JP2012159243A - Heat accommodation control method - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a technology for energy accommodation control between a solar water heating system and a cogeneration system.SOLUTION: When the total hot water heat storage ΣH' and the total hot water load ΣH are in the relationship of ΣH'>ΣH, a heat storage quantity Hb" defined by Hb"=Ha+Hb-Ha' is set as a new hot water heat storage quantity in order to secure heat storage matching a total hot water load, and an optimal power generation schedule by operation where heating is main and a thermal output control operation is formulated. In this case, a consumer (B) thermally accommodates a consumer (A) with an excess heat storage quantity ΔH (=Hb'-Hb). Under the condition of ΣH'≤ΣH, an optimal power generation schedule by an electrical output control operation is formulated. The thermal accommodation for the consumer (A) and the formulation of a heat storage schedule for the consumer (B) are carried out in such a manner that each hot water storage tank is fully filled before the hot water load of the consumers (A) and (B) reaches the peak. A fuel cell 4a is operated and hot water is conveyed to the consumer (A) in accordance with the formulated schedule, and after the conveyance is finished, the consumers (A) and (B) each resume an independent operation.

Description

  The present invention relates to a heat interchange control technique between a solar hot water system and a cogeneration (hereinafter, abbreviated as cogeneration as appropriate) system.

  Conventionally, a solar hot water system has a weather-dependent problem that sufficient heat (hot water) cannot be obtained on days when the amount of solar radiation is insufficient. In addition, in a cogeneration system such as a fuel cell, there is a problem that the operation efficiency is lowered on a day when the heat demand (hot water load) is low and the power generation amount is small.

For such a problem, for example, Patent Document 1 is known as an energy saving control technique for a consumer who uses solar energy and cogeneration together. In this technology, a consumer who uses solar energy utilization means (solar power generation or solar heat collection) and a fuel cell together, by adjusting the output ratio of the fuel cell and solar energy utilization means according to the energy demand, Regardless of the energy output of the solar energy utilization means, the fuel cell is controlled to operate at a predetermined output amount or more.
In addition, regarding cogeneration system control technology, as a technology for operating multiple cogeneration devices simultaneously, a technology for predicting demand for individual cogeneration devices and performing operation control with the highest overall efficiency is disclosed. (For example, Patent Document 2).

JP 2002-34161 A JP 2006-266121 A

  However, the above prior art relates to the optimization of energy use in a single consumer, and a plurality of consumers equipped with a solar hot water system or a cogeneration system can mutually exchange surplus energy and achieve high efficiency as a whole. It does not disclose the technology for realizing driving.

The present invention provides an optimum operation control technique among a plurality of consumers equipped with a solar hot water system or a cogeneration system. The gist of the present invention is as follows. That is, the heat accommodation control method according to the present invention is:
(1) From one or more cogeneration customers (hereinafter referred to as “customer B”) to one or more solar hot water system users (hereinafter referred to as “customer A”), the lack of hot water is available at any time. A heat interchange control method for the control target date,
Among consumers A, there is one or more consumers Ai whose hot water load predicted value ((Ha (i)) exceeds the heat collection predicted value (Ha ′ (i)), and among consumers B, electric power One or more demands in which the hot water heat storage amount (Hb (j) ′) exceeds the predicted hot water load value (Hb (j)) when the main heat follow-up operation is performed corresponding to the predicted load value ((Eb (j))) If house Bj exists,
Part or all of the total hot water shortage (ΣΔHa (i) = Σ (Ha (i) −Ha (i) ′)) of the one or more consumers Ai is used as the hot water surplus of the one or more consumers Bi The power generation schedule of the one or more consumers Bj is formulated so as to be able to be accommodated from the total (ΣΔHb (j) = Σ (Hb (j) ′ − Hb (j))).

