JP2012221850A - Molten salt battery - Google Patents

Molten salt battery Download PDF

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JP2012221850A
JP2012221850A JP2011088538A JP2011088538A JP2012221850A JP 2012221850 A JP2012221850 A JP 2012221850A JP 2011088538 A JP2011088538 A JP 2011088538A JP 2011088538 A JP2011088538 A JP 2011088538A JP 2012221850 A JP2012221850 A JP 2012221850A
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molten salt
battery
negative electrode
electrode
positive electrode
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Atsushi Fukunaga
篤史 福永
Shinji Inazawa
信二 稲澤
Koji Nitta
耕司 新田
Shoichiro Sakai
将一郎 酒井
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Sumitomo Electric Industries Ltd
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

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Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a molten salt battery which allows for simplification of the inner structure and the manufacturing process while promoting space saving.SOLUTION: In the molten salt battery, a plurality of sheet-like positive electrodes 1 and negative electrodes 2 are stacked alternately while sandwiching a separator 3, and housed in a battery container (container) 51 made of a conductive material. At both end positions of the plurality of positive electrodes 1 and negative electrodes 2 thus stacked, the negative electrodes 2 are arranged in contact with the inner wall of the battery container 51. The positive electrodes 1 are connected with a lid 52 insulated from the battery container 51. Consequently, the lid 52 serves as a positive electrode terminal and the battery container 51 serves as the negative electrode terminal. Since an inner structure and both electrode terminals for insulation are not required, the structure of a molten salt battery is simplified and the manufacturing process thereof is also simplified.

Description

本発明は、電解質として溶融塩を用いた溶融塩電池に関する。   The present invention relates to a molten salt battery using a molten salt as an electrolyte.

電力の効率的な利用のために、高エネルギー密度・高効率の蓄電池が必要とされている。このような蓄電池として、特許文献１に開示されたナトリウム−硫黄電池が開発されている。他の高エネルギー密度・高効率の蓄電池として、溶融塩電池がある。   For efficient use of electric power, a storage battery with high energy density and high efficiency is required. As such a storage battery, a sodium-sulfur battery disclosed in Patent Document 1 has been developed. Another high energy density and high efficiency storage battery is a molten salt battery.

特開２００７−２７３２９７号公報JP 2007-273297 A

溶融塩電池は、電解質に溶融塩を用いた電池であり、溶融塩が溶融した状態で動作する。溶融塩電池の正極及び負極は、シート状に形成した導電体製の集電体上に活物質を塗布して構成されている。シート状の正極及び負極は、絶縁材製のセパレータを間に挟んで重ねられ、電池容器内に収納されている。電解質である溶融塩は、正極、負極及びセパレータに含有されている。正極及び負極と電池容器とは絶縁されており、電池容器の外側に設けられた両極端子の夫々に正極及び負極が接続されている。溶融塩電池の容量を向上させるためには、正極及び負極を多重に重ねることが考えられ、また複数の溶融塩電池を直列又は並列に接続して使用することが考えられる。正極及び負極を多重に重ねた溶融塩電池の場合、構造が複雑になりやすいので、構造の簡素化及び製造工程の簡略化が求められる。また複数の溶融塩電池を接続して使用する場合は、端子のためのスペースを確保する必要があり、省スペース化に限界があるという問題がある。   The molten salt battery is a battery using a molten salt as an electrolyte, and operates in a state where the molten salt is melted. The positive electrode and the negative electrode of the molten salt battery are configured by applying an active material on a current collector made of a conductor formed in a sheet shape. The sheet-like positive electrode and negative electrode are stacked with a separator made of an insulating material in between, and are housed in a battery container. The molten salt that is an electrolyte is contained in the positive electrode, the negative electrode, and the separator. The positive electrode and the negative electrode are insulated from the battery container, and the positive electrode and the negative electrode are connected to each of the bipolar terminals provided outside the battery container. In order to improve the capacity of the molten salt battery, it is conceivable to multiply the positive electrode and the negative electrode in multiple layers, and it is conceivable to use a plurality of molten salt batteries connected in series or in parallel. In the case of a molten salt battery in which a positive electrode and a negative electrode are stacked in multiple layers, the structure is likely to be complicated. Further, when a plurality of molten salt batteries are connected and used, it is necessary to secure a space for the terminals, and there is a problem that space saving is limited.

本発明は、斯かる事情に鑑みてなされたものであって、その目的とするところは、端子の役割を容器で代用することにより、内部構造の簡素化及び製造工程の簡略化を可能とし、省スペース化を促進することができる溶融塩電池を提供することにある。   The present invention has been made in view of such circumstances, the purpose of which is to enable the simplification of the internal structure and the manufacturing process by substituting the role of the terminal with the container, An object of the present invention is to provide a molten salt battery that can promote space saving.

