JP2012196226A - Culture method for cancer stem cell, and cancer stem cell - Google Patents

Culture method for cancer stem cell, and cancer stem cell Download PDF

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JP2012196226A
JP2012196226A JP2012137416A JP2012137416A JP2012196226A JP 2012196226 A JP2012196226 A JP 2012196226A JP 2012137416 A JP2012137416 A JP 2012137416A JP 2012137416 A JP2012137416 A JP 2012137416A JP 2012196226 A JP2012196226 A JP 2012196226A
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cancer stem
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Hiroshi Saiga
寛 雑賀
Shigeru Yasumoto
茂 安本
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Nippon Kayaku Co Ltd
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Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a culture method allowing selective culture of cancer stem cells, to provide the cancer stem cell selected by the same, to provide a screening method for a specific expressed gene and a selective inhibitory substance using the cancer stem cells, and to provide the specific expressed gene and the selective inhibitory substance of the cancer stem cell selected by the screening method.SOLUTION: This selective culture method for the cancer stem cells uses a culture solution including at least tumor necrosis factor β (TGFβ) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα). The screening method for the specific expressed gene and the selective inhibitory substance uses the selected cancer stem cells.

Description

本発明は、癌幹細胞を選択的に培養することができる培養方法、該培養方法により選択された癌幹細胞、該癌幹細胞を用いた特異的発現遺伝子および選択的阻害物質のスクリーニング法に関する。 The present invention relates to a culture method capable of selectively culturing cancer stem cells, a cancer stem cell selected by the culture method, a specific expression gene using the cancer stem cell, and a screening method for a selective inhibitor.

生体組織の構成細胞は、大きく分化細胞と幹細胞とに分けられる。分化細胞はその組織特有の機能を発揮する成熟細胞であるが、細胞老化や組織障害により絶えず死んでいる。したがって、これらの細胞は生体組織を維持するよう供給される必要がある。この供給源となる細胞が幹細胞であり、活発な増殖能、分化能および自己複製能をもつことを特徴とする。分化能とは成熟細胞へと分化する能力を示し、自己複製能とは不均等分裂により自己と同じ幹細胞を維持する能力を示す。この自己複製能に関与する遺伝子群は「幹細胞遺伝子」として同定され、これらの遺伝子産物は、Wnt/Frizzeled、Hedgehog/PatchedあるいはNotchリガンド/Notch受容体の細胞伝達経路に関与する。一方、これら「幹細胞遺伝子」産物は癌細胞の増殖、分化および生存にも関与していることが、多発性骨髄腫、脳腫瘍、肝臓癌、膵臓癌、大腸癌、胃癌などにおいて報告されており、多くの「幹細胞遺伝子」と「癌関連遺伝子」が共通していることが示されている。したがって、幹細胞のシステムから癌の発生・増殖・転移・再発を説明することが試みられている。例えば、(1) 癌細胞は幹細胞から発生する可能性があること、(2)癌組織が、幹細胞(癌幹細胞)をもつ階層的な細胞社会を構成することが報告されており、(3)癌幹細胞は現在の治療法に抵抗性がある。この生き残った癌幹細胞が治療後増殖して、再発癌の主要構成細胞となり、これにより再発癌の多くが治療抵抗性となると説明されている。このように幹細胞システムに基づいた癌に対する新しい理解が進みつつあり、これらの知見から、今までの制癌剤や放射線治療とは異なった「幹細胞システムを調節する」という新しい癌治療法の開発が期待される。このためには、第一段階として癌幹細胞を分離することが望まれている。すなわち、この分離した癌幹細胞を用いた細胞機能解析、スクリーニングおよび発現遺伝子解析などにより、癌幹細胞に特異性の高い薬理化合物、生理活性物質、遺伝子および抗体などを見出すことが可能となる。これらの薬理化合物、生理活性物質、遺伝子および抗体などを用いることにより、癌幹細胞を標的とする新規の癌治療および癌診断の開発が可能となる。   The constituent cells of the living tissue are roughly divided into differentiated cells and stem cells. Differentiated cells are mature cells that perform their specific functions, but are constantly dying due to cellular aging and tissue damage. Therefore, these cells need to be supplied to maintain living tissue. The source cell is a stem cell, which is characterized by active proliferation ability, differentiation ability and self-replication ability. Differentiation ability refers to the ability to differentiate into mature cells, and self-replication ability refers to the ability to maintain the same stem cells as self by unequal division. A group of genes involved in this self-renewal ability is identified as “stem cell genes”, and these gene products are involved in the cell transmission pathway of Wnt / Frizezeled, Hedgehog / Patched or Notch ligand / Notch receptor. On the other hand, these "stem cell gene" products are also reported to be involved in the proliferation, differentiation and survival of cancer cells in multiple myeloma, brain tumor, liver cancer, pancreatic cancer, colon cancer, gastric cancer, etc. It has been shown that many “stem cell genes” and “cancer-related genes” are common. Therefore, attempts have been made to explain the occurrence, proliferation, metastasis, and recurrence of cancer from the stem cell system. For example, it has been reported that (1) cancer cells may be generated from stem cells, (2) cancer tissues constitute a hierarchical cellular society having stem cells (cancer stem cells), and (3) Cancer stem cells are resistant to current therapies. It has been described that these surviving cancer stem cells proliferate after treatment and become the main constituent cells of recurrent cancer, which makes many recurrent cancers resistant to treatment. In this way, a new understanding of cancer based on the stem cell system is advancing, and these findings are expected to develop a new cancer therapy that regulates the stem cell system, which is different from conventional anticancer drugs and radiation therapy. The For this purpose, it is desired to isolate cancer stem cells as the first step. That is, pharmacological compounds, physiologically active substances, genes, antibodies, and the like that are highly specific for cancer stem cells can be found by cell function analysis, screening, and expression gene analysis using the separated cancer stem cells. By using these pharmacological compounds, physiologically active substances, genes and antibodies, it becomes possible to develop new cancer treatments and cancer diagnosis targeting cancer stem cells.

