JP2012207487A - Rotary breakwater - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a breakwater which can exert a breakwater function only on the occurrence of a tsunami and the like and which makes costs low by simplifying construction and maintenance.SOLUTION: Characteristically, a water-rotating breakwater of this invention comprises: a breakwater plate; a first link which connects a lower end of the breakwater plate and a water bottom surface in such a manner that they are each rotatable; a second link which connects a midway portion of the breakwater plate and the water bottom surface in such a manner that they are each rotatable and which is longer than the first link; and a float and sink control body which is provided in the breakwater plate and which can control a barycentric position of the breakwater plate by introducing and releasing buoyancy.

Description

  The present invention relates to a rotary breakwater, and more specifically, relates to a rotary breakwater that normally stands on the bottom of a water and can stand up and exhibit a wavebreak function when a tsunami or storm surge occurs.

The breakwater provided to prevent the intrusion of tsunamis and storm surges (hereinafter simply referred to as “tsunamis”) is generally a structure made of concrete or steel.
When constructing a breakwater with a structure made of concrete or steel, not only is it costly to install, but the breakwater will be installed on the sea constantly, which may hinder the operation of the ship, The surrounding environment may be affected by disturbing the landscape or changing the ocean current.

  In order to solve the above-mentioned conventional problems, the following inventions have been proposed as breakwaters that can exert a wave-breaking function only when a tsunami occurs.

  For example, the conventional movable breakwater shown in FIG. 5 is a flap-type breakwater, and includes a breakwater plate fixed to the seabed by a support that can be rotated at one end, and a fixing device for placing the waveboard on the seabed during a calm period. Thus, it is erected on the sea surface by buoyancy when necessary (hereinafter referred to as “conventional invention 1”).

  For example, the invention described in Patent Document 1 is a movable breakwater, and a plurality of lower steel pipes that are vertically inserted into the seabed ground and arranged with the upper surface opened, and are slidably inserted through the steel pipes. The upper steel pipe is open at the bottom and closed at the top. Normally, the upper steel pipe is inserted under the sea bottom, and when necessary, it creates buoyancy in the upper steel pipe and protrudes above the sea surface. The structure to be made is disclosed (hereinafter referred to as “conventional invention 2”).

JP 2006-37415 A

However, the above-described prior art has at least one of the following problems.
(1) Since both of the conventional inventions 1 and 2 install a large-scale structure, installation costs and maintenance costs become large. In particular, in the conventional invention 2, since the buoyancy that allows the waterproof plate to protrude above the water surface must be ensured, the facility becomes even larger.
(2) Since the conventional invention 2 involves a large-scale steel pipe installation work on the seabed ground in order to store all the pipes, the construction requires a great deal of labor and cost. In addition, since it is virtually impossible to replace the lower steel pipe, there is still room for improvement in maintainability.
(3) In the conventional invention 2, since it is necessary to drive the lower steel pipe vertically below the bottom surface of the water, it is difficult to expect the construction cost to be reduced because highly accurate construction is required.
(4) Since both of the conventional inventions 1 and 2 maintain the standing state by continuing to introduce buoyancy, they swing due to fluctuations in the water surface. In addition, buoyancy cannot be maintained when an intake device or the like is damaged due to a tsunami attack or the like, so that the reliability is low. In addition, since the levitation state cannot be maintained when the water level drops, the reliability at the time of the tsunami or the like is low.

  That is, an object of the present invention is to provide a breakwater that can exhibit a breakwater function only when a tsunami or the like occurs, is simple in construction and maintenance, and is low in cost.

The first invention of the present application, which has been made to solve the above-mentioned problems, is a rotary breakwater that stands up from a state where it lies on the bottom of the water, and each of the wave breaker, the lower end of the wave breaker, and the bottom of the water is rotatable. A first link to be connected, a midway of the wave-breaking plate and a bottom surface of the wave-breaking plate are rotatably connected to each other; a second link longer than the first link; and the wave-breaking plate, It is intended to provide a rotary breakwater comprising an ups and downs control body capable of controlling the center of gravity position of the wave breaker plate by introducing and releasing buoyancy.
The second invention of the present application is characterized in that, in the above invention, the floatation control body comprises a plurality of air chambers capable of storing air or water.
Further, according to a third invention of the present application, in the above invention, (a) when the wave-proof plate is fallen, (a1) buoyancy is introduced into the floating control body, and the wave-proof plate is lifted to a predetermined position, (a2) A part of the buoyancy of the float / sink control body is released, the center of gravity position of the wave breaker plate is shifted to the upper end side of the wave breaker plate, and (a3) the wave breaker plate rotates to the front side and stands on the bottom of the water It is characterized by exhibiting the state which was made.
According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, in the above invention, (b) when the wave-proof plate stands up, (b1) buoyancy is introduced into the rise and fall control body, and the wave-proof plate is lifted to a predetermined position, and (b2) Release part of the buoyancy of the float / sink control body and shift the center of gravity position of the wave breaker plate to the lower end side of the wave breaker plate. (B3) The wave breaker plate rotates to the back side and falls to the bottom of the water It is characterized by exhibiting the state which was made.

