JP2012105488A - Reactive power adjustment system and reactive power adjustment method of distribution line - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a reactive power adjustment technique of a distribution line capable of reducing the reactive power of the entire distribution line by grasping the reactive power requirements of the distribution line and performing phase modification control for a low-voltage load apparatus connected to the end of the distribution line.SOLUTION: A reactive power adjustment system of a distribution line comprises: measuring means which is installed in the distribution line to calculate a reactive power and a power factor; power factor adjusting means which is provided in each of a plurality of low-voltage load apparatuses connected to the end of a low-voltage distribution line on the load side via each of the distribution transformers disposed in the distribution line; a control device which issues a control command signal when the reactive power periodically calculated based on the measuring results of the measuring means is out of a predetermined range; and communication means which enables signal exchange between the measuring means, each of the power factor adjusting means, and the control device. The reactive power adjustment system and the adjustment method using the same sequentially perform phase modification control to consume and reduce the reactive power of the distribution line when each of the power factor adjusting means which received an input of the control command signal operates for each of the distribution transformers.

Description

  The present invention relates to a reactive power adjustment technique for a distribution line that can absorb the reactive power of the entire distribution line at low cost, easily, and efficiently by performing phase adjustment control of a low-voltage load device connected to the terminal.

  In general, power is distributed from power stations in various places to power consumers through distribution lines and distribution substations. A distribution transformer (also called a pole transformer in the case of an aerial distribution line) is arranged for each predetermined section in the distribution line, and the distribution line and the low-voltage distribution line on the load side thereof are used. Power is distributed to one or more areas. In each area, so-called small-sized electric power consumers such as ordinary households receive power by receiving a lead-in line further branched from the branch line, and distribute power to various low-voltage load devices such as home appliances. On the other hand, large-scale (large-scale) electric power consumers are equipped with private power receiving equipment on the premises, receiving power directly from the distribution line at high voltage or extra high voltage, stepping down and distributing electricity on the premises, and feeding low-voltage load equipment .

  Such low-voltage load devices generally include an electric motor, a light load transformer, and the like, so that during operation, a delay power factor is caused by these inductance components, and the demand for reactive power increases. For this reason, a large current with a low power factor is sent from a substation on the power source side through a distribution line, resulting in an excessive voltage drop and power loss. In order to reduce this delayed reactive power, general electric utilities such as electric power companies adjust their daily reactive power by operating their own phase-adjusting equipment such as phase-advancing capacitors and shunt reactors. In addition, power consumers are working to improve the power factor at the power receiving point by installing phase-advancing capacitors, etc., through preferential measures such as discounts in the current electricity rate system. In addition, home appliance manufacturers have installed a phase-advancing capacitor in the power-on state for power factor improvement in the power supply circuit of home appliances including their own motors, and have come to show a high power factor during operation.

  On the other hand, in recent years, the demand for reactive power has been increasing due to light loads such as consecutive holidays and nights. This trend is thought to be mainly due to the influence of the penetration of power factor improving capacitors into low-voltage load devices such as home appliances and an increase in cable facilities. General electric utilities can increase the demand for reactive power by operating phase-adjusting equipment such as shunt reactors, generators, and synchronous phase adjusters that they own during such periods and times when the reactive power increases. As a result, there is a situation where daily reactive power cannot be sufficiently adjusted. When reactive power is difficult to adjust in this way, power factor improvement capacitor equipment that can be turned on and off on the power consumer side is opened at night or during consecutive holidays, etc. at the request of general electric utilities. There are also cases.

  About the adjustment of the reactive power in a distribution line, some proposals are made to date (for example, refer patent documents 1-3). In short, the proposals in these patent documents are installed on the power supply side while monitoring the reactive power demand of the entire distribution line after comprehensively grasping the configuration of the electrical equipment of the distribution line. The higher-order phase adjusting equipment is operated as necessary to reduce the reactive power of the entire distribution line.

JP 2002-252924 A JP 2002-159184 A JP 2004-180402 A

  However, in these proposals, large-scale phase adjustment equipment is used to adjust the reactive power on a large scale, so it is necessary to install not only the phase-advancing capacitor equipment and shunt reactor equipment but also circuit breakers. While the cost is extremely excessive, there arises a problem of over-adjustment of reactive power and a problem of increased loss in distribution lines. In particular, in the reactive power adjustment system according to the proposal of Patent Document 2, there is a problem that the equipment cost and the communication cost for constructing the communication network become large. Thus, at present, there is no detailed reactive power management that reaches the low-voltage load equipment at the end of each distribution line, and the utilization and adjustment capacity of reactive power demand in private electrical equipment for small-scale power consumers. It is not attracting attention as well.

  The present invention has been made in order to solve the above-mentioned problems, and by performing phase adjustment control on the low-voltage side for low-voltage load devices such as home appliances at the demand end of distribution lines, the present invention is inexpensive, simple, and efficient. It is an object of the present invention to provide a reactive power adjustment system and reactive power adjustment method for a distribution line that can absorb the reactive power of the distribution line.

  According to one aspect of the present invention, the object is that the measuring means installed at a predetermined position of the distribution line in order to obtain the reactive power and the power factor, and each distribution transformer disposed on the distribution line Power factor adjusting means provided on all or part of a plurality of low-voltage load devices connected to the ends of the load-side low-voltage distribution lines, and reactive power periodically obtained based on the measurement results of the measuring means is predetermined. A control device that issues a control command signal when out of the range, and a communication device that enables transmission and reception of signals between the measuring device and each power factor adjusting device and the control device, A phase adjustment control for operating each power factor adjusting means for each distribution transformer in response to an input of a command signal is sequentially performed along the distribution line, and is configured to consume and reduce reactive power of the distribution line It is characterized by being It is achieved by reactive power regulator system of the electric wire.

  The object is also according to another aspect of the present invention, in which a plurality of low-voltage load devices connected to individual distribution transformers arranged on the distribution line are provided with power factor adjusting means, respectively, The power factor and the reactive power are periodically grasped, and when the advanced or delayed reactive power exceeding the predetermined range is detected, the phase adjustment control for operating the power factor adjusting means for each of the distribution transformers is performed along the distribution line. The present invention is achieved by a reactive power adjustment method for a distribution line, which is performed sequentially to consume and reduce the reactive power of the distribution line.

Since the reactive power adjustment system of the present invention performs power factor adjustment of low-voltage load equipment such as home appliances owned by individual power consumers, not at high-voltage distribution lines but at low-voltage distribution line terminals, It becomes possible to effectively utilize the reactive power demand possessed by the load device. Therefore, without introducing special large-scale equipment, along with the line loss of the distribution line, the high-frequency absorptance is high, so that it is possible to reduce the burnout accident caused by the harmonics and contribute to the reduction of CO ₂ . The reactive power adjustment system of the present invention can be constructed inexpensively and easily by improving existing facilities and low-voltage load equipment.

