JP2012168414A - Following music extraction system and following music extraction method - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To extract a next piece of music having natural connection with a precedent piece of music when the next piece of music is extracted from music which is reproduced.SOLUTION: The following piece of music to be reproduced after the precedent piece of music, an end parameter as feature data of a partial section including the end of the precedent piece of music is extracted from the partial section, and a head parameter as feature data of a partial section including the head of a piece of music is extracted from a plurality of pieces of music. Here, when the partial sections are extracted, sections of a predetermined time are extracted from the head and end, and predetermined sections are extracted in units of beats and bars. Condition storage means is previously stored with a condition of connection between the end parameter and head parameter, and when the following piece of music is extracted, a piece of music having a head parameter satisfying the condition of connection is extracted.

Description

  The present invention relates to a subsequent music extraction system that can extract a music to be reproduced next from a preceding music.

  In recent years, devices that sequentially read out and reproduce music data from a large amount of stored music data have become widespread. In general, when listening to music using such a device, music data is downloaded in advance from a CD or the Internet, and the music is played in the order stored in the memory, or the shuffle function is used. Often played randomly.

  However, if the music is played in the order stored in the memory as in the former, the user may be bored. In addition, when the music is played at random like the latter, there is a possibility that the connection with the following music becomes unnatural.

  On the other hand, in Patent Document 1 below, a music piece being reproduced is analyzed to obtain a feature quantity, and the feature quantity obtained by this analysis processing and the feature quantity saved in the music search information storage device Based on the above, a method for creating a playlist by selecting the next music has been proposed. In this patent document 1, when extracting the feature amount of a music piece, two of the inflection degree indicating the amplitude distribution situation in the whole music piece and the frequency ratio which is the ratio of the frequency distribution in the whole piece are extracted, and the subsequent music piece is extracted. I try to extract.

  Further, in Patent Document 2 below, attribute information of a plurality of music data is stored in advance, and by specifying the first music and the last music, from the top to the last music based on the attribute information. A method for generating a playlist has been proposed. Here, as the “attribute information”, a music title, a genre, a reproduction time, a position of a characteristic portion of rust, and the like are used.

JP 2008-251093 JP 2010-040103 A

  However, when the next music list is generated by the method described above, the following problems occur.

  That is, in the method of extracting the feature amount in the entire music piece and determining the subsequent music piece as in the former case, if the music piece is long, it takes time to extract the feature amount. In addition, if the subsequent music is extracted only based on the feature value extracted for the entire music, for example, the subtle beginning part next to the music that ends powerfully although the feature values of the music as a whole are similar. There is a case where the connection between the music and the music becomes unnatural as in the case of playing the music that the user has.

  Also, in the latter method, in which the music attribute information is stored in advance, the music list cannot be extracted based on the attribute information unless the attribute information is stored in advance. Further, like the former, the connection between the end of the preceding music and the beginning of the subsequent music may become unnatural.

  Therefore, the present invention provides a system that enables extraction of subsequent music so that when a next music is extracted from a music to be played, a natural connection can be established with the preceding music. The purpose is to provide.

  That is, in order to solve the above-mentioned problem, the present invention provides a subsequent music extraction system for extracting a music to be reproduced next to a preceding music from a plurality of music stored in advance, and includes a part including the end of the preceding music. A tail parameter extracting means for extracting a tail parameter that is characteristic data of the section from the section; and a head parameter extracting means for extracting a head parameter that is characteristic data of the section from a part of the section including the head of the plurality of music pieces; , A condition storage means for determining a connection condition between the tail parameter and the head parameter, and a subsequent music extraction means for extracting the music having the head parameter satisfying the connection condition by referring to the connection condition from the tail parameter of the preceding music. It is intended to provide.

  In this way, the connection between the music piece being played and the connection portion of the next music piece can be made natural. Here, when extracting the next music, in addition to extracting only the music list, the music data itself for reproducing the music may be extracted.

