JP2012152764A - Method for evaluating secondary cooling strength and controlling method in continuous cast - Google Patents

Method for evaluating secondary cooling strength and controlling method in continuous cast Download PDF

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JP2012152764A
JP2012152764A JP2011012040A JP2011012040A JP2012152764A JP 2012152764 A JP2012152764 A JP 2012152764A JP 2011012040 A JP2011012040 A JP 2011012040A JP 2011012040 A JP2011012040 A JP 2011012040A JP 2012152764 A JP2012152764 A JP 2012152764A
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heat transfer
steel plate
temperature
secondary cooling
cooling
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JP5678682B2 (en
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Yoichi Ito
陽一 伊藤
Seiji Nabeshima
誠司 鍋島
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JFE Steel Corp
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Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To establish a simple method for accurately evaluating influencing factors such as change in MHF point, cooling water temperature, and a steel plate component, and to achieve high speed casting without causing crack defect of a slab.SOLUTION: In the method for quantifying and evaluating the secondary cooling strength, quantification is performed by using a heat-transfer coefficient which is calculated from change in temperature of a thermocouple set to a steel plate sample in cooling the steel plate sample by spray, when secondary cooling strength in continuous casting is quantified and evaluated, wherein the steel plate sample with 20-100 cmin sectional area and 0.5-1.5 cm in thickness is preheated a burner to have a predetermined temperature.

Description

本発明は、より高生産性、高品質が要求される現在の連続鋳造技術において鋳片の表面ならびに内部の欠陥を防止するための二次冷却を、より高精度に実施するための方法に関するものである。   The present invention relates to a method for performing secondary cooling with higher accuracy to prevent defects on the surface and inside of a slab in current continuous casting technology that requires higher productivity and higher quality. It is.

第1図に模式図を示すように鋼の連続鋳造方法は、鋳型1内で形成した凝固シェルをサポートロール3でサポートしながら二次冷却スプレイ4で冷却し、凝固を進行させながら鋳片2を引き抜くものであり、一般的に垂直曲げ型、湾曲型などで、矯正位置5において鋳片2に凝固途中で応力を加えて曲げ・矯正することが実施されている。   As shown in the schematic diagram of FIG. 1, the continuous casting method of steel is a method in which a solidified shell formed in a mold 1 is cooled by a secondary cooling spray 4 while being supported by a support roll 3, and solidification proceeds while the slab 2 is being solidified. In general, a vertical bending type, a curved type, etc. are used to bend and correct by applying stress to the slab 2 at the correction position 5 during solidification.

Nb、V、Al、Mn、S、Nなどの含有量の高い鋼は、脆化温度域で鋳片に応力が加わると表面割れの発生が問題となることが一般的に知られている(例えば非特許文献1参照)。   It is generally known that steels with high contents such as Nb, V, Al, Mn, S, and N cause the occurrence of surface cracks when stress is applied to the slab in the embrittlement temperature region ( For example, refer nonpatent literature 1).

表面割れに対しては、
(1)Nb、V、Al、Nなどの粒界脆化元素の含有量が高いものについては、連続鋳造機の曲げもしくは矯正歪が付与される位置で脆化温度域(700〜800℃)を回避するような二次冷却パターンに最適化する方法
(2)亜包晶C濃度を回避したC量やTi、Caなどの元素を添加することによる高温延性改善方法
などが一般的に知られ、実施されている。
For surface cracks,
(1) For those having a high content of grain boundary embrittlement elements such as Nb, V, Al and N, the embrittlement temperature range (700 to 800 ° C.) at the position where the bending or straightening strain of the continuous casting machine is applied. (2) A method for improving the high temperature ductility by adding elements such as Ti and Ca, and avoiding the subperitectic C concentration are generally known. ,It has been implemented.

しかしながら近年、鋼板の高機能化や高品質化が進むにつれ、高張力鋼や特殊な成分を多量に含有する成分の鋼の開発が重要となり、連続鋳造における鋳片温度制御は表面割れ防止の観点からも従来以上に高精度化が望まれてきている。   However, in recent years, as steel plates have advanced functions and quality, it has become important to develop high-strength steels and steels with components that contain a large amount of special components. Therefore, higher accuracy than before has been desired.

ここで、一般的な連続鋳造における表面割れ防止のための対策法について言及すると、連続鋳造において鋳片表面割れの防止のためには、以下の項目を踏まえた対策が一般的に実施されてきた。
(1)鋼の高温延性評価による、連続鋳造時の脆化温度域の特定
(2)連続鋳造時の鋳片温度のシミュレーションによる、曲げ、矯正位置で脆化温度域を回避可能な二次冷却条件の決定
(3)連続鋳造時の鋳片温度測定による、シミュレーション結果の評価ならびに、測定結果とシミュレーション結果とで鋳片温度が合致しない場合はシミュレーション補正ならびに二次冷却条件の再調整
Here, referring to countermeasures for preventing surface cracks in general continuous casting, countermeasures based on the following items have been generally implemented to prevent slab surface cracks in continuous casting. .
(1) Identification of embrittlement temperature range during continuous casting by evaluation of hot ductility of steel (2) Secondary cooling that can avoid embrittlement temperature range at bending and straightening positions by simulation of slab temperature during continuous casting Determination of conditions (3) Evaluation of simulation results by slab temperature measurement during continuous casting, and simulation correction and readjustment of secondary cooling conditions if slab temperature does not match between measurement results and simulation results

(1)鋼の高温延性評価:目標成分の鋼より作製した試験サンプルに対して連続鋳造時の歪速度にあわせた高温引張試験あるいは高温圧縮試験を実施し、高温引張試験の場合には破断時の断面積Aと引張試験前の断面積Aoより算出される絞り値(%)を指標にして割れ感受性を評価するのが一般的である。
絞り値(RA:Reduction of Area)=
(Ao−A)/Ao×l00(%)
(1) Evaluation of hot ductility of steel: A high temperature tensile test or a high temperature compression test according to the strain rate during continuous casting is performed on a test sample made from the target component steel. Generally, crack sensitivity is evaluated by using as an index the drawing value (%) calculated from the cross-sectional area A and the cross-sectional area Ao before the tensile test.
Aperture value (RA: Reduction of Area) =
(Ao-A) / Ao × 100 (%)