In the present invention, “customer” does not necessarily mean a household unit, but a concept including a system installation unit.
“Warm water” generally refers to heat stored in the form of high-temperature water, but is a concept that includes heat storage using a heat medium other than water.
“Hot water load” is a concept that means the amount of heat demand of the consumer on the control target date.
In formulating the “power generation schedule”, a fuel cell operation control logic based on a well-known learning type algorithm (for example, see JP-A-2006-266121) can be applied. In the actual commercial machine, the current demand data is compared with the demand data at the same day and the same time in the past several months, and other parameters such as the water temperature are taken into consideration, and the closest date is extracted. Then, there is a method in which a demand pattern for 24 hours on the day is set as a predicted value for the next 24 hours, and a startup schedule is calculated based on this to determine an operation schedule.
"Cogeneration" refers to the one that can extract power, heat, and cold using exhaust heat from internal combustion engines, external combustion engines, etc., and not only fuel cells but also engine generators are included as heat engines. .
“Amount of heat collection predicted value” of customer A is the closest approximation, for example, by comparing the weather, temperature, humidity, and water temperature of the day obtained from reading from the Internet or the like or measurement with a meteorometer with the data of the past several months. It can be obtained by extracting the amount of heat collected on the day.
The “warm water load predicted value” is obtained by comparing the current demand data with the demand data of the same day of the past several months and at the same time, and extracting the most approximate day by taking into account other parameters such as the water temperature. be able to.
“Electric main heat slave operation” refers to formulating an operation schedule so as to fully satisfy the electric power load within a specified operation time zone and within the capacity range of the fuel cell.

(2) In the invention of (1) above, further, hot water is conveyed from the customer Bj to the customer Ai so that the amount of hot water stored in each customer is maximized before the hot water load peak of each customer. It is characterized by formulating a schedule.

ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, even if it is a day when a solar hot water system use consumer cannot use solar heat enough, since a hot water load can be satisfied, there exists an effect that a comfortable and efficient driving | operation becomes possible.
There is an effect that energy consumption can be reduced as a whole for a plurality of consumers.
In addition, for cogeneration system customers, it is possible to operate by selecting main heat subordinate operation or heat main subordination operation corresponding to the predicted hot water load, thus improving the operating efficiency of the system There is.

It is a figure which shows the structure of the heat accommodation control system 1 which concerns on 1st embodiment. It is a figure which shows the heat accommodation control flow of 1st embodiment. It is a figure which shows the relationship between warm water load, the amount of heat storage, and the amount of heat interchange. It is a figure which shows typically the power generation schedule formulation method (in the case of a normal operation time slot | zone). It is a figure which shows typically the power generation schedule formulation method (in the case of extension of operation time). It is a figure which shows the structure of the heat accommodation control system 20 which concerns on 2nd embodiment. It is a figure which shows the heat accommodation control flow of 2nd embodiment. It is a figure which shows the structure of the heat accommodation control system 30 which concerns on 3rd embodiment. It is a figure which shows the heat accommodation control flow of 3rd embodiment.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to FIGS. Needless to say, the scope of the present invention is described in the claims and is not limited to the following embodiments.

<First embodiment>
FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a configuration of a heat interchange control system 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention. The heat accommodation control system 1 relates to heat storage accommodation control between the two consumers A and B. The consumer A includes a solar water heater 2a including a solar water heater 2a that collects solar heat and a hot water storage tank 2b that stores the collected heat as hot water. A backup water heater 2c is attached to the hot water storage tank 2b, and when the heat storage by the solar water heater 2a or the heat interchange from the customer B described later cannot cover the hot water load, the shortage can be backed up. Yes.

  The customer B includes a cogeneration system 4 including a fuel cell 4a and a hot water storage tank 4b. A backup gas water heater 4c is attached to the hot water storage tank 4b. The fuel cell 4a, the hot water storage tank 2b, and the hot water storage tank 4b are connected via a hot water pipe 3 so that heat can be exchanged between both consumers. A three-way valve 3a and a calorimeter 3b are disposed in the hot water pipe 3 path. By switching the three-way valve 3a, the exhaust heat of the fuel cell 4a recovered as hot water can be appropriately conveyed to the hot water storage tank 4b side or the hot water storage tank 2b side. The calorimeter 3b measures the amount of heat transported from the customer B side to the customer A side, and can be charged at any time.