  In such an invention, when extracting a part of a section, a section having a certain time width excluding the silent section at the beginning and end of the music is extracted.

  Alternatively, as a part of a section, a certain number of beats or measures may be extracted from the beginning and end of the music.

  Further, parameters obtained by analyzing the waveform data of the partial section are used as the head parameter and the tail parameter.

  As this parameter, for example, a parameter relating to sound pressure, a parameter relating to frequency, and the like can be used.

  In this way, it is possible to prevent unnatural connections such as a sudden change in sound pressure or frequency band at the connection between music pieces.

  According to the present invention, in a subsequent music extraction system for extracting a music to be reproduced next to a preceding music from a plurality of music stored in advance, the feature data of the section from a part including the end of the preceding music A tail parameter extracting means for extracting a tail parameter, a head parameter extracting means for extracting a head parameter that is characteristic data of a section including a head of the music from the plurality of music, and the tail parameter and the head Since the condition storage means for determining the connection condition with the parameter and the subsequent music extracting means for referring to the connection condition from the end parameter of the preceding music and extracting the music having the head parameter satisfying the connection condition, The connection between the music piece being played and the next music piece can be made natural.

Functional block diagram of a subsequent music extraction system according to an embodiment of the present invention The figure which shows the method of extracting the one part area in the same form The figure which shows the parameter regarding the sound pressure in a part of section in the form The figure which shows the parameter regarding the frequency in a part of section in the form The figure which shows the connection condition in the form The flowchart which shows the subsequent music extraction method in the same form Flowchart for extracting a part of the section in the same form Flowchart for extracting parameters in the same form

  Hereinafter, a subsequent music extraction system 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. The subsequent music extraction system 1 according to this embodiment includes a storage device that stores a plurality of music, an output device that outputs a list of reproduced music and sound source data, and the like. Consists of portable music player, personal computer, etc. In addition to such a device alone, a storage device that stores a plurality of music pieces, and an output device that outputs a list of subsequent music pieces and the music data itself from a plurality of music data stored in the storage device, It can also be configured by a system connected through a communication line.

  A specific configuration of the subsequent music extraction system 1 will be described with reference to the functional block diagram of FIG. This subsequent music extraction system 1 includes a storage means 2 for storing a plurality of music data, and a section data extraction means 3 for extracting waveform data of a part of the beginning and end of the music stored in the storage means 2. , A leading parameter extracting means 4 and a trailing parameter extracting means 5 for extracting a leading parameter and a trailing parameter, which are feature quantities of the extracted partial sections, and a condition storage for storing connection conditions of these leading parameters and trailing parameters Means 6 and a subsequent music extraction means 7 for referring to the connection condition from the end parameter of the preceding music and extracting the music having the head parameter that satisfies the connection condition. Hereinafter, each function realization means will be described in detail. Each of these function realizing means is realized by cooperating a storage device, an arithmetic device such as a CPU, an output device such as a speaker and a display, etc. constituting the computer.

  First, a large amount of music data is stored in the storage means 2 constituting the subsequent music extraction system 1. When the music data is stored in the storage unit 2, the music data is read from a CD or the like and stored, and the music data is downloaded and stored via the Internet or the like. There are music data in an uncompressed format such as the WAVE format and an irreversible compression format such as the MP3 format, but here it is saved without specifying the file format. To do.

  In the section data extraction means 3, one piece of music data is read from the music data stored in the storage means 2, and waveform data of a part of the section including the head of the music or part of the section including the end Waveform data is extracted. When reading music data, first, the read music data is converted into a predetermined file format (for example, WAVE format) by a converter, and then a part of the section including the beginning and end in the unified file format. Waveform data is extracted.

  When extracting the waveform data of “partial section” from the music data, as a first method, the waveform data of the partial section is extracted in time units (FIG. 2A). When extracting the waveform data of a certain section in this time unit, the silence section at the beginning and the end is removed from the extracted waveform data of the music, and a predetermined time (from the beginning or the end from which the silence section is removed) For example, waveform data of 3 seconds to 5 seconds) is extracted. As a method of removing the silent section, for example, a method of measuring the sound pressure of the music and removing a section where the sound pressure is zero as a silent section is used.