幹細胞の取得方法はいくつか知られているが(特許文献1参照)、現在、癌幹細胞の分離方法として幹細胞の特徴から3つの方法、(1)幹細胞表面マーカー、(2)サイド・ポピュレーション(Side Population(SP)以下SPともいう)、(3)浮遊細胞塊形成が試みられている。(1)
幹細胞表面マーカー:幹細胞を他の細胞と分離することができる細胞表面発現抗原をいう。グリオーマにおいて神経幹細胞マーカーCD133が、急性白血病幹細胞において造血幹細胞マーカーCD34が発現しており、このような正常組織の幹細胞マーカーを利用して癌幹細胞が濃縮されることが報告されている。上皮系癌では、上皮幹細胞マーカーとして同定されているp75神経栄養因子レセプター(p75 neutrophin receptor: 以下p75NTRという。特許文献2、非特許文献1及び2参照)、インテグリンα6、インテグリンβ1、Notch1およびp63を利用して癌幹細胞の分離が期待される。 (2)SP:蛍光色素Hoechst33342の排出能力により特異的な蛍光色素パターンを示す一群の細胞をいう。この排出能力はABCトランスポーターの活性によると考えられ、様々な正常組織幹細胞がこのSP分画に濃縮されることが発見された。また、近年、急性白血病、悪性固形腫瘍および癌細胞株においてもSP分取が癌幹細胞濃縮法として利用されている。(3)浮遊細胞塊形成;浮遊細胞塊培養法は神経幹細胞の培養・濃縮法として確立されたが、種々の癌幹細胞、乳癌幹細胞、グリオーマおよび髄芽腫幹細胞、メラノーマ幹細胞などもbFGF、EGF等の成長因子を加えた無血清培地中で浮遊細胞塊を形成し、維持・濃縮されていることが報告されている。これら3つの方法は、少なくとも癌幹細胞を濃縮することは可能であるが、混在する非幹細胞である癌細胞を完全に排除することができず、癌幹細胞を分離するためには更なる工夫が求められていた。
Several methods for obtaining stem cells are known (see Patent Document 1). Currently, there are three methods for separating cancer stem cells from the characteristics of stem cells, (1) stem cell surface markers, (2) side population ( Side population (SP) (hereinafter also referred to as SP), (3) formation of floating cell mass has been attempted. (1)
Stem cell surface marker: refers to a cell surface expressed antigen that can separate stem cells from other cells. It has been reported that neural stem cell marker CD133 is expressed in glioma and hematopoietic stem cell marker CD34 is expressed in acute leukemia stem cells, and that cancer stem cells are enriched using such normal tissue stem cell markers. In epithelial cancers, the p75 neurotrophic receptor (p75 neurotrophic receptor: hereinafter referred to as p75 NTR ; see Patent Document 2, Non-Patent Documents 1 and 2), integrin α6, integrin β1, Notch1 and p63 Isolation of cancer stem cells is expected. (2) SP: A group of cells exhibiting a specific fluorescent dye pattern depending on the discharging ability of the fluorescent dye Hoechst33342. This excretion ability is thought to be due to the activity of the ABC transporter, and it was discovered that various normal tissue stem cells were concentrated in this SP fraction. In recent years, SP fractionation has also been used as a method for enriching cancer stem cells in acute leukemia, malignant solid tumors, and cancer cell lines. (3) Floating cell mass formation: The floating cell mass culture method was established as a method for culturing and concentrating neural stem cells, but various cancer stem cells, breast cancer stem cells, glioma and medulloblastoma stem cells, melanoma stem cells, etc. are also bFGF, EGF, etc. It has been reported that floating cell masses are formed, maintained and concentrated in a serum-free medium supplemented with these growth factors. These three methods can concentrate at least cancer stem cells, but cannot completely eliminate cancer cells that are mixed non-stem cells, and further ingenuity is required to isolate cancer stem cells. It was done.

特開2004−267167号公報JP 2004-267167 A 特開2000−4900号公報Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2000-4900 安本 茂、外1名、“ヒト上皮幹細胞と上皮構成細胞の再生能力”、実験医学増刊、2001年、第19巻、第15号、p.2034−2041Shigeru Yasumoto, 1 other, “Regenerative ability of human epithelial stem cells and epithelial constituent cells”, Experimental Medicine Extra Number, 2001, Vol. 19, No. 15, p. 2034-2041 OKAMURA,T.et al “Oncogene”,2003,22,p.4017−4026OKAMURA, T .; et al "Oncogene", 2003, 22, p. 4017-4026

本発明は、上記現状に鑑み、癌幹細胞を選択的に培養することができる培養方法、該培養方法により選択された癌幹細胞、該癌幹細胞を用いた特異的発現遺伝子および選択的阻害物質のスクリーニング法、および、該スクリーニング法により選択された癌幹細胞の特異的発見遺伝子および選択的阻害物質を提供することを目的とする。   In view of the above situation, the present invention provides a culture method capable of selectively culturing cancer stem cells, cancer stem cells selected by the culture method, screening for specific expression genes and selective inhibitors using the cancer stem cells. It is an object of the present invention to provide a specific discovery gene and a selective inhibitor of cancer stem cells selected by the screening method.

本発明者らは前記課題を解決すべく鋭意研究の結果、腫瘍増殖因子β(Tumor growth factor(TGFβ ))と腫瘍壊死因子α(Tumor necrosis factor α(TNFα))を含有する培養液を用いて癌幹細胞を培養することにより、癌幹細胞を選択し、かつ培養することができることを見出し、本発明を完成させるに至った。   As a result of intensive studies to solve the above problems, the present inventors have used a culture solution containing tumor growth factor β (Tumor growth factor (TGFβ)) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα). The inventors have found that cancer stem cells can be selected and cultured by culturing cancer stem cells, and the present invention has been completed.

即ち、本発明は
(1)腫瘍増殖因子βと腫瘍壊死因子αとを含有する培養液を用い、培養期間を5日以上とする癌幹細胞の培養方法(但し、血清を含有しない培養液を除く)。
(2)癌細胞と癌幹細胞の混在した状態から癌幹細胞のみを選択して培養することを特徴とする(1)に記載の癌幹細胞の培養方法、
(3)培養液における腫瘍増殖因子βと腫瘍壊死因子αの濃度がそれぞれ0.1〜1000ng/mLであることを特徴とする前記(1)又は(2)記載の癌幹細胞の培養方法、
(4)癌幹細胞がヒトパピローマウイルス16の癌ウイルス遺伝子を導入して不死化させた子宮頸部上皮細胞である前記(1)ないし(3)のいずれか一項に記載の培養液を用いる培養方法、
(5)前記(1)ないし(4)のいずれか一項に記載の癌幹細胞の培養方法により選択される癌幹細胞、
(6)前記(5)記載の癌幹細胞を用いた特異的発現遺伝子のスクリーニング法、
に関する。
That is, the present invention is (1) a method for culturing cancer stem cells using a culture solution containing tumor growth factor β and tumor necrosis factor α and culturing for 5 days or longer (excluding a culture solution not containing serum). ).
(2) The method for culturing cancer stem cells according to (1), wherein only the cancer stem cells are selected and cultured from a mixed state of cancer cells and cancer stem cells,
(3) The method for culturing cancer stem cells according to (1) or (2) above, wherein the concentrations of tumor growth factor β and tumor necrosis factor α in the culture solution are 0.1 to 1000 ng / mL,
(4) The culture method using the culture solution according to any one of (1) to (3), wherein the cancer stem cells are cervical epithelial cells immortalized by introducing a cancer virus gene of human papillomavirus 16. ,
(5) Cancer stem cells selected by the method for culturing cancer stem cells according to any one of (1) to (4),
(6) A screening method for a specific expression gene using the cancer stem cell according to (5),
About.