本発明に係る溶融塩電池は、シート状の正極及び負極を導電性の容器内に収納してあり、電解質として溶融塩を用いた溶融塩電池であって、間にセパレータを挟んで複数の正極及び負極を交互に重ね、正極及び負極の内の一方の電極を両端に配置してあり、両端に配置した前記一方の電極を直接に又は導電体を介して前記容器の内面に接続してあることを特徴とする。   A molten salt battery according to the present invention is a molten salt battery in which a sheet-like positive electrode and a negative electrode are housed in a conductive container and uses a molten salt as an electrolyte, and a plurality of positive electrodes with a separator interposed therebetween. And one electrode of the positive electrode and the negative electrode are arranged at both ends, and the one electrode arranged at both ends is connected to the inner surface of the container directly or via a conductor. It is characterized by that.

本発明においては、溶融塩電池は、複数のシート状の正極及び負極を間にセパレータを挟んで交互に重ね、導電材製の容器内に収納してある。重ねられた複数の正極及び負極の両端の位置には、正極及び負極の内の一方の電極が共に配置されており、この一方の電極は溶融塩電池の容器の内壁に接続されている。このため、容器は溶融塩電池の一方の電極端子として働く。   In the present invention, in the molten salt battery, a plurality of sheet-like positive electrodes and negative electrodes are alternately stacked with a separator in between, and stored in a container made of a conductive material. One electrode of the positive electrode and the negative electrode is disposed at both ends of the plurality of stacked positive electrodes and negative electrodes, and the one electrode is connected to the inner wall of the container of the molten salt battery. For this reason, the container serves as one electrode terminal of the molten salt battery.

本発明に係る溶融塩電池は、シート状の正極及び負極を導電性の容器内に収納してあり、電解質として溶融塩を用いた溶融塩電池であって、間にセパレータを挟んだ正極及び負極を多重に巻回し、正極及び負極の内の一方の電極を最外層に配置してあり、前記一方の電極を直接に又は導電体を介して前記容器に接続してあることを特徴とする。   A molten salt battery according to the present invention is a molten salt battery in which a sheet-like positive electrode and a negative electrode are housed in a conductive container and uses a molten salt as an electrolyte, and a positive electrode and a negative electrode with a separator interposed therebetween. Is wound in multiple layers, and one of the positive electrode and the negative electrode is disposed in the outermost layer, and the one electrode is connected to the container directly or via a conductor.

また本発明においては、溶融塩電池は、シート状の正極及び負極を間にセパレータを挟んで多重に巻回し、導電材製の容器内に収納してある。巻回された正極、負極及びセパレータの最外層には、正極及び負極の内の一方の電極が配置されており、この一方の電極は溶融塩電池の容器の内壁に接続されている。このため、容器は溶融塩電池の一方の電極端子として働く。   In the present invention, the molten salt battery is wound in multiple layers with a sheet-like positive electrode and negative electrode sandwiched between separators and accommodated in a container made of a conductive material. One electrode of the positive electrode and the negative electrode is disposed on the outermost layer of the wound positive electrode, negative electrode, and separator, and this one electrode is connected to the inner wall of the container of the molten salt battery. For this reason, the container serves as one electrode terminal of the molten salt battery.

本発明に係る溶融塩電池は、前記容器には開口部が形成されてあり、該開口部には、前記容器と絶縁した一部又は全部が導電性の蓋が装着されてあり、正極及び負極の内の他方の電極を前記蓋に接続してあることを特徴とする。   In the molten salt battery according to the present invention, an opening is formed in the container, and a part or all of the opening insulated from the container is attached to the opening, and the positive electrode and the negative electrode The other electrode is connected to the lid.

また本発明においては、正極及び負極の内の他方の電極は、容器と絶縁した導電材製の蓋に接続されている。このため、蓋は溶融塩電池の他方の電極端子として働く。   In the present invention, the other of the positive electrode and the negative electrode is connected to a cover made of a conductive material that is insulated from the container. For this reason, a lid | cover functions as the other electrode terminal of a molten salt battery.

本発明に係る溶融塩電池は、前記一方の電極は負極であることを特徴とする。   The molten salt battery according to the present invention is characterized in that the one electrode is a negative electrode.

また本発明においては、容器の内壁に接続されている電極は負極である。正極を両側から負極で挟むことにより、正極にかかる電位が均一となり、電位が不均一となることに起因する部分的な過放電及び過充電の発生が防止される。   In the present invention, the electrode connected to the inner wall of the container is a negative electrode. By sandwiching the positive electrode from both sides with the negative electrode, the potential applied to the positive electrode becomes uniform, and partial overdischarge and overcharge due to non-uniform potential are prevented.

本発明にあっては、電極を容器から絶縁させるための構造及び両極端子が不必要であるので、溶融塩電池の構造が簡素化され、また溶融塩電池の製造工程が簡略化される。また絶縁のための構造及び両極端子が不必要である分、溶融塩電池の容量が向上する。更に、複数の溶融塩電池を接続して使用する場合においても、端子のためのスペースを確保する必要が無く、省スペース化を促進することが可能となる等、本発明は優れた効果を奏する。   In the present invention, since the structure for insulating the electrode from the container and the bipolar terminal are unnecessary, the structure of the molten salt battery is simplified, and the manufacturing process of the molten salt battery is simplified. In addition, the capacity of the molten salt battery is improved because the structure for insulation and the bipolar terminal are unnecessary. Furthermore, even when a plurality of molten salt batteries are connected and used, it is not necessary to secure a space for the terminals, and the present invention has an excellent effect such as saving space. .

