JP2012173130A - Mirror adjustment tool, structure state change detection system, and structure state change detection method - Google Patents

Abstract

A structure change detection system and structure change detection method capable of effectively monitoring a state of a natural structure or an artificial structure at a low cost, and a structure is equipped with a mirror, and angle adjustment is performed with high accuracy. Provide mirror adjustment jig.
A target including a light emitting means, a mirror, and a mirror adjusting jig for supporting and adjusting the mirror, and whether or not light emitted from the light emitting means is reflected by the mirror and reaches an observation point. By detecting the deformation of the structure. The mirror adjustment jig is a pillar to be embedded or fixed in the structure, a mirror support part for fixing the mirror, and a leg part provided on the mirror support part to be inserted and filled with a solidifying material. Adjusts the tilt angle of the mirror support part, the leg support part that can fix the mirror support part, the arm part that supports the mirror support part at one end, and is connected and fixed to the column or leg support part at the other end. It consists of a possible angle adjustment mechanism.
[Selection] Figure 1

Description

  The present invention relates to a deformation detection system and a deformation detection for easily monitoring the state of a structure for the purpose of detecting the occurrence and progress of the deformation of a natural structure and an artificial structure on site or an increase in the risk level. It is about the method.

  In Japan, three-quarters of the country is covered with mountains, and there are about 90,000 slope failure points (hereinafter referred to as dangerous slopes), landslide risk points, debris flow risk points, rockfall risk points, etc. It is said that there are 210,000 earth and sand disaster hazards, especially during heavy rains, earthquakes, and slope construction.

  Under such circumstances, slope disaster prevention measures are efficiently implemented from areas with a high risk of collapse, equipment is installed to detect the occurrence of disasters and their signs, and information is provided to road users and neighboring residents according to the degree of danger. There is a need to provide. For this purpose, monitoring systems, data transfer systems, real-time data analysis systems, notification systems for residents, etc. have been developed and are steadily producing results.

However, while the risk of disasters caused by natural phenomena is basically unchanged, the maintenance budget for disaster countermeasures may have decreased, for example, even in the case of dangerous slopes that require treatment. The actual situation is that the maintenance rate is still about 20% of the total.
Of these, only a limited number of places are equipped with real-time data analysis and notification systems for residents.

On the other hand, for the measurement management of dangerous slopes etc. currently performed at each site, a plurality of measuring instruments are installed on the main section, and the management reference value is set based on the design calculation document, for example, the first warning value to the third warning value. It is set in three stages up to the value, manual measurement or automatic measurement is performed, and data is organized by a computer in the management office. And the measurement staff judges the behavior such as slope failure from those measurement results.
For example, when the measured value exceeds the management reference value, the general management method is to issue a warning or an evacuation command in consultation with the orderer when the staff conducts a field survey and determines that it is dangerous. In addition, if the control standard value is not exceeded, a report is submitted to the orderer as a weekly or monthly report, and at the end of the construction, the final report is submitted as measurement data associated with the construction.

  Under such circumstances, Yodogawa, one of the inventors, has already provided vital monitoring data indispensable to protect citizens and construction personnel from disaster prevention such as landslides in real time to neighboring parties (residents, field workers, etc.). In order to disclose information, a device that displays relative displacement between arbitrary observation points in the color of light has been proposed (Patent Document 1). The proposed device is intended to perform operations such as safety management during construction work, maintenance of infrastructure in service, disaster prevention, mitigation, and effective assessment of earthquake damage. Also, for this purpose, it has been found that an approach that measures deformation and inclination, converts the result into visual information (for example, the color of light) and displays it at that location is effective. There is a case of wanting to publish limited visual information.

JP 2008-309784 A

  Even if there is a situation where the above-mentioned deformation of natural structures and artificial structures is progressing and the safety of the site continues to decline, methods and systems for detecting it reasonably and economically are still under development. It is in. For this reason, with regard to natural structures and artificial structures, there is a need for a method and system for detecting the occurrence / progress of deformation on the site or an increase in the risk due to safety issues.

  Currently, there is a problem that a system installed on the site of a dangerous slope cannot be installed in all the places where the danger is already known because the equipment cost is high. The above-mentioned problems are not limited to examples of dangerous slopes, but monitoring and safety management during construction and operation of other natural structures, civil engineering structures, building structures, and related construction machines It exists in the system as well.

Further, as described above, in some cases, it may be necessary to perform limited visual information disclosure on site.
For example, those responsible for managing infrastructure at the national level, such as roads, railways, and energy-related facilities (such as nuclear power plants), have an enormous scope and quantity, so if anomalies are discovered early, First of all, only managers recognize it, and if those abnormalities progress, there is a background that they want to disclose the information to the residents as the second stage.

In view of the above situation, a first object of the present invention is to provide a structure deformation detection system and a structure deformation detection method capable of effectively monitoring the state of a natural structure or an artificial structure at a low cost. It is.
In the structure deformation detection system and the structure deformation detection method according to the present invention, a mirror is used as will be described later, and it is required to adjust and fix the angle of the mirror at a target position with high accuracy. Accordingly, a second object of the present invention can be suitably used in the above-described structure deformation detection system and structure deformation detection method, and is capable of mirror adjustment with a high precision angle adjustment and fixing of the mirror at the target position. Is to provide the ingredients.

  In the present specification, the term “natural structure” is used as a term meaning a part of natural landform formed by soil materials such as roadsides, natural slopes around residential areas, natural river embankments, and rocks. Natural structures also include snow in heavy snowfall areas. The artificial structure means a civil engineering structure, a building structure, and a construction machine used when constructing them. Civil engineering structures include bridges, steel towers for transmission and communication, dams, tunnels, embankments, landfills, artificial river dikes, artificial slopes, etc. Building structures are ordinary houses, high-rise buildings, public buildings ( Museums, schools, train stations, gymnasiums, etc.), large windmills for power generation, large-scale leisure facilities (concert halls, sports stadiums, ferris wheels, roller coaster rails, etc.), temporary structures for event venues, etc. In addition, the construction machine refers to a machine that requires an operator, such as a large crane or a large heavy machine, and in which residents or workers may approach the vicinity during the construction.

In order to achieve the above object, the mirror adjusting jig of the present invention has the following constituents 1) to 5).
1) Support column embedded or fixed in the structure 2) Mirror support part for fixing the mirror 3) Provided on the support column, by inserting the leg part provided on the mirror support part and filling the inside with the solidification material, Leg support part 4 that can fix the mirror support part 4) Angle adjustment part that can adjust the tilt angle of the mirror support part 5) Arm that supports the angle adjustment part at one end and is connected and fixed to the column or leg support part at the other end Part

  According to such a configuration, the mirror can be adjusted and fixed at a target position with high accuracy, and is suitable for a structure deformation detection system and a structure deformation detection method for monitoring the state of a natural structure and an artificial structure. Can be used.

  The structure of 1) is a natural structure or an artificial structure. Moreover, a support | pillar can be embed | buried or fixed to a structure and is formed with a hard material. For example, a metal such as a reinforcing bar or a hard resin can be suitably used. Moreover, the shape of the support column is not particularly limited, but may be a pipe shape and may be appropriately designed to be embedded or fixed in the structure.

The mirror 2) is used in the sense of reflecting light efficiently. The mirror includes not only a plane mirror but also a convex mirror. Moreover, the mirror support part which fixes a mirror may be fixed, for example, by sandwiching the side surface of the mirror, or may be fixed by being fitted to the back surface of the mirror.
Moreover, it is preferable that a mirror and a mirror support part are removable. Thus, when adjusting the angle of the mirror, the convex mirror is first attached to the mirror support, and after roughly adjusting the angle of the mirror, the convex mirror is removed, and the flat mirror Can be attached. Since the mirror can be removed, the mirror can be maintained and replaced.

