JP2012102666A - Internal combustion engine with variable compression ratio mechanism - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To prevent torque shock at an engine acceleration more sufficiently, in an internal combustion engine with a variable compression ratio mechanism.SOLUTION: While an engine is accelerated, in the internal combustion engine, a mechanical compression ratio E is gradually decreased by the variable compression ratio mechanism so that an actual compression ratio is maintained at a constant value with respect to an increase of an intake amount. At the later stage of the engine acceleration (t2-t5), the mechanical compression ratio E is increased by the variable compression ratio mechanism, causing the actual compression ratio to be increased higher than the constant value and ignition timing IT to be retarded (IT2). Immediately before the later stage of the engine acceleration (t1-t2), the mechanical compression ratio E is decreased by the variable compression ratio mechanism, causing the actual compression ratio to be decreased lower than the constant value and ignition timing IT to be advanced (IT1).

Description

  The present invention relates to an internal combustion engine including a variable compression ratio mechanism.

  An internal combustion engine having a variable compression ratio mechanism that moves a cylinder block relative to a crankcase is known. In an internal combustion engine equipped with such a variable compression ratio mechanism, when the engine is accelerated, the mechanical compression ratio is increased by the variable compression ratio mechanism to increase the actual compression ratio, thereby making it possible to significantly retard the ignition timing. It has been proposed to suppress torque shock by greatly reducing torque (see Patent Document 1).

JP 2010-101197 A JP-A-10-089214

  According to the internal combustion engine described above, it is possible to suppress the torque shock satisfactorily by greatly reducing the generated torque during engine acceleration. However, there remains room for better suppression of torque shock during engine acceleration.

  Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to make it possible to more favorably suppress torque shock during engine acceleration in an internal combustion engine having a variable compression ratio mechanism.

  An internal combustion engine comprising the variable compression ratio mechanism according to the first aspect of the present invention has a mechanical compression ratio by a variable compression ratio mechanism so that the actual compression ratio is maintained at a constant value with respect to an increase in intake air amount during engine acceleration. In the internal combustion engine in which the engine speed is gradually lowered, the mechanical compression ratio is increased by the variable compression ratio mechanism in the latter half of the engine acceleration so that the actual compression ratio becomes higher than the predetermined value and the ignition timing is retarded, immediately before the latter half of the engine acceleration. Is characterized in that the mechanical compression ratio is lowered by the variable compression ratio mechanism so that the actual compression ratio is lower than the predetermined value and the ignition timing is advanced.

  According to the internal combustion engine having the variable compression ratio mechanism according to the first aspect of the present invention, the variable compression ratio mechanism is used to maintain the actual compression ratio at a constant value with respect to an increase in the intake air amount during engine acceleration. In internal combustion engines that gradually reduce the compression ratio, the ignition timing can be retarded significantly by increasing the mechanical compression ratio and increasing the actual compression ratio from a certain value by a variable compression ratio mechanism in the late stage of engine acceleration. The generated torque can be greatly reduced. Further, immediately before the late stage of engine acceleration, the variable compression ratio mechanism lowers the mechanical compression ratio and lowers the actual compression ratio below a certain value, so that the ignition timing can be advanced without causing knocking. Since the generated torque can be increased immediately before the engine acceleration, the generated torque can be relatively greatly reduced in the latter half of the engine acceleration, and the torque shock during engine acceleration can be suppressed well.

1 is an overall view of an internal combustion engine. It is a disassembled perspective view of a variable compression ratio mechanism. 1 is a schematic side sectional view of an internal combustion engine. It is a figure which shows a variable valve timing mechanism. It is a figure which shows the lift amount of an intake valve and an exhaust valve. It is a figure for demonstrating a mechanical compression ratio, an actual compression ratio, and an expansion ratio. It is a figure which shows the relationship between theoretical thermal efficiency and an expansion ratio. It is a figure for demonstrating a normal cycle and a super-high expansion ratio cycle. It is a figure which shows changes, such as a mechanical compression ratio according to an engine load. It is a time chart which shows control of the ignition timing at the time of acceleration, a mechanical compression ratio, and generated torque.