実施の形態１に係る溶融塩電池の構成例を示す模式的分解斜視図である。1 is a schematic exploded perspective view showing a configuration example of a molten salt battery according to Embodiment 1. FIG. 実施の形態１に係る溶融塩電池の内部構成例を示す模式的断面図である。2 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an example of the internal configuration of a molten salt battery according to Embodiment 1. FIG. 実施の形態２に係る溶融塩電池の内部構成例を示す模式的断面図である。6 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an example of the internal configuration of a molten salt battery according to Embodiment 2. FIG. 実施の形態３に係る溶融塩電池の内部構成例を示す模式的断面図である。6 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an example of the internal configuration of a molten salt battery according to Embodiment 3. FIG.

以下本発明をその実施の形態を示す図面に基づき具体的に説明する。
（実施の形態１）
図１は、実施の形態１に係る溶融塩電池の構成例を示す模式的分解斜視図であり、図２は、実施の形態１に係る溶融塩電池の内部構成例を示す模式的断面図である。図２には、溶融塩電池を縦に切断した模式的断面図を示している。上面が開口した直方体の箱状の電池容器（容器）５１内に、矩形板状に形成された複数の正極１及び負極２が交互に重ねて配置され、夫々の正極１と負極２との間にはシート状のセパレータ３が配置されている。電池容器５１の開口部には、絶縁部材５３を間に挟んで蓋５２が装着されている。電池容器５１及び蓋５２はＡｌ（アルミニウム）等の導電材で形成されている。重ねられた複数の正極１、負極２及びセパレータ３は、電池容器５１の底面に対して縦に配置されている。 Hereinafter, the present invention will be specifically described with reference to the drawings showing embodiments thereof.
(Embodiment 1)
1 is a schematic exploded perspective view showing a configuration example of a molten salt battery according to Embodiment 1, and FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an internal configuration example of the molten salt battery according to Embodiment 1. is there. FIG. 2 shows a schematic cross-sectional view of a molten salt battery cut longitudinally. A plurality of positive electrodes 1 and negative electrodes 2 formed in a rectangular plate shape are alternately stacked in a rectangular parallelepiped box-shaped battery container (container) 51 whose upper surface is opened. Is provided with a sheet-like separator 3. A lid 52 is attached to the opening of the battery container 51 with an insulating member 53 interposed therebetween. The battery container 51 and the lid 52 are formed of a conductive material such as Al (aluminum). The plurality of stacked positive electrodes 1, negative electrodes 2, and separators 3 are arranged vertically with respect to the bottom surface of the battery container 51.

正極１は、Ａｌからなる矩形板状の正極集電体１１上に、ＮａＣｒＯ2 等の正極活物質とバインダとを含む正極材１２を塗布して形成してある。なお、正極活物質はＮａＣｒＯ2 に限定されない。負極２は、Ａｌからなる矩形板状の負極集電体２１上に、Ｓｎ（錫）等の負極活物質を含む負極材２２をメッキによって形成してある。負極集電体２１上に負極材２２をメッキする際には、ジンケート処理として下地に亜鉛をメッキした後にＳｎメッキを施すようにしてある。負極活物質はＳｎに限定されず、例えば、Ｓｎを金属ナトリウム、炭素、珪素又はインジウムに置き換えてもよい。負極材２２は、例えば負極活物質の粉末に結着剤を含ませて負極集電体２１上に塗布することによって形成してもよい。正極集電体１１及び負極集電体２１の材料はＡｌに限定されず、ステンレス鋼等の他の導電材であってもよい。 The positive electrode 1 is formed by applying a positive electrode material 12 including a positive electrode active material such as NaCrO 2 and a binder on a rectangular plate-shaped positive electrode current collector 11 made of Al. The positive electrode active material is not limited to NaCrO 2 . In the negative electrode 2, a negative electrode material 22 containing a negative electrode active material such as Sn (tin) is formed on a rectangular negative electrode current collector 21 made of Al by plating. When the negative electrode material 22 is plated on the negative electrode current collector 21, Sn plating is performed after zinc is plated on the base as a zincate treatment. The negative electrode active material is not limited to Sn. For example, Sn may be replaced with metallic sodium, carbon, silicon, or indium. The negative electrode material 22 may be formed, for example, by applying a binder to a negative electrode active material powder and applying the powder onto the negative electrode current collector 21. The material of the positive electrode current collector 11 and the negative electrode current collector 21 is not limited to Al, and may be another conductive material such as stainless steel.