It is a figure which shows an example of embodiment of the distribution line reactive power adjustment system of this invention. It is a figure which shows an example of the operation pattern and reactive power output type of a reactive power certification | authentication apparatus. It is a figure which shows typically the connection state of the power factor adjustment means to a general inverter apparatus. It is a figure which shows the circuit diagram of the general inverter apparatus provided with the power factor adjustment means. It is a figure which shows the connection state of the power factor adjustment means in the case of the low voltage | pressure load which does not have an inverter apparatus. It is an example of the block diagram which shows the apparatus structure of the control apparatus in this invention. It is a control flowchart of phase adjustment control in the present invention. In FIG. 7, it is a control flowchart of delay control (1). FIG. 8 is a control flow diagram of high power factor return control (2) in FIG. 7. In FIG. 7, it is a control flowchart of advance control (3). FIG. 8 is a control flowchart in the high power factor return direction (4) in FIG. 7. It is a figure for demonstrating the control direction along the distribution line of the phase-modulation control of this invention. It is a figure for demonstrating the example of phase control in this invention with respect to the reactive power demand of a general distribution line. It is a figure for demonstrating the suitable phase adjustment control example in this invention with respect to the reactive power demand of a general distribution line.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. FIG. 1: has shown an example of embodiment of the distribution line reactive power adjustment system of this invention. In this figure, a reactive power adjustment system (hereinafter simply referred to as “system”) 1 for a distribution line according to the present invention includes voltage measurement means 13 and 16 and a current measurement means 14 installed at predetermined positions of the distribution line 11, A control device 30 that obtains measurement results from the respective measurement means, performs predetermined calculation processing, and issues a control command signal to the power factor adjustment means provided in a part of the low-pressure load device via the communication means; have. The system 1 according to the present embodiment is applied to reactive power adjustment of the distribution line 11 that distributes and supplies power from the bus 10 in the distribution substation to each power consumer via the circuit breaker 12. The electric wire can include a branch line branched from the middle or the end thereof. The system 1 of the present invention can also be applied to the entire distribution system including from the secondary side of the transformer in the distribution substation (for each bank when a plurality of transformers are installed) to the bus. .

  In the distribution line 11, distribution transformers 15, 17, 19, 21, 23, 25,... Are arranged for each predetermined section, and a low-voltage distribution line (on the secondary side of each distribution transformer) The power is distributed toward one or a plurality of areas (not shown). In each area, each electric power consumer (general household etc.) receives power from the low voltage distribution line via a lead-in line, and further, for example, a plurality of low voltage load devices such as home appliances (in FIG. 1, the low voltage distribution line from the distribution transformer 17) Only the low-voltage load devices L1, L2, L3,... Connected to are shown, and the load side of other distribution transformers is not shown.

  The measuring means 13 and 14 in the present embodiment are an instrument transformer and a current transformer, respectively, and are installed near the bus of the distribution line 11. The instrument transformer 13 measures the output voltage V <b> 1 from the bus 10, and the current transformer 14 measures the load current I flowing through the distribution line 11. The measuring means 16 is an instrument transformer and measures the voltage V2 at the installation position of a distribution transformer (symbol 15 in the drawing) appropriately selected in the distribution line 11. The secondary output signals of these measuring means are inputted to the control device 30 via signal lines 13a, 14a and 16a, respectively. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, the measuring transformers 13 and 14 and the current transformer are used as the measuring means 13, 14 and 16 as described above. However, the measuring means 13 and 14 and 16 are not limited to these. Commonly used power factor meters, reactive energy meters and other measuring means can also be used. In the following, the instrument transformer and current transformer are denoted by the same reference numerals as the reference numerals (13, 14, 16) attached to the measuring means.

[Low pressure load equipment]
The low-voltage load equipment in the present invention is mainly used for household appliances such as televisions, audio equipment, washing machines, refrigerators, air conditioners, and OA equipment such as personal computers used in general homes, and demand for power that is not received at high voltage. For example, low-voltage load devices (machine tools, printing machines in a printing factory, etc.) in homes or electric power consumers who have received power at high voltage but do not have a phase advance capacitor facility.

  Such low-voltage load devices can be classified into several patterns (hereinafter referred to as “operation patterns”) according to their operation time zones. For example, home appliances and office automation equipment in ordinary homes and offices, machine tools in factories, etc. are operated in the daytime, and heat storage devices such as natural refrigerant heat pump water heaters that have recently become popular are operated at nighttime. is there. In addition, among low-pressure load devices that are operated during the daytime, some devices are operated irregularly as necessary, such as an air conditioner. On the other hand, some home appliances such as a refrigerator are always operated (24 hours). Here, the daytime represents the time zone from 8:00 am to 11:00 pm, and the nighttime represents the other time zone, which is equivalent to the division of the operation time zone in the calculation of electricity charges. As this operating time zone, for example, according to the daily reactive power demand curve of a general distribution line (see, for example, FIG. 13A), the time zone from 10 am to 5 pm is daytime and from 11 pm The next day at 8am is set to night, and the remaining time zones from 8am to 10am and from 5pm to 11pm are divided into 4 categories as so-called family time in the morning and forward night respectively. It can also be divided. For example, according to the reactive power demand curve shown in FIG. 13 (a), it can be seen that the reactive power demand or the delayed reactive power demand increases according to the time zone, or shows a high power factor. In other words, the demand for reactive power increases from 10:00 am to 4:00 pm (except for 1 hour from 12:00 pm to 1 pm), and the reverse progress is made from 10:00 pm to 9:00 am the next day. Reactive power demand will increase. In other time zones, the power factor is high.

