JP2012151426A - Solar cell module electrical power system - Google Patents

Solar cell module electrical power system Download PDF

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JP2012151426A
JP2012151426A JP2011021143A JP2011021143A JP2012151426A JP 2012151426 A JP2012151426 A JP 2012151426A JP 2011021143 A JP2011021143 A JP 2011021143A JP 2011021143 A JP2011021143 A JP 2011021143A JP 2012151426 A JP2012151426 A JP 2012151426A
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solar cell
cell module
electric power
diode
power supply
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JP5613963B2 (en
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Makoto Fujino
誠 藤野
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SHOSHIN CORP
SHOSHIN KK
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SHOSHIN CORP
SHOSHIN KK
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy

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Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a system for monitoring the electric power generation state of a solar cell module, the system being not provided with a power supply line to supply electric power from outside or a built-in battery, regardless of whether the time when the solar cell module is normally generating electric power or the time when the solar cell module is not generating electric power.SOLUTION: Regardless of whether the time when a solar cell module 2 is generating electric power or the time when the solar cell module 2 is not generating electric power, the operation electric power supply for an electric circuit, namely voltage measuring means 8, communication means 10, CPU p6 and the like, to learn a power generation state is obtained from the solar cell module 2 when the solar cell module 2 is generating electric power, and from another solar battery via the terminals of a bypass diode 4 of the other solar battery when the solar cell module 2 is not generating electric power.

Description

本発明は太陽電池モジュールの監視用回路の電源システムに関する。The present invention relates to a power supply system for a monitoring circuit of a solar cell module.

太陽電池による発電システムは一般的に屋根の上或いは広大な土地に多数のストリングを並べて構成されるのが一般的である。こうした設置状況では，外的要因又は太陽電池モジュールそのものの劣化，寿命などによる発電量の低下等への対処等，太陽電池モジュールの保守は重要である。In general, a power generation system using solar cells is generally configured by arranging a large number of strings on a roof or on a vast land. In such an installation situation, maintenance of the solar cell module is important, such as dealing with external factors, deterioration of the solar cell module itself, reduction in the amount of power generated due to lifetime, etc.

特開２０１０−２６３０２７  JP 2010-263027 特開平９−１０２６２２  JP-A-9-102622

一般的な太陽電池発電システムは図１に示すようにストリング１は複数の太陽電池モジュール２で構成され，太陽電池モジュール２は複数の太陽電池セル３で構成される。In a general solar battery power generation system, as shown in FIG. 1, the string 1 includes a plurality of solar battery modules 2, and the solar battery module 2 includes a plurality of solar battery cells 3.

この太陽電池発電システムの発電能力の維持管理の為には太陽電池モジュール２個々の動作状況を把握する必要があり，発電状態を把握する為の電子回路を太陽電池モジュール２内又は近傍に設ける必要がある。太陽電池モジュール２が発電しているときは当該太陽電池モジュール２が発電した電力を上記電子回路に供給することができるが，発電していないときには当該太陽電池モジュール２から電力を得ることができないので，隣接する太陽電池モジュール２又はインバータ５等の外部から或いは太陽電池モジュール２に配された電池から電力を得る必要がある。外部から電力を得る場合は電力供給線が必要であり，電池を使う場合は寿命・コスト等の問題が生じる。In order to maintain and manage the power generation capacity of this solar cell power generation system, it is necessary to grasp the operation status of each solar cell module 2, and it is necessary to provide an electronic circuit in or near the solar cell module 2 for grasping the power generation state. There is. When the solar cell module 2 is generating electric power, the electric power generated by the solar cell module 2 can be supplied to the electronic circuit, but when it is not generating electric power, it cannot be obtained from the solar cell module 2. , It is necessary to obtain electric power from the outside of the adjacent solar cell module 2 or the inverter 5 or from a battery disposed in the solar cell module 2. When power is obtained from outside, a power supply line is required, and when batteries are used, problems such as lifetime and cost arise.

こうした事から太陽電池モジュール２が発電している時或いは発電していない時にかかわらず発電状態を把握する為の電子回路即ち，図１に示す電圧測定手段８，通信手段１０及びＣＰＵｐ６等の電子回路を動作させる為に必要な電力を供給する配線或いは電池が不要な監視システムが期待される。Thus, an electronic circuit for grasping the power generation state regardless of whether the solar cell module 2 is generating power or not generating power, that is, an electronic circuit such as the voltage measuring means 8, the communication means 10 and the CPU p6 shown in FIG. A monitoring system that does not require wiring or batteries for supplying electric power necessary for operating the computer is expected.