セパレータ３は、ケイ酸ガラス又は樹脂等の絶縁性の材料で、内部に電解質を保持でき、また電荷のキャリアとなるイオンが通過できるような多孔質に形成されている。セパレータ３は、例えばガラスクロス又は多孔質の樹脂シートである。セパレータ３は正極１と負極２との間を離隔すべく配置されており、正極１、負極２及びセパレータ３には、溶融塩からなる電解質が含浸されている。   The separator 3 is an insulating material such as silicate glass or resin, and is formed in a porous shape so that an electrolyte can be held inside and ions serving as charge carriers can pass therethrough. The separator 3 is, for example, a glass cloth or a porous resin sheet. The separator 3 is arranged to separate the positive electrode 1 and the negative electrode 2, and the positive electrode 1, the negative electrode 2, and the separator 3 are impregnated with an electrolyte made of a molten salt.

電解質は、溶融状態で導電性液体となる溶融塩である。溶融塩の融点以上の温度で、溶融塩は溶融して電解液となり、溶融塩電池は二次電池として動作する。融点を低下させるために、電解質は、複数種類の溶融塩が混合していることが望ましい。例えば、電解質は、ナトリウムイオンをカチオンとしＦＳＡ（ビスフルオロスルフォニルアミド；（ＦＳＯ2 ）2 Ｎ−）をアニオンとしたＮａＦＳＡと、カリウムイオンをカチオンとしＦＳＡをアニオンとしたＫＦＳＡとの混合塩である。なお、電解質である溶融塩は、ＴＦＳＡ（ビストリフルオロメチルスルフォニルアミド；（ＣＦ3 ＳＯ2 ）2 Ｎ−）又はＦＴＡ（フルオロトリフルオロメチルスルフォニルアミド；（ＦＳＯ2 ）（ＣＦ3 ＳＯ2 ）Ｎ−）等の他のアニオンを含んでいてもよく、有機イオン等の他のカチオンを含んでいてもよい。また溶融塩として、室温で溶融しているイオン液体を含んでいてもよい。 The electrolyte is a molten salt that becomes a conductive liquid in a molten state. At a temperature equal to or higher than the melting point of the molten salt, the molten salt melts into an electrolytic solution, and the molten salt battery operates as a secondary battery. In order to lower the melting point, it is desirable that the electrolyte is a mixture of a plurality of types of molten salts. For example, the electrolyte is a mixed salt of NaFSA with sodium ion as a cation and FSA (bisfluorosulfonylamide; (FSO 2 ) 2 N − ) as an anion, and KFSA with potassium ion as a cation and FSA as an anion. Note that the molten salt that is an electrolyte is TFSA (bistrifluoromethylsulfonylamide; (CF 3 SO 2 ) 2 N − ) or FTA (fluorotrifluoromethylsulfonylamide; (FSO 2 ) (CF 3 SO 2 ) N − ). Other anions may be included, and other cations such as organic ions may be included. Further, the molten salt may contain an ionic liquid that is melted at room temperature.

溶融塩電池内には、正極１よりも負極２が一枚多く備えられており、複数の正極１及び負極２が重なった方向の両端に負極２が位置するように、複数の正極１及び負極２が配置されている。図１及び図２には、正極１が三枚、負極２が四枚備えられた形態を示したが、負極２の数が一枚多い数であれば、正極１及び負極２の数はその他の数であってもよい。正極１は正極集電体１１の両面に正極材１２を設けてある。複数の負極２の内、両端以外の負極２も、負極集電体２１の両面に負極材２２を設けている。両端の負極２は、負極集電体２１の片面に負極材２２を設けてあり、負極材２２を正極１側に向け、負極集電体２１を電池容器５１の内面に向けて配置されている。なお、両端の負極２も、負極集電体２１の両面に負極材２２を設けてある形態であってもよい。   In the molten salt battery, one more negative electrode 2 than the positive electrode 1 is provided, and the plurality of positive electrodes 1 and the negative electrodes are positioned so that the negative electrodes 2 are located at both ends in the direction in which the plurality of positive electrodes 1 and the negative electrodes 2 overlap. 2 is arranged. 1 and 2 show a configuration in which three positive electrodes 1 and four negative electrodes 2 are provided. However, if the number of the negative electrodes 2 is one more, the number of the positive electrodes 1 and the negative electrodes 2 is the other. May be the number. The positive electrode 1 is provided with a positive electrode material 12 on both surfaces of a positive electrode current collector 11. Among the plurality of negative electrodes 2, negative electrodes 2 other than both ends also have a negative electrode material 22 provided on both surfaces of the negative electrode current collector 21. The negative electrode 2 at both ends is provided with a negative electrode material 22 on one surface of a negative electrode current collector 21, and the negative electrode material 22 faces the positive electrode 1 side and the negative electrode current collector 21 faces the inner surface of the battery container 51. . Note that the negative electrode 2 at both ends may also have a form in which the negative electrode material 22 is provided on both surfaces of the negative electrode current collector 21.