(2)連続鋳造時の鋳片温度の予測としては、凝固伝熱解析を実施するのが一般的である。近年はコンピュータ技術の進歩がめざましく、3次元解析や鋳造速度の変化に対応した非定常部の解析も短時間での計算が実施できるようになってきているが基本的には凝固モデルと伝熱モデルの組合せからなる差分計算により鋳片温度と凝固シェル厚みを算出するものである。本解析において二次冷却における鋳片温度を決定付ける因子は熱伝達率の推算値であり、熱伝達率の取り扱い次第では鋳片温度の計算値が大きく変化するのが実情である。 (2) As a prediction of the slab temperature during continuous casting, a solidification heat transfer analysis is generally performed. In recent years, the progress of computer technology has been remarkable, and it has become possible to perform non-stationary part analysis corresponding to changes in 3D analysis and casting speed in a short time, but basically solidification models and heat transfer The slab temperature and the solidified shell thickness are calculated by a difference calculation composed of a combination of models. In this analysis, the factor that determines the slab temperature in secondary cooling is the estimated value of the heat transfer coefficient, and the calculated value of the slab temperature varies greatly depending on the handling of the heat transfer coefficient.

鋼の連続鋳造の凝固伝熱解析においては、以下に示す熱伝達率αの推算式が一般的に使用されている。
[水スプレイの式]

Figure 2012152764

[ミストスプレイの式]
Figure 2012152764
W:水量密度(L/min/m)、
Ts:鋼板表面温度(℃)、
Va:液滴衝突速度(m/sec)
このほかにも幾つかの式が提案されており、あるいは使用者側で上記に類似した推算式を実験的に算出したり、実測値との補正を行ったりすることで使用することが一般的に行われている(例えば非特許文献2参照)。 In solidification heat transfer analysis of continuous casting of steel, the following estimation formula for heat transfer coefficient α is generally used.
[Water spray formula]
Figure 2012152764

[Mist spray formula]
Figure 2012152764
W: Water density (L / min / m 2 ),
Ts: Steel sheet surface temperature (° C.)
Va: Droplet collision speed (m / sec)
Several other formulas have been proposed, or it is common for users to use them by experimentally calculating an estimation formula similar to the above or by correcting the measured values. (See, for example, Non-Patent Document 2).

熱伝達率の算出については、その多くが加熱炉内で加熱された鋼板を抽出後、スプレイによる冷却を実施し、鋼板内に埋め込まれた熱電対の温度より熱伝達率を計算する方法で算出されている(例えば非特許文献3参照)。   Regarding the calculation of the heat transfer coefficient, most of the heat transfer coefficient is calculated by calculating the heat transfer coefficient from the temperature of the thermocouple embedded in the steel sheet after extracting the steel sheet heated in the heating furnace and then cooling by spraying. (For example, see Non-Patent Document 3).

(3)連続鋳造実施時の鋳片温度の測定は、
(A)連続鋳造機の機端などのスプレイ冷却完了後の位置でのサーモグラフィー、放射温度計による測定
(B)連続鋳造機内のセグメント間の隙間等への光ファイバー温度計の挿入、放射温度計による測定
(C)測温部先端を鋳片に圧着あるいは溶着させたシース熱電対による測定
によるものが一般的である。連続鋳造機内は水蒸気が大量に発生しているため温度測定が困難であり、温度測定負荷や測定精度の問題もあり、実操業の恒久的な測定では(A)での温度測定が一般的である。
(3) Measurement of slab temperature during continuous casting
(A) Thermography at the position after completion of spray cooling, such as the end of a continuous casting machine, measurement with a radiation thermometer (B) Inserting an optical fiber thermometer into the gap between segments in the continuous casting machine, using a radiation thermometer Measurement (C) Generally, measurement is performed by a sheath thermocouple in which the tip of the temperature measuring section is pressed or welded to a slab. Since a large amount of water vapor is generated in the continuous casting machine, it is difficult to measure temperature, and there are problems of temperature measurement load and measurement accuracy. Temperature measurement in (A) is common for permanent measurement in actual operation. is there.

ところで従来、上記(C)により鋳片表面の温度を測定し、その測定点における温度の計算値が実測値と一致するように鋳片表面からの抜熱量あるいは表面熱伝達率を補正することにより、鋳片上のある点の表面温度を目標値にコントロールし、ひいては凝固パターンそのものをコントロールすることを目的とした技術が知られている(特許文献1参照)。   Conventionally, the temperature of the slab surface is measured by the above (C), and the amount of heat removed from the slab surface or the surface heat transfer coefficient is corrected so that the calculated value of the temperature at the measurement point coincides with the actual measurement value. A technique for controlling the surface temperature at a certain point on the slab to a target value and thus controlling the solidification pattern itself is known (see Patent Document 1).

この技術では、測温部先端を鋳片に圧着させた複数のシース熱電対からの熱起電力信号を温度検出部に取り込み、この信号をチャンネル切替えし、A/D変換し、インターフェイスを介してコンピュータに送信し、数値計算プログラムが格納されたコンピュータが、鋳込温度、引抜き速度等の操業条件下において凝固計算を行い、温度測定値と計算値とが一致するように表面熱伝達率を補正している。算出された凝固進行状況は信頼性の高いデータであり、これをモニタ等の表示装置に表示することによって鋳片内部の凝固状況をリアルタイムで知ることができる。   In this technology, thermoelectromotive force signals from a plurality of sheathed thermocouples whose tip of the temperature measuring unit are crimped to the slab are taken into the temperature detecting unit, this signal is channel-switched, A / D converted, via the interface The computer with the numerical calculation program sent to the computer performs solidification calculation under operating conditions such as casting temperature and drawing speed, and corrects the surface heat transfer coefficient so that the measured temperature and the calculated value match. is doing. The calculated solidification progress status is highly reliable data. By displaying this data on a display device such as a monitor, the solidification status inside the slab can be known in real time.