The leg receiving part of the above 3) may be provided at any part of the support including the end of the support. The shape of the leg receiving portion may be any structure as long as the upper surface is opened and an object can be accommodated therein, such as a tray shape or a receiving tube shape. The leg support part is configured to fix the mirror support part by inserting the leg part of the mirror support part therein and filling the inside with a solidifying material.
Further, the solidifying material 3) is not particularly limited, but for example, cement or cement-based solidifying material can be suitably used. Here, the cement-based solidified material is a solidified material containing cement as a component, and Portland cement, blast furnace cement, or the like can be used.
In addition, the leg portion provided on the mirror support portion may be, for example, one leg or two legs, or one having a pedestal at the end of the leg.

  The angle adjusting unit 4) includes a mechanism that can adjust the tilt angle of the mirror support unit. For example, the tilt angle of the mirror support portion may be arbitrarily adjusted by combining the rotation of the horizontal axis and the rotation of the vertical axis. Alternatively, the end portion of the arm portion may be formed in a spherical curved surface, and a concave portion that is in sliding contact with the spherical curved surface may be provided on the back surface of the mirror support portion, so that the tilt angle of the mirror support portion is arbitrarily adjusted. For example, by using an angle adjustment unit that combines the rotation of the horizontal axis and the rotation of the vertical axis, it is possible to adjust the left / right / front / rear tilt angles as viewed from the front of the mirror.

The arm part of 5) includes an arm part that supports the angle adjusting part at one end and is connected and fixed to the column at the other end, or an arm part that is connected and fixed to the leg receiving part at the other end. Supporting the angle adjustment unit at one end means that the angle adjustment unit is supported by being hung from above the angle adjustment unit, or supported from the side surface or the back surface of the angle adjustment unit.
Here, specifically, the angle adjustment unit includes a first part that is pivotally attached to a side part of one side of the mirror support part or two side parts that face each other, the first part, and the arm part. And the second part to which the shaft is attached, and the rotation angle of the mirror support part can be adjusted by rotating the shafts of the first part and the second part.
According to the angle adjusting unit having such a configuration, the tilt angle of the mirror support unit can be adjusted by rotating the shafts of the first part and the second part. To pivotally attach the side surface portion of one side of the mirror support portion means to pivotally attach any one of the upper side surface, the left side surface, and the right side surface toward the mirror. In addition, the fact that the side surfaces of the two opposite sides of the mirror support portion are axially attached means that the upper and lower side surfaces or the left and right side surfaces are axially attached toward the mirror. In consideration of more stability, it is preferable to axially attach the side surfaces of the two opposite sides of the mirror support portion.

  The angle adjustment unit preferably further includes an angle halving mechanism that makes the rotation angle of the shaft of the second part a half of the operation angle. By using the angle halving mechanism, for example, when a rotation operation is performed from the A direction to the B direction, the axis of the second part is automatically rotated to an angle that is ½ of the operation angle. Thereby, the mirror axis of the mirror is aligned with the middle direction of the A direction and the B direction. For example, when there is a light source in the A direction, light from the light source reflected by the mirror travels in the B direction.

The above-described mirror support section preferably includes a fine adjustment mechanism that finely adjusts the mirror axis angle of the mirror. Specifically, the fine adjustment mechanism includes a stay provided on the back surface of the mirror and a leg portion. The support member provided behind the stay is supported by three set screws, and the tip of any one set screw is formed in a spherical curved surface, and a recess that is in sliding contact with the spherical curved surface is formed. It is provided on the back of the stay.
According to such a configuration, the tip of the set screw is in sliding contact with the inner surface of the recess, so that the mirror can be held swingably on the support member.

The fine adjustment mechanism in the mirror support part is provided separately from the angle adjustment part of the mirror support part for the following reason.
At the time of installation of the mirror, the attitude of the mirror support part that supports the mirror, that is, the inclination angle is adjusted by the angle adjustment part. After the angle adjustment, the leg part of the mirror support part is inserted into the leg support part, the inside of the leg support part is filled with a solidifying material, and the mirror support part is fixed. Therefore, after the mirror support part is fixed, it cannot be adjusted by the angle adjustment part. Therefore, a mirror fine adjustment mechanism is provided in the mirror support portion. This fine adjustment mechanism does not adjust the posture of the fixed mirror support portion, but finely adjusts the posture of the mirror itself supported by the mirror support portion. This is because it is assumed that there may be a case where fine adjustment of the mirror may be necessary after fixing the mirror support portion.

In the above-described mirror adjustment jig, it is preferable that the front surface of the mirror is covered with a light shielding member for adjusting the mirror area. This is because by providing the light shielding member, it is possible to easily adjust the size and shape of the mirror arbitrarily. As the light shielding member, a light shielding seal adhered to the mirror surface can be suitably used.
In the above-described mirror adjustment jig, it is preferable that a slide mechanism that can slide in the axial direction of the support column is further provided between the angle adjustment unit and the arm. By using this slide mechanism, the position of the mirror can be adjusted in the up-down direction when viewed from the front of the mirror when the column is erected perpendicularly to the ground, for example, when the column is erected vertically.
With the angle adjustment unit that combines the rotation of the horizontal axis and the rotation of the vertical axis and the slide mechanism described above, the mirror attitude can be viewed from the front of the mirror in the three-axis attitude of up / down slide, left / right rotation, and front / rear rotation. Can be controlled.

Next, the structure deformation detection system of the present invention, which has been invented to effectively monitor the state of natural structures and artificial structures at low cost, will be described.
The structural deformation detection system of the present invention includes a target including a light emitting unit, a mirror, and a mirror adjustment jig for supporting and adjusting the mirror, and light emitted from the light emitting unit is reflected on the mirror, This is a system that detects the deformation of the structure based on whether or not the observation point is reached and the color of the light that has arrived.

The structure deformation detection system using light has already been developed by the inventor as disclosed in Patent Document 1 described above. However, in some cases, in some cases, it may be necessary to perform limited visual information disclosure. An extremely low-cost system that meets this purpose is the structural deformation detection system of the present invention.
That is, according to the structural deformation detection system of the present invention, for example, when the owner or the owner intends to allow only a specific worker to effectively grasp the degree of structural deformation, the light and mirror are used. It is possible to monitor the change in the state of the structure at low cost.
Here, in the structure deformation detection system of the present invention described above, the target provided with the light emitting means includes those in which the light emitting means itself is the target and those in which the light of the light emitting means is irradiated to the target. Used in meaning. Examples of the target provided with the light emitting means include a light emitting panel itself composed of light emitting diodes (LEDs), and a light source that is illuminated and brightened by using a searchlight or a fluorescent lamp near a colored signboard.

The mirror adjustment jig in the structural deformation detection system of the present invention includes an auxiliary mirror in which the mirror surfaces of the mirror are orthogonal, and the auxiliary mirror is disposed at the upper or lower position of the mirror. Is preferred. With such a configuration, it is possible to efficiently and roughly adjust the angle of the mirror using the shape of the light source that can be directly seen from the intersection of the mirror and the auxiliary mirror and the image of the observation point that is reflected by the auxiliary mirror. .
Further, the mirror adjustment jig can finely adjust the mirror angle by elastically deforming a pillar embedded or fixed in a structure by applying an external force. The external force is a moment of force generated by a vertically downward force generated by attaching a weight or the like to a column or a horizontal force obtained by using a pulley. For example, when a strut is elastically deformed by applying an external force, a horizontal branch is provided on a rigid bar that stands vertically, and a weight is suspended from the branch, and the force is transmitted directly vertically downward. In other words, by generating a moment of force obtained by transmitting in a horizontal direction through a pulley, the vertical rod is caused to undergo elastic deformation by bending or elastic rotational deformation by torsion.