  Further, as another method of this “partial section”, a method of extracting a section in beat units or measure units can also be used (FIG. 2B). Specifically, a section from the first / last beat to a predetermined beat, or a section from the first / last measure to a predetermined measure is used. If a section is extracted in units of such beats or measures, sections can be extracted in units having a musical composition, so parameters can be extracted from one unit having that musical composition. It becomes like this.

  A method for extracting a part of a section in beat units will be described. First, waveform data is extracted from the beginning and end of a music piece for a certain time section excluding a silent section (FIG. 2 (b1)). Then, an amplitude envelope is calculated by performing a moving average on the waveform data (FIG. 2 (b2)), and this is regarded as a time function and fast Fourier transform is performed (FIG. 2 (b3)). Then, the reciprocal of the frequency with the largest power spectrum is calculated from the signals obtained by the fast Fourier transform, and is regarded as the cycle of the beat, and has the largest sound pressure within a certain time width in each cycle. The time is searched (FIG. 2 (b4)), and the time is regarded as the beat time. Then, the number of beats is counted from the beginning or end, and waveform data at a time until a predetermined beat is extracted (FIG. 2 (b5)).

  In addition, when extracting a part of a section in units of measures, the beat time is estimated by the same process ((FIG. 2 (b1) to (b5)), and the sound pressure at the beat time is measured to obtain a predetermined value. The time unit in which the sound having the above sound pressure is repeated is defined as “measure”, that is, in the case of music of 4/4 time, generally the sound pressure is repeated as “strong beat, short beat, medium beat, small beat”. In addition, in the case of music with 3/3 time signature, the sound pressure is repeated as “strong beat, medium beat, small beat.” Therefore, first, the position of the beat is specified and the largest sound pressure (strong beat) The time unit of the measure is specified by considering the time interval having the time as the time length of the measure, and the waveform data of the song is extracted from the beginning or the end of the song in a predetermined measure unit (FIG. 2 (b6)). ).

  Next, the head parameter extraction means 4 and the tail parameter extraction means 5 extract the parameter which is the feature amount from the waveform data of the fixed section extracted in this way. As this parameter, a parameter related to the sound pressure in the certain interval, a parameter related to frequency, or the like is used, and as a parameter related to the sound pressure, an average sound pressure, a temporal change in sound pressure, or the like is used. In addition, as a parameter relating to the frequency, a spectral centroid in the certain section, a parameter relating to a frequency component having the largest power spectrum, and the like are used.

  Among these, when extracting a parameter relating to sound pressure, the power function is calculated by squaring the time function which is waveform data in a certain section, and the smoothed amplitude envelope is obtained by taking the moving average. Then, the sum of the sound pressures is calculated by integrating the amplitude envelope, and the average sound pressure is calculated by dividing the sum by the time length (FIG. 3 (a)). When calculating the temporal change of the sound pressure, as shown in FIG. 3B, the sound pressure attenuation rate and increase rate are approximated by a linear function, and the slope (a, a ′) or intercept (b B ′) are extracted as parameters. Here, the attenuation rate and the increase rate are approximated as a linear function. However, when approximated by an n-order function such as a quadratic function or a cubic function, the n-order coefficient is extracted as a parameter. On the other hand, when extracting the period of sound pressure as a parameter relating to sound pressure, the reciprocal of the frequency having the largest power spectrum calculated previously is regarded as the period of the beat, and the time of the time having the largest sound pressure within that period is taken. The time interval is extracted as the number of beats (BPM: Beat Per Minutes).

