JP2012152006A - Rotary electric machine - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a distributed winding type rotary electric machine that allows uniform impedance in an armature winding even when the armature winding is formed by winding continuous conductors directly and continuously around an armature core.SOLUTION: Three-phase windings that are wound in a distributed manner around a stator core 2 are divided into two groups, a first group 11 and a second group 12. Each of the two groups is wound in a wavelike manner in a circumferential direction of the stator core 2 from a winding start thereof. The first group 11 and the second group 12 are wound in a wavelike manner so that the group coming out of a first layer enters a second layer and the group coming out of the second layer enters the first layer. In slots 7, the first group 11 and the second group 12 are radially alternately arranged. Thus, winding length and effect of leakage flux are made uniform between the first group 11 and the second group 12. Therefore, a winding resistance and a reactance are made uniform, and an impedance is allowed to be made uniform.

Description

  The present invention relates to a rotating electrical machine mounted on an automobile, a truck, or the like. Further, it can be applied to industrial equipment, home appliances and the like.

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, some rotary electric machines include an armature including an armature core and a plurality of armature windings wound around the armature core in a distributed winding manner.
And as a method of winding the armature winding, there is a method of mounting a pre-formed conductor segment on the armature core (see Patent Document 1), but in this method, before mounting on the armature core, There is a problem in that the manufacturing process increases because a process of forming the conductor segment and a process of assembling the conductor segment to the armature core are required.

Japanese Patent No. 4105111

Therefore, from the viewpoint of reducing the manufacturing process, a method of winding a continuous conductor such as a conductor directly and continuously on an armature core without forming a conductor segment in advance (without connecting in the middle) is preferable.
From the viewpoint of ease of winding when directly and continuously winding, there is a method of winding the armature winding in several groups.

  However, when the armature windings are divided into several groups, there is a possibility that variations in impedance occur between different groups. As a result, an impedance imbalance of the armature winding occurs, which may cause a current imbalance.

  Therefore, the present invention provides a distributed winding type rotating electrical machine that can achieve uniform impedance in an armature winding even if a continuous conductor is formed by a method of continuously winding it around an armature core. Objective.

[Means of Claim 1]
The rotating electrical machine according to claim 1, an armature core having a plurality of teeth arranged in the circumferential direction;
And an armature winding formed of m-phase windings (m is a positive integer) disposed in a slot between the teeth in a distributed winding manner.

  The m-phase windings are divided into two groups, a first m-phase winding group and a second m-phase winding group, and each phase constituting the first m-phase winding group is divided into two groups. The winding start of the conducting wire is arranged in the 1st to mth slots, respectively, and the winding start of the conducting wire of each phase constituting the second m-phase winding group is arranged in the (m + 1) th to 2mth slots, respectively. Is done. Each m-phase winding group is wound in a wave shape in the circumferential direction of the armature core from the start of each winding.

  And, in the radial direction of the armature core, the side where the slot opens in the radial direction is the slot tip side, and the opposite is the slot root side. At the winding position in the slot, the slot root side is the first layer, the slot tip side Is defined as the second layer, the first m-phase winding group and the second m-phase winding group are the m-phase winding group coming out of the first layer and entering the second layer. The m-phase winding group that comes out is wound so as to enter the first layer. Thereby, the first m-phase winding group and the second m-phase winding group are alternately arranged in the radial direction in the slot.

According to this, since one m-phase winding is divided into two groups, the winding work is easy to perform.
In the slot, the first m-phase winding group and the second m-phase winding group are wound so as to be alternately arranged in the radial direction. The winding length between the second m-phase winding group and the influence of the leakage magnetic flux received by the first m-phase winding group and the second m-phase winding group are made uniform. For this reason, winding resistance and reactance can be made uniform, and impedance can be made uniform.

[Means of claim 2]
According to the rotating electric machine according to the second aspect, the lead wires of each phase are twisted toward the slot base side at the coil end portion.

  According to this, since the conducting wire of each phase is pulled to the slot base side, slack is removed. For this reason, the nonuniformity of impedance due to sagging can be reduced. Further, it is possible to prevent loosening due to the spring back.

[Means of claim 3]
According to the rotating electric machine according to claim 3, when the lead wire of each phase is wound in one direction in the circumferential direction of the armature core and reaches the winding start position, the direction from the position is one direction. It is wound around the armature core by repeating the winding in the reverse direction.