本発明によれば、癌幹細胞の選択的な培養方法、該培養方法により選択された癌幹細胞、該癌幹細胞を用いた特異的発現遺伝子および選択的阻害物質のスクリーニング法、および、該スクリーニング法により選択された癌幹細胞の特異的発現遺伝子および選択的阻害物質を提供できる。本発明は、TGFβとTNFαを含有する培養液を用いる癌幹細胞の培養方法、および、選択された癌幹細胞を用いた特異的発現遺伝子および選択的阻害剤のスクリーニング法である。
以下に本発明を詳述する。
According to the present invention, a method for selectively culturing cancer stem cells, a cancer stem cell selected by the culture method, a screening method for a specific expression gene and a selective inhibitor using the cancer stem cell, and the screening method Specific expression genes and selective inhibitors of selected cancer stem cells can be provided. The present invention is a method for culturing cancer stem cells using a culture solution containing TGFβ and TNFα, and a screening method for specific expressed genes and selective inhibitors using selected cancer stem cells.
The present invention is described in detail below.

本発明は、癌幹細胞、一般的には、動物由来上皮系の癌細胞を培養液中で培養するに当たって、腫瘍増殖因子β(TGFβ)と腫瘍壊死因子α(TNFα)を組み合わせて添加することによって、癌幹細胞を含む組織片から癌幹細胞を選択的に培養可能であるという知見に基づくものである。
なお、本明細書において使用する用語「TGFβ」および「TNFα」とは、各々腫瘍増殖因子β(Tumor growth factor(TGFβ ))と腫瘍壊死因子α(Tumor necrosis factor α(TNFα))を意味し、組み換えDNA等により人工的に製造された非天然由来の腫瘍増殖因子βおよび腫瘍壊死因子αを包含することを意味する。
上記TGFβおよびTNFαにおいて、由来する動物種は特に限定されず(例えばヒト由来)、組み換えDNAを作製してこれを発現させることにより製造したものを用いてもよく、また市販のものを用いてもよい。上記TGFβおよびTNFαのうち市販のものとしては、例えば、「RecombinantTGFβ」および「RecombinantTNFα」(Peprotech社製)等が挙げられる。
これらの「TGFβ」および「TNFα」は、PCR等で合成した遺伝子配列が既知のものが好ましい。
The present invention relates to the addition of tumor growth factor β (TGFβ) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) in combination when culturing cancer stem cells, generally animal-derived epithelial cancer cells, in a culture medium. This is based on the knowledge that cancer stem cells can be selectively cultured from a tissue piece containing cancer stem cells.
The terms “TGFβ” and “TNFα” used in the present specification mean tumor growth factor β (Tumor growth factor (TGFβ)) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), respectively. It is meant to include non-naturally occurring tumor growth factor β and tumor necrosis factor α which are artificially produced by recombinant DNA or the like.
In TGFβ and TNFα, the animal species from which they are derived is not particularly limited (for example, derived from humans), and those produced by producing recombinant DNA and expressing it may be used, or commercially available ones may be used. Good. Examples of commercially available TGFβ and TNFα include “Recombinant TGFβ” and “Recombinant TNFα” (manufactured by Peprotech).
These “TGFβ” and “TNFα” are preferably those with known gene sequences synthesized by PCR or the like.

上記培養液中におけるTGFβとTNFαの濃度は特に限定されないが、それぞれ好ましい下限は、0.1ng/mL、好ましい上限は1000ng/mLである。0.1ng/mL未満であると、癌細胞から癌幹細胞が充分に選択されないことがあり、1000ng/mLを超えると、もはやそれ以上添加しても癌幹細胞の選択に影響せず、培養のコストが上昇することがある。より好ましい下限は1ng/mL、より好ましい上限は100ng/mLである。   The concentrations of TGFβ and TNFα in the culture medium are not particularly limited, but a preferable lower limit is 0.1 ng / mL and a preferable upper limit is 1000 ng / mL. If it is less than 0.1 ng / mL, cancer stem cells may not be sufficiently selected from cancer cells. If it exceeds 1000 ng / mL, the addition of more than that will not affect the selection of cancer stem cells, and the cost of culture May rise. A more preferable lower limit is 1 ng / mL, and a more preferable upper limit is 100 ng / mL.

本発明に使用可能な培養液は、癌幹細胞を溶液培養するのに使用できる培養液であれば特に限定されるものではなく、例えばEGF、Insulin、Transferin、コルチコステロイドおよび脳下垂体抽出物等のサプリメントを加えた従来公知の基礎培養液又はこれらの混合物を培養液として用いることができる。EGFの濃度は特に限定されないが、0.1〜10ng/mL、好ましくは2.5〜8.0ng/mL、より好ましくは4.0〜6.0ng/mLである。Insulinの濃度は特に限定されないが、0.1〜10ng/mL、好ましくは2.5〜8.0ng/mL、より好ましくは4.0〜6.0ng/mLである。Transferinの濃度は特に限定されないが、0.1〜100ng/mL、好ましくは5.0〜15.0ng/mL、より好ましくは8.0〜12.0ng/mLである。コルチコステロイドの濃度は特に限定されないが、0.01〜10μM、好ましくは0.1〜5.0μM、より好ましくは0.1〜1.0μMである。脳下垂体抽出物の濃度は特に限定されないが、0.1〜10ng/mL、好ましくは3.0〜9.0ng/mL、より好ましくは5.0〜8.0ng/mLである。
公知の基礎培養液としては、癌幹細胞のもととなる癌細胞の培養に適したものであれば特に限定されないが、例えばMCDB153培地、イーグル培養液(EMEM)、ダルベッコ改変イーグル培養液(DMEM)、ハムF12培養液、RPMI1640培養液、McCoy’s 5a medium、等が挙げられる。この中ではMCDB153培地(以下細胞培養培地ともいう)が好ましい。
培養液の具体例としては、EGF:5ng/mL、Insulin:5ng/mL、Transferin:10ng/mL、コルチコステロイド:0.2μM、脳下垂体抽出物:6.25μg/mLを加えたMCDB153培地が挙げられる。
The culture medium that can be used in the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it can be used for culturing cancer stem cells. For example, EGF, Insulin, Transferin, corticosteroid, pituitary extract, etc. A conventionally known basic culture solution or a mixture of these supplements can be used as the culture solution. The concentration of EGF is not particularly limited, but is 0.1 to 10 ng / mL, preferably 2.5 to 8.0 ng / mL, and more preferably 4.0 to 6.0 ng / mL. The concentration of Insulin is not particularly limited, but is 0.1 to 10 ng / mL, preferably 2.5 to 8.0 ng / mL, more preferably 4.0 to 6.0 ng / mL. The concentration of Transferin is not particularly limited, but is 0.1 to 100 ng / mL, preferably 5.0 to 15.0 ng / mL, and more preferably 8.0 to 12.0 ng / mL. The concentration of the corticosteroid is not particularly limited, but is 0.01 to 10 μM, preferably 0.1 to 5.0 μM, more preferably 0.1 to 1.0 μM. The concentration of the pituitary extract is not particularly limited, but is 0.1 to 10 ng / mL, preferably 3.0 to 9.0 ng / mL, more preferably 5.0 to 8.0 ng / mL.
The known basic culture solution is not particularly limited as long as it is suitable for culturing cancer cells that are the basis of cancer stem cells. For example, MCDB153 medium, Eagle culture solution (EMEM), Dulbecco's modified Eagle culture solution (DMEM) Ham F12 culture solution, RPMI 1640 culture solution, McCoy's 5a medium, and the like. Among these, MCDB153 medium (hereinafter also referred to as cell culture medium) is preferable.
Specific examples of the culture solution include MCDB153 medium supplemented with EGF: 5 ng / mL, Insulin: 5 ng / mL, Transferin: 10 ng / mL, corticosteroid: 0.2 μM, pituitary extract: 6.25 μg / mL Is mentioned.