According to the present invention, at least one of the following effects can be obtained.
(1) Normally, since each member constituting the breakwater is stored on the bottom or bottom of the water, problems such as hindering the operation of the ship and affecting the ocean current do not occur.
(2) In conventional floating breakwaters, it is necessary to maintain buoyancy by maintaining buoyancy by introducing buoyancy during the tsunami and storm surge, whereas in the present invention, the breakwater is Because it is self-supporting, buoyancy can be released and the reliability of the wave prevention function is high.
(3) Since the structure is simple compared to the conventional levitated breakwater, it can be installed at a low cost in a short time.
(4) Since all the devices are installed on the bottom surface of the water, it is excellent in maintainability.
(5) Since the breakwater can be deployed and stored by introducing and releasing buoyancy, operation training can be carried out easily.

Schematic which shows the structure of the rotary breakwater of this invention. Schematic which shows the example of an effect | action of the rotary breakwater of this invention. The schematic side view which shows the state from the time of the fall of the rotary breakwater of this invention to the time of levitation. The schematic side view which shows the state from the time of rising of the rotary breakwater of this invention to the time of standing. Schematic which shows the movable breakwater of the conventional invention 1. FIG.

  The rotary breakwater of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

<1> Overall Configuration The configuration of the rotary breakwater of the present invention is shown in FIG.
The rotary breakwater A of the present invention includes a wave breaker plate 1, a first link 21 that pivotally connects a lower end of the wave breaker plate 1 and a water bottom surface, a middle of the wave breaker plate 1, and a water bottom surface. Are connected to the second link 22, which is longer than the first link, and the wave preventing plate 1, and the position of the center of gravity of the wave preventing plate 1 is determined by introducing and releasing buoyancy. A controllable structure that includes at least an ups and downs control body 3, and normally keeps the wave-proof plate 1 lying on the bottom of the water, and the wave-proof plate 1 stands up and is exposed on the water when a tsunami occurs. It is.
Hereinafter, details of each member and other configurations will be described.

<2> Pre-configuration In constructing a breakwater, it is desirable to first provide a foundation a at the bottom of the water over the direction of the tsunami. On the foundation a, two connecting portions (a rear side connecting portion b1 and a front side connecting portion b2) are arranged at intervals in the direction of the tsunami or the like.
Moreover, you may provide the base c for supporting the wave-protecting board 1 to fall on the foundation a.

<3> Wavebreaker The wavebreaker 1 is a member for resisting a tsunami or the like while standing in water.
The wave preventing plate 1 may be appropriately designed in material and size from the water level expected at the time of occurrence of a tsunami and various conditions such as desired strength, weight, and volume.
In addition, since the wave-protecting plate 1 is normally placed on the water bottom in a lying state, it does not hinder the operation of a ship or the like even if it is long in the height direction.

<4> Link mechanism The link mechanism is a member for controlling one movement / rotation of the wave preventing plate.
The link mechanism includes a first link 2 and a second link 3 having different lengths.
The first link 2 is a short link member, and one end of the first link 2 is rotatably connected to the back side connection part b1 and the other end is rotatably connected to the lower end of the wave preventing plate 1.
The second link 3 is a long link member, and one end of the second link 3 is rotatably connected to the front side connection part b2, and the other end is freely rotatable along the height direction of the wave preventing plate 1. Keep connected.
According to this configuration, the two links, the water bottom surface, and the wave preventing plate exhibit a four-link mechanism.

<5> Floating / sinking control body Floating / sinking control body 4 is a member provided on the wave preventing plate 1, and floats and sinks the wave preventing plate 1 by introducing and releasing buoyancy, and takes the water into the inside. This is a member for arbitrarily changing the position of the center of gravity of the wave preventing plate 1.

