JP2012139266A - Powdered fire-extinguishing agent and fire extinguisher - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a powdered fire-extinguishing agent that has fire extinguishing capability of B-7 or more even at the amount of 1.5 kg, and a fire extinguisher filled with the powdered fire-extinguishing agent.SOLUTION: The powdered fire-extinguishing agent contains at least 70 mass% ammonium dihydrogenphosphate and at least 2.2 mass% powder with a particle size of 10.8 μm or less. Alternatively, the powdered fire-extinguishing agent contains at least 30 mass% ammonium dihydrogenphosphate and at least 7.2 mass% powder with a particle size of 10.8 μm or less. Thereby either one of the powdered fire-extinguishing agents has the fire extinguishing capability of B-7 or more at the mount of 1.5 kg, and the fire extinguisher of high fire extinguishing capability can be provided by filling these powdered fire-extinguishing agents.

Description

  The present invention relates to an improvement of a fire extinguisher and a fire extinguisher, and more particularly to a powder fire extinguisher used for a powder fire extinguisher and a powder fire extinguishing equipment and a fire extinguisher filled with the powder fire extinguisher.

  The most commonly used fire extinguisher is a powder that is used to exert a strong fire extinguishing power in any of ordinary fire (A fire), oil fire (B fire), and electric fire (C fire). A fire extinguisher, a so-called ABC powder fire extinguisher, which uses a powder fire extinguisher mainly composed of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate.

The powder fire extinguishing agent used for ABC powder fire extinguishers is 180 μm as defined in Article 7 of the “Ministerial Ordinance for Establishing Technical Standards for Fire Extinguishing Agents for Fire Extinguishers” and 8 While passing 99.0% with a sieve, oil fire (B fire) is required to have a fire extinguishing capacity of B-4 (0.8 m ² fire pan fire) in an amount of 1.5 kg of powder fire extinguishing agent. The powder extinguishing agent that is usually used has a ratio of powder particles having a particle diameter of 37 μm or less of about 40 to 60% by mass.

In recent years, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate containing 50% by weight or more of powder particles having a particle size of 37 μm or less is made 40 to 80 parts by weight, and the amount of ammonium sulfate powder having a particle size of 177 μm or less is made 20 to 60 parts by weight. A technique is known in which a powder component having a diameter of 37 μm or less is 45 to 70% by weight or a component having a particle diameter of 50 μm or less is 55 to 80% by weight. (See Patent Document 1) In this conventional technology, the proportion of powder particles having a particle diameter of 37 μm or less is relatively high at 45 to 70% by weight, but this reduces the production cost of powder fire extinguishing chemicals for ABC powder fire extinguishers. If the amount of ammonium sulfate powder used in place of part of the main component ammonium dihydrogen phosphate powder for the purpose of reduction is 20% by weight or more, the fire extinguishing performance of the powder fire extinguishing agent will be reduced. It is a technology made to improve the fire extinguishing performance degradation, and with the reduction of manufacturing cost, the fire extinguishing of oil fire B-4 (0.8m ² fire pan fire) with the amount of powder fire extinguishing agent 1.5kg It is intended to maintain ability.

Among fire extinguishers that are currently in widespread use, household fire extinguishers are small and lightweight fire extinguishers that are easy to carry and operate for relatively powerless users such as children and the elderly, such as powder fire extinguishers. Fire extinguishers filled with 1 kg of chemicals and fire extinguishers filled with 1.2 kg are also popular, but they have sufficient fire extinguishing ability to extinguish oil fires of B-4 (0.8m ² fire pan fire). It cannot be said that there is. Furthermore, in an oil fire exceeding B-4 (0.8 m ² fire tray fire), it is impossible to extinguish using these fire extinguishers. For example, in an oil fire of B-7 (1.4m ² fire tray fire), it can be said that it is impossible to extinguish even a conventional fire extinguisher filled with 1.5 kg of powder fire extinguishing agent. Even in the case of an oil fire of B-7 (1.4m ² fire tray fire), use a fire extinguisher (10-type fire extinguisher) filled with a large amount of powder fire extinguishing agent, for example, 3 to 3.5 kg of powder fire extinguishing agent. Although it is possible to extinguish the fire, it is not easy to carry and operate for the above powerless user.