上記培養液は血清を含有しないことが好ましい。TGFβとTNFαの他、血清に含まれる増殖因子、サイトカイン等が、幹細胞の選択および増殖に影響を与える可能性があるためである。しかし、癌幹細胞の選択および増殖に影響を与えないほど血清の濃度が十分に低ければ、血清の使用は妨げられない。すなわち、本明細書において血清を含有しない培養液とは、血清を含まないあるいは癌幹細胞の選択および増殖に影響を与えない程度に含有することを意味する。   The culture medium preferably does not contain serum. This is because growth factors, cytokines, and the like contained in serum in addition to TGFβ and TNFα may affect the selection and proliferation of stem cells. However, the use of serum is not hindered if the serum concentration is low enough not to affect the selection and growth of cancer stem cells. That is, in the present specification, the culture solution not containing serum means containing serum to an extent that does not contain serum or does not affect the selection and proliferation of cancer stem cells.

上記癌幹細胞とは、従来公知のマーカー、例えば本発明者のうちの一人が見出した上皮系がん幹細胞マーカーp75NTRを発現する幹細胞、一般には癌幹細胞発現マーカーを発現する上皮系の癌幹細胞を意味するものであり、例えば、子宮頸癌ウイルスであるヒトパピローマウイルス16の癌ウイルス遺伝子を導入して不死化させた子宮頸部上皮細胞株で、上皮幹細胞マーカーp75NTRを発現する細胞を挙げることができるが、これに限定されるものではない。
上記癌幹細胞のもととなる癌細胞は、市販のHeLa細胞などの癌細胞株を用いてもよく、また、SV40などの癌ウイルス遺伝子もしくはRasなどの癌遺伝子を導入した細胞や、癌組織から採取・株化した細胞などを用いてもよい。組織からの細胞の採取は、従来公知の方法により採取することができる。例えば、組織からコラゲナーゼ、ディスパーゼ等による酵素処理により細胞を分離し、適切な培地を用いて増殖させて使用することができる。幹細胞の同定法としては、インテグリンα6、インテグリンβ1、Notch1およびp63等の上皮幹細胞表面マーカーやSPなどを用いても解析することができる。
本発明の培養方法の対象となる癌幹細胞の由来は特に限定されず、ヒト、ブタ、サル、チンパンジー、イヌ、ウシ、ウサギ、ラット、マウス等の哺乳動物;鳥類等に由来するものを用いることができる。なかでも薬理化合物・生理活性物質のスクリーニングの目的にはヒト由来のものが好ましい。
本発明の癌幹細胞の培養方法において、培養条件は、培養液中で癌幹細胞を選択的に培養できる条件、すなわち通常の細胞培養条件と同一であることができる。例えば、ヒトパピローマウイルス16の癌ウイルス遺伝子を導入して不死化させた子宮頸部上皮細胞等のヒト由来細胞である場合、約37℃、5%CO環境下で溶液培養を行うことができる。
コンフレントになった細胞は0.05%〜0.5%のトリプシンおよび0.005%〜0.05%EDTAを含むリン酸緩衝液(PBS)に37℃の環境下で浸すことで培養容器から剥がすことができる。遠心分離(500rpm〜1500rpm、3分〜10分)して回収した細胞の数を計測した後、コンフレントの状態から1/4〜1/10に培養液を用いて希釈し、新しい培養容器に移して培養することができる。継代間隔は細胞の状態によって適宜調節することができるが、好ましくは3〜5日である。
The above cancer stem cell means a conventionally known marker, for example, a stem cell that expresses the epithelial cancer stem cell marker p75NTR found by one of the present inventors, generally an epithelial cancer stem cell that expresses a cancer stem cell expression marker. Examples thereof include uterine cervical epithelial cell lines that have been immortalized by introducing the cancer virus gene of human papillomavirus 16, which is a cervical cancer virus, and can express cells expressing the epithelial stem cell marker p75NTR. However, the present invention is not limited to this.
The cancer cell that is the basis of the cancer stem cell may be a cancer cell line such as a commercially available HeLa cell, or from a cell into which a cancer virus gene such as SV40 or an oncogene such as Ras has been introduced, or from a cancer tissue. Collected and established cells may be used. Cells can be collected from the tissue by a conventionally known method. For example, the cells can be separated from the tissue by enzyme treatment with collagenase, dispase or the like, and can be grown using an appropriate medium for use. Stem cell identification can also be performed using epithelial stem cell surface markers such as integrin α6, integrin β1, Notch1 and p63, SP, and the like.
The origin of the cancer stem cells that are the subject of the culture method of the present invention is not particularly limited, and mammals such as humans, pigs, monkeys, chimpanzees, dogs, cows, rabbits, rats, and mice; Can do. Of these, those derived from humans are preferred for the purpose of screening for pharmacological compounds and physiologically active substances.
In the method for culturing cancer stem cells of the present invention, the culture conditions can be the same as the conditions under which cancer stem cells can be selectively cultured in a culture solution, that is, normal cell culture conditions. For example, in the case of human-derived cells such as cervical epithelial cells that have been immortalized by introducing the cancer virus gene of human papillomavirus 16, solution culture can be performed in an environment of about 37 ° C. and 5% CO 2 .
The confluent cells were immersed in a phosphate buffer (PBS) containing 0.05% to 0.5% trypsin and 0.005% to 0.05% EDTA in a 37 ° C. environment from the culture vessel. Can be peeled off. After counting the number of cells recovered by centrifugation (500 rpm to 1500 rpm, 3 minutes to 10 minutes), dilute from the confluent state to 1/4 to 1/10 with the culture solution and transfer to a new culture vessel. Can be cultured. The passage interval can be appropriately adjusted depending on the state of the cells, but is preferably 3 to 5 days.