複数の正極１は、導電材製の接続部材４１によって互いに接続されている。接続部材４１は、リード線であってもよく、また、各正極１に連結した導電材製のタブ状の部材を溶接等によって互いに接合したものであってもよい。接続部材４１は、蓋５２に接続されている。接続部材４１と蓋５２とは、リード線で接続されていてもよく、また直接に接触することで接続されていてもよい。   The plurality of positive electrodes 1 are connected to each other by a connection member 41 made of a conductive material. The connection member 41 may be a lead wire, or may be one obtained by joining tab-like members made of a conductive material connected to each positive electrode 1 by welding or the like. The connection member 41 is connected to the lid 52. The connection member 41 and the lid 52 may be connected by a lead wire, or may be connected by direct contact.

複数の負極２は、導電材製の接続部材４２によって互いに接続されている。接続部材４２は、蓋５２に接触しない位置に配置されている。図１及び図２に示した例では、接続部材４２は負極２の外側に配置されているが、接続部材４２は、蓋５２に接触しないように、負極２の横側又は下側に配置されていてもよい。また両端の負極２は、電池容器５１の内面に接触している。電池容器５１の内面は絶縁処理がされておらず、接触により負極２は電池容器５１に電気的に接続されている。また正極１は、端部を絶縁材でコーティングする等の方法で、電池容器５１から絶縁されている。   The plurality of negative electrodes 2 are connected to each other by a connection member 42 made of a conductive material. The connecting member 42 is disposed at a position where it does not contact the lid 52. In the example shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the connection member 42 is disposed outside the negative electrode 2, but the connection member 42 is disposed on the lateral side or the lower side of the negative electrode 2 so as not to contact the lid 52. It may be. The negative electrodes 2 at both ends are in contact with the inner surface of the battery container 51. The inner surface of the battery case 51 is not insulated, and the negative electrode 2 is electrically connected to the battery case 51 by contact. The positive electrode 1 is insulated from the battery container 51 by a method such as coating an end portion with an insulating material.

電池容器５１の開口部には、環状の絶縁部材５３を間に挟んで蓋５２が装着されている。電池容器５１と蓋５２との間は、絶縁部材５３によって絶縁されている。蓋５２は、蓋５２及び絶縁部材５３を貫通する図示しない絶縁材製のボルトによって電池容器５１にねじ止めされている。なお、蓋５２は、絶縁部材５３を間に挟んで電池容器５１の開口部にかしめ止めする等の他の方法で電池容器５１に装着されていてもよい。なお、図１及び図２に示した溶融塩電池の構成は模式的な構成であり、溶融塩電池内には、内部を加熱するヒータ、又は温度センサ等、図示しないその他の構成物が含まれていてもよい。   A lid 52 is attached to the opening of the battery container 51 with an annular insulating member 53 interposed therebetween. The battery container 51 and the lid 52 are insulated by an insulating member 53. The lid 52 is screwed to the battery case 51 with an unillustrated bolt made of an insulating material that penetrates the lid 52 and the insulating member 53. Note that the lid 52 may be attached to the battery container 51 by other methods such as caulking and fixing to the opening of the battery container 51 with the insulating member 53 interposed therebetween. The configuration of the molten salt battery shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 is a schematic configuration, and the molten salt battery includes other components (not shown) such as a heater for heating the inside or a temperature sensor. It may be.

以上のように、本実施の形態に係る溶融塩電池では、複数の正極１は蓋５２に接続され、複数の負極２は電池容器５１に接続され、電池容器５１と蓋５２とは絶縁されている。このため、蓋５２は溶融塩電池の正極端子の代わりとなり、電池容器５１は溶融塩電池の負極端子の代わりとなる。電池容器５１及び蓋５２を外部回路に接続した場合に、溶融塩電池は電池として動作する。また複数の溶融塩電池を横方向に並べて電池容器５１同士を接触させ、リード線等で蓋５２同士を互いに接続することによって、複数の溶融塩電池は並列接続される。また複数の溶融塩電池を縦方向に並べて互いの電池容器５１と蓋５２とを接触させることにより、複数の溶融塩電池は直列接続される。   As described above, in the molten salt battery according to the present embodiment, the plurality of positive electrodes 1 are connected to the lid 52, the plurality of negative electrodes 2 are connected to the battery container 51, and the battery container 51 and the lid 52 are insulated. Yes. For this reason, the lid 52 is substituted for the positive electrode terminal of the molten salt battery, and the battery container 51 is substituted for the negative electrode terminal of the molten salt battery. When the battery container 51 and the lid 52 are connected to an external circuit, the molten salt battery operates as a battery. Moreover, a plurality of molten salt batteries are connected in parallel by arranging a plurality of molten salt batteries in the horizontal direction, bringing the battery containers 51 into contact with each other, and connecting the lids 52 to each other with lead wires or the like. Moreover, a some molten salt battery is connected in series by arranging a some molten salt battery in the vertical direction, and making the mutual battery container 51 and the lid | cover 52 contact.