一般的に太陽電池発電システムでは，図１に示すように，複数の太陽電池セル３を直列に接続し，バイパスダイオード４と組み合わせて構成される太陽電池モジュール２が直列に接続されてストリング１を構成する。そしてその出力はインバータ５に接続されている。In general, in a solar cell power generation system, as shown in FIG. 1, a plurality of solar cells 3 are connected in series, and a solar cell module 2 configured in combination with a bypass diode 4 is connected in series to form a string 1. Constitute. The output is connected to the inverter 5.

太陽電池発電システムについてはストリング１毎に，或いは太陽電池モジュール２毎に正常に発電しているか或いは発電効率が悪くなっていないか等監視をして太陽電池モジュール２の表面の汚れの清掃，太陽光を遮蔽する落ち葉などの除去或いは太陽電池モジュール２の交換等が必要かを判断し，効率良く運転する事が求められる。As for the solar cell power generation system, the surface of the solar cell module 2 is cleaned by monitoring whether the power is generated normally for each string 1 or for each solar cell module 2 and whether the power generation efficiency is deteriorated. It is required to determine whether it is necessary to remove the fallen leaves that shield the light, or to replace the solar cell module 2, and to operate efficiently.

各太陽電池モジュール２の発電状況はインバータ５に配された通信手段１０の出力であるデータ要求線ｐ１２がアクティブになるとこれを受けた太陽電池モジュール２の電圧測定手段８は当該太陽電池モジュール２が発電する電圧を測定しこれを通信手段１０，データ通信線ｐ１１を通じてインバータ５に送信する。送信が完了すると通信手段１０の出力であるデータ要求線ｐ１２をアクティブにして隣の太陽電池モジュール２に電圧の測定を要求する。要求を受けた太陽電池モジュール２は同様に電圧を測定しこれを通信手段１０，データ通信線ｐ１１を通じてインバータ５に送信する。以上の手順を順次繰り返す事により各太陽電池モジュール２の電圧値はそれぞれインバータ５に送信される。更には電流測定手段９により測定されたストリング１の電流値及び上記測定された各太陽電池モジュール２の電圧値はデータ通信線ｂ１３通じて監視システムセンターへ送信される。When the data request line p12, which is the output of the communication means 10 disposed in the inverter 5, becomes active, the voltage measuring means 8 of the solar cell module 2 that has received this is measured by the solar cell module 2. The voltage to be generated is measured and transmitted to the inverter 5 through the communication means 10 and the data communication line p11. When the transmission is completed, the data request line p12 that is the output of the communication means 10 is activated to request the adjacent solar cell module 2 to measure the voltage. Upon receiving the request, the solar cell module 2 similarly measures the voltage and transmits it to the inverter 5 through the communication means 10 and the data communication line p11. The voltage value of each solar cell module 2 is transmitted to the inverter 5 by sequentially repeating the above procedure. Further, the current value of the string 1 measured by the current measuring means 9 and the measured voltage value of each solar cell module 2 are transmitted to the monitoring system center through the data communication line b13.

この事によって各太陽電池モジュール２がどういった発電状況になっているかを把握する事が可能になる。This makes it possible to grasp what kind of power generation state each solar cell module 2 is in.

上述の測定及び通信は通常，各太陽電池モジュール２に配された電圧測定手段８，通信手段１０及びＣＰＵｐ６（マイコン），インバータ５に配された電流測定手段９，通信手段１０及びＣＰＵｂ７（マイコン）によって実行される。この為にはこれら電子回路を動作させる為の電源が必要となる。The measurement and communication described above are usually performed by voltage measuring means 8, communication means 10 and CPUp6 (microcomputer) arranged in each solar cell module 2, current measurement means 9, communication means 10 and CPUb7 (microcomputer) arranged in the inverter 5. Executed by. For this purpose, a power source for operating these electronic circuits is required.