Japanese Patent Publication No. 2-23196

As described above, even the most commonly used ABC powder fire extinguisher is lightweight and easy to operate for relatively weak users such as children and elderly people, and has sufficient fire extinguishing ability in a shorter time. What you have is what you want. Also, depending on the situation, the fire extinguishing ability of B-7 (1.4m ² fire pan fire) exceeds, for example, B-4 (0.8m ² fire pan fire) in the amount of 1.5kg of powder fire extinguishing agent in oil fire. In some cases, a powder fire extinguisher is desired.
In order to solve such problems, the present invention was set forth as a standard in Article 7 of the “Ministerial Ordinance for Establishing Technical Standards for Fire Extinguishing Agents for Fire Extinguishers” and “Test Detailed Rules for Fire Extinguishing Agents for Fire Extinguishers”. It is a powder fire-extinguishing agent having a fire extinguishing ability of B-7 (1.4 m ² fire pan fire) even if the amount is 1.5 kg, and it is intended to be provided at a relatively low cost. In addition, with such a powder fire extinguishing agent, even if it is lighter than 1.5 kg, for example, 1 kg, an oil fire of about B-4 (0.8 m ² fireplate fire) or more It is also possible to have a fire extinguishing capability, and for oil fires of the order of B-4 (0.8 m ² fire tray fire), in a shorter time and more quickly than with conventional powder fire extinguishing agents. It is another object of the present invention to provide a powder fire extinguisher capable of extinguishing, and a fire extinguisher having a high fire extinguishing capability filled with the powder fire extinguishing agent.

  The first powder fire extinguishing agent according to the present invention for solving the above problems contains 70% by mass or more of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate as a main agent in the powder fire extinguishing agent, and the particle size (particle diameter) in the powder extinguishing agent. ) It contains 2.2% by mass or more of powder of 10.8 μm or less. The first powder fire extinguishing agent may contain ammonium sulfate as a component other than the ammonium dihydrogen phosphate as the main agent. Further, if necessary, an anti-caking agent, a fluidity-imparting agent, a water repellent, a colorant and the like can be added and mixed as necessary. The powder having a particle size of 10.8 μm or less preferably contains at least an ammonium dihydrogen phosphate powder.

  The amount of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate in the first powder fire extinguishing agent is preferably 70% by mass to 98% by mass, and the amount of ammonium sulfate is preferably 28% by mass to 0% by mass. Furthermore, it is preferable that an anti-caking agent, a fluidity-imparting agent, a water repellent, and a colorant are added and mixed as a total of 1% by mass to 3% by mass of additives.

  In addition, the second powder fire extinguishing agent according to the present invention for solving the above-described problem includes 30% by mass or more of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate as a main agent in the powder fire extinguishing agent, and a particle size of 10 in the powder fire extinguishing agent. It is characterized by containing 7.2% by mass or more of powder of .8 μm or less. As in the case of the first powder fire extinguishing agent, ammonium sulfate may be contained as a component other than the ammonium dihydrogen phosphate as the main agent in the second powder fire extinguishing agent. Moreover, about a 2nd powder fire extinguishing agent, an anti-caking agent, a fluidity imparting agent, a water repellent, a coloring agent, etc. can be added and mixed as an additive as needed.

  The amount of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate in the second powder fire extinguishing agent is preferably 30% by mass to 98% by mass, and the amount of ammonium sulfate is preferably 68% by mass to 0% by mass. Furthermore, it is preferable that an anti-caking agent, a fluidity-imparting agent, a water repellent, and a colorant are added and mixed as a total of 1% by mass to 3% by mass of additives.

  Examples of the additives include fluidity imparting agents (fluidizing agents) such as silicic anhydride and white carbon (amorphous silica), water repellents such as silicon resin and silica, which are usually used as necessary. Coloring agents such as anti-caking agents and colored powders are listed, but are not particularly limited.

  The fire extinguisher according to the present invention is characterized in that the powder fire extinguishing agent according to the present invention is filled therein.

The first powder fire extinguishing agent according to the present invention contains 70% by mass or more of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate as a main ingredient in the powder fire extinguishing agent and 2.2% by mass or more of powder having a particle size (particle diameter) of 10.8 μm or less. As well as the second powder fire extinguishing agent containing 30% by mass or more of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate as a main agent in the powder fire extinguishing agent and 7.2% by mass or more of powder having a particle size of 10.8 μm or less, It has an oil fire extinguishing ability of at least B-7 (1.4m ² fire pan fire) in an amount of 1.5kg. Therefore, even a small fire extinguisher filled with 1 kg of powder fire extinguishing agent, which is easy to operate even for relatively weak users such as children and elderly people, can fire an oil fire of B-4 (0.8 m ² fire tray fire). It becomes possible to extinguish enough, and when used as a relatively small fire extinguisher filled with 1.5 kg of powder fire extinguishing agent, it is possible to extinguish an oil fire of B-7 (1.4 m ² fire pan fire). It becomes possible. Furthermore, even with the same mass fire extinguisher, when the fire extinguisher of the present invention is used, it is possible to extinguish in a shorter time than when using a fire extinguisher filled with a conventional powder fire extinguishing agent. is there.