[Reactive power certified equipment]
In the present embodiment, the low-voltage load device is classified into a delay type and an advanced type according to its reactive power output type, and is operated along respective operation patterns to absorb reactive power. Thereby, the reactive power which the low voltage | pressure load apparatus (home appliance etc.) originally has can be used effectively. Such operation management can be performed by each electric power company (hereinafter, such low-voltage load equipment related to operation and management by the electric power company will be referred to as “reactive power certified equipment”). If the reactive power certified device is a household electrical appliance, the reactive power adjustment is based on the reactive power certification of small household electrical appliances that is changed annually by the power company. It is implemented by changing the power factor correction device manually for existing home appliances. The reactive power amount is adjusted so that the power factor of the target low-voltage load device is within 85%. FIG. 2 shows a combination example of the reactive power output type (advanced type, delayed type or high power factor type) and operation pattern of the reactive power certified device based on such operation. The reactive power certified devices are as shown in this figure: (1) Nighttime operation / delay type (see FIG. 2 (a)), (2) Daytime operation / advanced type (see FIG. 2 (b)) and (3) It can be classified into three categories: 24-hour operation and high power factor type (see Fig. 2 (c)). Many reactive power certified devices can be operated as a high power factor type, but in regions where reactive power demand is large, etc., the advanced type or the delayed type (category (1) or (2)) depending on the operation pattern It is preferable to operate as

[Power factor adjustment means]
In this invention, a power factor adjustment means is provided in the several low voltage | pressure load apparatus (including reactive power certification | authentication apparatus) connected to the low voltage distribution line for every distribution transformer in a distribution line. The power factor adjusting means may be provided in all low-voltage load devices, or may be provided in a part of them. Whether it is all or part of it can be determined in consideration of the load characteristics of each low-voltage distribution line and the cost-effectiveness of adding power factor adjusting means. In addition, when providing power factor adjustment means for some low-voltage load devices, the type, capacity, inductance, operating pattern, etc. of the low-voltage load device determines which low-voltage load device the power factor adjustment means is added to. Can be determined.

  In the present embodiment, the power factor adjusting means is provided in some low-voltage load devices (including reactive power certified devices). Specifically, a plurality of low-voltage load devices are divided in two according to their capacity, and in principle, power factor adjustment means is provided for large-capacity low-voltage load devices, and power factor is adjusted as necessary for small-capacity low-pressure load devices. Adjustment means are provided. Although the boundary value between the large and small capacities of the low-voltage load device can be set as appropriate, in this embodiment, the boundary value is set to 1 kW, the “large capacity” is set to 1 kW or more, and the “small capacity” is set to less than 1 kW. . In this case, examples of the large-capacity device include home appliances such as a television, a washing machine, an air conditioner, lighting, and an electromagnetic cooker in addition to the OA device. However, among large-capacity low-pressure load devices that normally operate at night, such as a night-time heat storage type natural refrigerant heat pump water heater, the operation pattern is determined. It is also possible to use without adding. Such natural refrigerant heat pump water heaters usually have a delayed power factor current due to the built-in inductor (inductive reactance) component, so the effect of improving the power factor by night operation can be expected. This is because the power factor is improved, and if no change is made, there is an advantage that it becomes economically advantageous as a high power factor type. Such a low-voltage load device can be managed by an electric power company as a reactive power certified device for nighttime operation and delayed type, and in cooperation with the manufacturer.

  The power factor adjusting means of the present invention can be used as long as it has a configuration including a power factor improving device such as at least one power factor improving capacitor and a switch for switching on and off the power factor improving device. There is no particular limitation on the circuit configuration. Preferably, the power factor adjusting means of the present invention has a communication function, and can receive and input a power factor improving device upon receiving a signal such as a control command signal transmitted from the control device via the communication means. It is good to be configured as follows. Further, the power factor adjusting means of the present invention has a communication display function, receives a signal from the control device, displays that it is necessary to operate the power factor adjusting means, and notifies visually or audibly. It should be configured. When adding to a large-capacity low-voltage load device, the power factor adjustment means is particularly equipped with a communication function, and receives a control command signal from the control device via the communication means, and is a delayed type, advanced type or high power factor type. It is preferable that these three states can be switched.

  The power factor improving device and the changeover switch of the power factor adjusting means can be appropriately selected and used according to the configuration of the power supply circuit of the large-capacity low-voltage load device (for example, lack of equipment of the inverter device). Here, specific examples of the power factor adjusting means having a switching function capable of loading the low-voltage load device are shown for two cases of the case where the large-capacity low-voltage load device has the inverter device and the case where it does not have the inverter device.

A. In the case of a low-pressure load device having an inverter device First, the case of a large-capacity low-pressure load device incorporating an inverter device such as an air conditioner, a television, an OA device, a natural refrigerant heat pump water heater, or a lighting will be described. FIG. 3 shows a block diagram of a configuration example in which a power factor adjusting means is added to a switch power supply device 35 of a large-capacity low-voltage load device incorporating a general inverter device. In this figure, illustration of a smoothing circuit, a filter circuit, etc. is omitted. As in the example of this figure, the AC power source 36 is converted into a direct current in the AC / DC converter circuit 37 and then converted into another direct current in the DC / DC converter circuit 38, and the rectifier is branched from the power source 36. 40 and the circuit through which the power factor adjustment means 41 are connected in parallel and supplied to the motor circuit 39 to provide a phase adjusting function. The DC / DC converter circuit 38 can be replaced with a DC / AC inverter circuit. Moreover, even if it is a low voltage | pressure load apparatus which has an inverter apparatus, it is not limited to the above power factor adjustment means, A power factor improvement apparatus can be provided and used based on conventionally well-known various methods.

FIG. 4 shows a specific circuit diagram of the switch power supply device in the inverter device. In this figure, reference numeral 36 is a commercial AC power source (voltage V1), 42 is a full-wave rectifier, C, _{C 0} is a smoothing capacitor, M1, M2 transformer, D1 to D4 are diodes, S1, S2 are switching elements, PWM is A pulse width conversion circuit, R ₀ is a load resistor, and has a conventionally known circuit configuration except for the additional portion 41 including the switch element S2. The switch element S1 is ON / OFF controlled by PWM, and the switch element S2 is configured to be ON / OFF controlled by a voltage signal in the upstream of the diode D2. In the power supply device 35 shown in FIG. 4, FETs are used for the switch elements S <b> 1 and S <b> 2, respectively, and insulation is performed using transformers M <b> 1 and M <b> 2.

In this switch power supply device 35, a capacitor input type circuit 35b is constituted by a full-wave rectifier 42 connected to a commercial AC power supply 36, a capacitor C provided between the outputs, and a primary side of the transformer M1 and the switch element S1. And the current i ₂ flowing through the full-wave rectifier 42 has a pulse shape (see FIGS. 4B to 4D). The outputs of the two diodes D1 and D2 connected to the power source 36 are combined and connected to the upstream side of the switch element S1 through the transformer M2 and the switch element S2. The power factor improving circuit 35a The current i ₁ after the diode output synthesis is shown in FIGS. 4B to 4D according to the ON / OFF cut timing of the switch element S2 that controls the phase of the load current in three stages of + 90 °, −90 °, and 0 °. As shown in Fig. 4, the waveforms of the advanced type, the delayed type and the high power factor type are presented. By phase-controlling the waveform of the current i _1, the current i ₃ obtained by synthesizing the current i ₁ and the current i ₂ exhibits a waveform of each state of an advanced type, a delayed type, or a high power factor type. It becomes like this. On the secondary side of the two transformers M1 and M2, the respective outputs are combined, and the output signal is smoothed by the smoothing capacitor Co. In a low-voltage load device provided with an inverter device, by providing such a switch power supply device 35, it is possible to perform phased control of a leading power factor, a delay power factor, and a high power factor on the power source side. The present invention is not limited to the circuit configuration of the phase control by the switch power supply device 35 shown in FIG. 4, and other phase control circuits (or devices) may be used if possible. it can.