  Moreover, it is preferable that the light emission means in the structure deformation detection system of the present invention described above can be switched between a constantly lit state and a blinking state. Being able to switch to the blinking state makes it easier to grasp the target at the observation point. In addition, since it can be switched to the blinking state, it becomes easy to grasp the state change of the structure provided with the mirror at the observation point and the target point.

  Moreover, it is preferable that the light emission means in the structural deformation detection system of the present invention is composed of a plurality of light sources of different colors, and each light source is arranged on a concentric circle. Alternatively, it is preferable that the target in the above-described structural deformation detection system of the present invention has a concentric pattern drawn in different colors and the pattern is irradiated with light from the light emitting means. As a result, it is possible to grasp the direction of deformation (mainly meaning inclination) of the structure provided with the mirror at the observation point.

  Moreover, it is preferable that the light emission means in the structural deformation detection system of the present invention is configured by a panel light source that is color-coded into a plurality of quadrants. Alternatively, it is preferable that the target in the structural deformation detection system of the present invention described above is color-coded into quadrants with different colors and the light of the light emitting means is irradiated onto the quadrants. This makes it possible to grasp the direction of deformation of the structure equipped with the mirror at the observation point.

  In the structure deformation detection system of the present invention described above, the mirror adjustment jig for supporting and adjusting the mirror can adjust and fix the mirror to the structure. For example, the mirror adjustment jig of the present invention described above can be fixed. A tool can be used suitably.

  In the structural deformation detection system of the present invention, it is preferable that a light receiving means is provided at the observation point and an alarm is output when no light is received within a predetermined interval. Thereby, it becomes easy to grasp the state change of the structure at the observation point. That is, when light is not received within a predetermined interval, it is recognized that a displacement has occurred in a structure equipped with a mirror, and an alarm is automatically generated. Here, the alarm means sound notification or alarm signal output to the outside.

  In the structural deformation detection system of the present invention, a light receiving unit having a different color wavelength is provided at the observation point, and an alarm corresponding to the received color wavelength is output when light of a specific color wavelength is received. More preferably. This makes it possible to classify alarms according to the target color (light reception wavelength).

  In the structure deformation detection system of the present invention described above, it is further preferable that camera means and communication means are provided at the observation point so that an image reflected on the mirror at the observation point can be monitored at a remote place. As a result, it is possible to construct a system that captures a target that emits light with a camera and remotely monitors the deformation of a structure equipped with a mirror.

  In the structure deformation detection system of the present invention, it is more preferable that the target placement point and the observation point are the same point on the plan view. By setting the target placement point and the observation point as the same point, the mirror posture can be easily adjusted. That is, since the target installation point and the observation point are the same, the angle of the mirror can be adjusted by aligning a straight line connecting the mirror installation point and the target installation point on the mirror axis. There is also an advantage that the target and the observation device can be integrated.

In the structural deformation detection system of the present invention, a plurality of mirrors and mirror adjustment jigs are set, and the mirrors and mirror adjustment jigs are attached to a plurality of points of the structural object to be monitored for deformation. The attitude of each mirror is adjusted in advance so that the irradiation light is reflected on each mirror and reaches the observation point, and whether or not the irradiation light of the light emitting means is reflected on each mirror and reaches the observation point. It is preferable to detect the deformation of the structure by determining the color of the light reaching the case. As a result, when the structure covers a wide area such as a slope or a dam on the side road of the valley, mirrors are installed at a plurality of locations to monitor the wide area.
Here, there may be a plurality of structures. There may be a plurality of observation points.

Next, the structure deformation detection method of the present invention, which has been invented in order to effectively monitor the state of natural structures and artificial structures at low cost, will be described.
In the structure deformation detection method of the present invention, a target having a light emitting means is provided in a non-moving region, a mirror is attached to the structure to be monitored for deformation, and light emitted from the light emitting means is reflected by the mirror and reaches the observation point. The orientation of the mirror is adjusted in advance so that the irradiation light of the light emitting means is reflected on the mirror and reaches the observation point, or the color of the light that reaches the observation point is determined. Detect deformation.
According to this method, it is possible to monitor the state change of the structure at low cost by using light and a mirror when only a specific worker wants to effectively grasp the degree of deformation of the structure. It becomes possible.

  Moreover, it is preferable that the light emission means in the structure deformation detection method of the present invention described above can switch between a constantly lit state and a blinking state. Being able to switch to the blinking state makes it easier to grasp the target at the observation point. In addition, since it can be switched to the blinking state, it becomes easy to grasp the state change of the structure provided with the mirror at the observation point and the target point.

  Moreover, it is preferable that the light emission means in the structure deformation | transformation detection method of said invention is comprised with the light source of several different colors, and each light source is arrange | positioned on the concentric periphery. Alternatively, it is preferable that the target in the above-described structural deformation detection method of the present invention has a concentric pattern drawn in different colors and is irradiated with light from the light emitting means. This makes it possible to grasp the direction of displacement of the structure equipped with the mirror at the observation point.

  Moreover, it is preferable that the light-emitting means in the structure deformation detection method of the present invention is composed of panel light sources that are color-coded into a plurality of quadrants. Alternatively, it is preferable that the target in the structure deformation detection method of the present invention described above is color-coded into quadrants with different colors and the light of the light emitting means is irradiated to the quadrants. This makes it possible to grasp the direction of displacement of the structure equipped with the mirror at the observation point.

  In the structural deformation detection method of the present invention described above, it is more preferable that the target disposition point and the observation point are the same point on the plan view. By setting the target placement point and the observation point as the same point, the mirror posture can be easily adjusted. That is, since the target installation point and the observation point are the same, the angle of the mirror can be adjusted by aligning a straight line connecting the mirror installation point and the target installation point on the mirror axis. There is also an advantage that the target and the observation device can be integrated.

In the structure deformation detection method of the present invention described above, a plurality of mirrors and mirror adjustment jigs are set, and the mirrors and mirror adjustment jigs are attached to a plurality of points of the structure to be monitored for deformation. The attitude of each mirror is adjusted in advance so that the irradiation light is reflected on each mirror and reaches the observation point, and whether or not the irradiation light of the light emitting means is reflected on each mirror and reaches the observation point. It is preferable to detect the deformation of the structure by determining the color of the light reaching the case. As a result, when the structure covers a wide area such as a slope or a dam on the side road of the valley, mirrors are installed at a plurality of locations to monitor the wide area.
Here, there may be a plurality of structures. There may be a plurality of observation points.

According to the structure change detection system and the structure change detection method of the present invention, it is possible to effectively monitor the state of a natural structure or an artificial structure at a low cost.
Further, according to the mirror adjusting jig of the present invention, the angle of the mirror provided to the structure can be adjusted and fixed at the target position with high accuracy.

Schematic diagram showing the basic elements of this structural deformation detection system Illustration of the basic concept of this structural deformation detection system (1) Illustration of the basic concept of this structural deformation detection system (2) Illustration of the basic concept of this structural deformation detection system (3) Diagram showing the line of sight passing through the center of a mirror placed at an arbitrary point Diagram showing the line of sight passing through the mirror ends Graph showing the target zone captured by the mirror The figure which shows that it can observe that a target shifts | deviates gradually to the right side in a mirror. (A) is a state where the target is projected at the center of the mirror in the initial state, and (b) is a state where the rotation angle of the mirror is 0.04 °. Explanatory drawing of the displacement accuracy of the state change of the structure to which the mirror is attached Explanatory diagram of line-of-sight shift due to mirror rotation A graph for calculating the size of the mirror where light is not reflected when the rotation angle of the mirror is 0.01 ° Diagram showing target consisting of light sources of multiple colors Illustration of how the color changes step by step The figure which shows an example of arrangement | positioning of the light source which can be caught as an absolute value of a rotation angle without depending on the rotation direction from the initial setting position of a mirror Diagram showing how the color of light reflected on the mirror can be controlled step by step Diagram showing a target consisting of a two-tone light source Diagram showing target consisting of four quadrant patterns Example of monitoring of deformation within the detection target area of one deformation Example of monitoring of deformation in the detection target area of multiple deformations Example of monitoring multiple deformation detection target areas at multiple observation points Illustration of mirror adjustment jig Schematic diagram of the back side of the mirror adjustment jig Schematic diagram of the side of the mirror adjustment jig Explanatory drawing of left and right angle halving mechanism in mirror adjustment jig 1 Explanation of the left and right angle halving mechanism in the mirror adjustment jig 2 Explanatory diagram of the left and right angle halving mechanism in the mirror adjustment jig 3 Illustration of integrated light source and observation device Explanatory drawing about the line-of-sight direction and auxiliary mirror functions Illustration for rough orientation Schematic view of the installation worker and the observer standing at the observation point The front view which makes the back of the mirror adjustment jig of other embodiments the front Plan view of FIG. Left side view of FIG. The right side view of FIG. Explanation of means for adjusting a minute angle FIG. FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram of means for adjusting a minute angle. Explanation of means for adjusting a minute angle FIG. Illustration of a special pole for adjusting a small angle

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. The scope of the present invention is not limited to the following examples and illustrated examples, and many changes and modifications can be made.