  The effects of the first powder fire extinguishing agent and the second powder fire extinguishing agent according to the present invention, and the effect of the fire extinguisher filled with the powder fire extinguishing agent, are shown in the following comparative examples and examples. A specific description will be given based on the component constitution of each powder fire extinguishing agent and fire extinguishing experiments in the examples.

Ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, ammonium sulfate, and other additives were mixed so as to have the following compositions to prepare Powder Extinguishing Agent A to Powder Extinguishing Agent J.

Powder extinguishing agent A:
Ammonium dihydrogen phosphate: 30% by mass
Ammonium sulfate ... 68% by mass
Additives (white carbon, etc.) 2 mass%
Powder with particle size of 10.8μm or less 2.7% by mass
Powder fire extinguishing agent B:
Ammonium dihydrogen phosphate: 30% by mass
Ammonium sulfate ... 68% by mass
Additives (white carbon, etc.) 2 mass%
Powder with a particle size of 10.8μm or less ... 5.8% by mass
Powder fire extinguishing agent C:
Ammonium dihydrogen phosphate: 40% by mass
Ammonium sulfate ... 58% by mass
Additives (white carbon, etc.) 2 mass%
Powder with particle size of 10.8μm or less 2.7% by mass
Powder fire extinguishing agent D:
Ammonium dihydrogen phosphate: 63% by mass
Ammonium sulfate ... 35% by mass
Additives (white carbon, etc.) 2 mass%
Powder with a particle size of 10.8μm or less ... 2.5% by mass
Powder extinguishing agent E:
Ammonium dihydrogen phosphate: 70% by mass
Ammonium sulfate: 28% by mass
Additives (white carbon, etc.) 2 mass%
Powder with a particle size of 10.8μm or less ... 2.0% by mass
Powder fire extinguishing agent F:
Ammonium dihydrogen phosphate: 70% by mass
Ammonium sulfate: 28% by mass
Additives (white carbon, etc.) 2 mass%
Powder with a particle size of 10.8 μm or less 2.2 mass%
Powder fire extinguishing agent G:
Ammonium dihydrogen phosphate: 70% by mass
Ammonium sulfate ... 29% by mass
Additive (white carbon, etc.) 1% by mass
Powder with a particle size of 10.8 μm or less 2.2 mass%
Powder fire extinguishing agent H:
Ammonium dihydrogen phosphate: 70% by mass
Ammonium sulfate ... 27 mass%
Additives (white carbon, etc.) 3% by mass
Powder with a particle size of 10.8 μm or less 2.2 mass%
Powder fire extinguishing agent I:
Ammonium dihydrogen phosphate: 71% by mass
Ammonium sulfate ... 27 mass%
Additives (white carbon, etc.) 2 mass%
Powder with a particle size of 10.8 μm or less 2.4 mass%
Powder fire extinguishing agent J:
Ammonium dihydrogen phosphate: 79% by mass
Ammonium sulfate ... 19% by mass
Additives (white carbon, etc.) 2 mass%
Powder with a particle size of 10.8 μm or less 2.3 mass%
Powder fire extinguishing agent K:
Ammonium dihydrogen phosphate: 88% by mass
Ammonium sulfate ... 10% by mass
Additives (white carbon, etc.) 2 mass%
Powder with a particle size of 10.8 μm or less 2.2 mass%
Powder extinguishing agent L:
Ammonium dihydrogen phosphate: 98% by mass
Ammonium sulfate: 0 mass%
Additives (white carbon, etc.) 2 mass%
Powder with a particle size of 10.8 μm or less 2.4 mass%

The additive is made of white carbon, silicone resin, and color powder, and is added and mixed as a fluidizing agent (fluidity imparting agent), a water repellent / anti-caking agent, and a colorant, respectively.

  In addition, the measurement of the particle | grains of 10.8 micrometers or less in each powder fire extinguishing agent particle | grains was performed in the following procedure. Samples of each powder fire extinguishing agent were set in a laser diffraction particle size distribution measuring device (SALD-200VER manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation), and the volume percentage of particles of 10.8 μm or less was measured. By converting the measured volume% to mass%, the mass% of particles of 10.8 μm or less was obtained.