B. In the case of low-voltage load equipment that does not have an inverter device Next, power factor adjusting means that can be applied to a low-voltage load that does not have an inverter device will be described. The power factor adjusting means exemplified below uses a power factor improving capacitor, and can be provided on the power line on the load side of the power switch in the low-voltage load device. By performing the insertion and removal of the capacitor at such a low pressure, there is an advantage that it is easier and safer than at the high pressure.

  FIG. 5 shows some examples of the power factor adjusting means added to the low-pressure load not having the inverter device. FIG. 5A shows an example of a power factor adjusting unit having a configuration suitable for being added to a large-capacity low-pressure load device. The power factor adjusting means 45 includes a leading capacitor 46, a power factor improving capacitor 47, and a three-point switching type switch 48, and the leading capacitor 46 or the power factor improving capacitor 47 or these two capacitors are turned on, It is configured so that it can be separated freely. Capacitances of the advance capacitor 46 and the power factor improving capacitor 47 can be set as appropriate, but the latter can provide an advance reactive power that can cancel the delayed reactive power due to the inductive reactance component of the low-voltage load device. The former can be configured to have a relatively larger capacitance than the power factor improving capacitor 47. By using such a power factor adjusting means 45, a large-capacity low-pressure load device having no inverter device can be switched to a delay type, a lead type, or a high power factor type.

  This power factor adjusting means 45 has a communication function so that signals can be exchanged with a control device to be described later. The advance capacitor 46 and the power factor improving capacitor 47 are controlled by a control command signal from the control device. It is preferable to be configured so that it can be turned on and off. When the delayed reactive power demand is large in the distribution line, the changeover switch 48 is switched to the advance capacitor 46 input position in response to the input of the control command signal from the control device, thereby contributing to the reduction of the delayed reactive power. . Further, when the demand for the reactive power on the distribution line is large, the changeover switch 48 is switched to disconnecting the forward capacitor 46 and the power factor improving capacitor 47, and the reactive component of the low-voltage load device advances and contributes to the reduction of reactive power. Will do. In addition, when the reactive power demand of the distribution line is within a predetermined range (high power factor range) or when the phase adjustment control is over-controlled, the changeover switch 48 is switched to the power factor improving capacitor 47. Instead, it contributes to maintaining a high power factor.

  For low-voltage load equipment with a small capacity (for example, less than 1 kW), considering the structure and economics (cost-effectiveness) of the equipment, power factor adjustment means are appropriately selected from the following examples and added. it can. If each of these variations is advantageous in terms of economy, etc., the communication means described later is provided in the same manner as the large-capacity low-pressure load equipment, and this is operated remotely, or the communication display means is provided. You may make it notify visually to a consumer.

  First, as an example of the variation, there is a power factor adjusting means shown in FIG. The power factor adjusting means 49 includes a lead capacitor 50 having a capacitance comparable to that shown in FIG. 5A and a two-point switching type switch 51. Switching on and off of the advance capacitor 50 can be switched. The power factor adjusting means 49 may have a communication display function, and may be a manual switching type that is manually switched by an electric power consumer according to the notification content. In the power factor adjusting means 49, when it is notified that the demand for delayed reactive power in the distribution line has increased, the changeover switch 51 is switched and the advance capacitor 50 is turned on, thereby contributing to the reduction of the delayed reactive power. it can. On the other hand, when it is announced that the demand for the advanced reactive power of the distribution line has increased, the advancement capacitor 50 is disconnected by switching the changeover switch 51, thereby contributing to the reduction of the reactive power by the reactance component of the low-voltage load device. it can.

  In addition, for a low-capacity load device having a small capacity, when it is predicted that a predetermined cost-effectiveness cannot be obtained, a configuration in which the power factor adjusting means is not particularly provided (see FIG. 5C). . In this case, if the low-capacity load device having a small capacity has an inductor component, the reactive power demand will be increased slightly during the operation. Further, when the low-voltage load device is equipped with a power factor improving capacitor, it is possible to adopt a configuration in which a changeover switch is not attached (not shown. In the following, for the sake of convenience of explanation, a new power factor is used in this way. If no adjustment means is added, this low-voltage load device will be referred to as “reactive power certification device (fixed type)”. Similarly, it goes without saying that the power factor adjusting means 45 including the advance capacitor 46, the power factor improving capacitor 47, and the three-point switching type switch 48 shown in FIG. 5A can be installed.

[Control device]
As the control device 30, a conventionally known device including an arithmetic control unit, a storage unit, an input unit, and an output unit can be used. An example of the internal configuration of such a control device 30 is shown in FIG. As shown in this figure, the calculation control unit 55 includes a CPU, a working memory, and the like, and is configured to control the operation of each unit in the control device together with the calculation. The timer unit 56 has a timing function in phase adjustment control; and is configured to output a predetermined signal when a set time input from an input unit described later has elapsed. The input unit 57 receives output signals from measuring means such as voltage and current at a predetermined position of the distribution line and various setting inputs by the operator, and the output unit 59 controls control commands based on the calculation results in the calculation control unit. A signal is output to a communication means described later. This output signal can be individually or collectively transmitted to each distribution transformer through, for example, power line carrier communication. The storage unit 56 has a function of temporarily storing a control command signal output from the calculation control unit 55 as necessary, in addition to a measurement value and a set value input through the input unit. By providing each part as described above, the control device 30 acquires measurement results from various measurement means arranged at predetermined locations of the distribution line 11, and performs calculation processing using these measurement results when necessary. The power factor (angle) and reactive power can be obtained, and the phase control signal can be output based on the calculation result.