しかも太陽電池モジュール２個々の発電状況を監視する為には，太陽電池モジュール２が何らかの要因により発電しなくなった場合をも含めて監視する必要があり，上記電圧測定手段８，通信手段１０及びＣＰＵｐ６を動作させる為の電源を他から得るのではなく，また電池を用いることなく太陽電池モジュール２内に或いは近傍に用意する事が重要でありその方法を以下に説明する。Moreover, in order to monitor the power generation status of each of the solar cell modules 2, it is necessary to monitor the situation including the case where the solar cell module 2 stops generating power for some reason, and the voltage measuring means 8, the communication means 10 and the CPU p6. It is important to prepare a power source for operating the solar cell module 2 in or near the solar cell module 2 without using a battery, and the method will be described below.

さて太陽電池モジュール２の出力は通常，大凡１５Ｖ以上である。この時バイパスダイオード４には逆方向の電圧が印加される事になり電流は流れていない。
この状態（状態１）ではバイパスダイオード４のアノード側が−，カソード側が＋である。Now, the output of the solar cell module 2 is usually about 15V or more. At this time, a reverse voltage is applied to the bypass diode 4 and no current flows.
In this state (state 1), the anode side of the bypass diode 4 is-and the cathode side is +.

次に太陽電池モジュール２が何らかの要因により発電しなくなった場合（状態２）について考察する。この場合は他の太陽電池モジュール２が発電する電流がバイパスダイオード４を通じて流れる事になり，この場合はバイパスダイオード４のアノード側が＋，カソード側が−となる。即ちバイパスダイオード４に印加される電圧は反転する事になる。Next, the case where the solar cell module 2 stops generating power for some reason (state 2) will be considered. In this case, the current generated by the other solar cell module 2 flows through the bypass diode 4. In this case, the anode side of the bypass diode 4 is + and the cathode side is −. That is, the voltage applied to the bypass diode 4 is inverted.

即ち，状態１及び状態２のいづれの状態にあっても上記電圧測定手段８，通信手段１０及びＣＰＵｐ６に電力を供給することのできる電源方式が実現できれば好適である事が判る。That is, it can be seen that it is preferable if a power supply system capable of supplying power to the voltage measuring means 8, the communication means 10 and the CPU p6 can be realized regardless of the state 1 or the state 2.

上記状態１或いは状態２において動作する図２に示す電源回路１５−１について説明する。状態１の場合では太陽電池モジュール２の出力電圧は大凡１５Ｖ以上でありバイパスダイオード４には逆方向の電圧が印加されている。この出力はダイオード２１を通じてレギュレータ回路１６に入力されるので所定の電圧にレギュレートされ，上記電圧測定手段８，通信手段１０及びＣＰＵｐ６で成る負荷２５に供給される。又この状態においては昇圧回路１７には上記出力がダイオード２０によりブロックされているので動作しない。The power supply circuit 15-1 shown in FIG. 2 that operates in the state 1 or the state 2 will be described. In the case of the state 1, the output voltage of the solar cell module 2 is approximately 15 V or more, and a reverse voltage is applied to the bypass diode 4. Since this output is inputted to the regulator circuit 16 through the diode 21, it is regulated to a predetermined voltage and supplied to the load 25 comprising the voltage measuring means 8, the communication means 10 and the CPU p6. In this state, the booster circuit 17 does not operate because the output is blocked by the diode 20.

一方状態２の場合はバイパスダイオード４のフォワードドロッブ電圧がダイオード２０のそれより大きいので昇圧回路１７を動作させるに十力な電圧が昇圧回路１７に印加される。そして昇圧された出力はダイオード１９，レギュレータを通じて所定の電圧が負荷２５に供給される。尚ここではバイパスダイオード４のフォワードドロップがダイオード２０のそれより充分大きく昇圧回路１７の動作が可能としたが，バイパスダイオード４を図４に示すように２段以上にする或いはダイオード２０にフォワードドロップの低いショットキーダイオードを用いる事も安定した動作の為には有効である。On the other hand, in the case of the state 2, the forward droop voltage of the bypass diode 4 is larger than that of the diode 20, so that a voltage sufficient to operate the booster circuit 17 is applied to the booster circuit 17. The boosted output is supplied to the load 25 through a diode 19 and a regulator. Here, the forward drop of the bypass diode 4 is sufficiently larger than that of the diode 20 to enable the booster circuit 17 to operate. However, the bypass diode 4 has two or more stages as shown in FIG. Using a low Schottky diode is also effective for stable operation.