本発明の培養方法によれば、無血清系であっても良好に癌幹細胞を選択的に培養することができる。本発明の培養方法により培養した癌幹細胞は、血清による影響がないことから、幹細胞特異的発現遺伝子および発現タンパク質の解析、幹細胞特異的薬理化合物および生理活性物質のスクリーニングなどに有用である。   According to the culture method of the present invention, cancer stem cells can be selectively cultured well even in a serum-free system. Since cancer stem cells cultured by the culture method of the present invention are not affected by serum, they are useful for analyzing stem cell-specific expressed genes and expressed proteins, screening for stem cell-specific pharmacological compounds and physiologically active substances, and the like.

本発明の癌幹細胞を用いた癌幹細胞特異的に発現する遺伝子のスクリーニング法は特に限定されず、DNAマイクロアレイ法等による発現遺伝子解析法などが挙げられる。本発明のスクリーニング法により同定された癌幹細胞特異的発現遺伝子、この遺伝子にストリンジェントな条件でハイブリダイズするDNAおよびこの遺伝子の発現を抑制するRNAもまた、本発明の1つである。この遺伝子にストリンジェントな条件でハイブリダイズするDNAとは、例えば、ハイブリダイゼーション溶液(50mM トリス−塩酸(pH7.5)、1M 塩化ナトリウム、1%ドデシル硫酸ナトリウム、10%デキストラン硫酸、0.2mg/mL酵母RNA、0.2mg/mLサケ精子DNA)中で遺伝子を転写したメンブランを65℃にて、1時間保温し、プレハイブリダイゼーションとし、次に、放射性同位体標識した cDNA断片を放射性同位体量にして100万dpm/ml となるように添加し、65℃にて、16時間保温することにより、ハイブリダイゼーションを行う。続いて、このメンブランを、0.1%ドデシル硫酸ナトリウム を含む2×SSC溶液(300mM 塩化ナトリウム、30mM クエン酸三ナトリウム)中で、65℃にて、30分間洗浄した後、オートラジオグラフィーで解析した際にX線フィルム上でハイブリダイズが確認されるものである。
遺伝子の発現を抑制するRNAとは遺伝子もしくはその転写産物、または転写調節因子の全体又は部分に対してアンチセンスであり、癌幹細胞特異的遺伝子もしくはタンパク質の発現を阻害できる、siRNAなどのRNA配列、リボザイム等をいう。
A screening method for a gene specifically expressed in cancer stem cells using the cancer stem cell of the present invention is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include an expression gene analysis method using a DNA microarray method and the like. The cancer stem cell-specific expression gene identified by the screening method of the present invention, DNA that hybridizes to this gene under stringent conditions, and RNA that suppresses the expression of this gene are also one aspect of the present invention. The DNA that hybridizes to this gene under stringent conditions includes, for example, a hybridization solution (50 mM Tris-HCl (pH 7.5), 1 M sodium chloride, 1% sodium dodecyl sulfate, 10% dextran sulfate, 0.2 mg / The membrane in which the gene was transcribed in mL yeast RNA, 0.2 mg / mL salmon sperm DNA) was incubated at 65 ° C. for 1 hour for prehybridization, and then the radioisotope-labeled cDNA fragment was radioactive isotope. Hybridization is performed by adding the amount to 1 million dpm / ml and incubating at 65 ° C. for 16 hours. Subsequently, this membrane was washed in 2 × SSC solution (300 mM sodium chloride, 30 mM trisodium citrate) containing 0.1% sodium dodecyl sulfate at 65 ° C. for 30 minutes, and then analyzed by autoradiography. When this is done, hybridization is confirmed on the X-ray film.
RNA that suppresses gene expression is an RNA sequence such as siRNA that is antisense to the gene or its transcription product, or all or part of a transcriptional regulatory factor, and can inhibit the expression of a cancer stem cell-specific gene or protein, This refers to ribozymes and the like.

本発明の癌幹細胞特異的発現遺伝子を発現せしめる遺伝子を含む組換え体プラスミドを構築することで、該遺伝子を大腸菌などに導入し安定に保持させることが可能である。この際プラスミドとしては、一般に使われるものはすべて使用可能であるが、例えば、pBluescript KS(+)等がある。これらプラスミドを必要に応じて適当な制限酵素などで切断した後、適当なベクターに接続し、大腸菌用、昆虫細胞用、動物細胞用、トランスジェニック動物作成用のベクターとすることが出来る。動物細胞発現用ベクターとしては、pDEST26等のプラスミドをベクターとして使用すればよい。上記の組換え体プラスミドを、適当な宿主に導入して、形質転換体または形質導入体を構築することが出来る。大腸菌、酵母、昆虫、哺乳類細胞が使用可能である。   By constructing a recombinant plasmid containing a gene that expresses the cancer stem cell-specific expression gene of the present invention, it is possible to introduce the gene into Escherichia coli or the like and stably maintain it. In this case, all commonly used plasmids can be used, and examples thereof include pBluescript KS (+). These plasmids can be cleaved with an appropriate restriction enzyme, if necessary, and then connected to an appropriate vector to be used as a vector for Escherichia coli, insect cells, animal cells, or transgenic animals. As an animal cell expression vector, a plasmid such as pDEST26 may be used as the vector. The above recombinant plasmid can be introduced into a suitable host to construct a transformant or a transductant. Escherichia coli, yeast, insects and mammalian cells can be used.

