JP2012233768A - Retention mechanism of ball for measuring geometrical error - Google Patents

Retention mechanism of ball for measuring geometrical error Download PDF

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JP2012233768A
JP2012233768A JP2011101825A JP2011101825A JP2012233768A JP 2012233768 A JP2012233768 A JP 2012233768A JP 2011101825 A JP2011101825 A JP 2011101825A JP 2011101825 A JP2011101825 A JP 2011101825A JP 2012233768 A JP2012233768 A JP 2012233768A
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centering bar
hole
measuring
ball
tool holder
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JP5755017B2 (en
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Masataka Hasegawa
雅高 長谷川
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Okuma Corp
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Okuma Corp
Okuma Machinery Works Ltd
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Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a retention mechanism of measurement ball for enabling measurement with high accuracy in short time upon measuring a geometrical error of a machine tool using a ball bar for evaluating geometrical errors.SOLUTION: A centering bar 21 includes a spherical part 23 provided at a proximal end of a shaft part 22 and inserted into a hole 10. A centering bar holding member 11 is inserted through a distal end of a tool holder 5. In this state, a lid member 12 is engaged with the distal end of the tool holder 5 such that the centering bar 21 is held in the hole 10 to maintain a center of the spherical part 23 at a certain position.

Description

本発明は、工作機械の幾何学的な誤差を測定(同定)する際に利用する測定用球の保持機構に関するものである。   The present invention relates to a holding mechanism for a measuring ball used when measuring (identifying) a geometric error of a machine tool.

工作機械として、能率の高い加工や複雑な形状のワークの加工を行う目的で従来の3軸マシニングセンタに回転軸や旋回軸を付加した5軸マシニングセンタ等の多軸工作機械が知られており、そのような多軸工作機械における加工精度の向上が望まれている。多軸工作機械においては、一般的に、軸数が増えると、組み付けの精度が悪化し、加工精度が悪くなる傾向にあるが、組み付けの精度の向上には限界があるため、隣り合う軸間の傾きや位置誤差といった幾何誤差を計測し、その幾何誤差を補正することによって加工精度を向上させる必要がある。   As machine tools, multi-axis machine tools such as a 5-axis machining center in which a rotary axis and a turning axis are added to a conventional 3-axis machining center for the purpose of performing highly efficient machining and workpieces with complicated shapes are known. Improvement of machining accuracy in such a multi-axis machine tool is desired. In multi-axis machine tools, as the number of axes increases, the assembly accuracy tends to deteriorate and the machining accuracy tends to deteriorate. However, there is a limit to the improvement in assembly accuracy, so there is a limit between adjacent axes. It is necessary to improve the machining accuracy by measuring a geometric error such as a tilt or a position error and correcting the geometric error.

そして、このような補正システムにおける幾何誤差の測定(同定)方法として、主軸に工具ホルダを介して球を取り付け、テーブル上に設置した球またはタッチプローブとの接触位置を複数の位置で測定することにより、このような幾何誤差を求め、補正することが行われている。   As a method for measuring (identifying) geometric errors in such a correction system, a sphere is attached to the spindle via a tool holder, and contact positions with a sphere or touch probe placed on a table are measured at a plurality of positions. Thus, such a geometric error is obtained and corrected.

このような方法で幾何誤差を測定する際には、主軸の先端に装着した工具ホルダ(コレットホルダ等)に、ボールバーのソケットを取り付けてボールバーを保持させる必要がある。   When measuring a geometric error by such a method, it is necessary to attach a ball bar socket to a tool holder (such as a collet holder) attached to the tip of the spindle to hold the ball bar.

