping the cogeneration device 2 in the operating state or to continue the operation of the cogeneration device 2. The determination is made based on the amount of heat stored in the heat storage device 7 at the scheduled time t2 when the power failure of the system 1 ends (that is, the timing at which the stop process can be performed with the power supplied from the power system 1). In this case 4, when the control means 4 reaches the scheduled time t2 when the power failure ends, it obtains information on the heat storage amount of the heat storage device 7 at that time, and the heat storage amount is less than the set level (that is, the heat storage device 7). It is determined that it is appropriate to continuously operate the combined heat and power supply device 2 even after the power system 1 is restored. And the control means 4 continues the driving | operation of the combined heat and power supply apparatus 2 as it is.

  Next, with respect to the scheduled power failure start time t3 illustrated in FIG. 5, the control unit 4 determines that the timing before the scheduled power failure start time t3 of the power system 1 is the time required for the stop process (that is, the stop process is the power It is determined based on the amount of heat stored in the heat storage device 7 whether the combined heat and power supply device 2 is stopped or continued to operate at the timing that can be implemented with the power supplied from the grid 1). . In the present case 4, the control means 4 obtains information on the heat storage amount of the heat storage device 7 at a timing earlier than the scheduled time t3 of the power failure start by the time required for the stop process, and the heat storage amount is less than the set level. (I.e., there is room for further heat storage in the heat storage device 7), but if the cogeneration device 2 is continuously operated during the power failure between the scheduled power failure start time t3 and the scheduled power failure end time t4, the power failure is scheduled to end. It is determined that the predicted heat storage amount (indicated by a broken line in FIG. 5C) reaches a full state by time t4, and it is determined that it is appropriate to stop the combined heat and power supply device 2 before the start of the power failure of the power system 1. And the control means 4 starts the stop process of the combined heat and power unit 2 in the operating state at the timing before the stop process by the time required for the stop process before the scheduled time t3 of the power failure start, and before the scheduled time t3 of the power failure start. The stop process of the combined heat and power supply device 2 is completed.

  As described above, in the power generation system S of the present invention, when the scheduled time (timing) of the start of power outage and the end of power outage is known in advance, the power from the power system 1 is supplied while power is being supplied from the power system 1. Since the start process and the stop process of the combined heat and power supply device 2 can be reliably performed using the supplied power, the conventional system configuration including the power storage device is not necessary. Therefore, even if it is a case where the electric power grid | system 1 carries out a power failure, without making the electric power generation system S complicated and high-cost, the starting process and the stop process of the cogeneration apparatus 2 can be performed appropriately.

<Another embodiment>
<1>
In the above embodiment, the configuration of the power generation system may be changed as appropriate. For example, in the said embodiment, although the case where the heat / electric power supply apparatus 2 was used as an electric power generating apparatus was illustrated, another type of electric power generating apparatus may be used.

<2>
In the said embodiment, although the concrete control content by the control means 4 was demonstrated giving the examples 1-4, the said cases 1-4 were described for the purpose of illustration to the last, and the control content by the control means 4 is the above-mentioned. It is not limited to Examples 1-4.

<3>
In the said embodiment, although the information reception means 3 received the example which receives the scheduled time of the power failure start of the electric power system 1, and the scheduled time of the power failure completion before the power failure start of the electric power system 1, the information reception means 3 is described. The scheduled start time of the power system 1 and the scheduled end time of the power system 1 may be received at the same timing, or may be received at different timings. For example, the information receiving unit 3 may simultaneously receive information related to the scheduled power outage start time and the scheduled power outage end time of the power system 1 before the power outage start of the power system 1 or the information receiving unit 3 Alternatively, only the scheduled power outage start time may be received before the start of the power outage of the power system 1, and then only the scheduled end time of the power outage may be received before the end of the power outage of the power system 1.