また従来、アルミニウムの連続鋳造の初期段階に、鋳型下部から引き出された鋳塊底部の表面を膜沸騰冷却し、鋳塊表面からの熱抽出を熱伝導率で特定することにより、複雑な設備を使用せずに簡便な方法で連続鋳造の初期段階における鋳塊底部の欠陥の発生を抑制することを目的とした技術も知られている(特許文献2)。   Conventionally, at the initial stage of continuous casting of aluminum, the surface of the bottom of the ingot drawn out from the lower part of the mold is cooled by film boiling, and the heat extraction from the ingot surface is specified by the thermal conductivity. There is also known a technique aimed at suppressing the occurrence of defects at the bottom of the ingot at the initial stage of continuous casting by a simple method without using (Patent Document 2).

この技術では、連続鋳造の初期段階において冷却水が鋳塊の底部に衝突する際の膜沸騰冷却を維持するために、鋳塊内部に表面からの深さを異ならせて埋め込んだ複数の熱電対で求めた温度変化から熱伝導率を求め、鋳塊表面からの熱抽出を熱伝導率で4000W/mK以下に制御して、鋳塊の表面温度を低下させないようにしている。これにより鋳塊底部の膜沸騰冷却が維持されるから、鋳塊表面からの熱抽出が抑制されて冷却速度が小さくなり、熱応力が緩和されるため、鋳塊底部に反り上がりを生ずることがなく、反り上がりに起因する種々の鋳塊欠陥が防止される。 In this technology, in order to maintain film boiling cooling when cooling water collides with the bottom of the ingot at the initial stage of continuous casting, a plurality of thermocouples embedded in the ingot with different depths from the surface are used. The thermal conductivity is obtained from the temperature change obtained in the above, and the heat extraction from the ingot surface is controlled to 4000 W / m 2 K or less in terms of thermal conductivity so that the surface temperature of the ingot is not lowered. This maintains film boiling cooling at the bottom of the ingot, so that heat extraction from the surface of the ingot is suppressed, cooling speed is reduced, and thermal stress is relaxed, which may cause warping at the bottom of the ingot. In addition, various ingot defects caused by warping are prevented.

特開平10−291060号公報Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 10-291060 特開平09−122860号公報Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 09-122860

鈴木洋夫ら、「鉄と鋼」65(1979)、P2038Hiroo Suzuki et al., “Iron and Steel” 65 (1979), P2038 日本鉄鋼協会発行「鉄鋼製造プロセスにおける冷却技術」、P59Published by Japan Iron and Steel Association, “Cooling Technology in Steel Manufacturing Process”, P59 三塚正志、「鉄と鋼」54(1968)、P1457Masashi Mitsuka, “Iron and Steel” 54 (1968), P1457

連続鋳造において前述した表面割れの対策技術は、鋼種の割れ感受性や鋳造条件を示すことが可能なため極めて有用であるが、いくつかの課題、問題も存在する。   The surface crack countermeasure technique described above in continuous casting is extremely useful because it can show the cracking susceptibility and casting conditions of the steel type, but there are some problems and problems.

凝固伝熱解析においては、前述した熱伝達率により鋳片温度が求められるが、熱伝達率の推算式は、水量密度、表面温度、液滴の衝突速度により決定されるものが過去一般的に用いられてきた。しかしながら近年は高鋳造速度化に伴い、鋳片をより強冷却する二―ズが高まってきたことから、従来の熱伝達率の推算式では実情と整合しない場合が顕著となっている。   In the solidification heat transfer analysis, the slab temperature is obtained from the heat transfer coefficient described above, but the estimation formula for the heat transfer coefficient is generally determined by the water density, surface temperature, and droplet collision velocity in the past. Has been used. However, in recent years, with the increase in casting speed, the need for stronger cooling of slabs has increased, and the conventional heat transfer coefficient estimation formula is not consistent with the actual situation.

熱伝達率が従来の推算式で合わない理由の一因に、伝熱モードの変化の考慮に対する問題があげられる。鋼板の冷却時には第2図に冷却曲線の模式図を示すように膜沸騰領域、遷移沸騰領域、核沸騰領域と伝熱モードが存在することが一般的に知られており、鋼板の冷却条件によって核沸騰領域から遷移沸騰領域に変化する表面温度である局所熱流束点(MHF点:Minimum Heat Flux Temperature)を境に熱伝達率が急変することが極めて重要である。   One of the reasons why the heat transfer rate does not match the conventional estimation formula is the problem of considering the change in heat transfer mode. As shown in the schematic diagram of the cooling curve in Fig. 2, it is generally known that there are film boiling region, transition boiling region, nucleate boiling region and heat transfer mode when cooling the steel plate. It is extremely important that the heat transfer rate changes suddenly at the local heat flux point (MHF point), which is the surface temperature that changes from the nucleate boiling region to the transition boiling region.

近年の高鋳造速度化に伴う強冷却実施時には前述のMHF点近傍での冷却条件が必要となるが、図2に示すように、強冷却時にはMHF点自体がより高温側に移行することが知られており、鋳片温度の変化もMHF点を境に急変することとなる。   Although the cooling conditions near the MHF point described above are required when performing strong cooling accompanying the recent increase in casting speed, it is known that the MHF point itself shifts to a higher temperature side during strong cooling as shown in FIG. Therefore, the change in the slab temperature also changes suddenly at the MHF point.

また上述した伝熱モードの変化は鋼板の表面粗度や水温の影響も受けることから、より正確な鋼板温度の算出には、鋼板成分の差によるスケール生成の影響や冷却水の水温の影響を考慮した熱伝達率の使用が重要となる。   In addition, since the change in heat transfer mode described above is also affected by the surface roughness and water temperature of the steel sheet, the more accurate calculation of the steel sheet temperature requires the influence of scale generation due to differences in steel sheet components and the influence of cooling water temperature. It is important to use a heat transfer rate that takes into account.