  When winding each phase of the conducting wire directly and continuously around the armature core by the nozzle winding device, the winding method of winding each phase of the conducting wire in a spiral shape and overlapping in the radial direction (that is, from the beginning of winding) If winding is performed in one direction until the end of winding), there is a risk of distortion in the conductive wire before the nozzle. The strain may cause work hardening in the conductive wire and may be difficult to wind.

Therefore, in this means, at the winding start position, the winding direction in the circumferential direction of the armature core is switched while being overlapped in the radial direction, thereby making it difficult to cause distortion in the conducting wire before the nozzle.
Further, when the winding direction is switched, tension can be applied to the conducting wire to take up the slack of the conducting wire.

[Means of claim 4]
According to the rotating electric machine according to claim 4, the armature core has the back yoke that magnetically connects the teeth to each other at the base of the slot of the teeth, and both ends of the conductive wires of each phase are connected to the back yoke. Pulled out to the side and connected.
According to this, the wiring process can be performed without increasing the coil end height.

(Example 1) which is a figure which shows the structure of the armature winding of a three-phase alternating current motor. (Example 1) which is a schematic diagram which shows the structure of the armature winding of a three-phase alternating current motor. FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram when FIG. 1 is viewed from the axial direction (Example 1). It is a top view which shows the coil | winding management aspect of a coil end part (Example 1). (Example 1) which is explanatory drawing explaining the winding direction of the armature winding in the circumferential direction of an armature core. (Example 1) which is a top view explaining a mode that the winding start end of each three-phase winding group was routed to the back yoke side.

  The mode for carrying out the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the following examples.

[Configuration of Example 1]
The configuration of the rotating electrical machine according to the first embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS.
The rotating electrical machine according to the first embodiment is a three-phase AC motor, and includes a stator core 2 (armature core) and a stator coil 3 (armature winding) wound around the stator core 2 in a distributed winding manner. (Armature).
A rotating magnetic field is formed by passing a three-phase alternating current through the stator coil 3, and a rotor (not shown) disposed in the rotating magnetic field is rotated. The rotor may take various forms such as a permanent magnet type, an electromagnet type, and an iron core type.

  The stator core 2 is formed in a cylindrical shape by laminating a plurality of steel plates. The stator core 2 includes a plurality of teeth 5 whose front ends face the rotor and are arranged in the circumferential direction, and a back yoke 6 that magnetically connects the teeth 5 to each other (see FIG. 4). A space surrounded by the adjacent teeth 5 and the back yoke 6 is a slot 7. A shaft (not shown) is fixed at the center of the stator core 2.

The three-phase AC motor of the present embodiment is an outer rotor type in which a rotor is disposed so as to surround the outer periphery of the stator core 2, and the teeth 5 protrude outward in the radial direction of the stator core 2, as shown in FIG. The slot 7 opens toward the radially outer side of the stator core 2.
In the present embodiment, for example, 42 slots 7 are formed side by side in the circumferential direction.

  The stator coil 3 is composed of one three-phase winding (U-phase coil, V-phase coil, W-phase coil).

[Features of this embodiment]
The three-phase winding of this embodiment is divided into two groups (first three-phase winding group 11 and second three-phase winding group 12) (see FIGS. 1 and 2).
First three-phase winding group 11 (hereinafter referred to as first group 11) includes a conductive wire U1 that forms a U-phase coil, a conductive wire V1 that forms a V-phase coil, and a conductive wire W1 that forms a W-phase coil. It is made up of.
Second three-phase winding group 12 (hereinafter referred to as second group 12) includes a conductive wire U2 that forms a U-phase coil, a conductive wire V2 that forms a V-phase coil, and a conductive wire W2 that forms a W-phase coil. It is made up of.
In addition, each conducting wire is a covered wire with an insulating coating on the outer periphery, and the wire diameter is, for example, about 1 to 2 mm.

And the winding start of the conducting wire of each phase which comprises the 1st group 11 is each distribute | arranged to the 1st-3rd (mth (m = 3)) slot.
That is, the winding start of the conducting wire U1 of the first group 11 is arranged in the first slot 7, the winding start of the conducting wire V1 is arranged in the second slot 7, and the winding start of the conducting wire W1 is arranged in the third slot 7. Is done.