本発明は、本発明の癌幹細胞を用いた、癌幹細胞特異的に発現するタンパク質のスクリーニング法も提供する。該スクリーニング法とは例えば、液体クロマトグラフィーもしくは二次元ディファレンス電気泳動技術と質量分析計を組み合わせた発現タンパク質の解析やプロテインチップ解析などを挙げることができる。これらのスクリーニング法により癌幹細胞特異的に発現するタンパク質を同定することができる。
またこのようにして同定されたタンパク質を用いて抗体を作成することができる。ここで抗体とは、モノクローナル抗体・ポリクローナル抗体、抗血清のいずれをも指す。該タンパク質に対するモノクローナル抗体は、抗原として癌幹細胞に特異的に発現するマウス、ラット等に感作した後に抗体産生細胞を採取し、抗体産生細胞とハイブリドーマ細胞と融合し、この融合細胞の培養上清から得ることができる。抗血清は、例えば、癌幹細胞特異的に発現するタンパク質を完全フロイドアジュバンド又は不完全フロイドアジュバンド等のアジュバンドを用いて懸濁し、ウサギ、ラット等の動物に皮下投与もしくは筋肉内投与を数回行った後、採取した血液から血清を分離し、該タンパク質に対する抗血清が得られる。また、本発明の抗体の作製に用いられる癌幹細胞特異的に発現するタンパク質は、癌幹細胞から調製したものでも該タンパク質のアミノ酸配列に基づき、ペプチド合成機による化学合成したものであってもよく、その由来は問わない。このようにして得られた抗体は、癌幹細胞特異的に発現するタンパク質を認識するため、癌幹細胞の選択や、後述する本発明を用いた新規薬剤のスクリーニング法において癌幹細胞特異的に発現するタンパク質の発現の確認等に有効に利用することができる。しかしながら、本発明の抗体の用途はこれに限定されるものではない。
The present invention also provides a method for screening a protein specifically expressed in cancer stem cells, using the cancer stem cells of the present invention. Examples of the screening method include analysis of expressed protein, protein chip analysis and the like combining liquid chromatography or two-dimensional difference electrophoresis technique and a mass spectrometer. By these screening methods, proteins expressed specifically in cancer stem cells can be identified.
An antibody can be prepared using the protein thus identified. Here, the antibody refers to both monoclonal antibodies, polyclonal antibodies, and antisera. A monoclonal antibody against the protein is obtained by sensitizing a mouse, rat, or the like that is specifically expressed in cancer stem cells as an antigen, and then collecting the antibody-producing cells, fusing the antibody-producing cells with hybridoma cells, Can be obtained from For example, antiserum is obtained by suspending a protein specifically expressed in cancer stem cells using an adjuvant such as complete floyd adjuvant or incomplete floyd adjuvant, and then subjecting it to subcutaneous or intramuscular administration to animals such as rabbits and rats. After the round, serum is separated from the collected blood, and an antiserum against the protein is obtained. In addition, the cancer stem cell-specific protein used for producing the antibody of the present invention may be prepared from cancer stem cells or chemically synthesized by a peptide synthesizer based on the amino acid sequence of the protein, Its origin does not matter. The antibody thus obtained recognizes a protein expressed specifically in cancer stem cells. Therefore, the protein expressed specifically in cancer stem cells in the selection of cancer stem cells or in the screening method for novel drugs using the present invention described later. It can be used effectively for confirmation of the expression of However, the use of the antibody of the present invention is not limited to this.

本発明では、本発明の癌幹細胞を用いた新規薬剤のスクリーニング法が提供される。例えば、本発明の癌幹細胞と幹細胞ではない癌細胞とを用い、両細胞の増殖の阻害に差がある化合物のうち、癌幹細胞の増殖を特異的に抑制する化合物をスクリーニングすることによって、癌幹細胞特異的な増殖阻害物質を発見することが出来る。また、本発明の癌幹細胞特異的遺伝子もしくは特異的発現タンパク質の発現や機能を阻害する薬剤をスクリーニングすることによって、癌幹細胞特異的な発現もしくは機能の阻害物質を発見することが出来る。サンプルとしては、例えば微生物二次代謝産物を用いても良いし、合成した化合物を用いても良い。本発明の癌幹細胞を用いた新規薬剤のスクリーニング法により選択された薬剤は、新規制癌剤となると期待される。
従って、本発明は、本発明で培養される癌幹細胞に対する測定しようとする成分(抗がん剤の単一成分や天然物等の混合物を含む成分)の癌幹細胞に対する影響を評価する方法まで拡大される。
The present invention provides a method for screening a novel drug using the cancer stem cells of the present invention. For example, by using a cancer stem cell of the present invention and a cancer cell that is not a stem cell, by screening for a compound that specifically suppresses the growth of cancer stem cells among the compounds that are different in the inhibition of the growth of both cells, the cancer stem cells Specific growth inhibitors can be discovered. In addition, by screening for a drug that inhibits the expression or function of the cancer stem cell-specific gene or specific expression protein of the present invention, an inhibitor of cancer stem cell-specific expression or function can be discovered. As the sample, for example, a microbial secondary metabolite may be used, or a synthesized compound may be used. The drug selected by the novel drug screening method using the cancer stem cells of the present invention is expected to be a newly regulated cancer drug.
Therefore, the present invention extends to a method for evaluating the influence on cancer stem cells of components to be measured on cancer stem cells cultured in the present invention (components including a single component of an anticancer agent or a mixture of natural products). Is done.

以下に実施例を掲げて本発明を更に詳しく説明するが、本発明はこれら実施例のみに限定されるものではない。なお、実施例において、TGFβとTNFαを含有する培養液を幹細胞選択培地という。   Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to examples. However, the present invention is not limited to these examples. In the examples, a culture solution containing TGFβ and TNFα is referred to as a stem cell selection medium.