本実施の形態では、正極１及び負極２を電池容器５１から絶縁させるための構造及び両極端子が不必要であるので、溶融塩電池の構造が簡素化される。また、絶縁のための構造及び両極端子が不必要である分、溶融塩電池内で正極１及び負極２が占める割合が大きくなるので、溶融塩電池の容量が向上する。また、溶融塩電池を製造する際に、正極１及び負極２を電池容器５１から絶縁させるための工程及び両極端子を設けるための工程が不必要となるので、溶融塩電池の製造工程が簡略化される。更に、複数の溶融塩電池を接続して使用する場合においても、端子のためのスペースを確保する必要が無いので、省スペース化を促進することが可能となる。   In the present embodiment, the structure for insulating the positive electrode 1 and the negative electrode 2 from the battery container 51 and the bipolar terminal are unnecessary, so that the structure of the molten salt battery is simplified. In addition, since the proportion of the positive electrode 1 and the negative electrode 2 in the molten salt battery is increased by the unnecessary structure and the bipolar terminal for insulation, the capacity of the molten salt battery is improved. Moreover, when manufacturing the molten salt battery, the process for insulating the positive electrode 1 and the negative electrode 2 from the battery container 51 and the process for providing the bipolar electrode are not required, and therefore the manufacturing process of the molten salt battery is simplified. Is done. Furthermore, even when a plurality of molten salt batteries are connected and used, it is not necessary to secure a space for the terminals, so that space saving can be promoted.

また本実施の形態では、重ねられた複数の正極１及び負極２の両端には、負極２を配置してある。負極材２２は、正極材１２に比べて薄く形成することが可能であるので、負極２を両側に配置することにより、電池容器５１内のスペースを有効に利用することができる。このため、溶融塩電池の容量を可及的に向上させることができる。また正極１を両側から負極２で挟んでいるので、正極１から負極２までの距離が均一となり、各正極１にかかる電位が均一となる。このため、各正極１にかかる電位が不均一となることに起因する部分的な過放電及び過充電が発生すること無く、溶融塩電池の劣化が防止される。また負極２は、正極１に比べて、導電材に対する接触電位が低いので、負極２が電池容器５１に接触していることで、溶融塩電池の内部抵抗が低くなり、充放電レートが向上する。   Moreover, in this Embodiment, the negative electrode 2 is arrange | positioned at the both ends of the some positive electrode 1 and the negative electrode 2 which were piled up. Since the negative electrode material 22 can be formed thinner than the positive electrode material 12, the space in the battery container 51 can be used effectively by disposing the negative electrode 2 on both sides. For this reason, the capacity | capacitance of a molten salt battery can be improved as much as possible. Further, since the positive electrode 1 is sandwiched between the negative electrodes 2 from both sides, the distance from the positive electrode 1 to the negative electrode 2 is uniform, and the potential applied to each positive electrode 1 is uniform. For this reason, deterioration of the molten salt battery is prevented without causing partial overdischarge and overcharge due to non-uniform potential applied to each positive electrode 1. Further, since the negative electrode 2 has a lower contact potential with respect to the conductive material than the positive electrode 1, the negative electrode 2 is in contact with the battery container 51, thereby reducing the internal resistance of the molten salt battery and improving the charge / discharge rate. .

なお、図１及び図２に示した例では、複数のシート状のセパレータ３を備えた形態を示しているが、セパレータ３の形状はその他の形状であってもよい。例えば、セパレータ３は、シートを折り曲げた形状をなし、正極１又は負極２を挟むように配置されていてもよい。また例えば、セパレータ３は、長尺のシートを多重に折り曲げて夫々の正極１と負極２との間に配置した形態であってもよい。また例えば、セパレータ３は、上面が開口した袋状に形成されてあり、内部に正極１を包んでいる形態であってもよい。袋状のセパレータ３で正極１を包んだ形態では、容易に正極１が電池容器５１から絶縁される。   In addition, although the form shown in FIG.1 and FIG.2 showed the form provided with the some sheet-like separator 3, the shape of the separator 3 may be another shape. For example, the separator 3 may be formed by bending a sheet and sandwiching the positive electrode 1 or the negative electrode 2. Further, for example, the separator 3 may have a configuration in which a long sheet is bent in multiple layers and disposed between the positive electrode 1 and the negative electrode 2. Further, for example, the separator 3 may be formed in a bag shape having an open upper surface, and the positive electrode 1 may be enclosed inside. In the form in which the positive electrode 1 is wrapped with the bag-shaped separator 3, the positive electrode 1 is easily insulated from the battery container 51.

