JP2012158431A - Magnetic unit, and magnetic guide apparatus for elevator - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a compact magnetic unit that facilitates assembling performance and has high anchoring strength without impairing control performance, and to provide a magnetic guide apparatus for an elevator.SOLUTION: The magnetic unit 6 includes: an internal magnetic part 17 composed of permanent magnets 13a, 13b having magnet poles facing via a space from three directions with respect to a magnetic material, and magnet cores 12a, 12b; and external eelctrromagnetic parts 18a, 18b that are located outside a magnetic circuit formed of the internal magnetic part 17 and the magnetic member, and composed of electromagnets 16a, 16b having magnetic poles in the vicinity poles of the permanent materials 13a, 13b and the magnet cores 14a, 14b.

Description

  Embodiments described herein relate generally to a magnet unit that uses a magnetic force to support a moving body in a non-contact manner, and to a magnetic guide device for an elevator using the magnet unit.

  In general, an elevator car is supported by a pair of guide rails installed vertically in a hoistway and travels through a rope wound around a hoisting machine. At that time, the swing of the car caused by imbalance of load load or movement of passengers is suppressed by the guide rail.

  Here, as a guide device used for an elevator car, a roller guide composed of a wheel and a suspension in contact with the guide rail, or a guide shoe that slides and guides the guide rail is used. However, in such a contact-type guide device, vibration and noise are generated due to distortion and joints of the guide rail, and noise is generated when the roller guide rotates. For this reason, there existed a problem that the comfort of an elevator was impaired.

  In order to solve such problems, a method of guiding a car without contact has been proposed.

  That is, there is a method in which a magnetic guide device composed of an electromagnet is mounted on a car, and a magnetic force is applied to an iron guide rail to guide the car in a non-contact manner. This is because the electromagnets arranged at the four corners of the car surround the guide rail from three directions, and the electromagnet is controlled to be excited according to the size of the gap between the guide rail and the guide device. On the other hand, it is a non-contact guide.

  In addition, as a means for solving the decrease in controllability and the increase in power consumption, which are problems in the structure using the electromagnet, there is a method using a permanent magnet. By using a permanent magnet and an electromagnet together, it is possible to realize a magnetic guide device that supports a car with low rigidity and a long stroke while suppressing power consumption.

  Furthermore, as a method using a permanent magnet, a configuration in which the configuration of the permanent magnet and the electromagnet is improved to improve the magnetic force controllability by the electromagnet has been proposed.

  Here, in a magnetic guide device using both a permanent magnet and an electromagnet, the structural strength and the assemblability greatly differ depending on the configuration of the magnet unit. In a general magnet unit configuration, the coil is disposed between the permanent magnet and the magnetic pole. That is, a large number of coils are arranged near the center of the magnet unit.

JP-A-5-178563 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2001-19286 JP-A-2005-350267

  Since permanent magnets and coils constituting the magnet unit do not have mechanical strength, it is assumed that fixing is performed at the iron core portion. However, since the coil is wound around the iron core portion, the arrangement of the fixing member is limited and the assembly is difficult. In addition, it is necessary to install fixing members on the upper and lower sides of the magnet unit while avoiding the thickness portion of the coil wound around the iron core, and the size increases in the height direction and the fixing strength tends to decrease.

  The problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a magnetic unit and an elevator magnetic guide device that are easy to assemble, have high fixing strength, and can be miniaturized without impairing controllability.

  The magnet unit according to the present embodiment is formed by an internal magnet portion composed of a permanent magnet having a magnetic pole facing the magnetic member from three directions through a gap and an iron core, and the internal magnet portion and the magnetic member. An external electromagnet unit including an electromagnet having a magnetic pole in the vicinity of both magnetic poles of the permanent magnet and an iron core is provided outside the magnetic circuit.

  The magnetic guide device for an elevator according to the present embodiment is installed on a guide rail including a magnetic body, a car that moves along the guide rail, and a part of the car facing the guide rail. An inner magnet portion composed of a permanent magnet and an iron core, which has a magnetic pole that supports the carriage in a non-contact manner with respect to the guide rail by action and has a magnetic pole facing the guide rail from three directions through a gap, A magnet unit that is located outside a magnetic circuit formed by an internal magnet portion and a guide rail and includes an external electromagnet portion that includes an electromagnet having a magnetic pole in the vicinity of both magnetic poles of the permanent magnet and an iron core, and the magnet unit A sensor unit that detects the state of the magnetic circuit, and a control unit that controls the magnetic force of the magnet unit based on a detection signal of the sensor unit.

FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing a configuration when the magnetic guide device according to the first embodiment is applied to an elevator car. FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing the configuration of the magnetic guide device according to the embodiment. FIG. 3 is a perspective view showing a configuration of a magnet unit provided in the magnetic guide device in the same embodiment. FIG. 4 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a magnetic guide control device for performing magnetic force control of the magnetic guide device in the same embodiment. FIG. 5 is a plan view of the configuration of the magnet unit provided in the magnetic guide device according to the embodiment as viewed from above. FIG. 6 is a view showing a state in which the magnet unit in the embodiment is displaced in the x direction. FIG. 7 is a view showing a state where the magnet unit in the same embodiment is displaced in the y direction. FIG. 8 is a view showing a magnetic flux distribution when the magnet unit in the same embodiment is in a neutral position with respect to the guide rail. FIG. 9 is a diagram showing a magnetic flux distribution when the magnet unit in the embodiment is displaced in the x direction. FIG. 10 is a diagram showing a magnetic flux distribution when the magnet unit in the embodiment is displaced in the y direction. FIG. 11 is a diagram showing a magnetic flux distribution when the electromagnet of the magnet unit in the same embodiment is excited in the same direction as the permanent magnet. FIG. 12 is a diagram showing a magnetic flux distribution when the electromagnet of the magnet unit in the same embodiment is excited in the opposite direction to the permanent magnet. FIG. 13 is a diagram showing a magnetic flux distribution when one electromagnet of the magnet unit in the same embodiment is excited in the same direction as the permanent magnet and at the same time the other electromagnet is excited in the opposite direction to the permanent magnet b. FIG. 14 is a diagram showing the characteristics when the electromagnet of the magnet unit in the same embodiment is arranged outside and excited. FIG. 15 is a diagram showing the relationship between the current and magnetic force of the magnet unit in the same embodiment. FIG. 16 is a perspective view when the magnetic guide device is configured using the magnet unit in the embodiment. FIG. 17 is a perspective view showing a conventional magnet unit. FIG. 18 is a perspective view of a magnetic guide device configured using a conventional magnet unit. FIG. 19 is a plan view of the configuration of the magnetic guide device according to the embodiment as viewed from above. FIG. 20 is a perspective view showing the configuration of the magnetic guide device according to the second embodiment. FIG. 21 is a plan view of the configuration of the magnetic guide device according to the embodiment as viewed from above. FIG. 22 is a plan view when the configuration of the magnet unit according to the third embodiment is viewed from above.

  Hereinafter, embodiments will be described with reference to the drawings.

(First embodiment)
FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing a configuration when the magnetic guide device according to the first embodiment is applied to an elevator car.

  In the elevator hoistway 1, a pair of guide rails 2 made of a ferromagnetic material are erected. The car 4 is suspended by a rope 3 hung on a hoisting machine (not shown). The car 4 moves up and down along the guide rail 2 as the hoisting machine is driven to rotate. In addition, 4a in a figure is a car door, and it opens and closes when the car 4 is landing on each floor.

  Here, in FIG. 1, the horizontal direction of the car 4 is x, the front-rear direction is y, and the vertical direction is z.

  Magnetic guide devices 5 are respectively attached to the connecting portions at the upper, lower, left and right corners of the car frame 4 b of the car 4 so as to face the guide rail 2. As will be described later, by controlling the magnetic force of the magnetic guide device 5, the car 4 can float from the guide rail 2 and travel without contact.

  FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing the configuration of the magnetic guide device 5.

  The magnetic guide device 5 includes a plurality of gap sensors 7 for detecting a physical quantity (gap between the magnet unit 6 and the guide rail 2) formed between the magnet unit 6 and the guide rail 2, and It is comprised with the base 8 which is supporting. Further, the surface of the guide rail 2 facing the car, that is, the surface perpendicular to the x direction is defined as a first guide surface 9a, and the car door 4a side of the surface orthogonal to the longitudinal direction of the car, that is, the y direction is defined as the second guide. The surface 9b and the opposite side are referred to as a third guide surface 9c.

  In addition, the magnetic guide apparatus 5 is provided in the connection part of the four corners of the upper / lower / left / right sides of the car frame 4b of the car 4, as shown in FIG. 1, and each has the same configuration.

  FIG. 3 is a perspective view showing the configuration of the magnet unit 6 provided in the magnetic guide device 5.

  The magnet unit 6 includes an internal magnet portion 17 and a pair of external electromagnet portions 18a and 18b.

  The internal magnet portion 17 includes a central iron core 11, a pair of side iron cores 12a and 12b, and two permanent magnets 13a and 13b interposed between the central iron core 11 and the side iron cores 12a and 12b. .

  The central iron core 11 has an end surface that is installed so as to face the first guide surface 9 a of the guide rail 2. The side iron cores 12a and 12b have end surfaces arranged so as to face the second guide surface 9b and the third guide surface 9c.

  The outer electromagnet portions 18a and 18b are arranged on both side surfaces of the inner magnet portion 17, and are first electromagnets composed of U-shaped outer iron cores 14a and 14b and coils 15a and 15b wound around the outer iron cores 14a and 14b. 16a and the second electromagnet 16b.

  Spacers 20a, 20b, 20c, and 20d made of a non-magnetic material are disposed between the inner magnet portion 17 and the outer magnet portions 18a and 18b, and a magnetic gap is formed therebetween.

  Here, let the edge part which opposes the 1st guide surface 9a of the central iron core 11 be the 1st magnetic pole 19a. Further, the end portions of the side cores 12a and 12b facing the second guide surface 9b and the third guide surface 9c are referred to as a second magnetic pole 19b and a third magnetic pole 19c, respectively. With such a configuration, the first magnetic pole 19a, the second magnetic pole 19b, and the third magnetic pole 19c are orthogonal to each other via the guide rail 2, and the internal magnet portion 17 is formed in an E shape as a whole. .