また太陽電池モジュール２に採用されるバイパスダイオード４のフォワードドロップは１Ｖ程度であること，そして家庭用などで一般的に使われる太陽電池モジュール２は，モジュール内を２〜４分割し，個々にバイパスダイオード４が配されている。この場合にはバイパスダイオードのフォワードドロップは２Ｖ〜４Ｖ程度となるので電源回路１５−１の昇圧回路１７の動作に充分な電圧が印加される事になる。In addition, the forward drop of the bypass diode 4 employed in the solar cell module 2 is about 1V, and the solar cell module 2 generally used for home use, etc. is divided into 2 to 4 parts and bypassed individually. A diode 4 is arranged. In this case, since the forward drop of the bypass diode is about 2V to 4V, a voltage sufficient for the operation of the booster circuit 17 of the power supply circuit 15-1 is applied.

以上の事からバイパスダイオード４の両端に生じる電圧の極性がプラス，マイナス或いはマイナス，プラスのいずれであっても，負荷２５に適切な電力を供給できる事になる。即ち，太陽電池モジュール２が正常に発電しているときは勿論，正常に発電していないとき或いは発電していない場合でも電圧測定手段８，通信手段１０及びＣＰＵｐ６等の電子回路を正常に機能させることが可能となる。From the above, even if the polarity of the voltage generated at both ends of the bypass diode 4 is positive, negative, negative, or positive, appropriate power can be supplied to the load 25. That is, not only when the solar cell module 2 is generating electricity normally but also when it is not generating electricity normally or when it is not generating electricity, the electronic circuits such as the voltage measuring means 8, the communication means 10 and the CPUp6 are functioned normally. It becomes possible.

太陽電池モジュール２が正常に発電している時又は発電していない時に関わらず，バイパスダイオード４の両端から電子回路を駆動する為の電源を得る事ができるので太陽電池モジュール２に外部から電源を供給する為の電源供給線或いは電池を搭載しなくても太陽電池モジュール２の発電状況監視システムが実現できる。Regardless of whether the solar cell module 2 is normally generating power or not generating power, a power source for driving the electronic circuit can be obtained from both ends of the bypass diode 4, so that the solar cell module 2 is powered from the outside. The power generation status monitoring system of the solar cell module 2 can be realized without mounting a power supply line or a battery for supply.

太陽電池構成図Solar cell configuration diagram 電源回路１５−１Power supply circuit 15-1 電源回路１５−２Power supply circuit 15-2 電源回路１５−３Power supply circuit 15-3

ここでは図３，図４に示す電源回路１５−２，電源回路１５−３について説明する。電源回路１５−２は昇圧回路１７の出力とレギュレータ回路１６の出力をダイオード２２でオア接続したものである。上記状態１の場合は電源回路１５−１と同様にダイオード２１，レギュレータそしてダイオード２２を通じて所定の電圧が負荷２５に印加される。又状態２の場合はダイオード２０を通じて昇圧回路１７に電力が供給され，昇圧回路１７により得られる所定の電圧がダイオード２２を通じて負荷２５に供給される。Here, the power supply circuit 15-2 and the power supply circuit 15-3 shown in FIGS. 3 and 4 will be described. The power supply circuit 15-2 is obtained by ORing the output of the booster circuit 17 and the output of the regulator circuit 16 with a diode 22. In the case of the state 1, a predetermined voltage is applied to the load 25 through the diode 21, the regulator, and the diode 22 in the same manner as the power supply circuit 15-1. In the state 2, power is supplied to the booster circuit 17 through the diode 20, and a predetermined voltage obtained by the booster circuit 17 is supplied to the load 25 through the diode 22.

電源回路１５−３はダイオード２３，及びダイオード２４により昇圧降圧型電源回路１８に電力を供給するものである。即ち，上記状態１の場合は太陽電池モジュール２の出力電圧はダイオード２３を通じて昇圧降圧型電源回路１８に供給され，状態２の場合はダイオード２４を通じてバイパスダイオード４のフォワードドロップ電圧が昇圧降圧型電源回路１８に供給される。即ち状態１，状態２のどちらの場合においても所定の出力電圧に設定された昇圧降圧型電源回路１８の出力が負荷２５に供給される。The power supply circuit 15-3 supplies power to the step-up / step-down power supply circuit 18 by the diode 23 and the diode 24. That is, in the case of the state 1, the output voltage of the solar cell module 2 is supplied to the step-up / step-down power supply circuit 18 through the diode 23. In the case of state 2, the forward drop voltage of the bypass diode 4 is supplied through the diode 24 to the step-down step-down power supply circuit. 18 is supplied. That is, the output of the step-up / step-down power supply circuit 18 set to a predetermined output voltage is supplied to the load 25 in both the state 1 and the state 2.