(実施例1)(比較例1)
ヒト子宮頸部上皮細胞にヒトパピローマウイルス癌遺伝子を遺伝子導入して不死化した細胞株NCE16細胞を得た(「Ohta Y.,Tsutsumi K.,Kikuchi K.and Yasumoto S.“Two distinct human uterine cervical epithelial cell lines established after transfection with human papillomavirus 16 DNA.” Jpn.J.Cancer Res.1997;88(7):p.644−651.」参照)。NCE16細胞から、幹細胞マーカーのp75NTRに対する抗体を用いた磁性細胞分離法(ミルテニーバイオテック社製)を用いて、p75NTR陽性細胞である「NCE16N+細胞」とp75NTR陰性細胞である「NCE16N−細胞」を得た。これらの細胞をEGF:5ng/mL、Insulin:5ng/mL、Transferin:10ng/mL、コルチコステロイド:0.2μM、脳下垂体抽出物:6.25μg/mLを添加したMCDP153(以下細胞培養培地という)に懸濁した細胞懸濁液を調製し、チャンバースライドに5.0×10cells/シャーレの濃度になるように播種し、37℃、5%CO環境下で24時間培養して細胞を培養プレートに接着させた。
次いで、培養液を、TNFαとTGFβをいずれも添加していない細胞培養培地、10ng/mLTNFα(Peprotech社製)のみをさらに添加した細胞培養培地、10ng/mLTGFβ(Peprotech社製)のみをさらに添加した細胞培養培地、およびTNFαとTGFβの濃度がいずれも10ng/mLである幹細胞選択培地1.0mLと交換した。5日後にTUNEL法により細胞死を赤色蛍光で検出した。
添加TNFαとTGFβの組み合わせによる、「NCE16N+細胞」または「NCE16N−細胞」の生存の違いを図1に示した。無添加の細胞培養培地、及びTNFα又はTGFβのみを添加した細胞培養培地で培養した「NCE16N+細胞」と「NCE16N−細胞」では生存に差は見られなかったが、幹細胞選択培地で培養した「NCE16N+細胞」と「NCE16N−細胞」とでは、「NCE16N+細胞」では細胞死が観察されなかったのに対し、「NCE16N−細胞」では多くの細胞死が観察された。
(Example 1) (Comparative Example 1)
A human papillomavirus oncogene was introduced into human cervical epithelial cells to obtain an immortal cell line NCE16 cells ("Ohta Y., Tsutsumi K., Kikuchi K. and Yasumoto S." Two distinct human cerebral cerebellar cerebellar cell lines Established after transfection with human papillomavirus 16 DNA. "Jpn. J. Cancer Res. 1997; 88 (7): p. 644-651."). By using a magnetic cell separation method (produced by Miltenyi Biotech) using an antibody against the stem cell marker p75 NTR from NCE16 cells, “NCE16N + cells” that are p75NTR positive cells and “NCE16N− cells that are p75 NTR negative cells” " MCDP153 to which these cells were added EGF: 5 ng / mL, Insulin: 5 ng / mL, Transferin: 10 ng / mL, corticosteroid: 0.2 μM, pituitary extract: 6.25 μg / mL (hereinafter cell culture medium) Cell suspension was prepared, seeded on a chamber slide to a concentration of 5.0 × 10 3 cells / petri dish, and cultured at 37 ° C. in a 5% CO 2 environment for 24 hours. Cells were allowed to adhere to the culture plate.
Subsequently, cell culture medium to which neither TNFα nor TGFβ was added, 10 ng / mL TNFα (manufactured by Peprotech) alone, and cell culture medium, 10 ng / mL TGFβ (manufactured by Peprotech) alone were further added. The cell culture medium and 1.0 mL of stem cell selection medium in which the concentrations of TNFα and TGFβ were both 10 ng / mL were exchanged. Five days later, cell death was detected with red fluorescence by the TUNEL method.
The difference in survival of “NCE16N + cells” or “NCE16N− cells” depending on the combination of added TNFα and TGFβ is shown in FIG. Although there was no difference in survival between “NCE16N + cells” and “NCE16N− cells” cultured in an additive-free cell culture medium and a cell culture medium supplemented with only TNFα or TGFβ, “NCE16N +” cultured in a stem cell selective medium. In “NCE16N− cells”, no cell death was observed in “NCE16N + cells”, whereas many cell deaths were observed in “NCE16N− cells”.

(実施例2)
「NCE16N+細胞」を細胞培養培地に懸濁した細胞懸濁液を調製し、60mm細胞培養シャーレに5.0×10cells/シャーレの濃度になるように播種し、37℃、5%CO環境下で24時間培養して細胞を培養プレートに接着させた。
次いで、培養液を幹細胞選択培地(TNFαとTGFβの濃度はいずれも10ng/mL)0.5mLに交換した。この時点を培養0週とした。その後6週間培養を続け、培養0、2、4および6週の細胞数を測定し、またp75NTRの発現をフローサイトメトリーで解析した。
細胞数の変化を図2に、p75NTRの発現の変化を図3に示した。「NCE16N+細胞」は培養後第4週から6週にかけて10倍以上の数に増殖した。これらの増殖した「NCE16N+細胞」はp75NTRを発現していた。
(Example 2)
A cell suspension is prepared by suspending “NCE16N + cells” in a cell culture medium, seeded in a 60 mm cell culture dish to a concentration of 5.0 × 10 4 cells / dish, 37 ° C., 5% CO 2. The cells were allowed to adhere to the culture plate by culturing in an environment for 24 hours.
Subsequently, the culture solution was replaced with 0.5 mL of a stem cell selection medium (the concentrations of TNFα and TGFβ were both 10 ng / mL). This time point was designated as week 0 of culture. Thereafter, the culture was continued for 6 weeks, the number of cells at 0, 2, 4 and 6 weeks of culture was measured, and the expression of p75 NTR was analyzed by flow cytometry.
The change in the number of cells is shown in FIG. 2, and the change in the expression of p75 NTR is shown in FIG. “NCE16N + cells” proliferated 10 times or more from the 4th to 6th week after culturing. These expanded “NCE16N + cells” expressed p75 NTR .

(比較例2)
「NCE16N−細胞」について、実施例2と同様にして播種・接着し、6週間培養を続け、培養0、2、4および6週の細胞数を測定した。
細胞数の変化を図2に示した。「NCE16N−細胞」は増殖せず、第2週において死滅した。
(Comparative Example 2)
“NCE16N-cell” was seeded and adhered in the same manner as in Example 2, and the culture was continued for 6 weeks. The number of cells at 0, 2, 4 and 6 weeks of culture was measured.
The change in cell number is shown in FIG. “NCE16N-cells” did not proliferate and died in the second week.

(実施例3)
「NCE16N+細胞」を、細胞培養培地又は幹細胞選択培地で6週間培養した。6週間後の「NCE16N+細胞」におけるp75NTRのmRNA発現量をPCRで解析し、ヒト全遺伝子の発現量の比較をDNAマイクロアレイ解析(Human Genome U133 Plus 2.0 Array(株式会社バイオマトリックス研究所))で解析した。
p75NTRのmRNA発現を図4に、全ゲノムアレイ解析の結果を図5に示した。「NCE16N+細胞」を幹細胞選択培地で培養するとp75NTRのmRNA発現が認められたが、細胞培養培地で培養するとp75NTRのmRNA発現は認められなかった。
(Example 3)
“NCE16N + cells” were cultured in cell culture medium or stem cell selection medium for 6 weeks. The mRNA expression level of p75 NTR in “NCE16N + cells” after 6 weeks was analyzed by PCR, and the expression level of all human genes was compared by DNA microarray analysis (Human Genome U133 Plus 2.0 Array (Biomatrix Laboratories) ).
The mRNA expression of p75 NTR is shown in FIG. 4, and the results of whole genome array analysis are shown in FIG. When "NCE16N + cells" were cultured in a stem cell selective medium, p75 NTR mRNA expression was observed, but when cultured in cell culture medium, p75 NTR mRNA expression was not observed.