First, the basic concept of the structure change detection system and the structure change detection method of the present invention will be described.
FIG. 1 shows the basic elements of a structure change detection system and structure change detection method of the present invention. The basic elements are a mirror 1, a mirror adjusting jig 2 that supports and adjusts the mirror 1, a target 3 having a light emitting means, and an observation point 4. Among the targets 3 provided with the light emitting means, there are those where the light emitting means itself is the target, and those where the light of the light emitting means is irradiated to the target.

In FIG. 1, the light from the light emitting means is emitted in all directions, and the light (arrow 5) irradiated toward the mirror 1 is reflected by the mirror 1, and the reflected light from the mirror 1 reaches the observation point 4 ( Arrow 6).
Here, as the light emitting means, a light emitting diode (LED), a laser diode (LD), a laser such as a solid laser oscillator, a search light, a fluorescent lamp, or the like is used. Specifically, the target equipped with the light emitting means is a light emitting panel itself composed of light emitting diodes (LEDs) or a light that is brightened by using a searchlight or a fluorescent lamp near a colored signboard. is there. By using a search light or fluorescent lamp next to a colored signboard to illuminate and brighten the color, it is possible to reduce costs when the target is enlarged.

2-4 has shown the schematic diagram for demonstrating the basic concept of the structure change detection system of this invention, and a structure change detection method.
In FIG. 2, the center (Xm, Ym) of the mirror 1 is arranged at a distance d1 from the observation point 4, and the distance from the center to the center of the target 3 is d2. In the figure, the left side of the vertical line is an open space, and the target 3 and the observation point 4 are arranged on the vertical line.

  FIG. 3 shows the mirror 1 and the area reflected on the mirror. The mirror 1 has a predetermined width S. A state in which the target 3 is seen as viewed from the observation point 4 is an initial state. It is assumed that the target 3 is in the vicinity of the center of the target area (from Ta to Tb) reflected on the mirror 1. The lines in FIGS. 3 and 4 indicate where the line of sight is captured from the observation point 4 through both ends of the mirror 1.

In FIG. 3, a case is considered in which the mirror 1 is fixed to a structure such as a mountain slope or a dam, and an inclination θm is generated at the fixed portion. In that case, the place reflected in the mirror 1 changes for those who are at the observation point 4 in the immobile area.
FIG. 4 shows a state where θm has a constant magnitude and the target 3 that has been observed in the initial state of FIG. 3 is no longer observed.
By using the principle described above, a system and method for monitoring the deformation of a low-cost structure can be easily implemented on the condition that the light emitting means and the observation point 4 are installed in the immovable region.

The procedure for monitoring the deformation of the structure is the following steps 1 to 4.
(Step 1) A target having a light emitting means is provided in the immovable region.
(Step 2) A mirror is attached to the structure to be monitored for deformation.
In this case, even if it is not one place, it is possible to monitor deformation at each place by attaching it to a plurality of places.
(Step 3) At the designated observation point, the mirror posture is adjusted so that the irradiation light of the light emitting means is reflected by the mirror and reaches the observation point. That is, the direction of each mirror is adjusted so that the target is reflected on all mirrors. Only one jig is required for adjustment, and after installation in one place, it is used for installation in different places one after another.
(Step 4) The deformation of the structure can be detected by determining whether or not the light emitted from the light emitting means is reflected by the mirror and reaches the observation point, or by determining the color of the light that has reached the observation point. That is, if it stands again at the observation point and it is confirmed that the target is not reflected on the mirror, it can be visually confirmed that an angle change of a certain value or more has occurred at the location where the mirror is attached.

FIG. 5 is a diagram geometrically showing a line of sight passing through the center of a mirror placed at an arbitrary point. In FIG. 5, the observation point is assumed to be the origin (0, 0), and a mirror having an angle of θm is installed clockwise from the vertical at an arbitrary point (x, y). At this time, when the center of the mirror is viewed from the observation point, it is assumed that the target (x _t , y _t ) is observed. In this case, the geometric relationship, y coordinates y _t of the target point is given by the following equation.

(Equation 1)
y _t = y _m − (x _t −x _m ) tan (θm− (π / 2−β)) (Expression 1)

Using the relationship of Equation 1, the points Ta and Tb that reach the target line (x = x _t ) from the observation point through the left and right ends of the mirror are obtained.
FIG. 6 is a diagram geometrically showing a line of sight passing through both ends of the mirror. In FIG. 6, a mirror having a length of 40 mm with the origin as the observation point is arranged so that the center of the mirror is at a position (−20 m, 10 m). At this time, when the mirror is observed from the observation point, a range (length 120 mm) from Ta to Tb on the target line is observed.

FIG. 7 shows the target zone at x = 20 m captured by the mirror when the clockwise rotation is applied to the mirror from this state to 0.04 °. In the graph of FIG. 7, the horizontal axis indicates the rotation angle of the mirror, and the vertical axis indicates the Y coordinate of the range reflected by the mirror (the range between Ta and Tb in FIG. 6).
A target having a width of about 10 mm is prepared, and initial setting is performed so that the target is reflected at the center of the mirror. Thereafter, as the rotation angle of the mirror increases, the target zone shifts downward in the graph of FIG. 7 while keeping its width substantially constant. At this time, at the observation point, as shown in FIG. 8, it can be observed that the target gradually shifts to the right side in the mirror. Here, FIG. 8A shows a state in which the target is projected at the center of the mirror in the initial state. FIG. 8B shows a state where the rotation angle of the mirror is about 0.04 °. As shown in FIGS. 8 (a) and 8 (b), when the zone projected by the rotation of the mirror shifts and the rotation angle of the mirror reaches about 0.04 °, all the targets having a width of 10 mm are all mirror targets. Since it is out of the zone, the target reflected on the mirror at the observation point cannot be observed. At this point, it can be visually confirmed that there is a rotation of 0.04 ° in either direction at the location where the mirror is installed. Here, either direction means that the light source cannot be seen at substantially the same rotation angle whether the mirror rotates clockwise or vice versa.

  From the size of the mirror, the distance to the target, and the range reflected by the mirror (the range reflected by the mirror), the displacement accuracy of the deformation of the structure to which the mirror is attached is shown. As shown in FIG. 9, a mirror having a size (for example, a diameter when the mirror is circular) S is arranged at a distance d1 from the observation point, and a region S 'further away from the mirror by d2 is reflected. Assuming that In FIG. 9, in order to clarify the geometric relationship, it is illustrated in the form of projection instead of reflection.

  FIG. 10 illustrates a line-of-sight shift (that is, a point shift reflected in the mirror) due to the rotation of the mirror. Although A was initially visible from the observation point 4, the point that can be seen after the mirror 1 is rotated by α is A ′. At this time, the line of sight from the center of the mirror 1 to the target rotates by 2α from the original line. From this geometric relation, the following relational expression can be derived.