  In such a configuration, the coils 15a and 15b are arranged outside the magnet unit 6 to configure the external magnet portions 18a and 18b, which is different from the conventional configuration. Further, nonmagnetic spacers 20a and 20b are interposed between the inner magnet portion 17 and the outer magnet portion 18a, and nonmagnetic spacers 20c and 20d are interposed between the inner magnet portion 17 and the outer magnet portion 18b. This is different from the conventional configuration. The difference between the configuration of the present embodiment and the conventional configuration will be described in detail later with reference to FIG.

  The magnet unit 6 is installed on the car 4 so that the three magnetic poles 19a, 19b, and 19c are opposed to the guide surfaces 9a, 9b, and 9c of the guide rail 2 through a gap. Therefore, a magnetic flux caused by the permanent magnets 13a, 13b and the electromagnets 16a, 16b is formed between the magnetic poles 19a, 19b, 19c of the magnet unit 6 and the guide surfaces 9a, 9b, 9c of the guide rail 2. A predetermined magnetic force is generated according to the size of the gap and the current flowing through the coils 15a and 15b.

  Thereby, it is possible to arbitrarily manipulate the magnetic force generated between the magnet unit 6 and the guide rail 2 by manipulating the current flowing through the coils 15a and 15b of the electromagnets 16a and 16b. Accordingly, the voltage calculated based on the state quantity of the magnetic circuit of the magnet unit 6 detected by the gap sensor 7 and the like is excited in the coils 15a and 15b, and the magnetic force is appropriately controlled, so that the guide rail 2 and the magnetic guide are controlled. The device 5 (the car 4) can be stably supported without being brought into contact with the device 5.

  FIG. 4 is a block diagram showing the configuration of the magnetic guide control device 21 for controlling the magnetic force of the magnetic guide device 5.

  The magnetic guide control device 21 includes a sensor unit 22, a control calculator 23, and a driver 24, and controls the attractive forces of the magnet units 6 installed at the four corners of the car 4. In FIG. 4, the sensor unit 22 is shown for convenience, but actually, a part of the sensor unit 22 is provided outside the control device such as the magnetic guide device 5.

  The sensor unit 22 is for detecting the state of the magnetic circuit of the magnet unit 6, and includes a gap sensor 7 that detects the size of the gap between the magnet unit 6 and the guide rail 2, an external electromagnet unit 18 a, The current sensor 25 detects the value of the current flowing through the coils 15a and 15b of 18b.

  The control calculator 23 calculates the voltage applied to the coils 15a and 15b of the external electromagnet portions 18a and 18b so as to guide the car 4 in a non-contact manner based on the signal from the sensor portion 22.

  The driver 24 supplies power to the coils 15a and 15b of the external electromagnet portions 18a and 18b based on the output of the control calculator 23.

  In such a configuration, in order to maintain a predetermined gap length between the magnet unit 6 and the guide rail 2, the current value flowing through the coils 15a and 15b is controlled. Further, the current value flowing through the coils 15a and 15b is fed back via an integrator while the car 4 is supported in a non-contact manner. Thus, when in a steady state, so-called “zero power control” is performed in which the car 4 is supported by the magnetic force of only the permanent magnets 13a and 13b regardless of the weight of the car 4 and the magnitude of the unbalanced force.

  By this zero power control, the car 4 is stably supported without contact with the guide rail 2. In a steady state, the current flowing through the coils 15a and 15b converges to zero, and the force required for stable support is only the magnetic force of the permanent magnets 13a and 13b.

  This is the same even when the weight or balance of the car 4 changes. That is, when some external force is applied to the car 4, current flows transiently through the coils 15a and 15b in order to converge the gap between the magnet unit 6 and the guide rail 2 to a predetermined size. However, when the stable state is reached again, the current flowing through the coils 15a and 15b converges to zero by using the above control method. And the space | gap of a magnitude | size with which the load added to the cage | basket | car 4 and the attraction force which generate | occur | produces with the magnetic force of permanent magnet 13a, 13b balance is formed.

  FIG. 5 shows a plan view of the configuration of the magnet unit 6 in the present embodiment as viewed from above. Moreover, the outline of the main magnetic flux which passes the magnet unit 6 and the guide rail 2 in a figure is shown with a broken line.

  An internal magnet portion 17 that forms a main magnetic flux in the magnet unit 6 is disposed in the vicinity of the guide rail 2. Therefore, the magnetic path of the permanent magnet magnetic flux 31a formed by the permanent magnets 13a and 13b is relatively short, and the overall magnetic resistance is reduced. Therefore, the magnetic force of the permanent magnets 13a and 13b can be applied to the guide rail 2 more strongly than before. That is, when the permanent magnets 13a and 13b have the same size, a stronger magnetic force can be applied. On the other hand, if the required magnetic force is made equal, the magnetic force can be realized by the small permanent magnets 13a and 13b.

  Furthermore, the electromagnets 16a and 16b are disposed outside the magnetic path formed by the permanent magnets 13a and 13b, and the magnetic path of the magnetic flux formed by the electromagnets 16a and 16b and the guide rail 2 is referred to as electromagnet magnetic fluxes 32a and 32b. At that time, by arranging the magnetic poles of the electromagnets 16a and 16b in the vicinity of the magnetic poles of the permanent magnets 13a and 13b, part of the electromagnet magnetic fluxes 32a and 32b can be formed to overlap the permanent magnet magnetic fluxes 31a to 31d. As a result, the magnetic flux passing through the gap between the guide rail 2 and the magnetic poles 19a, 19b, 19c is arranged such that the permanent magnet magnetic flux 31a, 31b and the electromagnet magnetic flux 32a, 32b coexist.