  FIG. 1 is a side sectional view of an internal combustion engine having a variable compression ratio mechanism according to the present invention. Referring to FIG. 1, 1 is a crankcase, 2 is a cylinder block, 3 is a cylinder head, 4 is a piston, 5 is a combustion chamber, 6 is a spark plug disposed at the center of the top surface of the combustion chamber 5, and 7 is intake air. 8 is an intake port, 9 is an exhaust valve, and 10 is an exhaust port. The intake port 8 is connected to a surge tank 12 via an intake branch pipe 11, and a fuel injection valve 13 for injecting fuel into the corresponding intake port 8 is arranged in each intake branch pipe 11. The fuel injection valve 13 may be arranged in each combustion chamber 5 instead of being attached to each intake branch pipe 11.

  The surge tank 12 is connected to an air cleaner 15 via an intake duct 14, and a throttle valve 17 driven by an actuator 16 and an intake air amount detector 18 using, for example, heat rays are arranged in the intake duct 14. On the other hand, the exhaust port 10 is connected to a catalyst device 20 containing, for example, a three-way catalyst via an exhaust manifold 19, and an air-fuel ratio sensor 21 is disposed in the exhaust manifold 19.

  On the other hand, in the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, the piston 4 is positioned at the compression top dead center by changing the relative position of the crankcase 1 and the cylinder block 2 in the cylinder axial direction at the connecting portion between the crankcase 1 and the cylinder block 2. There is provided a variable compression ratio mechanism A capable of changing the volume of the combustion chamber 5 at the time, and further an actual compression action start timing changing mechanism B capable of changing the actual start time of the compression action. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, the actual compression action start timing changing mechanism B is composed of a variable valve timing mechanism capable of controlling the closing timing of the intake valve 7.

  As shown in FIG. 1, a relative position sensor 22 for detecting a relative positional relationship between the crankcase 1 and the cylinder block 2 is attached to the crankcase 1 and the cylinder block 2. An output signal indicating a change in the interval between the crankcase 1 and the cylinder block 2 is output. The variable valve timing mechanism B is provided with a valve timing sensor 23 for generating an output signal indicating the closing timing of the intake valve 7, and an output signal indicating the throttle valve opening is provided to the actuator 16 for driving the throttle valve. A throttle opening sensor 24 is attached.

  The electronic control unit 30 is composed of a digital computer, and is connected to each other by a bidirectional bus 31. A ROM (read only memory) 32, a RAM (random access memory) 33, a CPU (microprocessor) 34, an input port 35 and an output port 36. It comprises. Output signals of the intake air amount detector 18, the air-fuel ratio sensor 21, the relative position sensor 22, the valve timing sensor 23, and the throttle opening sensor 24 are input to the input port 35 via the corresponding AD converters 37. A load sensor 41 that generates an output voltage proportional to the depression amount L of the accelerator pedal 40 is connected to the accelerator pedal 40, and the output voltage of the load sensor 41 is input to the input port 35 via the corresponding AD converter 37. Is done. Further, a crank angle sensor 42 that generates an output pulse every time the crankshaft rotates, for example, 30 ° is connected to the input port 35. On the other hand, the output port 36 is connected to the spark plug 6, the fuel injection valve 13, the throttle valve driving actuator 16, the variable compression ratio mechanism A, and the variable valve timing mechanism B through corresponding drive circuits 38.

  2 is an exploded perspective view of the variable compression ratio mechanism A shown in FIG. 1, and FIG. 3 is a side sectional view of the internal combustion engine schematically shown. Referring to FIG. 2, a plurality of protrusions 50 spaced from each other are formed below both side walls of the cylinder block 2, and cam insertion holes 51 each having a circular cross section are formed in each protrusion 50. Has been. On the other hand, a plurality of protrusions 52 are formed on the upper wall surface of the crankcase 1 so as to be fitted between the corresponding protrusions 50 spaced apart from each other. Cam insertion holes 53 each having a circular cross section are formed.