[Communication means]
In the present invention, a conventionally known method can be used as the communication means for transmitting the control command signal from the control device 30, and is not particularly limited. For example, power line carrier communication and television data transmission can be suitably used as communication means. In the case of power line carrier communication, a power line carrier device (master station) is provided for each bank in a substation, and a power line carrier repeater is provided in a distribution transformer. By providing this function, the control signal from the control device 30 can be sent to the power factor adjusting means of each low-voltage load device via the relay device of the distribution transformer. Further, as shown in FIG. 1, control command lines 13a, 14a, etc. may be utilized to transmit a control command signal directly to each power factor adjusting means by wire, or may be transmitted wirelessly. The communication means carries a control command signal for operating the power factor adjusting means of each low-voltage load device, and also carries a signal that can be displayed in the display function when the power factor adjusting means has a display function. It may be.

[Measurement of power factor and reactive power]
In the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, the control device 30 has a small force corresponding to each of the transmission voltage V1 of the distribution line 11, the voltage V2 at the installation point of the distribution transformer 15, and the load current I of the distribution line 11 via the input unit. The voltage drop ΔV (= V1−V2) at the installation point of the distribution transformer 15 is obtained, and the power factor (power factor angle) is obtained from this and the load current I. This calculation can be explained by modifying Equation 1 of voltage drop and deriving Equation 5 as shown below. As is apparent from Equation 5, if the resistance component r and reactance component X of the distribution line are known, the power factor angle θ can be calculated by obtaining the voltage drop ΔV and the load current I. The reactive power can be obtained by a conventional method using the calculation result of the power factor (angle).

  By adopting this power factor (corner) and reactive power calculation method, a power factor meter, which is an expensive device, or a reactive energy meter is installed at a predetermined position on the distribution line as before. There is an advantage that an inexpensive system can be constructed. Based on the calculation result thus obtained, the control device 30 transmits a control command signal to a predetermined distribution transformer in the distribution line through the output unit. In addition, the measuring method of a power factor and reactive power is not limited to such a method, You may obtain | require by conventionally well-known various methods.

[Phase control]
In the present invention, as described above, when the reactive power of the distribution line is out of the predetermined range, the low-voltage load device group for each distribution transformer in which the power factor adjusting means is added to all or a part thereof, respectively. As one unit, phase adjustment control is sequentially performed for each unit along the distribution line to improve the power factor and reduce reactive power. Next, with reference to the following Table 1 and the attached FIGS. 7 to 12, a description will be given including the phase adjustment control by the capacitor method and the inverter method of the present invention. Table 1 summarizes the contents of the phase control of the system 1 of the present invention according to the operation pattern of the low-voltage load equipment. FIG. 7 shows a basic flow of phase adjustment control performed by the system 1 of the present invention. 8 and 10 show control flow charts of the delay control (1) and the advance control (3) in FIG. 7, and FIGS. 9 and 11 show the control from the delay control to the high power factor control in FIG. The control flowchart of the high power factor return control (2) to return and the high power factor return control (4) to return from the advance control to the high power factor control is shown. Furthermore, FIG. 12 is a figure for demonstrating the control direction along the distribution line of the phase-modulation control of this invention.

  When the distribution line reactive power adjustment system of the present invention is activated (S01), it measures the power factor (power factor angle) and reactive power of the distribution line (S02). Here, the measurement refers to a series of steps in which output signals from the measuring means 13, 14 and 16 are acquired instantaneously and the control device calculates the power factor and reactive power. The calculation method is as described above. In addition, the power factor (power factor angle) and reactive power of a distribution line are not limited to such a measuring method, You may be based on the conventionally well-known measuring method using a power factor meter, a reactive energy meter, etc. These measurement cycles can be appropriately set in a time of about 5 to 60 minutes, but are usually set to about 10 minutes in order for the system 1 of the present invention to reliably respond to the reactive power demand of the distribution lines.

  In the system 1 of the present invention, the control device 30 determines whether or not reactive power adjustment is necessary based on whether or not the reactive power measurement value is within a predetermined range (S03). This predetermined range (so-called dead zone) can be set in advance by the operator inputting a set value from the input unit. If the reactive power measurement value is within the dead zone, after waiting for a predetermined time (S03), the power factor and reactive power are measured again (S02). This predetermined time is normally set to about 10 minutes. On the other hand, when the reactive power measurement value is out of the dead zone, it is determined whether the reactive power is delayed reactive power or advanced reactive power from the power factor angle (S05).

  If the determination result is advance reactive power, the flags of advance control MAX (P3) and high power factor return control MAX (P4) are set to 0 (S06). Here, the flag of the control MAX takes a value of 0 or 1, and when the flag is 0, phase control is performed on the load via a distribution transformer located in the middle of the distribution line, and The phase adjustment control is possible in the traveling direction of the control along the distribution line, and thereby the reactive power demand can be further reduced. The state where the flag is set to 1 means that the end of the distribution line Phase modulation control is performed on the load via the distribution transformer, and phase distribution control cannot be shifted because there is no distribution transformer adjacent to the traveling direction of the control, and reactive power demand cannot be reduced. This is the state where the control amount is maximum (hereinafter the same).

  Then, it is determined from the numerical value of the flag whether or not the previous control end pattern was the delay control MAX (S07). As a result, when the flag of the delay control MAX (P1) is set to 1, since there is no distribution transformer adjacent to the control traveling direction, after waiting for a predetermined time (S04), the power factor, Return to reactive power measurement (S02). When the flag of the control MAX (P1) is 0, it is subsequently determined whether or not the previous control end pattern is advance control (S12). If the result of determination is not advance control, phase adjustment control of the “delay control (1)” pattern is carried out (S09), and the high power factor capacitor of the power factor adjusting means in the low-voltage load device is sequentially cut to advance reactive power Can be reduced. If the previous control end pattern is advance control, the advance capacitor SC is inserted. Therefore, in order to control this to a high power factor, the advance capacitor is disconnected, and the advance reactive power is reduced. Return control (2) "pattern control is performed (S10).

  On the other hand, if the determination result is delayed reactive power, the flags of the delay control MAX (P1) and the high power factor return control MAX (P2) are set to 0 (S11). Then, it is determined from the numerical value of the flag whether or not the control MAX (P3) was reached at the end of the previous control (S12). As a result, when the flag of the delay control MAX (P3) is set to 1 (S07), there is no distribution transformer adjacent to the control traveling direction, and therefore, the phase control is not performed for a predetermined time. After waiting (S04), power factor and reactive power are measured (S02). When the flag of the control MAX (P1) is 0, it is subsequently determined whether or not the previous control end pattern was delay control (S13). As a result, when the delay control is not performed, the high power factor capacitor is sequentially turned off to reduce the advance reactive power, and the phase adjustment and phase adjustment of the “advance control (3)” pattern is performed (S14), and the previous control ends. If the pattern is a delay control, the advance capacitor SC is inserted, so in order to control this to a high power factor, the advance capacitor is disconnected and the reactive power is reduced. (4) "The pattern is controlled (S15).