(Equation 2)
S = 2 tan (2α) d ₁ d ₂ / (d ₁ + d ₂ ) (Formula 2)

In Equation 2, S is the diameter of the mirror, α is the rotation angle of the mirror, d ₁ is the distance from the observation point to the center of the mirror, and d ₂ is the distance from the center of the mirror to the point first seen. .
Using Equation 2, the distance S from the observation point to the center position of the mirror and the distance from the mirror to the target can be determined, and the size S of the mirror for achieving the required accuracy can be determined. Therefore, the required accuracy is that the target cannot be observed with the mirror after the mirror is rotated many times, or the target color or shape that appears on the mirror when the mirror is rotated many times by crafting the target color or shape. Is that changing?

  FIG. 11 shows a graph for calculating the size of the mirror for preventing light from being reflected when the rotation angle of the mirror is 0.01 °. Here, the horizontal axis indicates the distance d2 between the mirror and the target, and the vertical axis indicates the size S of the mirror. The graph plots the case where the distance d1 between the mirror and the observation point is 10, 50, 100, 200, 300, 400 (m). For example, assuming that the distance d1 from the observation point to the mirror is 200 m and the distance d2 from the mirror to the target is 150 m, using a mirror with a mirror size (diameter) S of about 60 mm, the rotation angle is 0. It can be seen that a high-precision sensor capable of determining .01 ° can be constructed.

In addition, if the color of the light reflected on the mirror is changed according to the stage of the rotation of the mirror, the degree of deformation occurring at the mirror installation location can be captured in stages.
FIG. 12 shows an example of a target composed of light sources of a plurality of colors. Here, it is assumed that the rotation axis of the mirror is stable and the target zone reflected on the mirror moves only in one direction. _12, a target _{zone Z 20} is reflected in a mirror, L1, L2, L3 are three different colors of light sources. Now, the color of the light source L1 is green, the color of the light source L2 is yellow, and the color of the light source L3 is red.
As shown in FIG. 13, as a default setting, a green light source L1 is arranged at the center of the zone reflected on the mirror (state of FIG. 13A). When the mirror rotates, the zone moves, so that the color of the light reflected on the mirror changes to the yellow color of the light source L2 (state shown in FIG. 13B). Further, when the mirror is rotated, the zone further moves, so that the color of the light reflected on the mirror changes to the red color of the light source L3 (state shown in FIG. 13C). In this way, it is possible to construct a system that changes in steps of green, yellow, and red.

In general, it is difficult to predict in advance the rotation axis of a mirror attached to a structure.
Therefore, even if the direction of rotation of the mirror is arbitrary, the degree can be expressed, so that the arrangement pattern of the target light source is devised. FIG. 14 shows an example of the arrangement of light sources that can be captured as an absolute value of the rotation angle without depending on the rotation direction from the initial setting position of the mirror. As shown in FIG. 14, a plurality of circular light sources (31, 32, 33) having different diameters are constructed using a plurality of light sources. Different light sources with different diameters. Project this with a circular mirror. A circle 40 in FIG. 14 indicates a zone in which a circular mirror is reflected. Here, for example, the circular light source 31 has a green color, the circular light source 32 has a yellow color, and the circular light source 33 has a red color.
As shown in FIG. 15, in this pattern, the initial setting is green, and the color of the light reflected on the mirror is controlled stepwise in yellow (state in FIG. 15 (a)), red (state in FIG. 15 (b)). I understand that I can do it.

Further, the setting of the light source and the shape of the mirror can be freely set according to the purpose. By using the target composed of the two-tone light source (34, 35) shown in FIG. 16, it is possible to determine whether the mirror is rotating upward or downward.
In addition, by using the target composed of the four quadrant patterns shown in FIG. 17, it is possible to determine which area (36, 37, 38, 39) of the four quadrants the mirror zone 40 is moving to.
Thus, it is possible to set a free light source pattern and a mirror shape according to the situation of the application site.

  FIG. 18 shows a monitoring example of deformation at five points (1a, 1b, 1c, 1d, 1e) in one detection target area 5 prepared by preparing a light source to be one target 3 and one observation point 4. Indicates. Even if the number of points to be measured is increased, only the mirror is required. Therefore, the additional cost accompanying the increase in the number of measurement target points can be kept low. At the observation point, it is possible not only to observe with the naked eye, but also to record video with a digital camera or a video camera. Moreover, it is also possible to record changes in the color of light by processing these videos with image processing software.

  FIG. 19 shows an arrangement layout example of system components when there are a plurality of deformation detection target areas. In this example, assuming two regions (5a, 5b), for example, two landslide zones, five mirrors are installed in each region (1a to 1e, 1f to 1j). Although there are a total of 10 measurement target points, it can be seen that there are one light source and one observation point 4 as the target 3, and the cost can be minimized.

  FIG. 20 shows an example in which a plurality of deformation detection target areas are monitored at a plurality of observation points (4a, 4b). In principle, one observation point is sufficient. However, there may be cases where it is better to have multiple observation points depending on the actual situation of the observation work and various circumstances regarding the location. Even in this case, it will be understood that it is possible to construct a flexible system that can respond to various observation systems simply by changing the mirror installation angle.

Next, an embodiment of the mirror adjustment jig of the present invention will be described. FIG. 21 is a schematic configuration diagram of a mirror adjustment jig.
The mirror adjusting jig shown in FIG. 21 is composed of the following elements a) to e).
a) Prop 30 embedded in the structure
b) Mirror support 21 for fixing the mirror 1
c) A leg receiving portion 32 provided on the support column 30 and capable of fixing the mirror support portion 21 by inserting the leg portion 22 provided on the mirror support portion 21 and filling the solidified material 34 therein.
d) Angle adjusting unit 25 capable of adjusting the tilt angle of the mirror support unit 21.
e) An arm portion 27 that supports the angle adjusting portion 25 at one end and is connected and fixed to the support column 30 at the other end.

The support 30 in the above a) is a rod-shaped member formed of reinforcing bars. Embed and fix in structures of natural and artificial structures.
Further, the mirror support portion 21 of b) fixes the mirror by sandwiching the side surface of the mirror 1 of the plane mirror or by screwing the mirror holder from the rear.
Further, the leg receiving portion 32 of c) is provided at the upper end of the support column 30 or around the support column 30. Depending on the angle of the support column 30 installed on the ground, the leg receiving unit 32 may be installed beside the support column 30 using an attachment jig instead of the upper end. The shape of the leg receiving portion 32 is a receiving cylinder shape whose upper surface is opened. In the leg receiving portion 32, the leg portion 22 of the mirror support portion 21 is inserted. The mirror support 21 is fixed by filling the inside of the leg support 32 with a cement-based solidifying material 34.

The angle adjusting unit 25 of the above d) adjusts the inclination angle of the mirror support unit 21. The angle adjustment unit 25 has a U-shape, and is suspended from the vertical shaft 26 at one end 27 a of the arm unit 27. The angle adjustment unit 25 adjusts the left and right inclination angles by the rotation of the vertical shaft 26. Further, a member 23a attached to the left side surface of the mirror support portion 21 and a member 23b attached to the right side surface are respectively arranged on the left end portion 25a and the right end portion 25b of the U-shaped angle adjusting portion 25 and the horizontal axis (24a, 24b).
By combining the rotation of the horizontal shafts (24a, 24b) and the rotation of the vertical shaft 26, the tilt angle of the mirror support portion 21, that is, the tilt angle of the left and right and front and rear as viewed from the front of the mirror is arbitrarily adjusted.

  The arm part 27 of the above e) suspends and supports the angle adjusting part 25 at one end (27a). The arm portion 27 is connected and fixed at the other end (27c) via the support column 30 and the member 28. The member 28 is fixed to the fastening column 30 with screws.