  As described above, the permanent magnets 13a and 13b are arranged inside the magnet unit 6 and the electromagnets 16a and 16b are arranged outside, so that the internal magnet portion 17 forms magnetic force due to the permanent magnets 13a and 13b, and the external electromagnet portion 18a. , 18b forms a magnetic force due to the electromagnets 16a, 16b. Thereby, the magnetic force of the magnet unit 6 with respect to the guide rail 2 can be adjusted and the position can be controlled by controlling the magnetic force of the electromagnets 16a and 16b.

  Here, the state of the magnetic force that the magnet unit 6 of the present embodiment acts on the guide rail 2 will be described in detail.

(A) Neutral state
FIG. 5 shows an outline of the main magnetic flux formed between the magnet unit 6 and the guide rail 2 in the neutral position. When the electromagnets 16a and 16b are not excited, the magnetic fluxes formed by the permanent magnets 13a and 13b are the permanent magnet magnetic fluxes 31a and 31b formed between the guide rails and the external electromagnet portions 18a and 18b. It is largely separated into two permanent magnet magnetic fluxes 31c and 31d formed therebetween.

  When the relative positional relationship between the magnet unit 6 and the guide rail 2 is in a neutral state, the nonmagnetic spacers 20a, 20b, 20c, which are interposed between the inner magnet portion 17 and the outer electromagnet portions 18a, 18b, 20d becomes a magnetic resistance, and most of the magnetic flux does not flow into the external electromagnet portions 18a and 18b.

  At that time, the distance of the nonmagnetic portion by the spacers 20a, 20b, 20c, and 20d is set to be equal to or more than the gap formed when the magnet unit 6 and the guide rail 2 are in the neutral position. It is desirable to prevent the permanent magnet magnetic fluxes 31c and 31d formed on the external electromagnet portions 18a and 18b from becoming too large.

(B) State displaced in the x direction
FIG. 6 is a view showing a state in which the magnet unit 6 is displaced in the x direction.

  When the magnet unit 6 (car 4) is displaced in the x direction and approaches the guide rail 2, the magnetic flux passing through the first guide surface 9a and the first magnetic pole 19a becomes stronger, and the attractive force in the x direction becomes stronger.

(C) State displaced in the y direction
FIG. 7 is a view showing a state in which the magnet unit 6 is displaced in the y direction.

  When the magnet unit 6 is displaced in the y direction and approaches the guide rail 2, the magnetic gap between the second guide surface 9b and the second magnetic pole 19b is reduced, and the magnetic resistance contributing to the permanent magnet magnetic flux 31a is reduced. The magnetic resistance contributing to the permanent magnet magnetic flux 31c becomes relatively large. Therefore, the magnetic flux that rotates toward the external electromagnet portions 18 a and 18 ba becomes relatively small, and most of the magnetic flux is formed between the magnet unit 6 and the guide rail 2.

  On the other hand, since the gap between the third guide surface 9c and the third magnetic pole 19c widens, the magnetic resistance increases, the permanent magnet magnetic flux 31b weakens, and the permanent magnet magnetic flux 31d magnetic flux increases. Therefore, as a result, the force acting in the y direction becomes stronger between the second guide surface 9b and the second magnetic pole 19b, and becomes weaker between the third guide surface 9c and the third magnetic pole 19c, so that a magnetic force in the y direction can be obtained.

  At this time, in the case of the conventional configuration without the external electromagnet portions 18a and 18b, the magnetic resistance in the magnetic circuit simply changes depending on the distance between the magnet unit 6 and the guide rail 2 in the change ratio of the magnetic force with respect to the displacement. It changed only in minutes, and was obtained as the amount of change in magnetic flux according to it.

  On the other hand, in the configuration of the present embodiment, the magnetic resistance between the magnet unit 6 and the guide rail 2 is increased and the magnetic flux is weakened. At the same time, the magnetic flux that rotates around the external electromagnet portions 18a and 18b is increased. A significant change in magnetic flux will occur. Therefore, the change rate of the magnetic force can be increased as compared with the conventional configuration, and as a result, the magnet unit 6 can be downsized.

  Next, the magnetic flux distribution of the magnet unit 6 in each of the above states will be described with reference to FIGS.

(A) Neutral state
FIG. 8 is a diagram showing a magnetic flux distribution when the magnet unit 6 is in a neutral position with respect to the guide rail 2. Arrows indicate the direction of magnetic flux.

  When the electromagnets 16a and 16b are not excited and the magnet unit 6 is in a neutral position with respect to the guide rail 2, the magnetic flux formed by the permanent magnets 13a and 13b is generated between the guide rail 2 and the internal magnet unit 17. Between the outer electromagnet portions 18a and 18b.

(B) State displaced in the x direction
FIG. 9 is a diagram showing a magnetic flux distribution when the magnet unit 6 is displaced in the x direction. Arrows indicate the direction of magnetic flux.

  When the magnet unit 6 (the car 4) is displaced in the x direction and the distance in the x direction between the magnet unit 6 and the guide rail 2 becomes short, the first guide surface 9a and the first magnetic pole 19a The magnetic resistance in the direction decreases, and the magnetic flux increases, so that the magnetic force in the x direction increases.