  As shown in FIG. 2, a pair of camshafts 54 and 55 are provided, and on each camshaft 54 and 55, a circular cam 58 is rotatably inserted into each cam insertion hole 53. It is fixed. These circular cams 58 are coaxial with the rotational axes of the camshafts 54 and 55. On the other hand, on both sides of each circular cam 58, as shown in FIG. 3, an eccentric shaft 57 eccentrically arranged with respect to the rotation axis of each camshaft 54, 55 extends. 56 is mounted eccentrically and rotatable. As shown in FIG. 2, these circular cams 56 are arranged on both sides of each circular cam 58, and these circular cams 56 are rotatably inserted into the corresponding cam insertion holes 51. As shown in FIG. 2, a cam rotation angle sensor 25 that generates an output signal representing the rotation angle of the camshaft 55 is attached to the camshaft 55.

  When the circular cams 58 fixed on the camshafts 54 and 55 are rotated in opposite directions as indicated by arrows in FIG. 3A from the state shown in FIG. 3A, the eccentric shafts 57 are separated from each other. In order to move in the direction, the circular cam 56 rotates in the opposite direction to the circular cam 58 in the cam insertion hole 51, and as shown in FIG. 3B, the position of the eccentric shaft 57 is changed from the high position to the intermediate height position. It becomes. Next, when the circular cam 58 is further rotated in the direction indicated by the arrow, the eccentric shaft 57 is at the lowest position as shown in FIG.

  3A, 3B, and 3C show the positional relationship among the center a of the circular cam 58, the center b of the eccentric shaft 57, and the center c of the circular cam 56 in each state. It is shown.

  3A to 3C, the relative positions of the crankcase 1 and the cylinder block 2 are determined by the distance between the center a of the circular cam 58 and the center c of the circular cam 56. As the distance between the center a of 58 and the center c of the circular cam 56 increases, the cylinder block 2 moves away from the crankcase 1. That is, the variable compression ratio mechanism A changes the relative position between the crankcase 1 and the cylinder block 2 by a crank mechanism using a rotating cam. When the cylinder block 2 moves away from the crankcase 1, the volume of the combustion chamber 5 increases when the piston 4 is positioned at the compression top dead center. Therefore, by rotating the camshafts 54 and 55, the piston 4 is compressed at the top dead center. The volume of the combustion chamber 5 when it is located at can be changed.

  As shown in FIG. 2, in order to rotate the camshafts 54 and 55 in opposite directions, a pair of worms 61 and 62 having opposite spiral directions are attached to the rotation shaft of the drive motor 59, respectively. Worm wheels 63 and 64 that mesh with the worms 61 and 62 are fixed to the ends of the camshafts 54 and 55, respectively. In this embodiment, by driving the drive motor 59, the volume of the combustion chamber 5 when the piston 4 is located at the compression top dead center can be changed over a wide range.

  On the other hand, FIG. 4 shows the variable valve timing mechanism B attached to the end of the camshaft 70 for driving the intake valve 7 in FIG. Referring to FIG. 4, the variable valve timing mechanism B includes a timing pulley 71 that is rotated in the direction of an arrow by a crankshaft of an engine via a timing belt, a cylindrical housing 72 that rotates together with the timing pulley 71, an intake valve A rotating shaft 73 that rotates together with the driving camshaft 70 and is rotatable relative to the cylindrical housing 72, and a plurality of partition walls 74 that extend from the inner peripheral surface of the cylindrical housing 72 to the outer peripheral surface of the rotating shaft 73. And a vane 75 extending from the outer peripheral surface of the rotating shaft 73 to the inner peripheral surface of the cylindrical housing 72 between the partition walls 74, and an advance hydraulic chamber 76 on each side of each vane 75. A retarding hydraulic chamber 77 is formed.