Next, a fine adjustment mechanism in the mirror adjustment jig will be described with reference to FIGS. FIG. 22 is a structural schematic diagram of the back surface of the mirror adjustment jig. FIG. 23 is a schematic view of the structure of the side surface of the mirror adjustment jig.
As shown in FIG. 22, the fine adjustment mechanism in the mirror adjustment jig includes a stay 40 provided on the back surface of the mirror 1 and a support member 51 provided above the leg portion 22 with three set screws (52, 62). 72). Of the three set screws (52, 62, 72), the tip of one set screw 62 is formed into a spherical curved surface 67, and a recess 45 that is in sliding contact with the spherical curved surface 67 is provided on the back surface of the stay 40 (FIG. 23). See). Thereby, the spherical curved surface 67 at the tip of the set screw 62 is in sliding contact with the inner surface of the recess 45 to hold the mirror in a swingable manner.
In this case, as shown in FIG. 22, the member 23a attached to the left side surface of the support member 51 and the member 23b attached to the right side surface are the left end portion 25a and the right end portion 25b of the U-shaped angle adjusting unit 25. And are respectively attached by horizontal axes (24a, 24b).

As shown in FIG. 23, a set screw 62 having a spherical curved surface 67 at the tip is provided with a stopper 65 between a set screw support member 51. The other set screw 52 is provided with a spring 55 between the reinforcing member 43 and the support member 51 on the back surface of the stay 40. By turning the set screw 52 clockwise, the interval between the reinforcing member 43 and the support member 51 of the stay 40 can be increased. By adjusting the screws of the set screw 52 and the set screw 72, the angle of the mirror 41 fixed to the stay 40 can be finely adjusted.
In FIG. 23, the housing member 40 is circular when viewed from the front (left side in the figure), and has a structure in which a circular mirror 41 can be accommodated. 42a and 42b are one ring-shaped member. The members (42a, 42b) are screwed into thread grooves formed on the inner periphery of the housing member 40 so that the mirror 41 does not come off the housing member 40, thereby preventing the mirror 41 from falling off.

In Example 2, an embodiment of an angle halving mechanism in the mirror adjustment jig of Example 1 described above will be described. 24 to 26 are explanatory diagrams of the angle halving mechanism.
The angle halving mechanism is a mechanism in which the rotation angle of the vertical shaft 26 shown in FIG. 21 is set to a half of the operation angle in the angle adjustment unit 25 of the first embodiment.
That is, as shown in FIGS. 24 and 25, the angle halving mechanism is such that when the operator performs the rotation operation from the direction A to the direction of the target and from there to the direction B, which is the direction of the observation point. This is a mechanism in which a vertical axis 26 (not shown) automatically rotates at an angle of 1/2. By using this mechanism, it is possible to easily align the mirror axis of the mirror with the middle direction between the A direction with the target and the B direction with the observation point. Thereby, when there is a target light source in the A direction, the light of the light source reflected by the mirror travels in the B direction of the observation point.

The structure of the angle halving mechanism is composed of four gears (G1 to G4). The angle halving mechanism is located above the arm 72 and rotates about the axis 74. In the angle halving mechanism, there are two gears (G1, G4) having a common shaft center 74, and the shafts of these two gears are separated. The number of teeth and the diameter of the gear G1 and the gear G4 are different, and the gear G4 located above has a smaller number of teeth and a diameter than the gear G1 connected to the vertical shaft 26.
On the other hand, there is a gear G3 that meshes with the gear G4 located above. There is also a gear G2 that meshes with the gear G1 located below. These two gears have a common shaft center 75 and a common shaft. The gear G3 meshing with the upper gear G4 and the gear G2 meshing with the lower gear G1 have different numbers of teeth and diameters. Large number and diameter.

Then, when the gear G4 rotates, the gear G3 meshing with the gear G4 rotates, and the gear G2 having the same shaft as the gear G3 rotates so as to have the same rotation angle as the gear G3. When the gear G2 rotates, the gear G1 meshing with the gear G2 rotates, and the vertical shaft 26 connected to the gear G1 through the member 25 rotates by the same rotation angle as the gear G1. When the vertical shaft 26 is rotated, an angle adjusting portion (not shown) below it is rotated.
In Example 2, the number of teeth of the gears G1, G2, G3, and G4 is set to 75, 75, 100, and 50, respectively. In this case, when the gear G4 having 50 teeth rotates once, the gear G3 having 100 teeth meshing with the gear G4 rotates 0.5 times. The gear G2, which has the same shaft as the gear G3, rotates 0.5 times, which is the same as the rotation angle of the gear G3. When the gear G2 having 75 teeth is rotated 0.5 times, the gear G1 having the same number of teeth meshing with the gear G2 is also rotated 0.5 times.
Therefore, when the angle halving mechanism is rotated on the arm 27 around the axis 74, the rotation angle thereof is the rotation angle of the gear G4, so that the rotation angle of the gear 1 is half that of the gear 1 and the vertical axis of the gear 1 The angle adjusting unit connected through the pin 26 rotates at a half angle.

Embodiment 3 describes an apparatus in which a target light source and an observation device are integrated. FIG. 27 shows an external view of an integrated device of a light source and an observation device.
The light source itself becomes the target 3, and the light emitted from the light source is reflected by a mirror (not shown) and captured by a light receiver that becomes the observation point 4. The target 3 and the observation point 4 are installed on the horizontal bar 81. The horizontal bar 81 is fixed to the ground using a tripod (84, 85, 86). The distance between the target 3 and the observation point 4 is negligible compared to the distance between the target 3 and a mirror (not shown). In actual use, for example, the distance between the target 3 and the mirror is about 200 m, the distance between the target 3 and the observation point 4 is about 40 cm, and the ratio is about 500: 1. Therefore, the distance between the target 3 and the observation point 4 can be ignored, and the mirror angle can be adjusted assuming that the target 3 is substantially at the same point. Therefore, mirror adjustment becomes easy, and convenience of system installation work and adjustment work is improved.
Note that the distance between the target 3 and the observation point 4 is not limited to 40 cm, and may be closer, or may be about 1 m.

In the fourth embodiment, a method for improving the efficiency of installing the mirror will be described with reference to FIGS.
First, the line-of-sight direction of the installation worker when performing the installation work and the auxiliary mirror necessary for rationalizing the work of the installation worker will be described with reference to FIG. As shown in FIG. 28, the auxiliary mirror 102 and the main mirror 101 are connected so that the normal line of the auxiliary mirror 102 coincides with the x axis. At this time, the line of sight of the installation worker (which passes through the origin A) coincides with the line connecting the origin A and the light source 100, and a line connecting the origin A and the observation point 4 exists at a symmetrical position. Adjust the direction of the whole mirror.

In order to explain the adjustment operation of the direction of the entire mirror, a description will be given with reference to FIG. 29 in which the structure of the mirror is drawn slightly larger. As shown in FIG. 29, the normal line of the auxiliary mirror 102 (the mirror surface is on the right side) coincides with the x axis, and the main mirror 101 (the mirror surface is the back side in the drawing) coincides with the y axis.
At this time, if the center of the light source 100 (assuming that it is circular) is positioned beyond the line of sight, the installation worker can see the upper right quarter of the light source 100 (the portion indicated by 104 in FIG. 30 (1)). It will be. If the line of sight of the installation worker is bent by the auxiliary mirror 102 and the center of the observation point 4 (assumed to be a certain size of circle) comes to the end, the installation operator can set the upper left 1/4 of the observation point 4. (A portion indicated by 105 in FIG. 30 (1)) will be seen (see FIG. 30 (1)).
In this state, the observer standing at the observation point 4 will see the lower half of the light source 100 reflected in the center of the upper side of the main mirror 101 as shown in FIG.
That is, since the mirror that reflects the light source 100 has two orthogonal mirror surfaces, the mirror installation worker stands on the rear side (the side opposite to the light source 100 or the observation point 4 side) and geometrically The initial position of the mirror can be directed in the roughly correct direction by its own relationship. This is an important point for improving the efficiency of the mirror installation work.
However, this is a case where the mirror can be perfectly aligned, and there remains a problem that a certain amount of error is added to the actual installation work.