In addition, the winding start of the conducting wires of the respective phases constituting the second group 12 is respectively arranged in the fourth (m + 1th (m = 3)) to sixth (2mth (m = 3)) slots 7.
That is, the winding start of the conducting wire U2 of the second group 12 is arranged in the fourth slot 7, the conducting wire V2 is arranged in the fifth slot 7, and the conducting wire W2 is arranged in the sixth slot 7.

That is, the lead wires of each phase of the first group 11 and the lead wires of each phase of the second group are arranged in the circumferential direction in the order of the U phase, the V phase, and the W phase. The winding start of the conducting wires of the same phase with the group 12 is shifted by 3 slots (m slots (m = 3)).
For example, the winding start of the conducting wire U2 of the second group 12 is arranged in the fourth slot 7 advanced by 3 slots from the first slot 7 in which the winding start of the conducting wire U1 of the first group 11 is arranged.

Here, in the radial direction of the armature core, the side where the slot 7 opens in the radial direction is the slot tip side, and the opposite side is the slot root side, and at the winding position in the slot, the slot root side is the first layer, the slot The tip side is defined as the second layer.
In the present embodiment, since the slot 7 opens to the outside in the radial direction of the stator core 2, the slot tip side is the radially outer side, and the slot root side is the radially inner side (back yoke side).

The winding start of the first group 11 (conductors U1, V1, W1) is arranged in the first layer of the first to third slots 7.
In addition, the winding start of the second group 12 (conductive wires U2, V2, W2) is arranged in the first layer of the fourth to sixth slots 7.

And the 1st group 11 and the 2nd group 12 are wound by the wave form to the circumferential direction of the stator core 2 from each winding start for every group (refer FIG. 1, 2). That is, each conducting wire alternately has a coil end portion 20 protruding from the axial end surface of the stator core 2 and a slot accommodating portion 21 accommodated in the slot 7 in the circumferential direction.
Each group is wound around the stator core 2 directly and continuously by a nozzle winding device or the like, with three conducting wires as one set.
Since each conducting wire is wound at a pitch of 3 slots (m slot (m = 3)), a conducting wire of the same phase is arranged in each slot 7 (see FIGS. 1 to 3).

Then, when the first group 11 and the second group 12 are each wound in a wave shape, the group coming out of the first layer enters the second layer, and the group coming out of the second layer enters the first layer. It is rolled up.
That is, each conducting wire U1, V1, W1 of the first group 11 is drawn from the first to third slots 7 to the other end side in the axial direction, and inserted into the next slot 7 advanced by three slots. At this time, the next slot (the fourth to sixth slots 7) is arranged in the second layer. As described above, the conductors U2, V2, and W2 of the second group 12 are arranged on the first layer of the fourth to sixth slots 7, respectively.

  And it winds also in the 7th and subsequent slots 7 in the same manner. That is, in the seventh to ninth slots 7, the first group 11 conductors are arranged on the first layer, and in the tenth to twelfth slots 7, the first group 11 conductors are arranged on the second layer.

  The second group 12 is also wound in the same manner as the first group 11. That is, the conducting wires U2, V2, and W2 of the second group 12 are drawn from the fourth to sixth slots 7 toward the other end in the axial direction, and inserted into the next slot 7 advanced by three slots. At this time, the next slot (seventh to ninth slots 7) is arranged in the second layer. And it winds also in the slot 7 after the 10th in the same way.

  In the second group 12, the winding start is advanced by 3 slots from the first group 11, so that when the winding is performed in the same manner as the first group 11, as shown in FIGS. The group arranged on the second layer and the group arranged on the second layer are reversed.

1 and 3, only the first round of the undulating winding in the circumferential direction of the stator core 2 is shown, but the second and subsequent rounds are wound in the same manner.
Thus, the first group 11 and the second group 12 are alternately arranged in the radial direction in the slot 7.

[About the handling mode at the coil end of each conductor]
Next, using FIG. 4, the manner in which the lead wires (U 1, V 1, W 1, U 2, V 2, W 2) are handled at the coil end portion 20 will be described. In FIG. 4, illustration of each conductive wire in the second and subsequent rounds is omitted.

  The coil end portion 20 is a portion of a conductive wire that is formed by straddling the slot 7 into which a different phase enters when each conductive wire enters the next slot 7 and protrudes from the axial end surface of the stator core 2.