  Next, the contents of the control of each pattern of the “delay control (1)”, “high power factor return control (2)”, “advance control (3)”, and “high power factor return control (4)”. This will be described in more detail. The relationship between these patterns is that each pattern of the delay control (1) and the advance control (3) is controlled so as to reduce the reactive power in the delay direction or the advance direction, while the high power factor return. Controls (2) and (4) are for controlling the reactive power to be reduced by shifting the power factor adjusting means to the high power factor type when over-control is caused by the delay control or the like. When the reactive power changes to the delay power factor in the state of the delay control (1) pattern, the control pattern is changed in the order of delay control (1) → high power factor return control (4) → advance control (3). If the reactive power shifts to the advance power factor in the state of advance control (3) pattern, the control pattern is in the order of advance control (3) → high power factor return control (2) → delay control (1). Will migrate. The control of each pattern is sequentially repeated along the distribution line until it is confirmed that the reactive power is within a predetermined range.

In the control of each pattern, as shown in FIGS. 8 to 11, first, a control start point (Tr _n ) is determined (S20, S30, S40, S50). Here, the control start point (Tr _n ) indicates a distribution transformer related to the start of control, and when the reactive power demand exceeds a predetermined range, phase control is performed from the control start point (Tr _n ). Will be started. The control start point (Tr _n ) at the time of starting the system of the present invention is, for example, an arbitrary distribution transformer in the distribution line (for example, the distribution transformer located at the end of the most power supply side or load side, or the middle of the distribution line) However, from the viewpoint of reducing the reactive power, it is preferable to set the distribution transformer at the end of the distribution line that is excellent in the effect.

  Each control pattern below describes a mode in which a control command signal is transmitted to a power factor adjusting unit of a low-voltage load device using a communication unit such as power line carrier communication. However, when the low-voltage load device has a small capacity, for example, and the power factor adjusting means included in the low-voltage load device has a display function, it is possible to display visually or audibly instead of such a control command signal. The power factor improvement capacitor of the power factor adjustment means in all or part of the small-capacity low-voltage load equipment is manually opened and closed for power consumers who own low-voltage load equipment. It may be a request.

1. Delay control (1)
In the delay control (1) pattern, as shown in FIG. 8, after the control device 30 determines the control start point (Tr _n ) (S20), the distribution transformer at the control start point (Tr _n ) A control command signal is issued (S21). On the load side of the distribution transformer that has received this control command signal, among the large-capacity low-voltage load devices, those having an inverter device are equivalent to the reactive power set in advance by the power factor adjusting means 35 shown in FIG. A device that performs a delay control operation and does not have an inverter device is controlled so as to disconnect the high power factor capacitor 47 in the power factor adjusting means 45 shown in FIG. In addition, when a low-capacity load device having a small capacity is provided with a power factor adjustment unit 45 and a power factor adjustment unit having a communication function, the control command signal is input in the same manner as in the case of the low-voltage load device having no inverter device. In response, the high power factor capacitor is controlled to be disconnected. Further, in this delay control (1) pattern, if a fixed low-voltage load device that includes a motor circuit and exhibits a delay power factor is in operation, it contributes to power factor improvement and reduction of the advanced reactive power. . When the power factor adjustment means has a display function and a request for power factor adjustment is displayed there, the power consumer manually disconnects the power factor improving capacitor of the power factor adjustment means. .

Thereafter, the control device 30 stands by for a predetermined time (S22). This predetermined time can be set as appropriate, such as 1 minute. Then, the measurement result from the various measuring means installed in the distribution line is acquired, and a power factor (angle) and reactive power are calculated | required by calculation (S23). For the calculation of the power factor (corner) and reactive power, the above method can be adopted. If the reactive power measurement value obtained as a result is out of the predetermined range, it is determined whether or not the distribution transformer at the control start point (Tr _n ) is located at the terminal on the power supply side of the distribution line (n = 1). (S25) If n = 1, the delay control MAX is determined as the maximum control amount, 1 is set to the flag P1 (S27), and the phase adjustment control is terminated. Further, when the distribution transformer is not located at the end of the distribution line and n = 1 is not established, the distribution transformer is moved to the distribution transformer adjacent to the power supply side of the distribution line, and the control command is sent to the load side through this. A signal is transmitted (S26, S21). In this control pattern, the standby for the predetermined time, the reactive power measurement, and the determination on the measurement result are sequentially repeated for the distribution transformer arranged on the power supply side along the distribution line, and the reactive power measurement value is a predetermined dead band. When it falls within the range, the delay phase control ends. And the distribution transformer in this last is decided as a control end point. If the reactive power measurement value becomes a delay power factor by executing the delay control at the control end point, and becomes an over-control state, the “high power factor return control (4)” is performed according to the transition order of the control pattern. "(Described later), the over-control state can be resolved. Further, when it is determined that it is possible, the power factor adjusting means of some large-capacity low-pressure load devices at the control end point may be switched to the high power factor state. When this control end point moves to the next control pattern, it is determined as the control start point.

2. High power factor return control (2)
In the case of the high power factor return control (2), as shown in FIG. 9, the control device first determines the control start point (Tr _n ) (S30), and then the distribution transformer at the control start point Tr _n . In response to this, a high power factor return control command signal is issued (S31). For transmission / reception of this signal, communication means such as power line carrier communication can be used as in the case of the delay control (1). On the load side of the distribution transformer that has received this control command signal, among the large-capacity low-voltage load devices, those having an inverter device are equivalent to the reactive power set in advance by the power factor adjusting means shown in FIG. Those having a high power factor control operation and not having an inverter device are controlled so as to disconnect the advance capacitor in the power factor adjusting means shown in FIG. Further, the low-capacity load equipment having a small capacity having a communication function is controlled so as to receive the control command signal and disconnect the advance capacitor as in the case of the low-voltage load equipment not having the inverter device. Then, as in the case of the delay control (1), after a predetermined time has elapsed (S32), reactive power is measured (S33), and it is determined whether or not the reactive power measurement result is within a predetermined range ( S34). If it is out of the predetermined range, it is determined whether or not the distribution transformer is located at the most load side end of the distribution line (n = N) (S35). Then, the high power factor return control MAX is determined, the flag P2 is set to 1 (S37), and the phase control is terminated. Moreover, when it is not n = N, it transfers to the distribution transformer adjacent to the load side of the said distribution line, and transmits a control command signal to the load side via this (S36, S31). As in the case of the delay control (1), standby for a predetermined time, reactive power measurement, and determination on the measurement result are sequentially repeated for the distribution transformer arranged on the load side along the distribution line, and the reactive power measurement value is The phase adjustment control ends when it falls within a predetermined dead zone. The last distribution transformer is determined as the control end point.