  Therefore, after the adjustment of the overall direction of the mirror is generally completed, the installation operator communicates with the observer standing at the observation point 4 while using the direction adjustment screw attached to the back side of the main mirror 101, The direction is adjusted so that the center of the light source 100 comes to the center of the main mirror 101. At this time, if the distance is large, the observer needs to use a telescope. By using the above method, the initial setting of the entire mirror direction is completed.

Next, a mirror adjusting jig provided with a direction adjusting screw on the back side of the mirror for fine adjustment in the vertical direction and the horizontal direction will be described. FIGS. 31 to 34 are diagrams for explaining the configuration of the mirror adjustment jig of the present embodiment, and each is a front view (where the portion corresponding to the back surface of the mirror adjustment jig of the first embodiment is the front surface). .), A plan view, a left side view, and a right side view.
Hereinafter, the mirror adjustment jig provided with the direction adjustment screw on the back side of the mirror will be described in detail.

FIG. 31 shows a mirror support 110 for attaching a mirror (not shown) and an angle adjustment mechanism for adjusting the tilt angle of the mirror support. The right and left direction adjustment mechanisms (130, 132a, 132b, 134, 136, and 138) and the left vertical adjustment mechanism (140, 142a, 142b, 144, 146, and 148) as shown in FIG. And arm portions (132a to 132d, 142a to 142b). The arm portion is connected to a column fixed to the structure through 120 holes.
Below, an angle adjustment mechanism is demonstrated in detail with reference to FIGS.
As shown in FIG. 32, the mirror support portion 110 is attached to the arm portions (132b, 142b) via the side pieces (112, 114) standing on both sides, with the pins (134, 144) serving as the rotation axis. ing.

  The left-right direction adjustment mechanism (130, 132a, 132b, 134, 136, 138) connects the member 136 attached to the mirror support part 110 with the arm part (132a) by the spring 138, and at the screw head of the adjustment screw 130. The angle in the left-right direction can be adjusted. As shown in FIG. 34, when the member 136 is moved to the right in FIG. 34 by the screw head of the adjustment screw 130, the pin 134 can be slid in the right direction through the long slit hole 132d provided in the arm portion 132b. It is like that. Further, when the screw head of the adjustment screw 130 is moved in the left direction in FIG. 34, the member 136 is pulled by the spring 138 and moved in the left direction, and the pin 134 slides and moves in the left direction through the slit hole 132d.

The vertical adjustment mechanism (140, 142a, 142b, 144, 146, 148) connects the member 146 attached to the mirror support part 110 with the arm part (142a) by the spring 148, and at the screw head of the adjustment screw 140. The angle in the vertical direction can be adjusted. As shown in FIG. 33, when the member 146 is moved to the left in FIG. 33 by the screw head of the adjustment screw 140, the mirror support part 110 can rotate clockwise around the pin 144 and the pin 134 as the rotation axis. Yes. When the screw head of the adjustment screw 140 is moved in the right direction in FIG. 33, the member 146 is pulled by the spring 148, and the mirror support portion 110 rotates counterclockwise around the pin 144 and the pin 134 as rotation axes.
Here, the member 146 has an arcuate shape as shown in FIG. 33 so that a force is always applied perpendicularly to the surface of the member 146 even when the mirror support portion rotates.

  It is preferable that the mirror has a standard angle adjustment function, and the supporting column that supports the mirror has an angle adjustment function that enables fine angle adjustment. Generally, when adjusting the angle with a surveying instrument, it is common knowledge to install a tripod and use the angle adjustment function of the surveying instrument to be mounted on the tripod. At that time, it is assumed that the tripod does not move. Considering a commonly used surveying instrument with a reading speed of about 20 seconds, the minimum adjustment angle is 20 seconds, that is, 1/60 of 1 °, 20 times of 1/60. This is about 0.0056 ° in terms of angle. It is required that the mirror can be easily installed even if the distance from the observer to the mirror is on the order of km.

  For example, when it is desired to finely adjust the mirror angle on the order of 0.001 ° level, an accuracy five times higher than the highest level of this normal surveying instrument is required. By the way, this angle is a very small angle of 1.74 mm at a location 1 km away or 8.7 mm at a location 5 km away. Thus, when the distance from the observer to the mirror is on the order of km, it is assumed that it is difficult to align with high accuracy even with the direction adjusting screw on the back side of the mirror.

In view of this situation, hereinafter, means for enabling adjustment of an ultra-small angle will be described.
When the distance from the observer to the mirror is on the order of km, the function to adjust the minute angle cannot be achieved by the normal concept, so the basic structure for installing the mirror (usually treated as not moving with a tripod) ) Was used to adjust the angle very minutely.

  As shown in FIG. 35, it is assumed that there is a steel bar (the length L of the ground portion) firmly embedded and fixed in the soil, and an arm (length A) extending perpendicularly from the tip thereof. When a weight is suspended at the tip, a moment of force acts on the top end of the steel rod, and a clockwise rotation angle is generated in the arm portion and the entire steel rod from the portion where the weight is suspended. At this time, the rotation angle takes a maximum value at the tip of the arm, but the rotation angle generated at the upper tip of the steel rod to which the mirror is fixed becomes an angle for finely adjusting the angle of the mirror.

E: 205800 (N / mm ² )
D: 10 (mm)
I: 490 (= πd4 / 64)
L: 500 (mm)
A: 100 (mm)
W: 9.8N (1kgf)

  When the above value is substituted, the clockwise rotation angle at the upper end of the steel bar is 0.278 °. Based on this simple calculation, it can be seen that if the weight hung on the tip of the arm is adjusted, the angle change of the tip can be adjusted at will and at a very small angle level. For example, the relationship between weight and angle change is as follows.

100g ... 0.0278 °
10g ... 0.00278 °
1g ・ ・ ・ 0.000278 °

This angle adjustment function and its accuracy can be freely set by appropriately selecting the diameter, length, arm length, and force applied to the tip of the arm. Further, the same effect can be obtained by giving a force minute displacement by rotating the turnbuckle screw instead of suspending the weight at the tip.
Using this principle, it can be seen that the following arrangement is possible. As shown in FIG. 36, the branch parallel to the z-axis from the location of M3
1 and Branch 2 parallel to the x-axis are provided. It is possible to suspend a weight that causes a predetermined change in angle at each end (A, B, C, D).

  When it is desired to apply a twist to the main pole in FIG. 36, it is necessary to apply a force in the direction of W5 or W6. In this case, as shown in FIG. 37, a base and a pulley can be separately provided on the ground, and the force of the weight can be transmitted to the main pole in the horizontal plane using them. By controlling these forces (W1 to W6), it is possible to adjust the microscopic angle in all directions.

If a turnbuckle is used instead of the weight, the result is as shown in FIG. As shown in FIG. 38, a pole is embedded perpendicularly to the ground (xz plane). The special pole has a basic axis composed of lines from M0 to M4. The material of the special pole is preferably a metal having a temperature expansion coefficient as small as possible. In this embodiment, the material is made of a steel bar. The special pole has a configuration in which two branches protrude from M2. However, these branches need not necessarily be welded to the same point. The first branch (Branch
1) is in the zy plane and the two branches (Branch 2) are in the xy plane.