And each conducting wire is twisted in the coil end part 20 to the slot base side (radially inner side).
That is, each conductor wire is wound so as to be pressed against the slot base side (radially inner side) when crossing the axial end surface of the stator core 2, and the coil end portion 20 is wound so as to draw an arc that protrudes inward.
In addition, after each lead wire is pulled out from the slot 7, the axial end face of the stator core 2 is crossed to form the coil end portion 20 while being pushed inward in the radial direction and collapsed.

[About the winding direction of each conductor in the circumferential direction]
Next, the winding direction in the circumferential direction of the stator core 2 of each conductor will be described with reference to FIG.
In this embodiment, each conductive wire is wound in one direction in the circumferential direction of the stator core 2 and when it reaches the winding start position in the circumferential direction, it is wound in a wave shape in the direction opposite to the one direction from that position. As a result, the stator core 2 is wound.

  That is, the first group 11 is wound in one circumferential direction from the first to third slots 7 and the second group 12 is wound from one to the fourth slots 7 in a circumferential direction (first round). When returning to the 1st to 3rd slots 7 and the 4th to 6th slots 7, when winding the second turn outside the first turn, the winding direction is reversed and the second turn is opposite to the one direction. Wound in the direction. Similarly, in the third turn, the winding direction is reversed at the winding start position and wound in one direction. This is repeated until the end of winding to achieve a predetermined circumference.

[About the wire connection at the winding start end and winding end of each conductor]
The connection process of the winding start end and winding end end of each conducting wire will be described with reference to FIG.
Both ends (winding start end 25 and winding end end (not shown)) of the conducting wire of each phase are drawn out and connected to the back yoke side.

  That is, in this embodiment, the winding start end 25 of each conductive wire is drawn out to one end side in the axial direction of the slot 7 at the winding start position, and on the one end surface in the axial direction of the stator core 2, the back yoke side (radial inner side). Has been circulated.

Further, in the present embodiment, the through-hole 30 penetrating in the axial direction is formed in the back yoke 6, and the winding start end 25 drawn to the back yoke side on the one axial end side passes through the through-hole 30 and passes through the stator core. 2 is pulled out to the other axial end side.
On the other end side in the axial direction of the stator core 2, the winding end end is routed to the back yoke side across the coil end portion 20, and on the other end surface in the axial direction of the stator core 2, 25 and the winding end are connected in an arbitrary connection mode.

  In this embodiment, the conductive wires U1 and U2 are connected so as to be connected in series, the conductive wires V1 and V2 are connected so as to be connected in series, and the conductive wires W1 and W2 are connected so as to be connected in series. Is done. And the conducting wire of each phase connected in series is star-connected.

[Effects of Example 1]
The three-phase windings forming the stator coil 3 of this embodiment are divided into two groups, and the first group 11 and the second group 12 are arranged in the circumferential direction of the stator core 2 from the beginning of each winding. It is wound in a wavy shape.
When the conductive wire is directly and continuously wound around the stator core 2, it is easier to perform the winding work if it is divided into two groups than when one three-phase winding is wound without being divided into groups.

  Further, in the present embodiment, when the first group 11 and the second group 12 are each wound in a wave shape, the group coming out of the first layer enters the second layer, and the group coming out of the second layer is the first group. The first group 11 and the second group 12 are alternately arranged in the radial direction in the slot 7.

  According to this, the winding lengths of the first group 11 and the second group 12 and the influence of the leakage magnetic flux received by the first group 11 and the second group 12 are made uniform. For this reason, winding resistance and reactance can be made uniform, and impedance can be made uniform.

Further, in this embodiment, each of the conducting wires (U1, V1, W1, U2, V2, W2) is twisted toward the slot base side in the coil end portion 20.
According to this, by twisting to the slot base side, each conducting wire is pulled and slack can be removed. For this reason, the nonuniformity of impedance due to sagging can be reduced. Further, it is possible to prevent loosening due to the spring back.

  Further, according to the rotating electric machine of the present embodiment, each conductor is wound in one direction in the circumferential direction of the stator core 2 and reaches the winding start position in the circumferential direction. It is wound around the stator core 2 by repeating the wave-like winding in the reverse direction.