  The hydraulic oil supply control to the hydraulic chambers 76 and 77 is performed by a hydraulic oil supply control valve 78. The hydraulic oil supply control valve 78 includes hydraulic ports 79 and 80 connected to the hydraulic chambers 76 and 77, a hydraulic oil supply port 82 discharged from the hydraulic pump 81, a pair of drain ports 83 and 84, And a spool valve 85 for controlling communication between the ports 79, 80, 82, 83, and 84.

  When the cam phase of the intake valve driving camshaft 70 should be advanced, the spool valve 85 is moved to the right in FIG. 4 and the hydraulic oil supplied from the supply port 82 is advanced via the hydraulic port 79. The hydraulic oil in the retard hydraulic chamber 77 is discharged from the drain port 84 while being supplied to the hydraulic chamber 76. At this time, the rotary shaft 73 is rotated relative to the cylindrical housing 72 in the direction of the arrow.

  On the other hand, when the cam phase of the intake valve driving camshaft 70 should be retarded, the spool valve 85 is moved to the left in FIG. 4, and the hydraulic oil supplied from the supply port 82 causes the hydraulic port 80 to move. The hydraulic oil in the advance hydraulic chamber 76 is discharged from the drain port 83 while being supplied to the retard hydraulic chamber 77. At this time, the rotating shaft 73 is rotated relative to the cylindrical housing 72 in the direction opposite to the arrow.

  If the spool valve 85 is returned to the neutral position shown in FIG. 4 while the rotation shaft 73 is rotated relative to the cylindrical housing 72, the relative rotation operation of the rotation shaft 73 is stopped, and the rotation shaft 73 is The relative rotation position at that time is held. Therefore, the variable valve timing mechanism B can advance and retard the cam phase of the intake valve driving camshaft 70 by a desired amount.

  In FIG. 5, the solid line shows the time when the cam phase of the intake valve driving camshaft 70 is advanced the most by the variable valve timing mechanism B, and the broken line shows the cam phase of the intake valve driving camshaft 70 being the most advanced. It shows when it is retarded. Therefore, the valve opening period of the intake valve 7 can be arbitrarily set between the range indicated by the solid line and the range indicated by the broken line in FIG. 5, and therefore the closing timing of the intake valve 7 is also the range indicated by the arrow C in FIG. Any crank angle can be set.

  The variable valve timing mechanism B shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 4 shows an example. For example, the variable valve timing that can change only the closing timing of the intake valve while keeping the opening timing of the intake valve constant. Various types of variable valve timing mechanisms, such as mechanisms, can be used.

  Next, the meanings of terms used in the present application will be described with reference to FIG. 6 (A), (B), and (C) show an engine having a combustion chamber volume of 50 ml and a piston stroke volume of 500 ml for the sake of explanation. , (B), (C), the combustion chamber volume represents the volume of the combustion chamber when the piston is located at the compression top dead center.

  FIG. 6A explains the mechanical compression ratio. The mechanical compression ratio is a value mechanically determined only from the stroke volume of the piston and the combustion chamber volume during the compression stroke, and this mechanical compression ratio is expressed by (combustion chamber volume + stroke volume) / combustion chamber volume. In the example shown in FIG. 6A, this mechanical compression ratio is (50 ml + 500 ml) / 50 ml = 11.

  FIG. 6B describes the actual compression ratio. This actual compression ratio is a value determined from the actual piston stroke volume and the combustion chamber volume from when the compression action is actually started until the piston reaches top dead center, and this actual compression ratio is (combustion chamber volume + actual (Stroke volume) / combustion chamber volume. That is, as shown in FIG. 6B, even if the piston starts to rise in the compression stroke, the compression operation is not performed while the intake valve is open, and the actual compression is performed from the time when the intake valve is closed. The action begins. Therefore, the actual compression ratio is expressed as described above using the actual stroke volume. In the example shown in FIG. 6B, the actual compression ratio is (50 ml + 450 ml) / 50 ml = 10.