Further, Branch 3 is welded from M3 in the x-axis direction. Here, the turnbuckle is attached to the line connecting the tips A and M3 of Branch 1 and the line connecting the tips C of Branch 2 and Branch 3. Here, the turnbuckle is a “length adjusting rod” in which steel rods having threading directions opposite to each other are connected by a nut, and the length between both ends of the turnbuckle can be freely adjusted by rotating the nut. It can be done.
The mirror can be finely adjusted around the x axis by forcibly changing the angle between the main pole and Branch 1 using a turnbuckle attached to the line A-M3. In addition, the main pole can be forcibly rotated around the y axis by a minute angle using a turnbuckle attached to the line B-C. Although these operations have slight interference with each other, the mirror angle can be correctly adjusted even in a space of the order of km by repeatedly performing the operations.

  In this special pole, for example, it is assumed that the distance between M2 and M3 is 50 cm, and the distance between the angle adjusting screw provided on the back of the main mirror and the center of rotation (fulcrum) when using it is 5 cm. At this time, assuming that the screw pitch of the angle adjustment screw and the turnbuckle is the same, the angle adjustment accuracy using this special pole is about 10 times that when using only the adjustment screw on the back of the mirror. It will be. This is an amount determined from the ratio of the arm length (5 cm to 50 cm) at which rotation occurs.

(Other examples)
(1) In the first embodiment, the shape of the arm portion 25 is a U-shape, but it may be a U-shape or a V-shape. In particular, in the case of a V-shape, it is formed by two sides, a horizontal side and an oblique side, so as to support the load of the mirror support portion 21.

  The present invention is intended for the safety of the natural structure, civil engineering structure, building structure, and related construction machinery as described above, monitoring the deformation during the construction of the structure and all the periods after the service. It is useful as a system and method for confirming the above.

1 Mirror 2 Mirror Adjustment Jig 3 Target 4 Observation Point 30 Prop

Claims (24)

A strut embedded or fixed in the structure;
A mirror support for fixing the mirror;
A leg support portion which is provided on the support column and can fix the mirror support portion by inserting a leg portion provided on the mirror support portion and filling a solidified material therein;
An angle adjusting unit capable of adjusting an inclination angle of the mirror support unit;
An arm unit that supports the angle adjusting unit at one end and is connected and fixed to the support column or the leg receiving unit at the other end;
A mirror adjusting jig characterized by comprising:   The angle adjusting unit includes a first part that is axially attached to a side part of one side of the mirror support part or two opposite side parts, and a second part that is axially attached to the first part and the arm part. The mirror adjustment jig according to claim 1, wherein the tilt angle of the mirror support portion can be adjusted by rotating the shafts of the first part and the second part.   The mirror adjustment jig according to claim 2, further comprising an angle halving mechanism that makes the rotation angle of the shaft of the second part a half of an operation angle in the angle adjustment unit.   The mirror support portion includes a fine adjustment mechanism that finely adjusts the angle of the mirror axis of the mirror, and the fine adjustment mechanism is provided behind the stay above the leg and a stay provided on the rear surface of the mirror. The support member is supported by three set screws, the tip of any one set screw is formed into a spherical curved surface, and a concave portion that is in sliding contact with the spherical curved surface is provided on the back surface of the stay, The mirror adjusting jig according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the tip of the set screw is slidably contacted with the inner surface of the recess to hold the mirror on the support member in a swingable manner.   The mirror adjustment jig according to any one of claims 1 to 4, further comprising a slide mechanism that is slidable in an axial direction of the support column between the angle adjustment unit and the arm.   The mirror adjustment jig according to claim 1, wherein a light shielding member for adjusting a mirror area is coated on a front surface of the mirror. A target including a light emitting means, a mirror, and a mirror adjusting jig for supporting and adjusting the mirror;
A structural deformation detection system that detects the structural deformation based on whether or not the light emitted from the light emitting means is reflected by the mirror and reaches the observation point. A target including a light emitting means, a mirror, and the mirror adjusting jig according to claim 1 for supporting and adjusting the mirror,
A structural deformation detection system that detects the structural deformation based on whether or not the light emitted from the light emitting means is reflected by the mirror and reaches the observation point.   The structure change detection system according to claim 7 or 8, wherein the light emitting means can be switched between a constantly lit state and a blinking state.   The light emitting means is composed of a plurality of light sources of different colors, and each light source is arranged on a concentric circle, or the target is drawn in a concentric pattern with different colors, and the light of the light emitting means is irradiated on the pattern. The structure deformation detection system according to any one of claims 7 to 9, wherein   The light-emitting means is composed of a panel light source that is color-coded into a plurality of quadrants, or the target is color-coded into quadrants with different colors, and the light of the light-emitting means is irradiated to the quadrants. The structure deformation detection system according to any one of 7 to 9.   The structure deformation detection system according to any one of claims 7 to 11, wherein a light receiving means is provided at the observation point, and an alarm is output when no light is received within a predetermined interval.   The structure according to claim 10 or 11, wherein a light receiving unit having a different color wavelength is provided at the observation point, and an alarm corresponding to the received color wavelength is output when light of a specific color wavelength is received. Object deformation detection system.   The structural deformation detection system according to claim 7, wherein a camera unit and a communication unit are provided at the observation point, and an image reflected on the mirror at the observation point can be monitored at a remote place.   The structural deformation detection system according to any one of claims 7 to 14, wherein the target installation point and the observation point are the same point.   The mirror adjustment jig includes an auxiliary mirror in which the mirror surfaces of the mirror are orthogonal to each other, and the auxiliary mirror is disposed at an upper or lower position of the mirror, and is a light source that can be directly seen from the intersection of the mirror and the auxiliary mirror. The structural deformation detection system according to claim 7, wherein the angle of the mirror is adjusted using a shape and an image of an observation point that is reflected by the auxiliary mirror.   9. The mirror adjustment jig performs fine adjustment of a mirror angle by elastically deforming a pillar embedded or fixed in a structure by applying an external force. Structure deformation detection system.   A plurality of sets of the mirror and the mirror adjustment jig are set, and the mirror and the mirror adjustment jig are attached to a plurality of points of the structure to be monitored for deformation, and the irradiation light of the light emitting means is reflected on each mirror and observed. Adjust the posture of each mirror in advance to reach the point, and determine whether or not the irradiation light of the light emitting means reflects to each mirror and reaches the observation point, or if it reaches, the color of the light that has reached The structural deformation detection system according to claim 7, wherein the structural deformation is detected. A target with a light emitting means is provided in the immovable region,
Attach a mirror to the structure to be monitored for deformation,
Adjust the posture of the mirror in advance so that the irradiation light of the light emitting means is reflected on the mirror and reaches the observation point,
Structural deformation that detects the structural deformation by determining whether or not the light emitted from the light emitting means is reflected by the mirror and reaches the observation point, or when the light reaches the observation point Detection method.   20. The structural deformation detection method according to claim 19, wherein the light emitting means can switch between a constantly lit state and a blinking state.   The light emitting means is composed of a plurality of light sources of different colors, and each light source is arranged on a concentric circumference, or the target is drawn in a concentric pattern with different colors, and the light of the light emitting means is reflected on the pattern. The structure deformation detection method according to claim 19 or 20, wherein the structure deformation detection method is applied.   The light-emitting means is constituted by a panel light source that is color-coded into a plurality of quadrants, or the target is color-coded into quadrants with different colors, and the light of the light-emitting means is irradiated to the quadrants. The structure deformation detection method according to 19 or 20.   The structural deformation detection method according to claim 19 or 20, wherein the light emitting means is disposed at the same point as the observation point. A plurality of mirrors are provided, and mirrors are attached to a plurality of points of the structure subject to deformation monitoring, and the postures of the respective mirrors are adjusted in advance so that the light emitted from the light emitting means is reflected on each mirror and reaches the observation point. And detecting the deformation of the structure by determining whether or not the irradiation light of the light emitting means is reflected on each mirror and reaches the observation point, or by determining the color of the light that has reached the observation point. The structural deformation detection method according to any one of claims 19 to 23.