Control of the heat interchange control system 1 is performed by the control device 5. The control device 5 includes a memory unit (not shown), and stores past environmental data (weather, temperature, water temperature, etc.) of customer A, solar heat collection performance data, hot water load performance data, etc. As will be described later, it is possible to calculate the amount of solar heat collected and the hot water load on the heat exchange target day. In addition, it stores customer B's past environmental data, power, hot water usage, usage pattern data, etc., and predicts and calculates the fuel cell startup time, operating time, operating pattern, etc. on the heat exchange target date. The operation schedule can be formulated. Furthermore, environmental data such as weather and temperature on the target day necessary for the prediction calculation can be acquired from the outside using, for example, the Internet line.
Furthermore, the measurement data of the calorimeter 3b is stored and can be charged if necessary.

  Note that the above-described fuel cell operation control logic can be applied in formulating the optimum operation schedule of the fuel cell.

Next, with reference to FIG. 2, the flow of power generation, heat storage control, and heat interchange control between consumers executed by the command of the control device 5 will be described. In the following control, for the sake of convenience, the operation control of the next day will be described as an example. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and the same applies to the control of any heat exchange target day.
First, the hot water load (Ha) of the consumer A is predicted (S101), and then the solar heat collection amount (Ha ′) is predicted and calculated (S102). Next, a comparison is made between the hot water load (Ha) and the heat collection amount (Ha ′) (S103). In the case of Ha ′ ≧ Ha (YES in S103), it is determined that it is not necessary to receive heat interchange, and the operation is performed by the independent operation control (S113).
When Ha ′ <Ha (NO in S103), that is, when it is predicted that the hot water load cannot be satisfied only by the solar water heater 2a, the process proceeds to the step of receiving heat interchange (S107 and subsequent steps).

  On the other hand, the prediction calculation of the next day's electric power load (Eb) and warm water load (Hb) is performed also about the consumer B (S104). Next, the hot water heat storage amount (Hb ′) by the electric main heat slave operation is predicted and calculated (.S105). Further, the hot water load (Hb) and the hot water heat storage amount (Hb ′) are compared (S106). When Hb ′ ≦ Hb (NO in S106), it is determined that there is no room for heat accommodation for customer A, and the operation is performed by independent operation control (S113).

If Hb ′> Hb (YES in S106), since heat exchange from the customer B to the customer A is possible, the fuel cell operation schedule formulation and power generation operation for securing the heat exchange amount are performed in the following steps. Take control.
First, a comparison is made between the total hot water storage amount (ΣH ′ = Ha ′ + Hb ′) and the total hot water load (ΣH = Ha + Hb) of both consumers (S107). Referring also to FIG. 3A, when ΣH ′> ΣH (YES in S107), Hb ″ = Ha + Hb−Ha ′ is set as a new warm water heat storage amount in order to secure heat storage commensurate with the total hot water load. Then, the optimal power generation schedule by the heat main operation is established (S108) In this case, the surplus heat storage amount ΔH (= Hb′−Hb) of the customer B is heat-exchanged to the customer A.
The “thermal main power operation” is to formulate an operation schedule so that the amount of heat storage is closest to the hot water load within the specified operation time zone and within the capacity range of the fuel cell.

Further, referring also to FIG. 3B, when ΣH ′ ≦ ΣH (NO in S107), an optimal power generation schedule by the above-described main heat driven operation is formulated (S109). In this case, the shortage ΔH ′ (= Ha− (Ha ′ + ΔH)) is further supplemented by the backup water heater 2c of the customer A.
As shown schematically in the upper part of FIG. 4A, the optimum power generation schedule is set within a range of 0.3 to 1.0 kW within a predetermined operation time zone (for example, 8:00 to 20:00). The operation is performed by changing the capacity corresponding to the power load.