  FIG. 6C illustrates the expansion ratio. The expansion ratio is a value determined from the stroke volume of the piston and the combustion chamber volume during the expansion stroke, and this expansion ratio is expressed by (combustion chamber volume + stroke volume) / combustion chamber volume. In the example shown in FIG. 6C, this expansion ratio is (50 ml + 500 ml) / 50 ml = 11.

  Next, the super expansion ratio cycle used in the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. FIG. 7 shows the relationship between the theoretical thermal efficiency and the expansion ratio, and FIG. 8 shows a comparison between a normal cycle and an ultrahigh expansion ratio cycle that are selectively used according to the load in the present invention.

  FIG. 8A shows a normal cycle when the intake valve closes near the bottom dead center and the compression action by the piston is started from the vicinity of the intake bottom dead center. In the example shown in FIG. 8A as well, the combustion chamber volume is set to 50 ml, and the stroke volume of the piston is set to 500 ml, similarly to the example shown in FIGS. 6A, 6B, and 6C. As can be seen from FIG. 8A, in a normal cycle, the mechanical compression ratio is (50 ml + 500 ml) / 50 ml = 11, the actual compression ratio is almost 11, and the expansion ratio is also (50 ml + 500 ml) / 50 ml = 11. That is, in a normal internal combustion engine, the mechanical compression ratio, the actual compression ratio, and the expansion ratio are substantially equal.

  The solid line in FIG. 7 shows the change in the theoretical thermal efficiency when the actual compression ratio and the expansion ratio are substantially equal, that is, in a normal cycle. In this case, it can be seen that the theoretical thermal efficiency increases as the expansion ratio increases, that is, as the actual compression ratio increases. Therefore, in order to increase the theoretical thermal efficiency in a normal cycle, it is only necessary to increase the actual compression ratio. However, the actual compression ratio can only be increased to a maximum of about 12 due to the restriction of the occurrence of knocking at the time of engine high load operation, and thus the theoretical thermal efficiency cannot be sufficiently increased in a normal cycle.

  On the other hand, under such circumstances, it is considered to increase the theoretical thermal efficiency while strictly dividing the mechanical compression ratio and the actual compression ratio. As a result, the theoretical thermal efficiency is governed by the expansion ratio, and the actual compression ratio is compared to the theoretical thermal efficiency. Was found to have little effect. That is, if the actual compression ratio is increased, the explosive force is increased, but a large amount of energy is required for compression. Thus, even if the actual compression ratio is increased, the theoretical thermal efficiency is hardly increased.

  On the other hand, when the expansion ratio is increased, the period during which the pressing force acts on the piston during the expansion stroke becomes longer, and thus the period during which the piston applies the rotational force to the crankshaft becomes longer. Therefore, the larger the expansion ratio, the higher the theoretical thermal efficiency. The broken line ε = 10 in FIG. 7 indicates the theoretical thermal efficiency when the expansion ratio is increased with the actual compression ratio fixed at 10. Thus, the theoretical thermal efficiency when the expansion ratio is increased while the actual compression ratio ε is maintained at a low value, and the theoretical thermal efficiency when the actual compression ratio is increased with the expansion ratio as shown by the solid line in FIG. It can be seen that there is no significant difference from the amount of increase.

  Thus, if the actual compression ratio is maintained at a low value, knocking does not occur. Therefore, if the expansion ratio is increased while the actual compression ratio is maintained at a low value, the theoretical thermal efficiency is reduced while preventing the occurrence of knocking. Can be greatly increased. FIG. 8B shows an example where the variable compression ratio mechanism A and variable valve timing mechanism B are used to increase the expansion ratio while maintaining the actual compression ratio at a low value.

  Referring to FIG. 8B, in this example, the variable compression ratio mechanism A reduces the combustion chamber volume from 50 ml to 20 ml. On the other hand, the variable valve timing mechanism B delays the closing timing of the intake valve until the actual piston stroke volume is reduced from 500 ml to 200 ml. As a result, in this example, the actual compression ratio is (20 ml + 200 ml) / 20 ml = 11, and the expansion ratio is (20 ml + 500 ml) / 20 ml = 26. In the normal cycle shown in FIG. 8A, the actual compression ratio is almost 11 and the expansion ratio is 11, as described above. Compared with this case, only the expansion ratio is shown in FIG. 8B. It can be seen that it has been increased to 26. This is why it is called an ultra-high expansion ratio cycle.