(C) State displaced in the y direction
FIG. 10 is a diagram showing a magnetic flux distribution when the magnet unit 6 is displaced in the y direction. Arrows indicate the direction of magnetic flux.

  When the magnet unit 6 is displaced in the y direction, the distance in the y direction between the second guide surface 9b of the magnet unit 6 and the second magnetic pole 19b is shortened. Therefore, the magnetic resistance between the second guide surface 9b and the second magnetic pole 19b is reduced, and the magnetic resistance rotates between the internal magnet portions 18a and 18b and the guide rail 2 rather than the magnetic flux rotating toward the external electromagnet portions 18a and 18b. Magnetic flux is strengthened. On the other hand, the magnetic resistance increases between the third guide surface 9c and the third magnetic pole 19c which are separated from each other, and the magnetic flux turns to the external electromagnet portions 18a and 18b having a relatively small magnetic resistance. A large force acts in the y direction.

  Next, the case where the electromagnets 16a and 16b of the magnet unit 6 are excited will be described with reference to FIGS.

(A) Excitation in the same direction FIG. 11 is a diagram showing a magnetic flux distribution when the electromagnets 16a and 16b of the magnet unit 6 are excited in the same direction as the permanent magnets 13a and 13b. Arrows indicate the direction of magnetic flux.

  When the electromagnets 16a and 16b of the magnet unit 6 are excited so that a magnetic flux is formed in the same direction as the permanent magnets 13a and 13b, the magnetic flux is formed as shown in FIG. At this time, before the electromagnets 16a and 16b are excited, the magnetic fluxes of the permanent magnets 13a and 13b that have turned to the external electromagnet portions 18a and 18b are less likely to flow to the external iron cores 14a and 14b. As a result, the magnetic flux between the internal magnet portion 17 and the guide rail 2 is strengthened.

  That is, when the electromagnets 16a, 16b are excited in the same direction as the permanent magnets 13a, 13b, the magnetic flux between all the guide surfaces 9a, 9b, 9c and all the magnetic poles 19, 19b, 19c is strengthened. For this reason, the magnetic force acting on the second guide surface 9b and the second magnetic pole 19b and the magnetic force acting on the third guide surface 9c and the third magnetic pole 19c cancel each other, and as a result, the first guide surface 9a and the first magnetic pole Only the magnetic force increasing with respect to 19a affects. Thereby, the magnetic force in the x direction can be obtained.

(B) Excitation in the reverse direction FIG. 12 is a diagram showing the magnetic flux distribution when the electromagnets 16a and 16b of the magnet unit 6 are excited in the reverse direction to the permanent magnets 13a and 13b. Arrows indicate the direction of magnetic flux.

  When the electromagnets 16a and 16b are excited in the opposite direction to the permanent magnets 13a and 13b, the magnetic flux distribution is as shown in FIG. That is, the magnetic flux formed by the permanent magnets 13a and 13b is drawn to the external electromagnets 18a and 18b side. Therefore, the magnetic flux formed between each guide surface 9a, 9b, 9c and each magnetic pole 19, 19b, 19c becomes weak, and magnetic force can be reduced. In this case, the magnetic force change in the y direction is canceled out, and as a result, the magnetic force in the x direction can be reduced.

(C) Exciting one in the same direction and the other in the opposite direction FIG. 13 excites one electromagnet 16a of the magnet unit 6 in the same direction as the permanent magnet 13a and simultaneously exciting the other electromagnet 16b in the opposite direction to the permanent magnet 13b. It is a figure which shows the magnetic flux distribution at the time of doing. Arrows indicate the direction of magnetic flux.

  When the electromagnet 16a is excited in the same direction as the permanent magnet 13a and at the same time the opposite electromagnet 16b is excited in the opposite direction to the permanent magnet 13b, the magnetic flux formed by the permanent magnet 13a is caused by the action of the electromagnet 16a. It acts between the surface 9b and the second magnetic pole 19b.

  On the other hand, the magnetic flux formed by the permanent magnet 13b is difficult to turn to the third magnetic pole 19c side due to the action of the electromagnet 16b, and is attracted to the external iron core 14b side, so that the magnetic force with the third guide surface 9c is weakened. . As a result, a magnetic force in the y direction can be obtained. Further, by exciting the electromagnet 16a and the electromagnet 16b in opposite directions, a force in the -y direction can be obtained.

  Next, characteristics when the electromagnets 16a and 16b of the magnet unit 6 are arranged outside and excited as in the present embodiment will be described.

  FIG. 14 is a diagram showing characteristics when the electromagnets 16a and 16b of the magnet unit 6 are arranged outside and excited. Arrows indicate the direction of magnetic flux. FIG. 15 is a diagram showing the relationship between the current and magnetic force of the magnet unit 6. In the figure, a represents the characteristics of the present embodiment, and b represents the characteristics of the conventional configuration.

  When the electromagnets 16a and 16b of the magnet unit 6 are arranged and excited as in the present embodiment, the electromagnets 16a and 16b are arranged in the magnetic circuit of the permanent magnets 13a and 13b as in the conventional configuration. Different characteristics can be obtained.