  When extracting parameters related to frequency, as shown in FIG. 4 (a), frequency analysis is performed on the waveform data in the fixed section, and the spectrum centroid is obtained from the magnitude of the spectrum at each frequency, and FIG. 4 (b). As shown in Fig. 5, the frequency having the largest power spectrum is also extracted as a parameter. These parameters are extracted from a part of the section including the beginning of the music, and also extracted from a part of the section including the end of the music, and are read in association with the music data as the head parameter and the end parameter, respectively.

  The condition storage means 6 stores the connection condition of the head parameter suitable for reproduction as a subsequent music of the music having these end parameters (FIG. 5). When determining the connection conditions of the parameters related to the average sound pressure among the connection conditions of the parameters related to the sound pressure, the ratio of the average sound pressure suitable as the head of the succeeding music to the average sound pressure that is the end parameter of the preceding music is set. Remember. Specifically, when the average sound pressure is X dB, as a connection condition, a ratio (A 1%) as an average sound pressure within the range of A 1% of the X dB is stored. Further, when determining the connection condition for the temporal change of the average sound pressure, the allowable gradient of the succeeding music (a) with respect to the gradient (a) or intercept (b) approximated by the linear function (a) The range of ') and the intercept (b') is stored as a connection condition. Specifically, as shown in FIG. 3 (b), the position having the inclination or intercept of the preceding music is specified in a two-dimensional space having the horizontal axis and the intercept vertical axis, and a certain distance from there. The magnitude of the inclination and the intercept within the range of A2 are stored as connection conditions. When approximating the temporal change in sound pressure as an n-order function, the distance in the space corresponding to the n-order coefficient in the function is stored as a connection condition.

  On the other hand, when the parameter regarding the frequency is stored as the connection condition, the distance A3 to the allowable frequency with respect to the spectrum gravity center X of the preceding music is stored as the connection condition. Further, when the frequency having the largest power spectrum is stored as a parameter, the width A4 from the frequency to the allowed frequency is stored as the connection condition as the connection condition. When the parameter regarding the frequency is stored as the connection condition, there is an advantage that the sound range at the connection portion between the preceding music piece and the succeeding music piece can be made closer.

  The subsequent music extraction means 7 refers to the connection condition for the last parameter of the preceding music, and extracts a list of music pieces and music data having the first parameter that satisfies the connection condition. When a plurality of succeeding songs satisfying this connection condition are extracted, each of the parameter relating to the sound pressure and the parameter relating to the frequency is calculated, and the song that satisfies the connection condition most of all the parameters is extracted as the succeeding song.

  In addition, if subsequent songs are sequentially extracted from a plurality of songs, there is a possibility that songs that satisfy the connection condition gradually decrease. In such a case, if no music satisfying the connection condition is found, a music having a parameter closest to the connection condition may be extracted.

  Or, if all playlists are generated from a plurality of songs in advance as a series of lists, a subsequent song that satisfies the connection condition is provisionally determined, and the connection condition is further satisfied from the plurality of provisionally determined subsequent songs. The subsequent songs will be determined sequentially. When a plurality of music pieces can be connected the longest as a whole, it is extracted as a playlist.

  Next, a method of extracting subsequent music in the subsequent music extraction system 1 configured as described above will be described with reference to the flowcharts of FIGS.

  First, when extracting the music to be reproduced next to the preceding music, the waveform data of a partial section including the end is extracted from the music data of the preceding music (step S1). When extracting the waveform data of this partial section, the silent section at the end is removed (FIG. 7, step T1), and the waveform data for a predetermined time is extracted from the sound produced at the end (step T2). Further, waveform data is extracted in units of beats or measures (steps T3 to T11). When extracting the waveform data in units of beats or measures, the waveform data for a predetermined time is extracted in advance from the end excluding the silent section, the amplitude envelope of the waveform data is calculated (steps T3 and T4), and fast Fourier transform is performed. (Step T5). Then, the frequency of the signal having the largest power spectrum is extracted (step T6), and the time at the position where the sound pressure is large within the fixed width of the cycle is estimated as the beat time with the reciprocal as the cycle (step T7). Then, when “partial section” is the number of beats, waveform data from the last beat to a predetermined number of beat times is extracted (step T8). Further, when extracting a part of a section by measure, the period of the time with the highest sound pressure is regarded as a measure in the beat (step T10), and waveform data of a predetermined number of measures is extracted from the end (step T10). T11).