（実施の形態２）
図３は、実施の形態２に係る溶融塩電池の内部構成例を示す模式的断面図である。図３には、溶融塩電池を縦に切断した模式的断面図を示している。重ねられた複数の正極１及び負極２の内で一方の端に位置する負極２と電池容器５１の内側壁との間には、導電材製の波板状のバネ４３が配されている。バネ４３は、重ねられた正極１、負極２及びセパレータ３を端から押圧する。溶融塩電池の充放電により正極１又は負極２が膨脹又は収縮した場合、バネ４３の伸縮によって正極１又は負極２の体積変化が吸収される。導電材製のバネ４３は、負極２と電池容器５１の内壁とに接触しており、負極２はバネ４３を介して電池容器５１に接続されている。溶融塩電池のその他の構成は実施の形態１と同様であり、対応する部分に同符号を付してその説明を省略する。 (Embodiment 2)
FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an example of the internal configuration of the molten salt battery according to the second embodiment. FIG. 3 shows a schematic cross-sectional view of a molten salt battery cut longitudinally. A corrugated spring 43 made of a conductive material is disposed between the negative electrode 2 located at one end of the stacked positive electrodes 1 and negative electrodes 2 and the inner wall of the battery container 51. The spring 43 presses the stacked positive electrode 1, negative electrode 2 and separator 3 from the end. When the positive electrode 1 or the negative electrode 2 expands or contracts due to charging / discharging of the molten salt battery, the volume change of the positive electrode 1 or the negative electrode 2 is absorbed by the expansion and contraction of the spring 43. The spring 43 made of a conductive material is in contact with the negative electrode 2 and the inner wall of the battery container 51, and the negative electrode 2 is connected to the battery container 51 via the spring 43. Other configurations of the molten salt battery are the same as those of the first embodiment, and the corresponding parts are denoted by the same reference numerals and description thereof is omitted.

本実施の形態においても、複数の正極１は蓋５２に接続され、複数の負極２は電池容器５１に接続され、蓋５２は溶融塩電池の正極端子として働き、電池容器５１は溶融塩電池の負極端子として働く。このため、本実施の形態に係る溶融塩電池は、実施の形態１と同様の効果を奏する。なお、溶融塩電池は、リード線等のバネ４３以外の導電体で負極２が電池容器５１に接続されている形態でもよい。   Also in the present embodiment, the plurality of positive electrodes 1 are connected to the lid 52, the plurality of negative electrodes 2 are connected to the battery container 51, the lid 52 functions as a positive electrode terminal of the molten salt battery, and the battery container 51 is a molten salt battery. Works as a negative terminal. For this reason, the molten salt battery according to the present embodiment has the same effects as those of the first embodiment. The molten salt battery may have a form in which the negative electrode 2 is connected to the battery container 51 with a conductor other than the spring 43 such as a lead wire.

（実施の形態３）
図４は、実施の形態３に係る溶融塩電池の内部構成例を示す模式的断面図である。図４には、溶融塩電池を水平に切断した模式的断面図を示している。長尺状の正極１、負極２及びセパレータ３は、正極１と負極２との間にセパレータ３が配置されるように重ねられた上で、角柱状に多重に巻回されてある。正極１、負極２及びセパレータ３の材質は実施の形態１と同様である。また正極１、負極２及びセパレータ３は、負極２が外側に位置するように巻回されている。巻回された正極１、負極２及びセパレータ３は、一端が開口した角筒状に形成された導電材製の電池容器５１内に収納されている。巻回された正極１、負極２及びセパレータ３は、最外層が負極２になるように配置されている。負極２の最も外側の部分は、電池容器５１の内面に接触している。電池容器５１の内面は絶縁処理がされておらず、接触により負極２は電池容器５１に電気的に接続されている。また正極１は、端部を絶縁材でコーティングする等の方法で、電池容器５１から絶縁されている。電池容器５１の開口部には、図４には図示しない蓋５２が絶縁部材５３を間に挟んで装着されており、正極１はリード線等の導電体で蓋５２に接続されている。溶融塩電池のその他の構成は実施の形態１と同様である。 (Embodiment 3)
FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an example of the internal configuration of the molten salt battery according to the third embodiment. FIG. 4 shows a schematic cross-sectional view of the molten salt battery cut horizontally. The long positive electrode 1, the negative electrode 2, and the separator 3 are wound in a prismatic shape after being stacked so that the separator 3 is disposed between the positive electrode 1 and the negative electrode 2. The materials of the positive electrode 1, the negative electrode 2, and the separator 3 are the same as those in the first embodiment. Moreover, the positive electrode 1, the negative electrode 2, and the separator 3 are wound so that the negative electrode 2 is located outside. The wound positive electrode 1, negative electrode 2, and separator 3 are accommodated in a battery container 51 made of a conductive material formed in a rectangular tube shape with one end opened. The wound positive electrode 1, negative electrode 2 and separator 3 are arranged so that the outermost layer is the negative electrode 2. The outermost part of the negative electrode 2 is in contact with the inner surface of the battery container 51. The inner surface of the battery case 51 is not insulated, and the negative electrode 2 is electrically connected to the battery case 51 by contact. The positive electrode 1 is insulated from the battery container 51 by a method such as coating an end portion with an insulating material. A lid 52 (not shown in FIG. 4) is attached to the opening of the battery container 51 with an insulating member 53 interposed therebetween, and the positive electrode 1 is connected to the lid 52 with a conductor such as a lead wire. Other configurations of the molten salt battery are the same as those in the first embodiment.