  That is, as shown in FIG. 14, when the magnet unit 6 is displaced in the y direction and the electromagnets 16a and 16b are excited so as to obtain a magnetic force in the -y direction, the second magnetic pole 19b closer to the guide rail 2 is applied to the second magnetic pole 19b. A state in which almost no magnetic flux is formed can be created.

  From this state, the current flowing through the coils 15a and 15b is further increased to weaken the magnetic force between the second guide surface 9b and the second magnetic pole 19b, and between the third guide surface 9c and the third magnetic pole 19c. Let's increase the magnetic flux.

  In such a case, in the conventional configuration in which the coil is disposed in the vicinity of the magnetic pole, the polarity of the magnetic pole is reversed and the magnetic force that has been weakened is reversed in the direction of increasing the magnetic force. That is, as shown by the characteristic b shown by the broken line in FIG. 15, a reverse magnetic force is generated while increasing the current. For this reason, it is necessary to set the upper limit value of the current before reversing the magnetic force, and there is a disadvantage that the control becomes difficult.

  On the other hand, in the configuration of the present embodiment, even when a larger current flows, the magnetic flux only increases between the permanent magnet 13a and the external iron core 14a in the state shown in FIG. 14, and the second magnetic pole 19b. The magnetic flux is hardly increased by reversing the polarity. Therefore, the characteristic a shown by the solid line in FIG. 15 is obtained, and there is an advantage that even if the current is increased, the direction of the magnetic force is not reversed and control is easy. This characteristic can achieve the same effect in the x direction, and it is possible to avoid reversing and strengthening the polarity of the magnetic pole when the magnetic force is weakened.

  FIG. 16 is a perspective view when the magnetic guide device 5 is configured using the magnet unit 6 in the present embodiment. In addition, about the structure of the magnet unit 6, it is the same as that of FIG. 3, and the code | symbol of each part is abbreviate | omitted.

  In order to constitute the magnetic guide device 5, the shape of the magnet unit 6 is fixed, and the upper and lower sides of the magnet unit 6 are sandwiched between a unit upper plate 41 and a unit lower plate 42 for arranging sensors and the like.

  On the outer surfaces of the unit upper plate 41 and the unit lower plate 42, the gap sensor 7 is installed via the sensor base 43. The gap sensor 7 detects the relative distance between the guide rail 2 and the magnet unit 6. At this time, flat surfaces are secured above and below the internal magnet portion 17 of the magnet unit 6. Therefore, the unit upper plate 41 and the unit lower plate 42 can be directly fixed to the magnet unit 6, and the gap sensor 7 and sensor base as shown in FIG. 16 are provided on the surfaces of the unit upper plate 41 and the unit lower plate 42. A space for arranging 43 can be secured.

  The unit upper plate 41 and the unit lower plate 42 are provided with guides 44 made of a low friction resin. The guide 44 protects the magnet unit 6 when in contact with the guide rail 2 and has a role as solid lubrication at the time of contact.

  The iron cores 11, 12a, 12b of the magnet unit 6 are fixed to the unit upper plate 41 and the unit lower plate 42 by the fastening bolts 45, and the external iron cores 14a, 14b of the external electromagnet portions 18a, 18b are similarly fixed. The shape of the magnet unit 6 can be secured firmly.

  An example of the fixing position of the fastening bolt is shown in FIG. FIG. 19 is a plan view of the configuration of the magnetic guide device 5 as viewed from above. Since the base 8 and the iron core 11 can be firmly fixed by the fastening bolt 46, the rigidity of the entire magnetic guide device 5 can be sufficiently increased.

  Here, with reference to FIG. 17 and FIG. 18, the difference between the magnet unit of the conventional configuration and the magnet unit of the configuration of the present embodiment will be described.

  FIG. 17 is a perspective view showing a conventional magnet unit, and FIG. 18 is a perspective view when a magnetic guide device is configured using the conventional magnet unit. A conventional magnetic unit is indicated by 6 ', and a magnetic guide device using the magnet unit is indicated by 5'.

  As shown in FIG. 17, in the magnet unit 6 ', coils 15a' to 15d 'are disposed between the permanent magnets 13a and 13b and the magnetic poles. In order to install the unit upper plate 41 and the unit lower plate 42 in the magnet unit 6 ', it is necessary to form a plane while avoiding the steps formed by the coils 15a' to 15d '. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 18, the height of the coils 15 a ′ to 15 d ′ is raised by interposing the fixing jig 50.

  When the magnetic guide device 5 ′ is configured using such a fixing jig 50, not only the number of parts is increased, but it is difficult to secure a reference surface when assembling the magnet unit 6 ′. Damaged.

  In addition, since only the fixing jig 50 is in direct contact with the magnet unit 6 ′, it is necessary to firmly fix the magnet unit 6 ′ with the fixing jig 50. However, although the vicinity of the permanent magnets 13a and 13b of the magnet unit 6 'can be fixed relatively firmly, the vicinity of the magnetic poles must be fixed while avoiding the coils 15a and 15b, so that a space is secured. Is difficult. Further, since there are no parts that serve as a basis for fixing in the vicinity, it is difficult to fix firmly. Even if it is firmly fixed, it is difficult to obtain sufficient strength because it is necessary to fill the space between the unit upper plate 41 and the unit lower plate 42 using a jig.