  Generally speaking, in an internal combustion engine, the lower the engine load, the worse the thermal efficiency. Therefore, in order to improve the thermal efficiency during engine operation, that is, to improve fuel efficiency, it is necessary to improve the thermal efficiency when the engine load is low. Necessary. On the other hand, in the ultra-high expansion ratio cycle shown in FIG. 8B, since the actual piston stroke volume during the compression stroke is reduced, the amount of intake air that can be sucked into the combustion chamber 5 is reduced. The expansion ratio cycle can only be adopted when the engine load is relatively low. Therefore, in the present invention, when the engine load is relatively low, the super high expansion ratio cycle shown in FIG. 8B is used, and during the high engine load operation, the normal cycle shown in FIG. 8A is used.

Next, the overall operation control will be schematically described with reference to FIG. FIG. 9 shows changes in the intake air amount, the intake valve closing timing, the mechanical compression ratio, the expansion ratio, the actual compression ratio, and the opening degree of the throttle valve 17 according to the engine load at a certain engine speed. . 9 shows that the average air-fuel ratio in the combustion chamber 5 is the output signal of the air-fuel ratio sensor 21 so that unburned HC, CO and NO _x in the exhaust gas can be simultaneously reduced by the three-way catalyst in the catalyst device 20. This shows a case where feedback control is performed to the stoichiometric air-fuel ratio based on the above.

  As described above, the normal cycle shown in FIG. 8 (A) is executed during engine high load operation. Accordingly, as shown in FIG. 9, the expansion ratio is low because the mechanical compression ratio is lowered at this time, and the valve closing timing of the intake valve 7 is advanced as shown by the solid line in FIG. ing. At this time, the amount of intake air is large, and at this time, the opening degree of the throttle valve 17 is kept fully open, so that the pumping loss is zero.

  On the other hand, as shown by the solid line in FIG. 9, when the engine load becomes low, the closing timing of the intake valve 7 is delayed in order to reduce the intake air amount. Further, at this time, as shown in FIG. 9, the mechanical compression ratio is increased as the engine load is lowered so that the actual compression ratio is kept substantially constant. Therefore, the expansion ratio is also increased as the engine load is lowered. At this time, the throttle valve 17 is kept fully open, and therefore the amount of intake air supplied into the combustion chamber 5 is controlled by changing the closing timing of the intake valve 7 regardless of the throttle valve 17. Has been.

  As described above, when the engine load is reduced from the engine high load operation state, the mechanical compression ratio is increased as the intake air amount is decreased while the actual compression ratio is substantially constant. That is, the volume of the combustion chamber 5 when the piston 4 reaches the compression top dead center is decreased in proportion to the decrease in the intake air amount. Therefore, the volume of the combustion chamber 5 when the piston 4 reaches the compression top dead center changes in proportion to the intake air amount. At this time, in the example shown in FIG. 9, the air-fuel ratio in the combustion chamber 5 is the stoichiometric air-fuel ratio, so the volume of the combustion chamber 5 when the piston 4 reaches the compression top dead center is proportional to the fuel amount. Will change.

  When the engine load is further reduced, the mechanical compression ratio is further increased. When the engine load is reduced to the low load L1, the mechanical compression ratio reaches a limit mechanical compression ratio (upper limit mechanical compression ratio) that is a structural limit of the combustion chamber 5. When the mechanical compression ratio reaches the limit mechanical compression ratio, the mechanical compression ratio is held at the limit mechanical compression ratio in a region where the load is lower than the engine load L1 when the mechanical compression ratio reaches the limit mechanical compression ratio. Therefore, at the time of engine low load operation with a lower load than the load L1, that is, on the engine low load operation side, the mechanical compression ratio is maximum and the expansion ratio is also maximum. In other words, the mechanical compression ratio is maximized so that the maximum expansion ratio is obtained on the engine low load operation side.