本実施の形態においても、複数の正極１は蓋５２に接続され、複数の負極２は電池容器５１に接続され、蓋５２は溶融塩電池の正極端子として働き、電池容器５１は溶融塩電池の負極端子として働く。このため、本実施の形態に係る溶融塩電池は、実施の形態１と同様の効果を奏する。なお、溶融塩電池は、電池容器５１が円筒状に形成され、正極１、負極２及びセパレータ３が円柱状に巻回された形態であってもよい。   Also in the present embodiment, the plurality of positive electrodes 1 are connected to the lid 52, the plurality of negative electrodes 2 are connected to the battery container 51, the lid 52 functions as a positive electrode terminal of the molten salt battery, and the battery container 51 is a molten salt battery. Works as a negative terminal. For this reason, the molten salt battery according to the present embodiment has the same effects as those of the first embodiment. The molten salt battery may have a form in which the battery container 51 is formed in a cylindrical shape, and the positive electrode 1, the negative electrode 2, and the separator 3 are wound in a columnar shape.

なお、以上の実施の形態１〜３には、蓋５２が正極端子として働く形態を示しているが、本発明の溶融塩電値は、蓋５２に正極端子を備え、正極１が正極端子に接続されている形態であってもよい。また蓋５２は、全体が導電材で形成されているのではなく、一部が絶縁材で形成されており、絶縁性の部分が電池容器５１に接触するように装着され、導電性の部分に正極１が接続されていてもよい。この形態の場合は、絶縁部材５３が不必要となる。   In addition, although the lid | cover 52 works as a positive electrode terminal in the above Embodiment 1-3, the molten salt electric value of this invention equips the lid | cover 52 with a positive electrode terminal, and the positive electrode 1 serves as a positive electrode terminal. It may be connected. The lid 52 is not entirely formed of a conductive material, but is partially formed of an insulating material. The lid 52 is attached so that the insulating portion contacts the battery container 51, and the conductive portion is attached to the conductive portion. The positive electrode 1 may be connected. In the case of this form, the insulating member 53 is unnecessary.

１ 正極
１１ 正極集電体
１２ 正極材
２ 負極
２１ 負極集電体
２２ 負極材
３ セパレータ
４１、４２ 接続部材
５１ 電池容器（容器）
５２ 蓋
５３ 絶縁部材 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Positive electrode 11 Positive electrode collector 12 Positive electrode material 2 Negative electrode 21 Negative electrode collector 22 Negative electrode material 3 Separator 41, 42 Connection member 51 Battery container (container)
52 Lid 53 Insulating member

Claims (4)

シート状の正極及び負極を導電性の容器内に収納してあり、電解質として溶融塩を用いた溶融塩電池であって、
間にセパレータを挟んで複数の正極及び負極を交互に重ね、正極及び負極の内の一方の電極を両端に配置してあり、
両端に配置した前記一方の電極を直接に又は導電体を介して前記容器の内面に接続してあること
を特徴とする溶融塩電池。 A sheet-like positive electrode and a negative electrode are housed in a conductive container, and a molten salt battery using a molten salt as an electrolyte,
A plurality of positive electrodes and negative electrodes are alternately stacked with a separator in between, and one of the positive electrodes and the negative electrodes is disposed at both ends.
The molten salt battery, wherein the one electrode arranged at both ends is connected to the inner surface of the container directly or via a conductor. シート状の正極及び負極を導電性の容器内に収納してあり、電解質として溶融塩を用いた溶融塩電池であって、
間にセパレータを挟んだ正極及び負極を多重に巻回し、正極及び負極の内の一方の電極を最外層に配置してあり、
前記一方の電極を直接に又は導電体を介して前記容器に接続してあること
を特徴とする溶融塩電池。 A sheet-like positive electrode and a negative electrode are housed in a conductive container, and a molten salt battery using a molten salt as an electrolyte,
The positive electrode and the negative electrode with a separator interposed therebetween are wound in multiple layers, and one of the positive electrode and the negative electrode is arranged in the outermost layer,
The molten salt battery, wherein the one electrode is connected to the container directly or via a conductor. 前記容器には開口部が形成されてあり、
該開口部には、前記容器と絶縁した一部又は全部が導電性の蓋が装着されてあり、
正極及び負極の内の他方の電極を前記蓋に接続してあること
を特徴とする請求項１又は２に記載の溶融塩電池。 An opening is formed in the container,
A part or all of the opening insulated from the container is fitted with a conductive lid,
The molten salt battery according to claim 1, wherein the other electrode of the positive electrode and the negative electrode is connected to the lid. 前記一方の電極は負極であることを特徴とする請求項１乃至３の何れか一つに記載の溶融塩電池。   The molten salt battery according to claim 1, wherein the one electrode is a negative electrode.
JP2011088538A 2011-04-12 2011-04-12 Molten salt battery Withdrawn JP2012221850A (en)

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