従来法における熱伝達率は、加熱炉内で加熱後抽出したサンプルにスプレイ冷却を実施する際に、先の特許文献2記載の技術のようにサンプル中に埋め込んだ熱電対の温度の変化を測定して算出するのが一般的である。MHF点変化、冷却水水温、鋼板成分の影響を考慮するために、これらの条件を変化させた条件で実験を行うことで、熱伝達率値の高精度化を図ることも可能であるが、下記の理由により現実的とはいえない。   The heat transfer coefficient in the conventional method is the measurement of the change in temperature of the thermocouple embedded in the sample as in the technique described in Patent Document 2 when spray cooling is performed on the sample extracted after heating in the heating furnace. Generally, it is calculated as follows. In order to consider the influence of MHF point change, cooling water temperature, and steel plate component, it is possible to increase the accuracy of the heat transfer coefficient value by conducting an experiment under the conditions where these conditions are changed. It is not realistic for the following reasons.

すなわち従来法では、冷却面のサンプル断面積900〜10000cm、サンプル厚み3〜10cmといった重量10kg超の大きな鋼板サンプルを用いるのが一般的である。これは加熱炉抽出後の温度低下防止ならびにスプレイ冷却時の温度の急低下を避けるため、鋼板サンプルの含熱量を大きくする必要から避けられないものであった。したがって従来法ではサンプル作製のための納期やコストも莫大となり、サンプル種類(成分)を変えて多数の実験を実施するにはコスト面や作業面の負荷が非常に大きいことが課題といえる。 That is, in the conventional method, it is common to use a large steel plate sample having a weight of more than 10 kg such as a sample cross-sectional area of the cooling surface of 900 to 10,000 cm 2 and a sample thickness of 3 to 10 cm. This was unavoidable because it was necessary to increase the heat content of the steel sheet sample in order to prevent the temperature drop after extraction in the heating furnace and avoid the rapid drop in temperature during spray cooling. Therefore, in the conventional method, the delivery time and cost for sample preparation become enormous, and it can be said that the burden on the cost and work side is very large to carry out many experiments by changing the sample type (component).

本発明は、これらの影響因子をより簡便、高精度に評価することを可能とする方法を確立し、鋳片の割れ欠陥の発生無しに高速鋳造を達成することを目的とする。   An object of the present invention is to establish a method that makes it possible to evaluate these influencing factors more simply and with high accuracy, and to achieve high-speed casting without occurrence of crack defects in the slab.

上記目的を達成する本発明の連続鋳造における二次冷却強度評価方法は、
[1]連続鋳造における二次冷却の冷却強度を定量化して評価するにあたり、あらかじめバーナーで所定温度に加熱した断面積サイズが20〜100cm、厚み0.5〜1.5cmの鋼板サンプルをスプレイ等で冷却する際の、鋼板サンプルに設置した熱電対の温度変化より算出される熱伝達率を用いて定量化することを特徴とするものである。
The secondary cooling strength evaluation method in the continuous casting of the present invention that achieves the above object is as follows.
[1] In quantifying and evaluating the cooling strength of secondary cooling in continuous casting, a steel plate sample having a cross-sectional area size of 20 to 100 cm 2 and a thickness of 0.5 to 1.5 cm that has been heated to a predetermined temperature by a burner in advance is sprayed. It is characterized in that it is quantified by using a heat transfer coefficient calculated from a temperature change of a thermocouple installed in a steel plate sample when cooled by, for example.

また、上記目的を達成する本発明の連続鋳造における二次冷却制御方法は、
[2〕連続鋳造において鋳片の凝固状態、鋳片温度を凝固伝熱計算で算出して、その算出結果に基づき二次冷却を制御するにあたり、[1]に示す評価方法による測定値あるいはその測定値より決定される推算式を用いて算出することを特徴とするものである。
Moreover, the secondary cooling control method in the continuous casting of the present invention that achieves the above-described object is as follows.
[2] In continuous casting, the solidification state of the slab and the slab temperature are calculated by solidification heat transfer calculation, and the secondary cooling is controlled based on the calculation result. The calculation is performed using an estimation formula determined from the measured value.

さらに、本発明の連続鋳造における二次冷却強度評価方法は、
[3]実機連続鋳造設備で新たな成分の鋼種を鋳造するにあたり、あらかじめ小型溶解炉で目標成分相当の鋼塊を作製し、鋼板サンプルを製造した後、[1]に示す評価方法により算出される熱伝達率を用いて二次冷却強度を定量化することを特徴とするものである。
Furthermore, the secondary cooling strength evaluation method in the continuous casting of the present invention,
[3] When casting a steel grade of a new component in an actual continuous casting facility, a steel ingot corresponding to the target component is produced in advance in a small melting furnace and a steel plate sample is produced, and then calculated by the evaluation method shown in [1]. The secondary cooling strength is quantified using the heat transfer coefficient.

そして、本発明の連続鋳造における二次冷却強度評価方法は、
[4][1]に示す評価方法において、鋼板サンプルを加熱および冷却する装置に、鋼板サンプルに対し曲げ応力を外部から加える機構を付加することにより、連続鋳造時の鋳片の割れ発生を予測可能とすることを特徴とするものである。
And the secondary cooling strength evaluation method in the continuous casting of the present invention,
[4] In the evaluation method shown in [1], the occurrence of cracks in the slab during continuous casting is predicted by adding a mechanism for applying bending stress to the steel plate sample from the outside in the apparatus for heating and cooling the steel plate sample. It is characterized by making it possible.

本発明によれば、上記のように構成したので、連続鋳造時の鋳片温度ならびに割れ感受性の高精度な予測が可能となり、鋳片での割れ発生防止が高速鋳造時にも達成可能となる。したがって、鋳片の割れ発生無しに高速鋳造が可能となることから、省エネルギー、生産効率の改善を達成することができる。   According to the present invention, since it is configured as described above, it is possible to accurately predict the slab temperature and crack susceptibility during continuous casting, and it is possible to prevent cracking in the slab even during high-speed casting. Therefore, high-speed casting can be performed without occurrence of cracks in the slab, so that energy saving and improvement in production efficiency can be achieved.