  After extracting the waveform data in this way, this time the waveform data is analyzed to extract the tail parameter (step S2). When extracting this tail parameter, as shown in FIG. 8, the average sound pressure (step U1), temporal change of sound pressure (step U2), spectrum centroid (step U3), frequency of the maximum spectrum component, as shown in FIG. (Step U4) and the like are extracted as tail parameters.

  Next, the music is sequentially read out from the music stored in the storage unit 2 (step S3), and the waveform data of a part of the section including the head of the read music is extracted (step S4). ). Similarly, when extracting the waveform data of a part of the section including the beginning, the silent section at the beginning is removed and the waveform data for a predetermined time is extracted from the sound pronounced at the beginning. To extract waveform data (steps T1 to T2). Similarly, when waveform data is extracted in units of beats or measures, waveform data for a predetermined time is extracted in advance from the beginning, the amplitude envelope of the waveform data is calculated, and fast Fourier transform is performed. Then, the reciprocal of the frequency of the signal having the largest power spectrum is taken, and this is used as a period, and the time at the position where the sound pressure is large within a certain width for each period is estimated as the beat time (steps T3 to T8). And when “partial section” is the number of beats, the waveform data from the first beat to a predetermined number of beat times is extracted, and when extracting a part of the section by measures, The cycle of the time with the highest sound pressure is regarded as the time length of the bar, and waveform data of a predetermined number of bars are extracted from the head (steps U9 to T11).

  After extracting the top waveform data in this way, the waveform data is analyzed to extract the top parameter (step S5). Similarly, when extracting the head parameter, the average sound pressure of the waveform data, the temporal change of the sound pressure, the spectrum centroid, the frequency of the maximum spectrum component, and the like are extracted as the head parameters (steps U1 to U4).

  After extracting the tail parameter and the head parameter in this manner, this time, the subsequent music having the head parameter that satisfies the connection condition with the tail parameter is extracted (step S7). At this time, for example, when the average sound pressure of the end parameter is X dB, the music having the start parameter in the range of A1% of the average sound pressure of Xdb is extracted. In addition, when the time change of the sound pressure of the tail parameter is approximated by a linear function, the range of a certain distance A2 from (the magnitude of the slope, the intercept) in the space having the horizontal axis and the vertical axis as the slope / intercept The music of the first parameter having (inclination magnitude, intercept) is extracted. Further, when extracting the succeeding music that satisfies the connection condition based on the spectrum center of gravity, the succeeding music having the frequency of the spectrum center of gravity within a certain range A3 is extracted from the frequency of the preceding music having the spectrum center of gravity, and the maximum power spectrum Subsequent music having a frequency having a maximum power spectrum within a certain range A4 is extracted from the frequency having At this time, since there is a possibility that a plurality of subsequent music pieces are extracted for each connection condition, here, the subsequent music piece that satisfies the most connection conditions is extracted.

  Then, the music title list of the succeeding music is output so that it can be displayed, or the music data is output and reproduced from the speaker.

  As described above, according to the embodiment, in the subsequent music extraction system 1 that extracts the music to be reproduced next to the preceding music, the tail parameter that is the characteristic data of the section from the partial section including the end of the preceding music. End parameter extracting means 5 for extracting the first parameter, the first parameter extracting means 4 for extracting the first parameter which is characteristic data of a part of the section including the beginning of the music from the plurality of music, the end parameter and the first parameter, The condition storage means 6 for determining the connection condition of the first music piece and the subsequent music extraction means 7 for referring to the connection condition from the last parameter of the preceding music and extracting the music having the first parameter satisfying the connection condition. It is possible to make the connection between the preceding music piece and the following music piece natural.