  When the conductor is wound directly and continuously around the stator core 2 by the nozzle winding device, the conductor is wound in a spiral shape and wound in the radial direction (that is, the winding direction is one direction from the start to the end of winding). If such a winding method is used, there is a risk of distortion in the conducting wire before the nozzle. The strain may cause work hardening in the conductive wire and may be difficult to wind.

Therefore, in this embodiment, at the winding start position, by switching the winding direction in the circumferential direction of the stator core 2 and winding it in the radial direction, it is possible to make it difficult to cause distortion in each conducting wire before the nozzle.
Further, when the winding direction is switched, tension can be applied to each conductor to take up the slack of each conductor. Thereby, the length of each conducting wire can be adjusted, and the impedance can be equalized between different groups and between different phases.

Further, according to the present embodiment, both ends (winding start end 25 and winding end end (not shown)) of each conductive wire are drawn to the back yoke side and connected.
For example, when connecting on the coil end portion 20, the coil end height increases, but in this embodiment, both ends of each conductor are pulled out to the back yoke side and connected at a position where they do not interfere with the coil end portion 20. Since the process is performed, the coil end height is not increased by the connection process.

[Modification]
Embodiments of the present invention are not limited to the examples, and various modifications can be considered.
For example, the rotary electric machine is a three-phase AC motor, but may be any rotary electric machine having a plurality of phase coils, and is not limited to a three-phase AC motor.
The present invention can also be applied to a rotating electrical machine in which the rotor is an armature.

  In the first embodiment, the outer rotor type three-phase AC motor is used. However, an inner rotor type may be used. In the case of the inner rotor type, the slot base side is the radially outer side, and the slot tip side is the radially inner side.

Moreover, in Example 1, although the conducting wire (U1 and U2, V1 and V2, W1 and W2) of each phase was connected in series, you may connect in parallel.
Further, in Example 1, the winding start end 25 drawn to the back yoke side on one axial end side is drawn to the other axial end side of the stator core 2 through the through hole 30. May not be provided. That is, the winding end end may be routed to the back yoke side on one end side in the axial direction and connected on the back yoke 6 on one end side in the axial direction of the stator core.

2 Stator core (armature core)
3 Stator coil (armature winding)
5 Teeth 6 Back yoke 7 Slot 11 First group (first three-phase winding group)
12 Second group (second three-phase winding group)
20 Coil end portion 25 Winding start end U1, V1, W1, U2, V2, W2 Conductor

Claims (4)

An armature core having a plurality of teeth arranged in the circumferential direction;
In a rotating electrical machine comprising an armature winding formed of an m-phase winding (m is a positive integer) arranged in a distributed winding manner in a slot between the teeth,
The m-phase windings are divided into two groups, a first m-phase winding group and a second m-phase winding group,
The winding start of the conductive wire of each phase constituting the first m-phase winding group is arranged in the first to m-th slots, respectively.
The winding start of the conductive wire of each phase constituting the second m-phase winding group is arranged in the (m + 1) th to 2mth slots, respectively.
For each m-phase winding group, from the beginning of each winding, it is wound in the circumferential direction of the armature core,
In the radial direction of the armature core, the side where the slot opens in the radial direction is the slot tip side, and the opposite is the slot root side. At the winding position in the slot, the slot root side is the first layer, the slot tip If the side is defined as the second layer,
The first m-phase winding group and the second m-phase winding group are the m-phase windings coming out from the second layer when the m-phase winding group coming out from the first layer enters the second layer. The group is wound to enter the first layer,
In the slot, the first m-phase winding group and the second m-phase winding group are alternately arranged in the radial direction. In the rotating electrical machine according to claim 1,
The electric wire of each phase is twisted to the slot base side at the coil end portion protruding from the axial end surface of the armature iron core. In the rotating electrical machine according to claim 2 or 2,
The lead wires of each phase are wound in one direction in the circumferential direction of the armature core, and when reaching the winding start position, the lead wires are wound in the opposite direction to the one direction from that position. The rotating electric machine is wound around the armature core by repeating the above. In the rotating electrical machine according to any one of claims 1 to 3,
The armature core has a back yoke that magnetically connects the teeth to each other on the slot base side of the teeth.
The rotating electrical machine according to claim 1, wherein both ends of the conducting wires of each phase are drawn and connected to the back yoke side.

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