連続鋳造機を示す模式図である。It is a schematic diagram which shows a continuous casting machine. 高温鋼板の水冷却時の冷却曲線を示す説明図である。It is explanatory drawing which shows the cooling curve at the time of water cooling of a high temperature steel plate. (a)は、本発明の方法の一実施形態を実施する装置の構成を示す模式図、(b)は、サンプルへの熱電対の設置方法を例示する説明図である。(A) is a schematic diagram which shows the structure of the apparatus which implements one Embodiment of the method of this invention, (b) is explanatory drawing which illustrates the installation method of the thermocouple to a sample. 上記実施形態の方法におけるサンプルへの応力付加方法を示す模式図である。It is a schematic diagram which shows the stress addition method to the sample in the method of the said embodiment. 上記実施形態の方法における熱伝達率算出ならびに凝固伝熱計算の手順を示すフローチャートである。It is a flowchart which shows the procedure of the heat transfer rate calculation in the method of the said embodiment, and the solidification heat transfer calculation. 従来の方法と上記実施形態の方法とによる鋳片表面温度計算結果の比較例を示す説明図である。It is explanatory drawing which shows the comparative example of the slab surface temperature calculation result by the conventional method and the method of the said embodiment. 従来の方法と上記実施形態の方法とによる冷却曲線(熱伝達率と表面温度との関係)の比較例を示す説明図である。It is explanatory drawing which shows the comparative example of the cooling curve (relationship between a heat transfer rate and surface temperature) by the conventional method and the method of the said embodiment.

以下、本発明の実施の形態を図面に基づき詳細に説明する。ここに、図3(a)は、本発明の方法の一実施形態を実施する装置の構成を示す模式図、図3(b)は、サンプルへの熱電対の設置方法を例示する説明図、図4は、その実施形態の方法におけるサンプルへの応力付加方法を示す模式図、そして図5は、上記実施形態の方法における熱伝達率算出ならびに凝固伝熱計算の手順を示すフローチャートである。   Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. Here, FIG. 3A is a schematic diagram showing the configuration of an apparatus for carrying out one embodiment of the method of the present invention, and FIG. 3B is an explanatory view illustrating a method of installing a thermocouple on a sample. FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing a method of applying stress to a sample in the method of the embodiment, and FIG. 5 is a flowchart showing procedures of heat transfer coefficient calculation and solidification heat transfer calculation in the method of the embodiment.

本実施形態は、スプレイ冷却における熱伝達率を算出するに当り、サンプル加熱方法として従来一般的に用いられている抵抗加熱式、誘導加熱式などの方法を用いない点に特徴がある。   The present embodiment is characterized in that in calculating the heat transfer coefficient in spray cooling, a resistance heating method, an induction heating method, or the like generally used as a sample heating method is not used.

すなわち、本実施形態の方法では図3(a)に示す加熱および冷却装置を用いる。この装置は、中央部に開口を持つスタンド11を具えており、ここではそのスタンド11の上に、あらかじめ二本の熱電対を設置した鋼板サンプルSを固定し、そのスタンド11の開口部を介して下方から鋼板サンプルSの反冷却面(後述するスプレイ冷却を実施しない下面)をバーナー12で加熱することで、サンプル温度を高温まで短時間で上昇させ、次いで上方から鋼板サンプルSの冷却面(上面)にノズル13で、例えば冷却水ポンプPから供給される冷却水をスプレイして、鋼板サンプルSのスプレイ冷却を実施する。   That is, the method of this embodiment uses the heating and cooling device shown in FIG. This apparatus includes a stand 11 having an opening in the center. Here, a steel plate sample S in which two thermocouples are installed in advance is fixed on the stand 11, and the stand 11 is opened through the opening of the stand 11. By heating the anti-cooling surface of the steel sheet sample S from below (the lower surface not subjected to spray cooling described later) with the burner 12, the sample temperature is raised to a high temperature in a short time, and then the cooling surface of the steel sheet sample S from above ( Spray cooling of the steel plate sample S is performed by spraying cooling water supplied from, for example, the cooling water pump P with the nozzle 13 on the upper surface).

バーナー12の種類としては、プロパン/酸素混合ガス、アセチレン/酸素混合ガスなどの火力の強いものであれば使用可能であるが、爆発やサンプル溶解の危険の面から市販の加熱用のプロパン/酸素混合ガスによるバーナー加熱が好ましい。   As the type of the burner 12, any propane / oxygen mixed gas, acetylene / oxygen mixed gas or the like having a strong thermal power can be used. However, commercially available propane / oxygen for heating from the viewpoint of explosion or sample dissolution. Burner heating with a mixed gas is preferred.

鋼板サンプルSのサイズについては、本発明者らは試行錯誤により、以下の用件を何れも満たすように最適なサイズを決定した。
・バーナー加熱時に鋼板サンプルS全体が均一温度となる大きさ(サンプル面積)
・バーナー加熱時に鋼板サンプルの温度が1200℃程度まで数分で上昇し、200L/min/m以上の水量密度での強力なスプレイ冷却時も500℃程度の温度を保持できるサンプル厚み
About the size of the steel plate sample S, the present inventors determined the optimal size by trial and error so that all the following requirements may be satisfied.
-The size (sample area) that the entire steel plate sample S becomes a uniform temperature when the burner is heated
・ The thickness of the sample that can increase the temperature of the steel plate sample to about 1200 ° C in a few minutes during heating with the burner, and can maintain a temperature of about 500 ° C even during powerful spray cooling with a water density of 200 L / min / m 2 or more.