特開2004−219132号公報JP 2004-219132 A

上記した幾何誤差の測定方法においては、主軸に取り付けられる測定用球の球心が工作機械の主軸の回転中心と一致するように、工具ホルダに対する測定用球の球心を工作機械の主軸に装着させる必要があるが、そのように測定用球を主軸に装着させるのは、非常に困難で、手間がかかる。また、主軸側の測定用球の球心が工作機械の主軸の回転中心と一致していない状態で幾何誤差を測定すると、正確な測定値が得られず、却って、工作機械の加工精度を低下させてしまう結果となる。   In the above-described geometric error measuring method, the measuring ball sphere center with respect to the tool holder is mounted on the machine tool spindle so that the center of the measuring sphere mounted on the spindle matches the rotation center of the machine tool spindle. However, it is very difficult and time-consuming to mount the measuring ball on the main shaft. In addition, if the geometric error is measured when the center of the measuring sphere on the spindle side does not coincide with the center of rotation of the machine tool spindle, accurate measurement values cannot be obtained. Result.

本発明の目的は、上記従来の幾何誤差の測定方法における問題点を解消し、ボールバーを利用して幾何誤差を測定する際に、短時間で精度良い測定を可能とする測定用球の保持機構を提供することにある。   An object of the present invention is to hold a measuring sphere that eliminates the problems in the above-described conventional geometric error measuring method and enables accurate measurement in a short time when measuring a geometric error using a ball bar. To provide a mechanism.

本発明の内、請求項1に記載された発明は、基端から先端に向かって孔を有する工具ホルダを主軸の先端に付設してなる工作機械の幾何学的な誤差を評価するための測定用球を前記孔に保持させるための保持機構であって、先端に前記測定用球を保持する芯出しバーを、軸部分の基端に軸部分より大径の球状部分を設けた形状とし、その芯出しバーの球状部分を、前記孔に挿入させた状態で、前記孔の先端側から前記芯出しバーの保持部材を挿入し、その芯出しバー保持部材によって、芯出しバーの球状部分の球心が一定な位置に保たれるように、芯出しバーの球状部分を保持させたことを特徴とするものである。   Among the present inventions, the invention described in claim 1 is a measurement for evaluating a geometric error of a machine tool in which a tool holder having a hole from the proximal end toward the distal end is attached to the distal end of the spindle. A holding mechanism for holding a ball for holding in the hole, a centering bar for holding the measurement ball at the tip, and a shape in which a spherical portion having a larger diameter than the shaft portion is provided at the base end of the shaft portion; With the spherical portion of the centering bar inserted into the hole, the holding member for the centering bar is inserted from the tip end side of the hole, and the spherical portion of the centering bar is inserted by the centering bar holding member. The spherical portion of the centering bar is held so that the ball center is maintained at a fixed position.

請求項2に記載された発明は、請求項1に記載された発明において、前記芯出しバー保持部材が、筒状に形成されており、先端に前記球状部分の径と同一の曲率半径を有する凹状部分を形成したものであることを特徴とするものである。   The invention described in claim 2 is the invention described in claim 1, wherein the centering bar holding member is formed in a cylindrical shape and has a radius of curvature equal to the diameter of the spherical portion at the tip. A concave portion is formed.

請求項1に記載の測定用球の保持機構によれば、芯出しバーの基端の球状部分の中心を基点として軸部分の姿勢を調整することにより、芯出しバーの軸部分の先端に取り付けた測定用球(プローブ)の中心と主軸の回転中心とを、簡単に一致させることができる。したがって、請求項1に記載の測定用球の保持機構によれば、短時間で精度良く幾何誤差を測定することが可能となる。   According to the holding mechanism for the measuring sphere according to claim 1, it is attached to the tip of the shaft portion of the centering bar by adjusting the posture of the shaft portion with the center of the spherical portion at the base end of the centering bar as the base point. Further, the center of the measuring sphere (probe) can be easily matched with the center of rotation of the main shaft. Therefore, according to the measuring sphere holding mechanism of the first aspect, it is possible to measure the geometric error with high accuracy in a short time.

請求項2に記載の測定用球の保持機構によれば、芯出しバーの基端の球状部分を、芯出しバー保持部材の凹状部分に押し付けて固定することにより、芯出しバーを、非常に容易に、軸部分の先端の測定用球の中心と主軸の回転中心とを一致させた状態で保持することができる。   According to the holding mechanism for the measuring sphere according to claim 2, the spherical portion at the base end of the centering bar is pressed against the concave portion of the centering bar holding member to fix the centering bar, The center of the measuring sphere at the tip of the shaft portion can be easily held in a state where the center of rotation of the main shaft is aligned.