Next, as shown in the middle and lower parts of the figure, the heat interchange for customer A and the heat transfer schedule for customer B are formulated so that each hot water storage tank is fully stored before the hot water load peak of consumers A and B. (S110).
In addition, in the case where it is not possible to secure the heat accommodation within the set operation time zone, as shown in FIG. 4 (b), for the customer B in the normal operation time zone (here, 8:00 to 20:00). It is also possible to formulate an operation schedule for securing heat accommodation for the customer A by storing heat and extending the operation time (for example, before 8:00 or after 20:00).

  Based on the formulation schedule, the fuel cell 4a is operated and the hot water is conveyed to the customer A (S111). After the scheduled operation ends (YES in S112), both the consumers A and B shift to independent operation (S113).

  In addition, although the example which used the gas water heater as a backup object was shown about the solar water heater system consumer in this embodiment, it can also be set as the aspect using another heat source, for example, an electric water heater.

<Second Embodiment>
Next, another embodiment of the present invention will be described. This embodiment relates to heat storage interchange control among three consumers. Referring to FIG. 5, the configuration of the heat interchange control system 20 according to the present embodiment is different from the above-described heat interchange control system 1 in that a solar water heating system customer A2 is added. That is, the consumer A1 includes a solar water heater system 22 including a solar water heater 22a and a hot water storage tank 22b, and the customer A2 includes a solar water heater system 25 including a solar water heater 25a and a hot water storage tank 25b. The consumer B1 includes a cogeneration system 24 including a fuel cell 24a and a hot water storage tank 24b. The hot water storage tanks are connected via a hot water pipe 23 so that the hot water can be accommodated from the consumer B to the consumers A1 and A2. A four-way valve 23a and calorimeters 23b and 23c are arranged in the hot water pipe 23 path, and the exhaust heat recovered by the fuel cell 24a by the four-way valve 23a is switched to the hot water storage tank 24b or the hot water storage tanks 22b and 25b. It is configured to be transportable. Further, the calorimeters 23b and 23c are configured to measure the amount of heat transported from the consumer B to the consumers A1 and A2 and to be charged.

  Next, control forms of power generation, heat storage, and heat interchange between consumers will be described. Referring to FIG. 6, similarly to the above-described embodiment, the hot water load (Ha (1)) and solar heat collection amount (Ha (1) ′) of customer A1 are predicted and calculated (S201, S202), and further hot water The load (Ha (1)) and the heat collection amount (Ha ′ (1)) are compared (S203). When Ha (1) ′ ≧ Ha (1) (YES in S203), it is determined that it is not necessary to receive heat interchange, and the operation is performed by independent operation control (S216). If it is predicted that Ha (1) ′ <Ha (1) (NO in S203), that is, the solar water heater 22a alone cannot satisfy the hot water load, the process proceeds to a step of receiving heat accommodation from the customer B (S107). Less than). The same steps as for the customer A1 are executed for the customer A2 (S207-S209).

  On the other hand, for the customer B, prediction calculation of the power load (Eb) and the hot water load (Hb) of the next day is performed (S204). Next, the past similar conditions are selected, and the hot water heat storage amount (Hb ′) by the electric main heat slave operation is predicted and calculated (S205). Further, a comparison is made between the hot water load (Hb) and the hot water heat storage amount (Hb ′) (S206). When Hb ′ ≦ Hb (NO in S206), it is determined that there is no room for heat interchange with the consumers A1 and A2, and the operation is performed by independent operation control (S216).