上記の用件を何れも満たす鋼板サンプルSのサイズを見出すため、本発明者らはバーナー12として市販のプロパン/酸素混合ガス用加熱バーナー(酸素0.5MPa、プロパン0.04MPa)を用い、図3(a)に示す装置構成でサンプルSのサイズを種々に変えて加熱、冷却実験を実施した。それより断面積サイズが20〜100cm、厚みが0.5〜1.5cmのディスク状の鋼板サンプルSの使用が適正であることを決定した。 In order to find the size of the steel sheet sample S satisfying all of the above requirements, the present inventors used a commercially available propane / oxygen mixed gas heating burner (oxygen 0.5 MPa, propane 0.04 MPa) as the burner 12. Heating and cooling experiments were carried out by changing the size of the sample S in the apparatus configuration shown in 3 (a). From this, it was determined that the use of a disk-shaped steel sheet sample S having a cross-sectional area size of 20 to 100 cm 2 and a thickness of 0.5 to 1.5 cm was appropriate.

上記の鋼板サンプルSは、重量が0.1〜1kg/個と非常に小さく、作業性も良好であるため、短時間に多くの条件を実施することが可能となる。   Since the steel sheet sample S has a very small weight of 0.1 to 1 kg / piece and good workability, many conditions can be implemented in a short time.

また新規成分の鋼種については、溶解量30〜50kgの真空もしくは大気溶解炉にて成分を合わせた鋼塊を事前に作製しておけば、その鋼塊より数十個の鋼板サンプルSの採取が可能なため、冷却特性の評価が従来法に比べて簡単に出来ることが利点となる。   Moreover, about the steel grade of a new component, if the steel ingot which combined the component in the vacuum of 30-50 kg of melt | dissolution amount or an atmospheric melting furnace is produced in advance, dozens of steel plate samples S will be extract | collected from the steel ingot. Since it is possible, it is advantageous that the cooling characteristics can be easily evaluated as compared with the conventional method.

鋼板サンプルSへの熱電対の設置は、測定精度が確保できれば取付け方法にはよらないが、本発明者らは以下の方法を推奨する。
すなわち、図3(b)に示すように、鋼板サンプルSの加熱面および冷却面の表面から1mm下方の位置にドリルもしくは放電加工による穴あけ加工を行って、その穴内に外径1.0mm程度のシース熱電対を埋め込む方法が好ましい。
Installation of the thermocouple to the steel plate sample S does not depend on the attachment method as long as measurement accuracy can be ensured, but the present inventors recommend the following method.
That is, as shown in FIG. 3 (b), drilling or electric discharge machining is performed at a position 1 mm below the surface of the heating surface and cooling surface of the steel sheet sample S, and the outer diameter is about 1.0 mm in the hole. A method of embedding a sheath thermocouple is preferred.

また割れ感受性の評価として、鋼板サンプルSの加熱もしくは冷却時に所定温度に達したところで外部からその鋼板サンプルSに曲げ応力を加えるような装置を組合せることで、加熱・冷却実験にあわせて割れ感受性の評価も可能となる。外部から与える歪量は、連続鋳造における曲げ・矯正部に相当する1.0〜2.0%(歪速度10−4〜10−3 1/sec)で行うのが好ましい。この方法によれば、前述した高温引張試験よりも歪付与面積も大きく、実際の連続鋳造に近い温度分布を与えられることから、より実現象に対応した割れ感受性を定量化することが可能となる。 In addition, as an evaluation of cracking susceptibility, by combining a device that applies bending stress to the steel sheet sample S from the outside when a predetermined temperature is reached when the steel sheet sample S is heated or cooled, cracking susceptibility is adjusted in accordance with heating / cooling experiments. Can be evaluated. The amount of strain applied from the outside is preferably 1.0 to 2.0% (strain rate of 10 −4 to 10 −3 1 / sec) corresponding to the bending / correcting part in continuous casting. According to this method, since the strain imparting area is larger than that of the above-described high temperature tensile test and a temperature distribution close to that of actual continuous casting is given, it becomes possible to quantify the crack sensitivity corresponding to the actual phenomenon. .

図4に、本発明者らが実施した鋼板サンプルSへの応力付加方法の模式図を示す。この応力付加方法では、サンプル固定金具としての二つのバイト14と、それらのバイト14を図中矢印で示すように下向きに付勢する例えば図示しない油圧シリンダーとを具える応力付加機構を上記スタンド11(ここでは図示せず)に付加し、二つのバイト14で鋼板サンプルSの両側部をそれぞれ挟持して、油圧シリンダーでバイト14を介して鋼板サンプルSに曲げ応力を付与することにより、鋼板サンプルSに表面割れを発生させる。   In FIG. 4, the schematic diagram of the stress addition method to the steel plate sample S which the present inventors implemented is shown. In this stress applying method, a stress applying mechanism including two cutting tools 14 as sample fixing brackets and a hydraulic cylinder (not shown) for biasing the cutting tools 14 downward as indicated by arrows in the figure is provided on the stand 11. (Not shown here), both sides of the steel sheet sample S are sandwiched by two cutting tools 14, and bending stress is applied to the steel sheet sample S through the cutting tool 14 by a hydraulic cylinder. Surface cracks are generated in S.

スプレイ冷却時の熱伝達率の算出は、上記の熱電対温度から伝熱解析にて逆算することで可能となる。従来の加熱炉抽出後の冷却テストでは1000℃以上の高温域の測定は困難であったが、本実施形態の方法では、冷却開始後もバーナー加熱を続けて温度測定可能なため、1000℃以上の高温領域の熱伝達率も算出可能となる。   Calculation of the heat transfer coefficient during spray cooling is possible by calculating backward from the above thermocouple temperature by heat transfer analysis. In the conventional cooling test after extraction from the heating furnace, it was difficult to measure in a high temperature region of 1000 ° C. or higher. However, in the method of this embodiment, the temperature can be measured by continuing the burner heating even after the start of cooling. It is also possible to calculate the heat transfer coefficient in the high temperature region.

また冷却条件に応じて、加熱バーナー12のガス流量を調整しながら、スプレイ冷却による抜熱とバーナー加熱による入熱とを同等に行うことで、サンプル表面温度を一定値とし、定常状態を達成できるという利点もある。   Further, by adjusting the gas flow rate of the heating burner 12 according to the cooling conditions, the heat removal by spray cooling and the heat input by the burner heating are performed equally, so that the sample surface temperature can be made constant and a steady state can be achieved. There is also an advantage.