3. Advance control (3)
In the advance control (3) pattern, as shown in FIG. 10, after the control device 30 determines the control start point (Tr _n ) (S40), the distribution transformer at the control start point (Tr _n ) A control command signal is issued (S41). On the load side of the distribution transformer that has received this control command signal, among the large-capacity low-voltage load devices, those having an inverter device share the reactive power set in advance by the power factor adjusting means 35 shown in FIG. In the power factor adjusting means 45 shown in FIG. 5 (a), the high power factor capacitor 47 is controlled so as to be disconnected. Further, when the power factor adjusting means 45 and the communication function are provided in a low-capacity low-voltage load device, the control is similarly performed so as to disconnect the high power factor capacitor 47 in response to the input of the control command signal. In addition, this control command signal is used to visually or audibly notify the power consumer who owns the low-voltage load equipment to disconnect the power factor improvement capacitor of the low-capacity low-voltage load equipment. It may be. In this case, the power consumer who has received such a request improves the power factor of the power factor adjusting means with respect to all or part of the small-capacity low-voltage load equipment that is owned by the power consumer and that has the power factor adjusting means. Manually disconnect the capacitor. Further, in this advance control (3), if a fixed low-voltage load device that includes an advance capacitor and shows an advance power factor is in operation, it contributes to power factor improvement and reduction of delayed reactive power. .

Thereafter, the control device measures reactive power (S43) after a predetermined time has elapsed (S42). For the calculation of the power factor (corner) and reactive power, the same method as described above can be adopted. If the reactive power measurement value obtained as a result is out of the predetermined range, it is determined whether or not the distribution transformer at the control start point (Tr _n ) is located at the terminal on the power supply side of the distribution line (n = 1). (S45) When n = 1, the delay control MAX is determined as the maximum control amount, 1 is set to the flag P1 (S27), and the phase adjustment control is terminated. Further, when the distribution transformer is not located at the end of the distribution line and n = 1 is not established, the distribution transformer is moved to the distribution transformer adjacent to the power supply side of the distribution line, and the control command is sent to the load side through this. A signal is transmitted (S26, S21). In this control pattern, the standby for the predetermined time, the reactive power measurement, and the determination on the measurement result are sequentially repeated for the distribution transformer arranged on the power supply side along the distribution line, and the reactive power measurement value is a predetermined dead band. When it falls within the range, the delay phase control ends. And the distribution transformer in this last is decided as a control end point. If the reactive power measurement value becomes a delay power factor by executing the delay control at the control end point, and becomes an over-control state, the “high power factor return control (2)” is performed according to the transition order of the control pattern. "(Described later), the over-control state can be resolved. Further, when it is determined that it is possible, the power factor adjusting means of some large-capacity low-pressure load devices at the control end point may be switched to the high power factor state. When this control end point moves to the next control pattern, it is determined as the control start point.

(4) High power factor return control (4)
In the high power factor return control (4), as shown in FIG. 9, the control device first determines the control start point (Tr _n ) (S50), and then applies it to the distribution transformer at the control start point Tr _n. On the other hand, a high power factor return control command signal is issued (S51). As in the case of each control pattern, communication means such as power line carrier communication can be used for the transmission / reception of this signal. On the load side of the distribution transformer that has received this control command signal, among the large-capacity low-voltage load devices, those having an inverter device are, for example, the reactive power set in advance by the power factor adjusting means shown in FIG. Only the high power factor control operation is performed, and those having no inverter device are controlled so as to disconnect the advance capacitor in the power factor adjusting means shown in FIG. Also, a small-capacity low-voltage load device having a communication function is controlled so as to disconnect the advance capacitor in response to the input of the control command signal, as in the case of the low-voltage load device not having the inverter device. . Then, as in the case of the delay control (1), after a predetermined time has elapsed (S32), reactive power is measured (S33), and it is determined whether or not the reactive power measurement result is within a predetermined range ( S34). When it is out of the predetermined range, it is determined whether or not the distribution transformer is located at the most load end of the distribution line (n = N) (S55). Then, the high power factor return control MAX is determined, the flag P2 is set to 1 (S57), and the phase control is terminated. Moreover, when it is not n = N, it transfers to the distribution transformer adjacent to the load side of the said distribution line, and transmits a control command signal to the load side via this (S56, S51). As in the case of the high power factor return control (2), standby for a predetermined time, reactive power measurement, and determination of the measurement result are directed along the distribution line from the control start point to the load side, and distribution transformation on the distribution line is performed. When the reactive power measurement value falls within a predetermined dead band, the phase adjustment control ends. The last distribution transformer is determined as the control end point.

Next, the advance control or delay control will be described in detail with reference to FIG. In this figure, for convenience of explanation, symbols including serial numbers from the power supply side to the end are attached to the distribution transformers arranged on the distribution lines, such as Tr1, Tr2, Tr3,..., Tr _{m + 5} Displayed (see FIG. 10). When the measured reactive power exceeds a predetermined range in the phase advance direction, the control command signal of the delay control (1) pattern is issued to the terminal distribution transformer Tr _{m + 5} which is the control start point, and the delay control is started. Is done. When the reactive power is measured after a predetermined time has elapsed from the transmission of the control command signal and the result is not within the predetermined range, the delay control is performed on the distribution transformer Tr _{m + 4} adjacent to the power supply side along the distribution line. (1) A command signal is issued. In this way, the phase adjustment control sequentially shifts to the power supply side on the distribution line, and when the reactive power measurement value falls within a predetermined range, the control ends. The distribution transformer at the end of the control becomes the control end point. Here, it is assumed that the control end point is Tr _m (see FIG. 12A).

When the reactive power measurements in a delay control (1) exceeds a predetermined range in the slow direction, high power factor return control (4) command signal with respect to a distribution transformer Tr _m as the control start point It is emitted and high power factor control is started. When the reactive power is measured after a lapse of a predetermined time from the transmission of the control command signal and the result is not within the predetermined range, the distribution transformer Tr _{m + 1} that is adjacent to the terminal side along the distribution line is now measured. A high power factor control command signal is issued. In this way, the control is sequentially shifted in the terminal direction, and when the reactive power measurement value falls within a predetermined range, the control ends. The distribution transformer (control end point) at the end of this control is assumed to be Tr _{m + 5} (see FIG. 12B).