  Also, when extracting some sections, sections with a certain time width excluding the silent section at the beginning and end of the music are extracted, so meaningless end parameters and leading parameters are generated based on the silent section. Can be prevented.

  In addition, since the parameters obtained by analyzing the waveform data of some sections were used as the first parameter and the last parameter, the music genre, composer, singer, age, etc. were not input. However, the optimal subsequent music can be extracted.

  In addition, since parameters related to sound pressure, parameters related to frequency, etc. are used as these parameters, it is possible to prevent unnatural connections due to sudden changes in sound pressure or sudden changes in sound range. .

  In addition, this invention is not limited to the said embodiment, It can implement in a various aspect.

  For example, in the above embodiment, the subsequent music is extracted based only on the tail parameter and the head parameter, but the subsequent music including the genre, composer, singer, etc. of the music is extracted. Also good. Further, when additional information such as the genre is not stored, the subsequent music may be extracted including the tempo of the entire music, the musical instrument configuration, the melody, and the like.

  In the above embodiment, when extracting a part of the section, the section is extracted by time, beat, measure, etc. You may make it extract. That is, for a short piece of music, some sections may be extracted with a short time, beat, and measure, and for a long piece of music, some sections may be extracted with a long time, beat, and measure.

  Further, in the above embodiment, when extracting the succeeding music, the head parameter is calculated from the music stored in the storage means 2, but the head parameter and the tail parameter are calculated in advance, and the music is stored in the music. You may make it memorize | store in relation to.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Subsequent music extraction system 2 ... Memory | storage means 3 ... Section data extraction means 4 ... Head parameter extraction means 5 ... End parameter extraction means 6 ... Condition storage means 7 ... Subsequent Music extraction means

Claims (10)

In a subsequent music extraction system that extracts a music to be played next to a preceding music from a plurality of music stored in advance,
A tail parameter extracting means for extracting a tail parameter which is characteristic data of the section from a part of the section including the end of the preceding music;
A head parameter extracting means for extracting a head parameter that is characteristic data of a part of a section including the head of the music from the plurality of music;
Condition storage means for determining a connection condition between the end parameter and the start parameter;
Subsequent music extraction means for referring to the connection condition from the end parameter of the preceding music and extracting the music having the first parameter that satisfies the connection condition;
A subsequent music extraction system characterized by comprising: The subsequent music extraction system according to claim 1, wherein the partial section is a section having a certain time width excluding silent sections at the beginning and end of the music. The subsequent music extraction system according to claim 1, wherein the partial section is a fixed number of beats or measures from the beginning and the end of the music. The subsequent music extraction system according to claim 1, wherein the head parameter and the tail parameter are parameters obtained by analyzing waveform data of the partial section. The subsequent music extraction system according to claim 1, wherein the head parameter and the tail parameter include one of a parameter related to sound pressure and a parameter related to frequency. In a subsequent music extraction method for extracting a music to be played next to a preceding music from a plurality of music stored in advance,
Extracting a tail parameter that is characteristic data of the section from a part of the section including the end of the preceding music;
Extracting a head parameter that is characteristic data of a partial section including the head of the music from the plurality of music;
Storing a connection condition between the end parameter and the start parameter, and extracting a song having the start parameter satisfying the connection condition from the end parameter of the preceding music;
The subsequent music extraction method characterized by comprising. The subsequent music extracting method according to claim 6, wherein the partial section is a section having a certain time width excluding silent sections at the beginning and end of the music. The subsequent music extracting method according to claim 6, wherein the partial section is a fixed number of beats or bars from the beginning and the end of the music. The subsequent music extraction method according to claim 6, wherein the head parameter and the tail parameter are parameters obtained by analyzing waveform data of the partial section. The subsequent music extraction method according to claim 6, wherein the head parameter and the tail parameter include one of a parameter related to sound pressure and a parameter related to frequency.

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