The following fire extinguishing experiments were conducted using the powder extinguishing agents prepared above.
Fire extinguishing experiment:
Fire model conditions:
Combustion pan: B-7 (model number: 7) Vertical: 118.3 cm, Horizontal: 118.3 cm, Depth: 30 cm (1.4 m ² fire pan fire)
Fuel: n-heptane (1) 1.5 kg of powder fire extinguishing agent (error +100 g to −40 g) was placed in a fire extinguisher container having a capacity of 2.0 liters ± 0.2 liters.
(2) Water was thrown into the B-7 pan to a depth of 12 cm, and n-heptane was thrown to a depth of 3 cm and ignited.
(3) A fire extinguishing operation was performed using the fire extinguisher container of (1) above from a distance of 1 m from the fire pan 1 minute after ignition.

Fire extinguishing experiment results The results of the fire extinguishing experiment are shown in Table 1 below. The item “B-7 Fire extinguishing possibility of fire model” in Table 1 indicates that “○” was able to extinguish, and “x” means that the fire could not be extinguished.

As a result of the above-mentioned fire extinguishing experiment, even if the powder fire extinguishing agent contains 2.5% by mass of powder having a particle size of 10.8 μm or less, the powder extinguishing agent containing 63% by mass of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate or powder extinguishing Even when the powder contains 5.8% by mass of powder having a particle size of 10.8 μm or less, the powder extinguishing agent containing 30% by mass of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate does not have the B-7 extinguishing ability. In addition, even when the amount of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate is 70% by mass in the powder fire extinguishing agent, the powder extinguishing agent containing 2.0% by mass of powder having a particle size of 10.8 μm or less is also an extinguisher of B-7. The ability was not recognized.
On the other hand, from the results of the fire extinguishing experiment using the powder fire extinguishing agent F to the powder fire extinguishing agent L, when the amount of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate is 70% by mass or more in the powder fire extinguishing agent, a powder having a particle size of 10.8 μm or less is obtained. If contained in an amount of 2.2% by mass or more, the powder fire extinguisher was found to have a fire extinguishing ability of B-7.
Moreover, when 1 mass% and 3 mass% of additive were contained, it was recognized that it has a fire extinguishing ability comparable as the case where 2 mass% of additive is contained.

  From this result, the first powder fire extinguishing agent containing 70% by mass or more of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate in the powder fire extinguishing agent and 2.2% by mass or more of the powder having a particle size of 10.8 μm or less in the powder extinguishing agent It can be said that it has a fire extinguishing ability of B-7 or higher, and a remarkably high fire extinguishing ability is recognized as compared with conventional powder fire extinguishing agents.

Each powder fire extinguishing agent was prepared by mixing ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, ammonium sulfate, and other additives so as to have the following compositions.
Powder fire extinguishing agent M:
Ammonium dihydrogen phosphate: 25% by mass
Ammonium sulfate ... 73% by mass
Additives (white carbon, etc.) 2 mass%
Powder with a particle size of 10.8μm or less ... 7.2% by mass
Powder fire extinguishing agent N:
Ammonium dihydrogen phosphate: 30% by mass
Ammonium sulfate ... 68% by mass
Additives (white carbon, etc.) 2 mass%
Powder with a particle size of 10.8μm or less ... 7.2% by mass
Powder fire extinguishing agent O:
Ammonium dihydrogen phosphate: 30% by mass
Ammonium sulfate ... 69% by mass
Additive (white carbon, etc.) 1% by mass
Powder with a particle size of 10.8μm or less ... 7.2% by mass
Powder extinguishing agent P:
Ammonium dihydrogen phosphate: 30% by mass
Ammonium sulfate ... 67 mass%
Additives (white carbon, etc.) 3% by mass
Powder with a particle size of 10.8μm or less ... 7.2% by mass
Powder extinguishing agent Q:
Ammonium dihydrogen phosphate: 70% by mass
Ammonium sulfate: 28% by mass
Additives (white carbon, etc.) 2 mass%
Powder with a particle size of 10.8μm or less ... 7.2% by mass
Powder fire extinguishing agent R:
Ammonium dihydrogen phosphate: 98% by mass
Ammonium sulfate: 0 mass%
Additives (white carbon, etc.) 2 mass%
Powder with a particle size of 10.8μm or less ... 7.2% by mass

The same additive as in Example 1 was used.

  In addition, the measurement of the particle | grains of 10.8 micrometers or less in each powder fire extinguishing agent particle | grains was performed in the same procedure as the said Example 1.