運用法としては、図5に示すフローチャートの手順により、凝固伝熱シミュレーションへ熱伝達率を組み込み、より高精度に実際の連続鋳造時の凝固シミュレーションが可能とすることができる。   As an operation method, the heat transfer coefficient is incorporated into the solidification heat transfer simulation by the procedure of the flowchart shown in FIG. 5, and the solidification simulation during actual continuous casting can be performed with higher accuracy.

すなわちこのフローチャートでは、先ずステップS1で、鋳造する鋼の鋼種成分について調べ、次いでステップS2で、従来成分で近いものがあるか否か確認し、ない場合にはステップS3で、ラボ(研究室)溶解炉で目的成分の鋼塊を作成して鋼板サンプルPを数十個採取し、続くステップS4で、本実施形態の方法のサンプル加熱・冷却実験を実施し、続くステップS5で、熱伝達率データを算出して、ステップS6で、熱伝達率データベースにその熱伝達率データを加える。なお、上記ステップS2での、鋳造する鋼の鋼種成分に近い従来成分か否かの判断には、例えば複数種類の従来成分での熱伝達率データおよび鋳造実績と、それらの従来成分を補間する成分の鋼板サンプルPについて上述の方法で求めた熱伝達率データおよび割れ感受性評価データの蓄積とに基づき作成した判断基準を用いることができ、このような判断基準での判断が難しい場合には、上記ステップS2〜S6によって、その鋳造する鋼の鋼種成分の鋼板サンプルPについて上述の方法で熱伝達率データおよび割れ感受性評価データを採取して用いればよい。   That is, in this flowchart, first, in step S1, the steel type composition of the steel to be cast is examined, and then in step S2, it is confirmed whether or not there is a similar conventional component. If not, in step S3, the laboratory (laboratory). A steel ingot of a target component is prepared in a melting furnace, and several tens of steel plate samples P are collected. In subsequent step S4, a sample heating / cooling experiment of the method of the present embodiment is performed. In subsequent step S5, a heat transfer coefficient is obtained. Data is calculated, and in step S6, the heat transfer coefficient data is added to the heat transfer coefficient database. In step S2, whether or not the conventional component is close to the steel type component of the steel to be cast is determined by, for example, interpolating the heat transfer coefficient data and the casting results with a plurality of types of conventional components and the conventional components. Judgment criteria created based on the heat transfer coefficient data obtained by the above method and the accumulation of crack susceptibility evaluation data for the steel sheet sample P of the component can be used. By the steps S2 to S6, the heat transfer coefficient data and the crack sensitivity evaluation data may be collected and used by the above-described method for the steel plate sample P of the steel type component of the steel to be cast.

ステップS2で、従来成分で近いものがある場合にはステップS6で、熱伝達率データベースからその鋳造する鋼の鋼種成分に近い従来成分についてのデータを読み出し、続くステップS7で、その読み出したデータから鋳造条件および冷却条件を設定し、続くステップ8で、上記読み出したデータ中の熱伝達率測定値または推算式を用いて凝固伝熱解析を行い、続くステップS9で、鋳片温度の計算結果を求め、さらにステップS10で、曲げ・矯正点温度や最終凝固位置は目標範囲内か否かを判断し、目標範囲内でない場合にはステップS7に戻るとともに、そこでの鋳造条件および冷却条件の設定を変更し、ステップS8〜S10を繰り返す。   In step S2, when there is a similar conventional component, in step S6, data on the conventional component close to the steel type component of the steel to be cast is read from the heat transfer rate database, and in step S7, from the read data. The casting condition and the cooling condition are set, and in step 8, the solidification heat transfer analysis is performed using the heat transfer coefficient measurement value or the estimation formula in the read data, and in the subsequent step S9, the calculation result of the slab temperature is calculated. Further, in step S10, it is determined whether the bending / correction point temperature and the final solidification position are within the target range. If they are not within the target range, the process returns to step S7, and the casting conditions and cooling conditions are set there. Change and repeat steps S8 to S10.

そしてステップS10で、曲げ・矯正点温度や最終凝固位置が目標範囲内の場合にはステップS11で、実機鋳造を行うとともに、サンプル加熱・冷却実験で求めた鋳片温度を検証する。   In step S10, if the bending / correction point temperature and the final solidification position are within the target range, in step S11, actual casting is performed, and the slab temperature obtained in the sample heating / cooling experiment is verified.

本実施形態の方法は、表面割れの防止のための冷却条件の提案だけでなく、内部割れ防止のための冷却条件の提案、最終凝固位置(クレーターエンド位置)の推算などへも展開可能であり、この方法によれば実操業への有効な指針を得ることができる。   The method of this embodiment can be applied not only to the proposal of cooling conditions for preventing surface cracks, but also to the proposal of cooling conditions for preventing internal cracks and the estimation of the final solidification position (crater end position). According to this method, an effective guideline for actual operation can be obtained.

以下、本実施形態に基づく一実施例について説明する。   Hereinafter, an example based on this embodiment will be described.

本発明者らは、従来の熱伝達率推算式を用いた場合と、本実施形態の方法により熱伝達率を測定した場合との凝固シミュレーションの比較を行い、実機鋳造時の鋳片表面温度との整合性を調査した。   The present inventors compared solidification simulation between the case where the conventional heat transfer coefficient estimation formula is used and the case where the heat transfer coefficient is measured by the method of the present embodiment, and the slab surface temperature during actual casting and The consistency was investigated.

実施例に用いた溶鋼成分はC/0.10%、Si/2.0%、Mn/1.8%、Nb/0.050%、N/0.0040%の鋼種であり、実機スラブの鋳造は、鋳片幅1500mm、鋳片厚.215mm、鋳造速度0.9m/min、スプレイ冷却方式:水スプレイの条件で行った。   The molten steel components used in the examples are C / 0.10%, Si / 2.0%, Mn / 1.8%, Nb / 0.050%, and N / 0.0040% steel types. Casting has a slab width of 1500 mm and a slab thickness. It was performed under the conditions of 215 mm, casting speed 0.9 m / min, spray cooling method: water spray.