<4>
In the above embodiment, as shown in FIGS. 2 to 5, heat storage to the heat storage device 7 is performed during any of the start-up process and the stop process of the co-generation device 2 in addition to the power generation of the co-generation device 2. Although the system has been described, whether or not to store heat in the heat storage device 7 during the start-up process and the stop process of the combined heat and power supply device 2 can be appropriately changed. For example, a system in which heat is stored in the heat storage device 7 only in any one of the startup process and the shutdown process of the combined heat and power supply device 2, or the thermal storage apparatus 7 in any of the startup process and the shutdown process. It is good also as a system where heat storage to is not performed.

<5>
In the above-described embodiment, the control mode 4 has been described as a control mode in which the control unit 4 minimizes the power generation output of the cogeneration apparatus 2 during the power failure of the power system 1, but the control unit 4 is a different control mode. Operation control of the combined heat and power supply device 2 may be performed. For example, the operation control by which the control unit 4 appropriately changes the power generation output of the cogeneration apparatus 2 so that the power generation output of the cogeneration apparatus 2 becomes equal to the power consumption value of the first power consumption apparatus 9A during a power failure of the power system 1. May be performed.

<6>
In the said embodiment, the control means 4 adds some margin time with respect to the time which the starting process of the cogeneration apparatus 2 requires, or the time which a stop process requires, and the allowance is more than the scheduled time of the power system 1 power failure start. You may perform operation control which completes the starting process or the stop process of the cogeneration apparatus 2 only by time.

  INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY The present invention can be used for a power generation system for appropriately performing a start-up process and a stop process of a power generation device even when a power system fails.

1 Power system 2 Combined heat and power supply (power generation device)
3 Information receiving means 4 Control means 5 Power conversion device 6 Switch 7 Heat storage device 8 Heat consumption device 9A First power consumption device (power consumption device 9)
9B Second power consuming device (power consuming device 9)
S power generation system

Claims (6)

It can be connected to the electric power system, is started through a starting process performed using the power supplied from the power system, and is stopped through a stopping process performed using the power supplied from the power system. With power generator completed,
Information receiving means for receiving information input from the outside;
Control means for controlling the operation of the power generator,
The control means, based on the power failure information that can identify the power failure start timing of the power system received by the information acceptance means before the power failure start of the power system, before the power failure start timing A power generation system that controls the operation of the power generation device so as to complete the start-up process or the stop process. The power generation device is a cogeneration device that generates heat and electricity together,
The power generation system according to claim 1, further comprising a heat storage device that stores heat generated by the cogeneration device and that can supply the stored heat to a heat consuming device. The information accepting means accepts the power outage information that can identify the timing of the power outage start and the power outage end before the power outage start of the power system,
The control means includes
Assuming that the power generation device continues to operate during a power failure between the timing of the power failure start and the timing of the power failure end, if the heat stored in the heat storage device is predicted to be full during the power failure,
Completing the stopping step of the power generating device that is in operation before the timing of the start of the power outage, and maintaining the power generating device that is in operation stopped in a stopped state until the end of the power outage of the power system The power generation system according to claim 2 which controls operation of said power generator. The information accepting means accepts the power outage information that can identify the timing of the power outage start and the power outage end before the power outage start of the power system,
The control means includes
Assuming that the power generation device continues to operate during a power failure between the power failure start timing and the power failure end timing, when it is predicted that the heat stored in the heat storage device will not be full during the power failure,
Completing the start-up process of the power generation device that is in operation before the start of the power failure, and maintaining the power generation device that is in operation in an operating state until the power failure of the power system ends The power generation system according to claim 2, wherein the operation of the power generation device is controlled. Comprising a power consuming device capable of consuming the power generated by the power generator during a power outage of the power system;
The control means controls the operation of the power generation device and the power consumption device so that when the power generation device is operated during a power failure of the power system, the power consumption of the power generation device is consumed by the power consumption device. Item 5. The power generation system according to any one of Items 1 to 4.   The power generation system according to claim 5, wherein the control unit operates the power generation device in a state where the power generation output is minimized during a power failure of the power system.

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