  Further, since the unit upper plate 41 and the unit lower plate 42 are arranged above and below the coils 15a ′ to 15d ′, the height of the entire magnetic guide device 5 ′ increases, which causes an increase in the size and weight of the device. Thus, the installation property to the car 4 is lowered.

  Further, since the coils 15a 'and 15c' are on the guide rail 2 side, the size is limited, and the coils 15a 'and 15c' cannot be enlarged. When the magnet unit 6 ′ contacts the guide rail 2 for some reason, there is a possibility that the coils 15 a ′ and 15 c ′ are touched to cause breakage or disconnection.

  On the other hand, when the magnetic guide device 5 is configured using the magnet unit 6 of the present embodiment, the unit upper plate 41 and the unit lower plate 42 can be brought into direct contact with the iron cores 11, 12a, 12b, so that assembly is easy. It is. In addition, the magnetic guide device 5 can be firmly fixed up to the tip of the magnetic pole, and the height of the magnetic guide device 5 can be made lower than before. Therefore, as a result, it is possible to reduce the number of parts and the weight as well as downsizing the apparatus. Further, since the coils 15a and 15b do not face the guide rail 2, the possibility that the coils 15a and 15b are damaged or disconnected due to some factor can be reduced.

  In the present embodiment, the spacers 20a, 20b, 20c, and 20d are configured by blocks having a rectangular parallelepiped shape, but the shape is not particularly relevant as long as it is a non-magnetic material. That is, any inclusion may be used as long as a nonmagnetic portion or a gap can be secured between the inner magnet portion 17 and the outer electromagnet portions 18a and 18b.

(Second Embodiment)
Next, a second embodiment will be described.

  FIG. 20 is a perspective view showing the configuration of the magnetic guide device 5 according to the second embodiment. FIG. 21 is a plan view of the configuration of the magnetic guide device 5 in the same embodiment as viewed from above. In addition, about the structure of the magnet unit 6, it is the same as that of FIG. 3, and the code | symbol of each part is abbreviate | omitted.

  In the first embodiment, the magnet unit 6 is fixed by the unit upper plate 41 and the unit lower plate 42. On the other hand, in the second embodiment, as shown in FIGS. 20 and 21, the external electromagnet portions 18a and 18b of the magnet unit 6 are fixed to the internal magnet portion 17 via spacers 20a, 20b, 20c and 20d. The magnetic guide device 5 is configured as described above.

  In this case, a hole penetrating the outer iron cores 14a and 14b and the spacers 20a, 20b, 20c and 20d of the outer electromagnet portions 18a and 18b is formed, and the central iron core 11 and the side portions of the inner magnet portion 17 are formed by bolts 47 passing through the holes. It can be fixed to the iron cores 12a and 12b.

  By comprising in this way, before attaching the unit upper board 41 and the unit lower board 42, the whole shape of the magnet unit 6 can be established. For this reason, the assemblability is improved, and the relative positions of the electromagnets 16a and 16b can be accurately fixed to the internal magnet portion 17 via the spacers 20a, 20b, 20c and 20d. Thereby, the dispersion | variation in the characteristic by assembly property can be suppressed.

  When the external electromagnet portions 18a and 18b are directly fixed to the internal magnet portion 17 as in the second embodiment, the unit upper plate 41 and the unit lower plate 42 are coiled as in the first embodiment. It is not necessary to have a shape in which both side portions are cut away so as to avoid 15a and 15b, and the shape may be fixed only to the upper and lower surfaces of the internal magnet portion 17.

(Third embodiment)
Next, a third embodiment will be described.
FIG. 22 is a plan view when the configuration of the magnet unit 6 according to the third embodiment is viewed from above.

  In the said 1st and 2nd embodiment, it was set as the structure which arrange | positions the external electromagnet parts 18a and 18b on the both sides of the internal magnet part 17 of the magnet unit 6. FIG. In this case, the permanent magnets 13a and 13b are arranged on both sides of the first magnetic pole 19a so as to form magnetic poles in parallel with the first magnetic pole 19a. In addition, the external electromagnet portions 18a and 18b are arranged in a direction in which magnetic poles are formed in parallel to the first magnetic pole 19a via the spacers 20 on the outside of the permanent magnets 13a and 13b.

  On the other hand, in 3rd Embodiment, as shown in FIG. 22, the permanent magnets 13a and 13b are arrange | positioned in the direction orthogonal to the guide rail 2. As shown in FIG. In other words, the permanent magnets 13a and 13b are arranged in such a direction that the magnetic poles are formed in parallel to the second magnetic pole 19b and the third magnetic pole 19c on both sides of the first magnetic pole 19a.

  Further, the external electromagnet portion 18 is arranged on the outside of the permanent magnets 13a and 13b, that is, on the opposite side of the guide rail 2 in a direction to form magnetic poles in parallel with the second magnetic pole 19b and the third magnetic pole 19c via the spacer 20. .

  In such a configuration, similarly to the first embodiment, the magnetic forces in the x direction and the y direction can be controlled by exciting the two electromagnets 16a and 16b, respectively.

  In this way, by configuring the permanent magnets 13a and 13b and the external electromagnet portion 18 on the opposite side of the guide rail 2, the length of the magnet unit 6 in the y direction can be shortened. Further, in the configurations of the first and second embodiments, the external iron cores 14a and 14b divided into the left and right can be integrated into one external iron core 14, and the number of parts can be reduced. There is.