工作機械の主軸に工具ホルダを装着した状態を示す説明図(断面図)である。It is explanatory drawing (sectional drawing) which shows the state which attached the tool holder to the main axis | shaft of a machine tool. 工具ホルダに芯出しバーを取り付けた状態を示す説明図(断面図)である。It is explanatory drawing (sectional drawing) which shows the state which attached the centering bar to the tool holder. 芯出しバー保持部材の斜視説明図である。It is a perspective explanatory view of a centering bar holding member. 蓋部材の斜視説明図である。It is a perspective explanatory view of a lid member.

以下、本発明に係る測定用球の保持機構の一実施形態について、図面に基づいて詳細に説明する。   Hereinafter, an embodiment of a measuring ball holding mechanism according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.

<測定用球の保持機構>
図1は、多軸工作機械の主軸の前側の部分を示したものであり、主軸(旋回軸)1は、複数の軸受2によって、ハウジング3に回転自在に支持されている。主軸1の前端面には、テーパ孔4が円錐状に形成されており、工具ホルダ5の基端が、当該テーパ孔4内に挿入されている。また、主軸1内には、ドローバー8が、軸線方向に沿って移動可能に配置されており、そのドローバー8の前端には、把持装置9が設けられている。そして、工具ホルダ5のテーパシャンク6の後端のプルスタッド7が、把持装置9によって把持されることにより、工具ホルダ5が、主軸1の前端に着脱自在に取り付けられた状態になっている。
<Measuring mechanism for measuring ball>
FIG. 1 shows a front portion of a main shaft of a multi-axis machine tool. A main shaft (swivel shaft) 1 is rotatably supported by a housing 3 by a plurality of bearings 2. A tapered hole 4 is formed in a conical shape on the front end surface of the main shaft 1, and a proximal end of the tool holder 5 is inserted into the tapered hole 4. A draw bar 8 is disposed in the main shaft 1 so as to be movable along the axial direction, and a gripping device 9 is provided at the front end of the draw bar 8. The pull stud 7 at the rear end of the taper shank 6 of the tool holder 5 is gripped by the gripping device 9 so that the tool holder 5 is detachably attached to the front end of the spindle 1.

工具ホルダ5には、各種の工具を装着するための孔10が、前後方向に主軸1と同軸になるように形成されている。孔10の内周面は、後方から前方に向かって拡径された円錐状になっており、主軸1の軸方向に対して、所定の角度(6〜8°)だけ傾斜した状態になっている。加えて、工具ホルダ5の先端の外面には、後述する蓋部材12を螺着させるためのネジ溝(図示せず)が刻設されている。   A hole 10 for mounting various tools is formed in the tool holder 5 so as to be coaxial with the main shaft 1 in the front-rear direction. The inner peripheral surface of the hole 10 has a conical shape whose diameter is increased from the rear to the front, and is inclined by a predetermined angle (6 to 8 °) with respect to the axial direction of the main shaft 1. Yes. In addition, a screw groove (not shown) for screwing a lid member 12 described later is formed on the outer surface of the tip of the tool holder 5.

また、図2は、上記した工具ホルダ5に、芯出しバー21が取り付けられた状態を示す説明図である。工具ホルダ5においては、芯出しバー21が、芯出しバー保持部材11および蓋部材12によって、孔10内に保持された状態になっている。   FIG. 2 is an explanatory view showing a state in which the centering bar 21 is attached to the tool holder 5 described above. In the tool holder 5, the centering bar 21 is held in the hole 10 by the centering bar holding member 11 and the lid member 12.

芯出しバー21は、長尺な円柱状に形成された軸部分(バー)22、当該軸部分22の基端に設けられた軸部分22より大径な球状部分23、軸部分22の先端に測定用球24を固定するソケット25を取り付け可能な機構によって構成されている。かかる芯出しバー21は、球状部分23の球心が一定の位置に保たれるように、球状部分23を孔10に挿入させた状態になっている。   The centering bar 21 includes a shaft portion (bar) 22 formed in a long cylindrical shape, a spherical portion 23 having a larger diameter than the shaft portion 22 provided at the base end of the shaft portion 22, and a tip of the shaft portion 22. It is configured by a mechanism to which a socket 25 for fixing the measurement ball 24 can be attached. The centering bar 21 is in a state where the spherical portion 23 is inserted into the hole 10 so that the spherical center of the spherical portion 23 is maintained at a fixed position.