  A fire extinguishing experiment was performed under the same conditions as in Example 1 using each of the prepared powder fire extinguishing agents.

Fire extinguishing experiment results The fire extinguishing experiment results are shown in Table 2 below together with the results of the powder extinguishing agent A to the powder extinguishing agent D of Example 1. In Table 2, “B-7 Fire model can be extinguished” indicates that “○” can be extinguished and “×” cannot be extinguished, as in Table 1. .

As a result of the above fire extinguishing experiment, even when the amount of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate contained in the powder fire extinguishing agent is 30% by mass, the powder extinguishing agent containing 5.8% by mass of powder having a particle size of 10.8 μm or less, or the powder extinguishing agent Even if the amount of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate contained in the chemical is 63% by mass, a powder extinguishing chemical containing 2.5% by mass of powder having a particle size of 10.8 μm or less does not have the fire extinguishing ability of B-7. Moreover, even if the powder fire extinguishing agent contains 7.2% by mass of powder having a particle size of 10.8 μm or less, the powder extinguishing agent containing 25% by mass of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate is the extinguishing of B-7. The ability was not recognized.
On the other hand, from the results of fire extinguishing experiments using powder fire extinguishing agent N to powder fire extinguishing agent R, when the powder extinguishing agent contains 7.2% by mass or more of powder having a particle size of 10.8 μm or less, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate In the case where the amount of is contained at 30% by mass or more, it was confirmed that the powder fire extinguishing agent had the fire extinguishing ability of B-7.
Moreover, when 1 mass% and 3 mass% of additive were contained, it was recognized that it has a fire extinguishing ability comparable as the case where 2 mass% of additive is contained.

From this result, the second powder fire extinguishing agent containing 30% by mass or more of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate in the powder fire extinguishing agent and 7.2% by mass or more of the powder having a particle size of 10.8 μm or less in the powder extinguishing agent It can be said that it has a fire extinguishing ability higher than B-7 (1.4 m ² fire tray fire), and a fire extinguishing ability remarkably higher than that of conventional powder fire extinguishing agents was recognized.

As described above, the powder fire extinguishing agent A to the powder extinguishing agent E and the powder extinguishing agent K in which the fire extinguishing ability of B-7 (1.4 m ² fire tray fire) is not recognized in an amount of 1.5 kg of the powder extinguishing agent are the present invention. Although it is the powder fire extinguishing agent corresponding to the comparative example in, in addition to containing 70 mass% or more ammonium dihydrogen phosphate in the powder fire extinguishing agent, the particle size in the powder fire extinguishing agent is 10.8 μm or less First powder fire-extinguishing agent containing 2.2% by mass or more of the above powder, and powder containing 30% by mass or more of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate in the powder extinguishing agent, and powder having a particle size of 10.8 μm or less in the powder fire-extinguishing agent All of the second powder fire extinguishing agents containing 7.2% by mass or more have a fire extinguishing ability of B-7 (1.4m ² fire pan fire) or more, which is significantly higher than conventional powder extinguishing agents. Allowed A.

  The fire extinguishing agent according to the present invention can be applied to a powder fire extinguisher or a powder fire extinguishing equipment, and the fire extinguisher according to the present invention can be used as an ABC powder fire extinguisher that has been widely used.

Claims (7)

  A powder fire-extinguishing agent comprising 70% by mass or more of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate in a powder extinguishing agent and 2.2% by mass or more of a powder having a particle size of 10.8 μm or less in the powder extinguishing agent.   The powder fire extinguishing agent according to claim 1, comprising 70% by mass to 98% by mass of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate and 29% by mass to 0% by mass of ammonium sulfate.   The powder fire-extinguishing agent according to claim 2, wherein an anti-caking agent, a fluidity-imparting agent, a water repellent, and a colorant are added and mixed as a total of 1 to 3% by mass of additives.   A powder fire-extinguishing agent comprising 30% by mass or more of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate in a powder extinguishing agent and 7.2% by mass or more of a powder having a particle size of 10.8 μm or less in the powder extinguishing agent.   The powder fire extinguishing agent according to claim 4, comprising 30% by mass to 98% by mass of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate and 69% by mass to 0% by mass of ammonium sulfate.   6. The powder fire extinguishing agent according to claim 5, wherein an anti-caking agent, a fluidity imparting agent, a water repellent, and a colorant are added and mixed as a total of 1% by mass to 3% by mass of additives.   A fire extinguisher having the powder fire extinguishing agent according to any one of claims 1 to 6 filled therein.