本実施例の方法では、予め30kg溶解炉で上記成分の鋼塊を作製し、鋼塊より熱伝達率測定用サンプルを採取し、加熱冷却テストを実施した。   In the method of this example, a steel ingot having the above components was prepared in advance in a 30 kg melting furnace, a heat transfer coefficient measurement sample was taken from the steel ingot, and a heating / cooling test was performed.

鋳片表面温度の評価は、連鋳機出側位置において幅中央部をサーモグラフィーで測定して凝固伝熱結果と比較した。   The evaluation of the slab surface temperature was performed by measuring the center of the width by thermography at the continuous casting machine outlet side position and comparing it with the solidification heat transfer result.

図6に、従来法と本実施例の方法とでの凝固伝熱シミュレーション結果を実機鋳近時の表面温度測定結果と併せて示す。それより本実施例の方法での凝固伝熱シミュレーション結果と鋳片表面温度の実測値が良く対応していることがわかる。   FIG. 6 shows solidification heat transfer simulation results by the conventional method and the method of this embodiment, together with the surface temperature measurement results near the actual casting. From this, it can be seen that the solidification heat transfer simulation result by the method of this example and the measured value of the slab surface temperature correspond well.

図7に、例として水量密度168L/min/mにおける従来法と本実施例の方法との熱伝達率と表面温度の関係を示すが、従来法に比較して本実施例の方法では高温部での値に大きな差がみられることがわかる。これはその後の詳細調査により、本実施例のようにSi濃度が高い場合には表面スケールの生成状況が大きく変化することでMHF点が高温側に移行し冷却曲線が変化することに由来することが確認できている。 FIG. 7 shows, as an example, the relationship between the heat transfer coefficient and the surface temperature between the conventional method and the method of this example at a water density of 168 L / min / m 2, but the method of this example has a higher temperature than the conventional method. It can be seen that there is a large difference in the values at the parts. This is due to the fact that the MHF point shifts to the high temperature side and the cooling curve changes due to a large change in the surface scale generation state when the Si concentration is high as in this example, as in the following detailed investigation. Is confirmed.

上述したように本実施例の方法によれば、従来法では考慮できないような現象についても、事前の簡便な熱伝達率の評価により実現象を予測可能であることが確認できた。   As described above, according to the method of the present embodiment, it was confirmed that the actual phenomenon can be predicted by simply evaluating the heat transfer coefficient in advance even for a phenomenon that cannot be considered by the conventional method.

かくして本発明によれば、従来法では予測が困難であった新鋼種や強冷却時の冷却条件を高精度に凝固シミュレーシヨンにより予測できることから、手入れ処理等の付加による歩止りの低下や熱ロス無しに次工程へスラブを直送することが可能となり、コストやエネルギー面で大きな効果が得られる。   Thus, according to the present invention, it is possible to predict new steel types and cooling conditions during strong cooling, which were difficult to predict by the conventional method, with high accuracy by solidification simulation. It is possible to directly send the slab to the next process without any significant effect on cost and energy.

1 鋳型
2 鋳片
3 サポートロール
4 二次冷却スプレイ
5 矯正位置
11 スタンド
12 バーナー
13 ノズル
14 バイト
P 冷却水ポンプ
S 鋼板サンプル
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Mold 2 Cast slab 3 Support roll 4 Secondary cooling spray 5 Correction position 11 Stand 12 Burner 13 Nozzle 14 Bit P Cooling water pump S Steel plate sample

Claims (4)

連続鋳造における二次冷却の冷却強度を定量化して評価するにあたり、
あらかじめバーナーで所定温度に加熱した断面積サイズが20〜100cm、厚み0.5〜1.5cmの鋼板サンプルをスプレイ等で冷却する際の、鋼板サンプルに設置した熱電対の温度変化より算出される熱伝達率を用いて定量化することを特徴とする二次冷却強度評価方法。
In quantifying and evaluating the cooling strength of secondary cooling in continuous casting,
It is calculated from the temperature change of the thermocouple installed in the steel plate sample when the steel plate sample having a cross-sectional area size of 20-100 cm 2 and thickness of 0.5-1.5 cm heated in advance with a burner is cooled by spraying etc. A secondary cooling strength evaluation method characterized by quantifying the heat transfer coefficient.
連続鋳造において鋳片の凝固状態、鋳片温度を凝固伝熱計算で算出して、その算出結果に基づき二次冷却を制御するにあたり、
請求項1に示す評価方法による測定値あるいはその測定値より決定される推算式を用いて算出することを特徴とする二次冷却制御方法。
In continuous casting, the solidification state of the slab and the slab temperature are calculated by solidification heat transfer calculation, and in controlling secondary cooling based on the calculation result,
A secondary cooling control method characterized by calculating using a measured value obtained by the evaluation method according to claim 1 or an estimation formula determined from the measured value.
実機連続鋳造設備で新たな成分の鋼種を鋳造するにあたり、
あらかじめ小型溶解炉で目標成分相当の鋼塊を作製し、鋼板サンプルを製造した後、請求項1に示す評価方法により算出される熱伝達率を用いて二次冷却強度を定量化することを特徴とする二次冷却強度評価方法。
When casting new grades of steel with the continuous casting equipment,
A steel ingot corresponding to a target component is produced in advance in a small melting furnace, a steel plate sample is produced, and then the secondary cooling strength is quantified using the heat transfer coefficient calculated by the evaluation method according to claim 1. Secondary cooling strength evaluation method.
請求項1に示す評価方法において、
鋼板サンプルを加熱および冷却する装置に、鋼板サンプルに対し曲げ応力を外部から加える機構を付加することにより、連続鋳造時の鋳片の割れ発生を予測可能とすることを特徴とする二次冷却強度評価方法。
In the evaluation method shown in claim 1,
Secondary cooling strength characterized by making it possible to predict the occurrence of cracks in the slab during continuous casting by adding a mechanism to apply bending stress to the steel plate sample from the outside in the device for heating and cooling the steel plate sample Evaluation methods.
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