  As described above, according to at least one embodiment, it is possible to provide a magnetic unit and an elevator magnetic guide device that are easy to assemble, have high fixing strength, and can be miniaturized without impairing controllability.

  In each of the above embodiments, the elevator car has been described as an example. However, the present invention can be applied to all of them as long as the moving body is supported in a non-contact manner using magnetic force.

  Although several embodiments of the present invention have been described, these embodiments are presented by way of example and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. These novel embodiments can be implemented in various other forms, and various omissions, replacements, and changes can be made without departing from the scope of the invention. These embodiments and modifications thereof are included in the scope and gist of the invention, and are included in the invention described in the claims and the equivalents thereof.

  DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Hoistway, 2 ... Guide rail, 3 ... Rope, 4 ... Riding car, 4a ... Car door, 5 ... Magnetic guide apparatus, 6 ... Magnet unit, 7 ... Gap sensor, 8 ... Base, 9a ... 1st guide surface , 9b ... 2nd guide surface, 9c ... 3rd guide surface, 11 ... Central iron core, 12a, 12b ... Side iron core, 13a, 13b ... Permanent magnet, 14a, 14b ... External iron core, 15a, 15b ... Coil, 16a, 16b ... Electromagnet, 17 ... Internal magnet part, 18a, 18b ... External magnet part, 19a ... 1st magnetic pole, 19b ... 2nd magnetic pole, 19c ... 1st magnetic pole, 20a-20d ... Spacer, 21 ... Control apparatus, 22 ... Sensor , 23 ... computing unit, 24 ... driver, 25 ... current detector, 31a to 31d ... permanent magnet magnetic flux, 32a and 32b ... electromagnet magnetic flux, 41 ... unit upper plate, 42 ... unit lower plate, 43 ... sensor base, 44 Guide, 45-47 ... fastening bolt, 50 ... fixing jig.

Claims (10)

An internal magnet portion composed of a permanent magnet having a magnetic pole facing the magnetic member through a gap from three directions and an iron core; and
A magnet that is located outside a magnetic circuit formed by the inner magnet portion and the magnetic member, and has an electromagnet having magnetic poles in the vicinity of both magnetic poles of the permanent magnet and an outer electromagnet portion made of an iron core. unit. The internal magnet part is
A first magnetic pole opposed to one surface of the magnetic member, and a magnetic pole of a polarity different from the first magnetic pole, substantially perpendicular to the first magnetic pole, and disposed so as to oppose each other via the magnetic member The second and third magnetic poles are configured to have an E shape with the first, second, and third magnetic poles as ends.
The permanent magnet is interposed between the first magnetic pole and the second magnetic pole, between the first magnetic pole and the third magnetic pole,
The external electromagnet part is
2. The magnet according to claim 1, wherein the magnet has magnetic poles in the vicinity of both magnetic poles of the permanent magnet of the inner magnet portion, and a non-magnetic spacer is interposed between the inner magnet portion and the inner magnet portion. unit.   The distance of the nonmagnetic part by the spacer is equal to or more than a gap formed when the magnetic member is in a neutral position with respect to the magnetic pole of the internal magnet part. Magnet unit. The permanent magnet of the internal magnet part is
Arranged to form a magnetic pole parallel to the first magnetic pole,
The electromagnet of the external electromagnet part is
3. The magnet unit according to claim 2, wherein the magnet unit is disposed outside the permanent magnet so as to form a magnetic pole in parallel with the first magnetic pole via the spacer. The permanent magnet of the internal magnet part is
Arranged to form a magnetic pole parallel to the second and third magnetic poles,
The electromagnet of the external electromagnet part is
3. The magnet unit according to claim 2, wherein the magnet unit is disposed outside the permanent magnet so as to form a magnetic pole in parallel with the second and third magnetic poles via the spacer. The external electromagnet part is
The magnet unit according to claim 2, wherein the magnet unit is fastened to the inner magnet portion with a bolt across the spacer.   The magnet unit according to claim 2, wherein a fixing plate fastened to a part of the inner magnet portion is arranged to fix the inner magnet portion in an E shape.   A fixing plate in which a part of the internal magnet part and a part of the external electromagnet part are fastened is arranged to fix the internal magnet part in an E shape and to fix the external electromagnet part. The magnet unit according to claim 2. A guide rail including a magnetic body;
Ride along the guide rail
It is installed at the opposite part of the car to the guide rail and supports the car in a non-contact manner with respect to the guide rail by the action of magnetic force. An internal magnet portion composed of a permanent magnet having an opposing magnetic pole and an iron core, an electromagnet located outside the magnetic circuit formed by the internal magnet portion and the guide rail, and having a magnetic pole near both magnetic poles of the permanent magnet; A magnet unit having an external electromagnet portion made of an iron core;
A sensor unit for detecting a state of the magnetic circuit of the magnet unit;
An elevator magnetic guide device comprising: control means for controlling the magnetic force of the magnet unit based on a detection signal of the sensor unit. The control means includes
The elevator magnetic guide device according to claim 9, wherein the magnetic circuit is controlled based on a state quantity detected by the sensor unit so that the current of the electromagnet is converged to zero and the magnetic circuit is stabilized.

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