When Hb ′> Hb (YES in S206), the fuel cell power generation control and operation schedule formulation for heat interchange from the consumer B to the consumers A1 and A2 are performed.
A comparison is made between the total warm water storage amount (ΣH ′ = Ha (1) ′ + Ha (2) ′ + Hb ′) and the total hot water load (ΣH = Ha (1) + Ha (2) + Hb) of both consumers (S210). . When ΣH ′> ΣH (YES in S210), Hb ″ = ΣH− (Ha (1) ′ + Ha (2) ′) is set as a new hot water heat storage amount in order to obtain heat storage suitable for the total hot water load. Then, the optimum power generation schedule by the main heat follower operation is formulated (S211), and if ΣH ′ ≦ ΣH (NO in S210), the optimum power generation schedule by the above main heat follower operation is formulated (S212). ).

  Next, a heat accommodation schedule is formulated so that the hot water heat storage amount becomes the maximum before the hot water load peak of each consumer (S213), and the operation of the cogeneration system and the heat transfer to the consumers A1 and A2 based on the schedule. Is performed (S214). After the operation is completed (YES in S215), all the consumers shift to the independent operation (S216).

<Third embodiment>
Furthermore, another embodiment of the present invention will be described. Although this embodiment is the same as that of the above-mentioned embodiment in the point which concerns on the heat storage accommodation control between 3 consumers, the structure of the heat accommodation control system 30 which concerns on this embodiment differs from the above-mentioned heat accommodation control system 20. The point is that it is composed of two cogeneration customers and one solar hot water system customer.

  Referring to FIG. 7, customer A includes a solar water heating system 32 including a solar water heater 32a and a hot water storage tank 32b. The consumer B1 includes a cogeneration system 34 including a fuel cell 34a and a hot water storage tank 34b. The consumer B2 includes a cogeneration system 36 including a fuel cell 36a and a hot water storage tank 36b. Each fuel cell and each hot water storage tank are connected via a hot water pipe 33 so that hot water can be accommodated from the consumers B1 and B2 to the customer A. Three-way valves 33a and 33b and calorimeters 33c and 33d are disposed in the hot water pipe 33 path, and exhaust heat recovered in the fuel cells 34a and 36a is converted into a hot water storage tank of the home or customer A by switching the three-way valve. 32b can be conveyed. Further, the calorimeters 33c and 33d measure the amount of heat transported from the consumers B1 and B2 to the customer A, and can be charged at any time.

  Next, with reference to FIG. 8, the control form of the electric power generation of each consumer, heat storage control, and the heat interchange between consumers is demonstrated. For the customer A, the hot water load (Ha) and the solar heat collection amount (Ha ′) are predicted and calculated (S301, S302), and the hot water load (Ha) and the heat collection amount (Ha ′) are compared (S303). When Ha ′ ≧ Ha (YES in S303), it is determined that it is not necessary to receive heat interchange, and the operation is performed by independent operation control (S316). When Ha ′ <Ha (NO in S303), that is, when it is predicted that the hot water load cannot be satisfied only by the solar water heater 32a, the process proceeds to a step of receiving heat accommodation from the consumers B1 and B2 (S107 and below).

On the other hand, for the consumer B1, prediction calculation of the power load (Eb (1)) and the hot water load (Hb (1)) of the next day is performed (S304). Next, a past similar condition is selected, and the hot water heat storage amount (Hb (1) ′) by the main heat follower operation is predicted and calculated (S305). Further, the warm water load (Hb (1)) and the warm water heat storage amount (Hb (1) ′) are compared (S306). If Hb (1) ′ ≦ Hb (1) (NO in S306), it is determined that there is no room for heat exchange with customer A, and the operation is performed by independent operation control (S316). If Hb (1) ′> Hb (1) (YES in S306), fuel cell power generation control and operation schedule formulation for heat interchange from customer B1 to customer A are performed (S310 and thereafter).
The same steps as for the customer B1 are executed for the customer B2 (S307-S309).