(比較例3)
「NCE16N−細胞」を、細胞培養培地で6週間培養した。6週間後のp75NTRのmRNA発現量を実施例3と同様にPCRで解析した。
p75NTRのmRNA発現を図4に示した。「NCE16N−細胞」においてp75NTRのmRNA発現は認められなかった。
(Comparative Example 3)
“NCE16N-cells” were cultured in cell culture medium for 6 weeks. The mRNA expression level of p75 NTR after 6 weeks was analyzed by PCR as in Example 3.
The mRNA expression of p75 NTR is shown in FIG. P75 NTR mRNA expression was not observed in “NCE16N-cells”.

実施例1及び2より、本発明の培養液は本発明の癌幹細胞を選択的に生存させ、培養することができることが明らかである。これらの事実から、癌細胞と癌幹細胞の混在した状態、例えば組織片等から本発明の培養液を用いて、癌幹細胞のみを選択できることは明らかであり、組織片からの癌幹細胞の選択も本発明の培養方法によって容易に行うことができることが判る。また、本発明の培養液で本発明の癌幹細胞を培養することにより、上皮幹細胞マーカーであるp75NTRの発現が維持されることも明白である。本発明の癌幹細胞は実施例3で示されるように、多くの本発明の特異的発現遺伝子を発現していることから、それら遺伝子の発現を調節する薬理化合物・生理活性物質のスクリーニングに有用である。また、これら遺伝子からは本発明の特異的発現タンパク質を得ることもできる。本発明の特異的発現遺伝子の中には、現在の癌治療法に対する抵抗性の原因遺伝子があると考えられる。よって本発明により、新たな癌治療の標的遺伝子・標的タンパク質が提供され、新たな癌治療剤となる薬理化合物・生理活性物質のスクリーニングも可能である。 From Examples 1 and 2, it is clear that the culture solution of the present invention can selectively survive and culture the cancer stem cells of the present invention. From these facts, it is clear that only cancer stem cells can be selected from a mixed state of cancer cells and cancer stem cells, for example, tissue pieces using the culture solution of the present invention, and selection of cancer stem cells from tissue pieces is also possible. It can be seen that it can be easily performed by the culture method of the invention. It is also clear that the expression of p75 NTR , an epithelial stem cell marker, is maintained by culturing the cancer stem cells of the present invention in the culture medium of the present invention. As shown in Example 3, the cancer stem cells of the present invention express many specific expression genes of the present invention, which is useful for screening pharmacological compounds and physiologically active substances that regulate the expression of these genes. is there. Moreover, the specific expression protein of this invention can also be obtained from these genes. Among the specifically expressed genes of the present invention, it is considered that there are genes responsible for resistance to current cancer treatment methods. Therefore, according to the present invention, a new target gene / target protein for cancer treatment is provided, and a pharmacological compound / physiologically active substance to be a new cancer therapeutic agent can be screened.

実施例1において、「NCE16N+細胞」と「NCE16N−細胞」における添加TNFαとTGFβの組み合わせによる細胞生存の違いを示す図である。In Example 1, it is a figure which shows the difference in the cell survival by the combination of the addition TNF (alpha) and TGF (beta) in "NCE16N + cell" and "NCE16N- cell". 実施例2および比較例2において培養0、2、4および6週の細胞数の変化を示す図である。In Example 2 and Comparative Example 2, it is a figure which shows the change of the cell number of culture | cultivation 0, 2, 4, and 6 weeks. 実施例2および比較例2において培養0、2、4および6週のp75NTR発現の変化を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the change of p75 NTR expression of culture | cultivation 0, 2, 4, and 6 weeks in Example 2 and Comparative Example 2. FIG. 実施例3において培養培地と選択培地で培養後の「NCE16N+細胞」のp75NTR発現の差を示す図である。In Example 3, it is a figure which shows the difference of p75 NTR expression of "NCE16N + cell" after culture | cultivation with a culture medium and a selection medium. 実施例3において培養培地と選択培地で培養後の「NCE16N+細胞」の遺伝子発現の差をDNAマイクロアレイで解析した結果を示す図である。各ドットは発現遺伝子を示し、中央線は、培養培地と選択培地で培養後の遺伝子発現が変わらないもの、それより上にあるドットは発現が増大した遺伝子、下にあるドットは発現が減少した遺伝子を示す。中央線より上部にある線は4倍の遺伝子発現増大、下部にある線は1/4の遺伝子発現低下の境界を示す。In Example 3, it is a figure which shows the result of having analyzed the difference in the gene expression of "NCE16N + cell" after culture | cultivating with a culture medium and a selection medium with the DNA microarray. Each dot represents an expressed gene, the center line shows the gene expression after culture in the culture medium and the selective medium, the dot above it is the gene with increased expression, the dot below is the expression decreased Indicates a gene. The line above the center line shows a 4-fold increase in gene expression, and the line below the line shows a 1/4 gene expression decrease boundary.

Claims (6)

腫瘍増殖因子βと腫瘍壊死因子αとを含有する培養液を用い、培養期間を5日以上とする癌幹細胞の培養方法(但し、血清を含有しない培養液を除く)。   A method of culturing cancer stem cells using a culture solution containing tumor growth factor β and tumor necrosis factor α and culturing for 5 days or longer (excluding a culture solution not containing serum). 癌細胞と癌幹細胞の混在した状態から癌幹細胞のみを選択して培養することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の癌幹細胞の培養方法。   The method for culturing cancer stem cells according to claim 1, wherein only the cancer stem cells are selected and cultured from a state in which cancer cells and cancer stem cells are mixed. 培養液における腫瘍増殖因子βと腫瘍壊死因子αの濃度がそれぞれ0.1〜1000ng/mLであることを特徴とする請求項1又は請求項2記載の癌幹細胞の培養方法。   The method for culturing cancer stem cells according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the concentrations of tumor growth factor β and tumor necrosis factor α in the culture solution are 0.1 to 1000 ng / mL, respectively. 癌幹細胞がヒトパピローマウイルス16の癌ウイルス遺伝子を導入して不死化させた子宮頸部上皮細胞である請求項1ないし請求項3のいずれか一項に記載の培養液を用いる培養方法。   The culture method using the culture solution according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the cancer stem cells are cervical epithelial cells immortalized by introducing an oncovirus gene of human papillomavirus 16. 請求項1ないし4のいずれか一項に記載の癌幹細胞の培養方法により選択される癌幹細胞。   Cancer stem cells selected by the method for culturing cancer stem cells according to any one of claims 1 to 4. 請求項5記載の癌幹細胞を用いた特異的発現遺伝子のスクリーニング法。   A method for screening a specific expression gene using the cancer stem cell according to claim 5.
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