  On the other hand, in the embodiment shown in FIG. 9, when the engine load decreases to L1, the closing timing of the intake valve 7 becomes the limit closing timing that can control the amount of intake air supplied into the combustion chamber 5. When the closing timing of the intake valve 7 reaches the limit closing timing, the closing timing of the intake valve 7 is reduced in a region where the load is lower than the engine load L1 when the closing timing of the intake valve 7 reaches the closing timing. It is held at the limit closing timing.

  When the closing timing of the intake valve 7 is held at the limit closing timing, the amount of intake air can no longer be controlled by changing the closing timing of the intake valve 7. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 9, at this time, that is, in a region where the load is lower than the engine load L1 when the valve closing timing of the intake valve 7 reaches the limit valve closing timing, the intake valve 7 is supplied into the combustion chamber 5 by the throttle valve 17. The amount of intake air to be controlled is controlled, and the opening degree of the throttle valve 17 is made smaller as the engine load becomes lower.

  On the other hand, as shown by the broken line in FIG. 9, the intake air amount can be controlled without depending on the throttle valve 17 by advancing the closing timing of the intake valve 7 as the engine load becomes lower. Accordingly, when expressing the case shown in FIG. 9 so as to include both the case indicated by the solid line and the case indicated by the broken line, in the embodiment according to the present invention, the valve closing timing of the intake valve 7 becomes smaller as the engine load becomes lower. It is moved in a direction away from the intake bottom dead center BDC until the limit valve closing timing L1 at which the intake air amount supplied into the combustion chamber can be controlled. Thus, the intake air amount can be controlled by changing the closing timing of the intake valve 7 as shown by the solid line in FIG. 9 or by changing it as shown by the broken line.

  As described above, the expansion ratio is 26 in the ultra-high expansion ratio cycle shown in FIG. The higher the expansion ratio, the better. However, as can be seen from FIG. 7, a considerably high theoretical thermal efficiency can be obtained if it is 20 or more with respect to the practically usable lower limit actual compression ratio ε = 5. Therefore, in this embodiment, the variable compression ratio mechanism A is formed so that the expansion ratio is 20 or more.

  Incidentally, it is desired to satisfactorily suppress torque shock during engine acceleration. FIG. 10 is a time chart showing the control of the internal combustion engine according to the present invention for that purpose. FIG. 10 shows the case of engine acceleration from the low load L1 to the high load L2 shown in FIG. If the required load changes suddenly from L1 to L2 at time t0 and no special control is performed, the closing timing of the intake valve is gradually advanced and the intake amount gradually increases. The mechanical compression ratio E is gradually lowered as shown by the dotted line, and the actual compression ratio is maintained at a substantially constant value (hereinafter referred to as a specific actual compression ratio) as the intake air amount increases. The second intake amount of L2 is generated, and the generated torque T is also the second generated torque T2 of the high load L2. However, this causes a large torque shock.

  In this embodiment, the variable compression ratio mechanism A is operated at the highest speed so as to lower the mechanical compression ratio E from time t0, and the second mechanical compression ratio E1 of the low load L1 and the second high load L2 of the mechanical compression ratio E. The operation of the variable compression ratio mechanism A is stopped at time t1 when the third mechanical compression ratio E3 is lower than the intermediate value with respect to the mechanical compression ratio E2, and the third mechanical compression ratio E3 is maintained until time t2. Here, since the value of the high load L2 is detected before the time t1, the second mechanical compression ratio E2 can be set before the time t1.