  As shown in FIG. 1, the rise and fall control body 4 is provided on the lower back side of the wave preventing plate 1. This is to prevent the floating controller 4 from interfering with the bottom of the water, since the front side of the wave-breaking plate 1 becomes a mounting surface when the wave-breaking plate 1 is laid down.

The ups and downs control body 4 may be any configuration as long as it can freely introduce and release buoyancy and can control the position of the center of gravity of the wave preventing plate 1, and various configurations can be employed.
As an example, the ups and downs control body 4 can be configured with a plurality of air chambers divided in the height direction of the wave preventing plate 1.
For example, in FIG. 1, the ups and downs control body 4 includes a first air chamber 41 disposed in the lower part of the wave preventing plate 1 and a second air chamber 42 disposed in the upper part of the first air chamber 41. is doing.
The air chambers 41 and 42 are configured to be independently intake / exhaust or supply / drain.
In FIG. 1, first and second intake and exhaust pipes 5 and 6 individually connected to each air chamber are provided so that air can be supplied from an operation chamber installed on land or the like.
The intake / exhaust pipes 5 and 6 are arranged along the second link 3, and the air chambers 41 and 42 are provided with openable / closable water holes 411 and 421, respectively. The buoyancy is obtained by introducing and storing the gas inside the air chamber and the weight body with respect to the wave preventing plate by exhausting from the intake and exhaust pipes 5 and 6 and introducing and storing the water inside each air chamber. Can function as.

  With the above configuration, buoyancy can be obtained by introducing gas into part or all of the air chambers 41 and 42, and water is introduced into part or all of the air chambers 41 and 42, Thus, the weight balance of the wave preventing plate 1 can be adjusted, and the position of the center of gravity of the wave preventing plate 1 can be arbitrarily controlled.

<6> Action The action of transitioning from the state where the wave preventing plate 1 is floating to the standing state or the lying state will be described with reference to FIG. For simplification of explanation, the weight of the two links 3 and 4 is ignored in the following explanation.

<6.1> When ascending (FIGS. 2A and 2B)
In the state where the wave breaker plate 1 is stable, tension is applied to the two links 3 and 4, and gravity acting on the wave breaker plate from the vertical force suspension (including the weight of water supplied to the floating control body). F _G becomes smaller state than the buoyancy F _0. Also, let O be the intersection of the lines of force acting on the two links.

<6.2> Transition model to the lodging state (FIG. 2A)
If the action line of gravity F _G is on the left side of the action line of buoyancy F ₀ , the wave-breaking plate 1 is in a state where these forces are on the left side of the point O due to the suspension of moments around the point O. Stabilize. At this time, when injecting water into floating and sinking control body 4 so as to increase the F _G, point O because of the need to move to the right, breakwater plate 1 approaches a state of being laid down by rotating to the left, When the size of the F _G and F ₀ matches are fully collapsed.

<6.3> Transition model to the standing state (FIG. 2B)
Conversely, when the line of action of F _G is referred to as being on the right than the line of action of F _0, from each other hanging moment around the point O, in a state F _G and F ₀ line of action in both the right than the point O The wave preventing plate 1 is stable. At this time, when injecting water into floating and sinking control body 4 so as to increase the F _G, point O because of the need to move to the left, breakwater plate 1 approaches a state of being erected by rotating to the right, the size of F _G and F ₀ is completely erected to match.

<6.4> from summary above, the center of gravity is the point of gravity F _G, if it is possible to move to an arbitrary right and left of the center of buoyancy is the center of buoyancy F _0, standing-lodging mechanism of the vibration wave plate It can be said that

<6.5> Specific Example of Floating / Sinking Control Body As described above, the movable range of the center of gravity of the wave preventing plate 1 can be arbitrarily set by adjusting the weight of the floating / sinking control body 4.
FIG. 2C is a diagram showing a dynamic model in the case where the ups and downs control body is composed of the first air chamber 41 and the second air chamber 42.
For example, if the wave preventing plate 1 is sufficiently thin and buoyancy is ignored (assuming there is weight), the buoyancy is located at the center of two buoyancy pairs. The simplest example in which this mechanism is established is to place the center of gravity of the wave preventing plate 1 when there is no water in the air chamber, and to place the counterweight 11 on the wave preventing plate 1 on the same line of action as the floating core. This is the case. In this case, when water is poured into only the first air chamber 41, the center of gravity moves to the right of the buoyancy, and when water is poured into only the second air chamber 42, the centroid is floating. Move to the left.
As described above, by adjusting the position of the center of gravity using a counterweight or the like so that the buoyancy is included in the range of center of gravity that can be moved by supply and exhaust of the first air chamber 41 and the second air chamber 42. It can be seen that this mechanism is established.