尚上記説明した電源回路１５−１，電源回路１５−２及び電源回路１５−３に於いては昇圧回路１７或いは昇圧降圧型電源回路１８の動作に必要な電圧が印加されるよう配慮する心要がある。特に電源回路１５−３の場合はダイオード２３及びダイオード２４が其々２個直列に接続されるので，バイパスダイオード４のフォワードドロップと使用されるバイパスダイオード４の数の積をダイオード２３，ダイオード２４のフォワードドロップ及び昇圧降圧型電源回路１８の動作に必要な電圧の和より充分高くとる事により安定した動作が可能となる。In the above-described power supply circuit 15-1, power supply circuit 15-2, and power supply circuit 15-3, it is important to consider that a voltage necessary for the operation of the booster circuit 17 or the booster step-down power supply circuit 18 is applied. There is. Particularly, in the case of the power supply circuit 15-3, two diodes 23 and 24 are connected in series, so that the product of the forward drop of the bypass diode 4 and the number of bypass diodes 4 used is the diode 23 and the diode 24. A stable operation is possible by taking a voltage sufficiently higher than the sum of the voltages required for the operation of the forward drop and step-up / step-down power supply circuit 18.

１ ストリング
２ 太陽電池モジュール
３ 太陽電池セル
４ バイパスダイオード
５ インバータ
６ ＣＰＵｐ
７ ＣＰＵｂ
８ 電圧測定手段
９ 電流測定手段
１０ 通信手段
１１ データ通信線ｐ
１２ データ要求線ｐ
１３ データ通信線ｂ
１４ データ要求線ｂ
１５ 電源回路
１６ レギュレータ回路
１７ 昇圧回路
１８ 昇圧降圧型電源回路
１９ ダイオード
２０ ダイオード
２１ ダイオード
２２ ダイオード
２３ ダイオード
２４ ダイオード
２５ 負荷1 String 2 Solar Cell Module 3 Solar Cell 4 Bypass Diode 5 Inverter 6 CPUp
7 CPUb
8 Voltage measuring means 9 Current measuring means 10 Communication means 11 Data communication line p
12 Data request line p
13 Data communication line b
14 Data request line b
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 15 Power supply circuit 16 Regulator circuit 17 Booster circuit 18 Boosting step-down power supply circuit 19 Diode 20 Diode 21 Diode 22 Diode 23 Diode 24 Diode 25 Load

Claims (1)

太陽電池モジュールが発電する電力又は当該太陽電池モジュールのバイパスダイオードの両端で得られる他の太陽電池モジュールが発電した電力の双方から電力を得て動作する電源回路A power supply circuit that operates by obtaining power from both power generated by the solar cell module or power generated by other solar cell modules obtained at both ends of the bypass diode of the solar cell module
JP2011021143A 2011-01-17 2011-01-17 Solar cell module power supply system Expired - Fee Related JP5613963B2 (en)

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Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH09102622A (en) * 1995-10-03 1997-04-15 Nissin Electric Co Ltd Failure detector of solar cell module of solar power generation system
JP2002034167A (en) * 2000-07-17 2002-01-31 Oki Electric Ind Co Ltd Power circuit
WO2010125612A1 (en) * 2009-05-01 2010-11-04 オーナンバ株式会社 Apparatus for detecting abnormality of solar cell power generation system and method therefor

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH09102622A (en) * 1995-10-03 1997-04-15 Nissin Electric Co Ltd Failure detector of solar cell module of solar power generation system
JP2002034167A (en) * 2000-07-17 2002-01-31 Oki Electric Ind Co Ltd Power circuit
WO2010125612A1 (en) * 2009-05-01 2010-11-04 オーナンバ株式会社 Apparatus for detecting abnormality of solar cell power generation system and method therefor

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