また、図3は、芯出しバー保持部材11を示したものであり、芯出しバー保持部材11は、芯出しバー21の軸部分22より大きな内径を有する扁平な筒状に形成されており、当該筒状部分16の先端には、凹状部分13が形成されている。当該凹状部分13は、芯出しバー21の球状部分23の径と同一の曲率半径を有する球面状に形成されている。また、筒状部分16の先端の外面は、工具ホルダ5の孔10の内周面と接合しないようなテーパ面15となっている。一方、筒状部分16の基端には、筒状部分16より大径となるようにドーナッツ状のフランジ14が形成されている。   FIG. 3 shows the centering bar holding member 11. The centering bar holding member 11 is formed in a flat cylindrical shape having an inner diameter larger than the shaft portion 22 of the centering bar 21. A concave portion 13 is formed at the tip of the cylindrical portion 16. The concave portion 13 is formed in a spherical shape having the same radius of curvature as the diameter of the spherical portion 23 of the centering bar 21. The outer surface at the tip of the cylindrical portion 16 is a tapered surface 15 that does not join the inner peripheral surface of the hole 10 of the tool holder 5. On the other hand, a donut-shaped flange 14 is formed at the base end of the cylindrical portion 16 so as to have a larger diameter than the cylindrical portion 16.

そして、上記した芯出しバー保持部材11は、筒状部分16に芯出しバー21の軸部分22を挿通させた状態で、工具ホルダ5の先端側から孔10に挿入されている。   The centering bar holding member 11 described above is inserted into the hole 10 from the front end side of the tool holder 5 in a state where the shaft portion 22 of the centering bar 21 is inserted through the cylindrical portion 16.

さらに、図4は、蓋部材12を示したものであり、蓋部材12は、工具ホルダ5の先端の外径と略同一の内径(あるいはごくわずかに大きい内径)を有する扁平な筒状に形成されており、当該筒状部分31の先端に、内向きに突出するように扁平なドーナッツ状のフランジ32が形成されている。当該フランジ32の内径は、芯出しバー保持部材11のフランジ14の外径よりも小さく、かつ、芯出しバー21の軸部分22の外径よりも大きくなるように設計されている。加えて、筒状部分31の先端の内面には、工具ホルダ5の先端に螺着させるためのネジ溝(図示せず)が刻設されている。   Further, FIG. 4 shows the lid member 12, and the lid member 12 is formed in a flat cylindrical shape having an inner diameter (or an extremely slightly larger inner diameter) substantially the same as the outer diameter of the tip of the tool holder 5. A flat donut-shaped flange 32 is formed at the tip of the cylindrical portion 31 so as to protrude inward. The inner diameter of the flange 32 is designed to be smaller than the outer diameter of the flange 14 of the centering bar holding member 11 and larger than the outer diameter of the shaft portion 22 of the centering bar 21. In addition, a thread groove (not shown) for screwing onto the tip of the tool holder 5 is formed on the inner surface of the tip of the cylindrical portion 31.

そして、蓋部材12は、芯出しバー21の軸部分22を挿通させた状態で、筒状部分31が工具ホルダ5の先端に外嵌(螺着)されており、孔10に挿入された芯出しバー21の球状部分23、および、芯出しバー保持部材11を工具ホルダ5の孔10内に保持した状態になっている。   The lid member 12 has the cylindrical portion 31 fitted (screwed) to the tip of the tool holder 5 in a state where the shaft portion 22 of the centering bar 21 is inserted, and the core member 31 is inserted into the hole 10. The spherical portion 23 of the output bar 21 and the centering bar holding member 11 are held in the hole 10 of the tool holder 5.