In the case of Hb (1) ′> Hb (1) or Hb (2) ′> Hb (2) (YES in S306 or 309), heat exchange from customer B1, B2 to customer A Fuel cell power generation control and operation schedule formulation.
A comparison is made between the total warm water storage amount (ΣH ′ = Ha ′ + Hb (1) ′ + Hb (2) ′) and the total warm water load (ΣH = Ha + Hb (1) + Hb (2)) of both consumers (S310). If ΣH ′> ΣH (YES in S310), in order to obtain heat storage commensurate with the total hot water load, Hb (1) ”+ Hb (2)” = ΣH−Ha is set as a new hot water heat storage amount, A power generation schedule is established for the batteries 34a and 34b by the heat main operation (S311).
In addition, the share ratio of the heat exchange amount of the consumers B1 and B2 is the ratio (Hb (1) "/ Hb (2)") of each excess heat storage amount and the ratio of the hot water storage amount (Hb (1) '/ Hb (2) ′) is adjusted to be equal. When the integrated values of the calorimeters 33c and 33d reach Hb (1) "and Hb (2)", respectively, the heat transfer is finished.
Further, when ΣH ′ ≦ ΣH (NO in S310), a power generation schedule based on the above-described main heat driven operation is formulated (S312).

  Next, a heat interchange schedule is formulated so as to maximize the amount of stored hot water before the peak of the hot water load of each consumer (S313), and the fuel cells 34a and 34b are operated based on the established schedule, and the consumer A The heat transfer to is performed (S314). After the operation is completed (YES in S315), each customer shifts to independent operation (S316).

  In addition, although each said embodiment illustrated about the heat interchange control method between a maximum of 3 consumers, the case where it is more than 4 consumers can also be handled by the same method. In this case, the consumer configuration (A: B = 1: 1, 1: 2, 2: 1) of each embodiment can be handled as a unit unit corresponding to the number of consumers as a unit unit.

  The present invention is widely applicable not only to home use but also to heat interchange control systems for other uses such as business use having the same control configuration.

1, 20, 30... Heat interchange control systems 2, 22, 25, 32... Solar water heater systems 2 a, 22 a, 25 a, 32 a, solar water heaters 2 b, 22 b, 25 b, 32 b,. Hot water storage tanks 2c, 22c, 24c, 25c, 32c, 34c, 36c ... backup hot water heaters 3, 23, 33 ... transport pipes 3a, 33a, 33b ... three-way valves 3b, 23b, 33b ... Calorimeter 4, 24, 34, 36 ... Cogeneration system 4a, 24a, 34a, 36a ... Fuel cell 4b, 24b, 34b, 36b ... Hot water storage tank 5, 25, 35 ... Control Device 23a ... Four-way valve A, A1, A2 ... Solar hot water system user B, B1, B2 ... Cogeneration system user

Claims (2)

Heat from one or more cogeneration customers (hereinafter referred to as “customer B”) to one or more solar hot water system users (hereinafter referred to as “customer A”) to accommodate the shortage of hot water load from time to time It is an accommodation control method, about the control object date,
Among consumers A, there is one or more consumers Ai in which the predicted hot water load ((Ha (i)) exceeds the predicted heat collection value (Ha ′ (i)), and
Among the consumers B, the hot water heat storage amount (Hb (j) ′) when the electric main heat slave operation is performed corresponding to the predicted power load value ((Eb (j)) is the hot water load predicted value (Hb (j)). ) If there is one or more consumers Bj exceeding
Part or all of the total hot water shortage (ΣΔHa (i) = Σ (Ha (i) −Ha (i) ′)) of the one or more consumers Ai is used as the hot water surplus of the one or more consumers Bi Formulate a power generation schedule for the one or more consumers Bj so that the total (ΣΔHb (j) = Σ (Hb (j) ′ − Hb (j))) can be accommodated.
A heat accommodation control method characterized by the above. The claim 1, further comprising:
Before the peak of the hot water load of each consumer, a schedule for conveying hot water from the consumer Bj to the consumer Ai so as to maximize the amount of warm water stored in each consumer is established. Method.

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