Next, when the measured value of reactive power exceeds a predetermined range in the slow direction, advance control (3) is issued to the distribution transformer Tr _{m + 5 serving as} a control start point, and advance control is started. Is done. If the reactive power is measured after a lapse of a predetermined time from the transmission of the control command signal and the result does not fall within the predetermined range, this time the distribution transformer Tr _{m + 4} adjacent to the power supply side along the distribution line. Advance control (3) command signal is issued. In this way, the control is sequentially shifted toward the power source side, and the control is terminated when the reactive power measurement value falls within a predetermined range. The distribution transformer (control end point) at the end of this control is assumed to be Tr _m-1 (see FIG. 12C).

When the reactive power measurement value exceeds the predetermined range in the slow phase direction during the advance control (3), the high power factor return control (2) command is given to the distribution transformer Tr _m-1 that is the control start point. A signal is issued and high power factor control is started. The measured reactive power from the control command signal is initiated after a predetermined time has passed, if the result is not within a predetermined range, in turn along a distribution line against distribution transformer Tr _m adjacent to the distal A high power factor control command signal is issued. In this way, the control is sequentially shifted toward the end on the load side, and when the reactive power measurement value falls within a predetermined range, the control ends. The distribution transformer (control end point) at the end of this control is, for example, Tr _{m + 5} (see FIG. 12 (d). Thus, in the case of delay control (1), along the distribution line, the power supply side In contrast, in the case of the high power factor return control (4), the control command signal is sequentially issued to the distribution transformer toward the end on the load side. Similarly, in the case of the advance control (3), control command signals are issued to the distribution transformer in order toward the power supply side, whereas in the case of the high power factor return control (2), the terminal on the load side. A control command signal will be issued to the distribution transformer in order.

  FIG.13 (b) has shown an example of the reactive power adjustment at the time of utilizing the distribution line reactive power adjustment system of this invention. In response to the reactive power demand as shown in FIG. 13 (a), in the distribution line reactive power adjustment system of the present invention, delay control is performed from 10:00 to 18:00 and from 12:00 to 1pm. Further, the advance control is performed between 10:00 am and 12:00 am, and between 1 pm and 4 pm, and the phase adjustment control is not performed or the high power factor control state is shown in other time zones. As described above, according to the present invention, the reactive power in the distribution line can be reduced, the receiving end voltage in the power consumer can be improved, and the power loss in the distribution line can be reduced.

  FIG. 14 is a diagram showing another example of reactive power adjustment of the distribution line reactive power adjustment system of the present invention. FIG. 14A is a simplified illustration of a reactive power demand curve of a general distribution line. (B) further shows an example of a control pattern in which phase adjustment control for a fixed type or manual switching type small-capacity low-voltage load device is shown separately from automatic phase adjustment control according to a control command signal. In this figure, the hatched portions 65a and 66a indicate the reactive power adjustment by the low voltage load of the fixed type and the manual switching type (indicated as “authorized invalid part (fixed part)” in the figure). As described above, the manual switching type low-voltage load device performs power factor adjustment by manually operating the power factor adjusting means on the electric power consumer side in response to a notice or request from a general electric utility. is there. As shown in FIG. 14, it is possible to perform control such that automatic phase control 65 and 66 are added on top of the phase control for a manually switched or fixed low-voltage load device.

As described above, by using the reactive power adjustment system and reactive power adjustment method of the distribution line according to the present invention, the power factor of the distribution line can be maintained high at low cost, easily and effectively, and the reactive power can be reduced. be able to. Moreover, the line loss of the distribution line can be reduced, and since the absorption rate of the harmonics is high, the burning accident caused by the harmonics can be reduced, which can contribute to the reduction of CO ₂ . Furthermore, in the present invention, since the control command signal can be transmitted from the control device to the large-capacity low-voltage load device by a conventionally known power line carrier communication or the like, the communication cost can be suppressed at a low cost. In addition, especially for power distribution lines capable of power line communication, the system of the present invention can be added to the existing power distribution line easily and inexpensively by adding a power factor adjustment means and a control device for low-voltage load equipment. can do.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Distribution line reactive power adjustment system 10 Bus 11 Distribution line 12 Circuit breaker 13, 16 Instrument transformer (measuring means)
14 Current transformer (measuring means)
13a, 14a, 16a Signal line 15, 17, 19, 21, 23, 25 Distribution transformer 30 Control device 31, 34 Control signal line 32 Power line carrier relay device 33 Power line carrier device (master station)
35 Inverter device 35a AC / DC converter unit 35b DC / DC converter unit 39 Motor circuit 41 Power factor adjusting circuit 45, 49 Power factor adjusting means 46 Advance capacitor 47, 50 Power factor improving capacitors L1-L6 Low voltage load (equipment)
L7 to L9 Inductive reactance of low-pressure load equipment

Claims (6)

Measuring means installed at a predetermined position of the distribution line in order to obtain reactive power and power factor;
A control device that issues a control command signal when the reactive power periodically obtained based on the measurement result of the measuring means is out of a predetermined range, and the power distribution device via each distribution transformer disposed on the distribution line Power factor adjusting means provided respectively in all or part of a plurality of low-voltage load devices connected to the end of the load-side low-voltage distribution line;
Communication means that enables transmission and reception of signals between the measurement means and the control device, and between each power factor adjustment means and the control device,
Along with the distribution line, the phase adjustment control performed by the operation of each power factor adjusting unit that receives the control command signal for each distribution transformer consumes and reduces the reactive power of the distribution line. A reactive power adjustment system for distribution lines, which is implemented sequentially.   2. The distribution line according to claim 1, wherein each of the low-voltage load devices is configured to perform different phase adjustment control according to an operation pattern thereof or according to an operation pattern and a capacity of each of the low-voltage load devices. Reactive power regulation system.   3. The distribution line according to claim 1, wherein the phase adjustment control is sequentially performed in a reverse direction along the distribution line in a case where it is advance control and a case where it is delay control. Reactive power regulation system.   Power factor adjustment means is provided in some or all of the multiple low-voltage load devices connected to individual distribution transformers arranged on the distribution line, and the power factor and reactive power of the distribution line are regularly monitored. And, when detecting a leading or lagging reactive power exceeding a predetermined range, phase distribution control for operating the power factor adjusting means to consume and reduce the reactive power of the distribution line for each of the distribution transformers. A reactive power adjustment method for a distribution line, which is performed sequentially along a track.   5. The distribution line according to claim 4, wherein each of the low-voltage load devices is configured to perform different phase control depending on the operation pattern or depending on the operation pattern and the capacity of each low-voltage load device. Reactive power adjustment method.   6. The distribution line according to claim 4, wherein the phase adjustment control is sequentially performed in a reverse direction along the distribution line, depending on whether the phase control is advance control or delay control. 7. Reactive power adjustment method.

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