<測定用球の保持機構による効果>
上記した測定用球の保持機構は、芯出しバー21を、軸部分22の基端に球状部分23を設けた形状とし、その芯出しバー21の球状部分23を、孔10に挿入させた状態で、孔10の先端側から芯出しバー保持部材11を挿入し、その芯出しバー保持部材11によって、芯出しバー21の球状部分23の球心が一定の位置(工具ホルダ5に対する一定の相対位置)に保たれるように、芯出しバー21の球状部分23を保持させたものである。それゆえ、上記した保持機構によれば、芯出しバー21の基端の球状部分23の中心を基点として軸部分22の姿勢を調整することにより、芯出しバー21の軸部分22の先端に取り付けた測定用球(プローブ)24の中心と主軸1の回転中心とを、簡単に一致させることができる。それゆえ、上記した保持機構によれば、短時間で精度良く幾何誤差を測定することが可能となる。
<Effects of measuring ball holding mechanism>
In the measuring ball holding mechanism described above, the centering bar 21 has a shape in which the spherical portion 23 is provided at the proximal end of the shaft portion 22, and the spherical portion 23 of the centering bar 21 is inserted into the hole 10. Then, the centering bar holding member 11 is inserted from the front end side of the hole 10, and the centering bar holding member 11 causes the spherical center of the spherical portion 23 of the centering bar 21 to be at a constant position (a constant relative to the tool holder 5). The spherical portion 23 of the centering bar 21 is held so as to be maintained at the position). Therefore, according to the holding mechanism described above, the orientation of the shaft portion 22 is adjusted with the center of the spherical portion 23 at the base end of the centering bar 21 as a base point, thereby being attached to the tip of the shaft portion 22 of the centering bar 21. The center of the measuring sphere (probe) 24 and the center of rotation of the main shaft 1 can be easily matched. Therefore, according to the holding mechanism described above, the geometric error can be measured with high accuracy in a short time.

また、上記した芯出しバー21の保持機構は、芯出しバー保持部材11が、筒状に形成されており、先端に球状部分23の径と同一の曲率半径を有する凹状部分13を形成したものであるので、当該凹状部分13に芯出しバー21の基端の球状部分23を押し付けて固定することにより、芯出しバー21を、非常に容易に、軸部分22の先端の測定用球24の中心と主軸の回転中心とを一致させた状態で保持することができる。   Further, in the holding mechanism of the centering bar 21 described above, the centering bar holding member 11 is formed in a cylindrical shape, and a concave portion 13 having the same radius of curvature as the diameter of the spherical portion 23 is formed at the tip. Therefore, by pressing and fixing the spherical portion 23 at the proximal end of the centering bar 21 to the concave portion 13, the centering bar 21 can be very easily attached to the measuring ball 24 at the distal end of the shaft portion 22. The center and the center of rotation of the main shaft can be held in a matched state.

<測定用球の保持機構の変更例>
本発明に係る測定用球の保持機構は、上記実施形態の態様に何ら限定されるものではなく、本発明の趣旨を逸脱しない範囲内で、必要に応じて適宜変更することができる。たとえば、保持機構は、芯出しバー保持部材(測定用球の保持部材)を蓋部材によって工具ホルダの孔内に保持するものに限定されず、芯出しバー保持部材をネジによって工具ホルダの孔内に螺着して保持するもの等に変更することも可能である。また、工具ホルダ、主軸の形状や工具ホルダの主軸へのクランプ方法は、図1に示すものに限定されず、市販または規格化されている種々の主軸装置において採用されている工具ホルダ、主軸の形状やクランプ方法を適用することが可能である。さらに、芯出しバーの保持方法についても、球状部分を工具ホルダのテーパ面と線接触させるものに限定されず、球状部分と略同一の凹状形状内に球状部分を保持するものとすることも可能である。
<Example of change of measuring ball holding mechanism>
The holding mechanism for the measuring sphere according to the present invention is not limited to the aspect of the embodiment described above, and can be appropriately changed as necessary without departing from the gist of the present invention. For example, the holding mechanism is not limited to the one that holds the centering bar holding member (holding member for the measuring sphere) in the hole of the tool holder by the lid member, and the centering bar holding member is held in the hole of the tool holder by the screw. It is also possible to change it to one that is screwed onto and held. Further, the shape of the tool holder and the spindle and the clamping method of the tool holder to the spindle are not limited to those shown in FIG. 1, and the tool holder and spindle used in various commercially available or standardized spindle apparatuses are not limited. Shapes and clamping methods can be applied. Further, the method of holding the centering bar is not limited to the method in which the spherical portion is brought into line contact with the tapered surface of the tool holder, and the spherical portion can be held in a concave shape substantially the same as the spherical portion. It is.