Examples of the required buoyancy, in a state containing water in one of the air chamber, the buoyancy body F _G and F ₀ is matched (i.e., generates a weight equivalent buoyancy of explosion wave plate in one of the air chamber If possible, it is possible to bottom at least the wave-breaking plate 1 in a standing and lying state. In this case, since the model is simplified, it is considered that the model is actually formed with a smaller buoyancy body.

<7> Method of Use (a) Sloped State-Floating State The operation mode of the rotary breakwater of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG.
Fig.3 (a) shows the state at the normal time (at the time of calm), and the wave-breaking board 1 has fallen completely. At this time, the air chambers 41 and 42 constituting the ups and downs control body 4 are not sucked and are not in a state where buoyancy is generated.
At the time when the occurrence of a tsunami or the like is expected, when supply of air to the air chambers is started from the air supply / exhaust pipes 5 and 6, gas is stored in the air chambers 41 and 42, and buoyancy is gradually generated.
According to the increasing buoyancy, the wave preventing plate 1 gradually floats while being restricted in posture by the first link 2 and the second link 3 (FIG. 3B).
Then, the wave preventing plate 1 stops floating at a predetermined position (FIG. 3C).

(B) Floating state to standing state When the supply of gas is stopped in the state of FIG. 3C and the first air chamber 41 is exhausted from the first air supply / exhaust pipe 5, the inside of the air chamber 41 Since the buoyancy on the lower side of the wave-breaking plate 1 is reduced, the wave-breaking plate 1 sinks while rotating clockwise (front side of the wave-breaking plate) (FIGS. 4A and 4B).
And if it exhausts also in the 2nd air supply / exhaust pipe 6 and it also pours into the 2nd air chamber 42, the wave-proof board 1 will stand in the stable state by dead weight (FIG.4 (c)).
At this time, even if the air chambers 41 and 42 of the floating and sinking control body 4 are completely exhausted and the buoyancy is released, the wave breaker plate 1 is stably raised by its own weight.

(C) Standing state to lying state When the wave preventing plate in the standing state (FIG. 4 (c)) is fallen again, air is supplied from the air supply and exhaust pipes 5 and 6 to the air chambers 41 and 42, The wave-breaking plate 1 is rotated and floated to the state shown in FIG.
In this state, if air is exhausted from the second air supply / exhaust pipe 6, water flows into the second air chamber 42, and the buoyancy on the upper side of the wave preventing plate 1 is reduced. It sinks while rotating around (back side of the wave blocking plate), and can return to the lying state of FIG.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Wave barrier 2 1st link 3 2nd link 4 Floating / sink control body 41 1st air chamber 42 2nd air chamber 5 1st intake / exhaust pipe 6 2nd intake / exhaust pipe a Foundation | base b1 Back side connection part b2 Front side connecting part c Pedestal

Claims (4)

A rotary breakwater that stands up from the state of lying on the bottom of the water,
A wave breaker,
A first link that rotatably connects the lower end of the wave preventing plate and the water bottom;
A second link, which is longer than the first link, rotatably connects the wave-breaking plate and the bottom of the water,
A float / sink control body that is provided on the wave breaker plate and capable of controlling the position of the center of gravity of the wave breaker plate by introducing and releasing buoyancy;
Rotating breakwater, characterized by comprising The rotary breakwater according to claim 1, wherein the floating control body includes a plurality of air chambers capable of storing air or water. (A) When the wave breaker is lying down,
(A1) Introduce buoyancy to the rise and fall control body, and lift the wave preventing plate to a predetermined position,
(A2) Releasing a part of the buoyancy of the float / sink control body, and changing the center of gravity position of the wave preventing plate to the upper end side of the wave preventing plate,
(A3) The wave preventing plate rotates to the front side and stands up at the bottom of the water.
The rotary breakwater according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that. (B) When the wavebreaker is standing,
(B1) Introducing buoyancy to the rise and fall control body, and levitating the wave preventing plate to a predetermined position,
(B2) Releasing a part of the buoyancy of the floating and sinking control body to shift the center of gravity position of the wave preventing plate to the lower end side of the wave preventing plate,
(B3) The wave-proof plate rotates to the back side and presents a state lying on the bottom of the water.
The rotary breakwater according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that.

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