  The time when the compression ratio variable mechanism A is operated at the highest speed so as to increase the mechanical compression ratio E from time t2, and the mechanical compression ratio E becomes the first mechanical compression ratio E1 (for example, the limit mechanical compression ratio) of the low load L1. The operation of the variable compression ratio mechanism A is stopped at t3, and the first mechanical compression ratio E1 is maintained until time t4 (time when the intake air amount becomes the second intake air amount of the high load L2). The variable compression ratio mechanism A is operated at the highest speed so as to lower the mechanical compression ratio E from time t4, and at time t5 when the engine compression ratio E becomes the second mechanical compression ratio E2 of the high load L2, the variable compression ratio mechanism A Stop operation.

  Here, the time t2 is a time when the intake air amount is approximately an intermediate value between the first intake air amount of the low load L1 and the second intake air amount of the high load L2, and the mechanical compression ratio E is low at the time t2. Since the third mechanical compression ratio E3 is lower than the intermediate value between the first mechanical compression ratio E1 of L1 and the second mechanical compression ratio E2 of the high load L2, the actual compression ratio is lower than the above-described specific actual compression ratio. Become.

  Thus, between the time t0 and the time t2, the mechanical compression ratio is set lower than the mechanical compression ratio in which the actual compression ratio is the specific actual compression ratio with respect to the increase in the intake air amount, and the actual compression ratio is the specific actual compression ratio. Controlled to be lower than the ratio. Thereby, for example, when the ignition timing IT is set to the specific ignition timing IT0 regardless of the low load L1 and the high load L2, the ignition timing is set between the time t1 (may be immediately before or after t1) and the time t2. The generated torque is increased by advancing from the specific ignition timing IT0 to the first ignition timing IT1.

  From the time t1 to the time t2 is a middle load region, and in addition to the fact that knocking hardly occurs inherently, as described above, since the actual compression ratio is lowered, the ignition timing is advanced during this time. No knocking will occur.

  The ignition timing IT is retarded from time t2. Preferably, when the actual compression ratio reaches the specific actual compression ratio, the ignition timing IT is retarded to the specific ignition timing IT0. Is set higher than the specific actual compression ratio, so that it is retarded from the specific ignition timing IT0, and is significantly retarded to the second ignition timing IT2 at time t3 when the mechanical compression ratio E is set to the first mechanical compression ratio E1. The second ignition timing IT2 is maintained until time t4 when the intake air amount becomes the second intake air amount of the high load L2, and then the mechanical compression ratio E is gradually lowered and the actual compression ratio is also gradually lowered. The ignition timing IT is also gradually advanced, and at time t5 when the actual compression ratio becomes the specific actual compression ratio, the ignition timing IT is also returned to the specific ignition timing IT0.

  In this way, by increasing the mechanical compression ratio by the variable compression ratio mechanism A in the latter half of the engine acceleration after the time t2 so that the actual compression ratio is higher than the specific actual compression ratio, the ignition timing is significantly delayed without causing misfire or the like. An angle is made possible and the generated torque can be greatly reduced. Further, immediately before the late stage of engine acceleration between time t1 and time t2, the mechanical compression ratio is lowered by the variable compression ratio mechanism A so that the actual compression ratio is lower than the specific actual compression ratio, so that knocking does not occur. Since the ignition timing can be advanced and the generated torque can be increased immediately before the latter half of the engine acceleration, the generated torque can be reduced relatively greatly in the latter half of the engine acceleration. Shock can be suppressed well.

1 Crankcase 2 Cylinder block 3 Cylinder head 30 Electronic control unit A Variable compression ratio mechanism

Claims (1)

  In an internal combustion engine in which the mechanical compression ratio is gradually lowered by a variable compression ratio mechanism so that the actual compression ratio is maintained at a constant value with respect to an increase in intake air amount during engine acceleration, the variable compression ratio mechanism is The mechanical compression ratio is increased to make the actual compression ratio higher than the predetermined value and the ignition timing is retarded. Immediately before the late stage of the engine acceleration, the mechanical compression ratio is lowered by the variable compression ratio mechanism to reduce the actual compression ratio. An internal combustion engine comprising a variable compression ratio mechanism, wherein the ignition timing is advanced while being lower than the predetermined value.

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