本発明に係る測定用球の保持機構は、上記の如く優れた効果を奏するものであるから、各種の多軸工作機械において幾何誤差を測定する際に用いる測定用球を保持する機構として、好適に利用することができる。   Since the measuring ball holding mechanism according to the present invention has excellent effects as described above, it is suitable as a mechanism for holding the measuring ball used when measuring geometric errors in various multi-axis machine tools. Can be used.

1・・主軸
5・・工具ホルダ
10・・孔
11・・芯出しバー保持装置
12・・蓋部材
13・・凹状部分
21・・芯出しバー
22・・軸部分
23・・球状部分
24・・測定用球
25・・測定用球固定ソケット
1 .. Main shaft 5 .. Tool holder 10 .. Hole 11 .. Centering bar holding device 12 .. Lid member 13 .. Recessed part 21 .. Centering bar 22 .. Shaft part 23 .. Spherical part 24. Measuring ball 25 .. Measuring ball fixing socket

Claims (2)

基端から先端に向かって孔を有する工具ホルダを主軸の先端に付設してなる工作機械の幾何学的な誤差を評価するための測定用球を前記孔に保持させるための保持機構であって、
先端に前記測定用球を保持する芯出しバーを、軸部分の基端に軸部分より大径の球状部分を設けた形状とし、
その芯出しバーの球状部分を、前記孔に挿入させた状態で、
前記孔の先端側から前記芯出しバーの保持部材を挿入し、その芯出しバー保持部材によって、芯出しバーの球状部分の球心が一定な位置に保たれるように、芯出しバーの球状部分を保持させたことを特徴とする測定用球の保持機構。
A holding mechanism for holding a measuring ball in the hole for evaluating a geometric error of a machine tool in which a tool holder having a hole from the proximal end toward the distal end is attached to the distal end of the spindle. ,
A centering bar that holds the measurement sphere at the tip, and a shape in which a spherical portion having a larger diameter than the shaft portion is provided at the base end of the shaft portion,
With the spherical portion of the centering bar inserted into the hole,
The centering bar holding member is inserted from the front end side of the hole, and the centering bar holding member keeps the spherical center of the centering bar spherical at a fixed position. A holding mechanism for a measuring sphere, wherein the part is held.
前記芯出しバー保持部材が、筒状に形成されており、先端に前記球状部分の径と同一の曲率半径を有する凹状部分を形成したものであることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の測定用球の保持機構。   2. The measurement according to claim 1, wherein the centering bar holding member is formed in a cylindrical shape, and a concave portion having the same radius of curvature as the diameter of the spherical portion is formed at a tip. Ball holding mechanism.
JP2011101825A 2011-04-28 2011-04-28 Sphere holding mechanism for geometric error measurement Expired - Fee Related JP5755017B2 (en)

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CN109029323A (en) * 2018-09-14 2018-12-18 佛山市天目工业测量科技有限公司 A kind of accurate club with thermal distortion compensation mechanism

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JPH05107003A (en) * 1991-04-12 1993-04-27 Renishaw Transducer Syst Ltd Calibration device for coordinate positioning machine and magnet type socket
JPH08511628A (en) * 1994-03-29 1996-12-03 レニショウ パブリック リミテッド カンパニー Telescopic transducer mounting device
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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN109029323A (en) * 2018-09-14 2018-12-18 佛山市天目工业测量科技有限公司 A kind of accurate club with thermal distortion compensation mechanism
CN109029323B (en) * 2018-09-14 2022-10-04 佛山市天目工业测量科技有限公司 Precision ball rod with thermal deformation compensation mechanism

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