JP2012093995A - Nc control method of machine tool for mounting rotary surface plate to quill - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To perform tapered hole machining or curved surface hole machining on a workpiece only by mounting a rotary surface plate to a quill even in a machine tool of a simple structure where a Z-axis feeding mechanism for feeding the quill and a W-axis feeding mechanism for feeding a main shaft are singly assembled with a main shaft head.SOLUTION: A moving amount of a Z axis feeding a quill is defined as (z) and a moving amount of a W axis radially feeding a slider by moving a boring shaft is defined as (w). When analyzing a block containing a command code of axial move inside a numerical control device by inputting a work program describing the command code of axial move in hole machining using a rotary surface plate to the numerical control device, the block is analyzed by converting the moving amount of the Z axis into z=z and converting the moving amount of the W axis into w=(z+w), actual moving amount command values of the Z axis and the W axis are arithmetically operated, respectively, on the basis of the Z-axis moving amount (z) and the W-axis moving amount (z+w) after the conversion, and commands of the moving amounts are outputted to a Z-axis servo control section and a W-axis servo control section, respectively.

Description

  The present invention relates to an NC control method and apparatus for a machine tool in which a rotating face plate is mounted on a quill, and more particularly to an NC control method for machining a tapered hole or the like while feeding a slider of the rotating face plate in a radial direction.

  For example, when performing a taper hole machining or a curved hole machining with a horizontal boring machine, an attachment called a rotary face plate is attached to the quill. This is because in the taper hole machining, the tool must be sent in the radial direction because the diameter of the hole changes.

  This type of rotating face plate is provided with a slider that slides in the radial direction of the main shaft, and the cutting tool is attached to this slider. A mechanism for transmitting power for moving the slider in the radial direction is incorporated in the rotary face plate. As a conventional rotating face plate, for example, there is one described in Patent Document 1.

  In a machine tool such as a horizontal boring machine in which the main shaft moves in the axial direction in the quill, an axis that feeds the quill in the axial direction (Z-axis) and an axis that sends the main shaft that is the boring shaft in the axial direction (W-axis) ) In relation to the unique structure of the spindle head that has two parallel axes, the horizontal boring of how to give the tool radial movement and axial movement in machining using a rotating face plate There are problems specific to the board.

  FIG. 4 shows a conventional example in which a tapered hole is machined in a workpiece using a table provided with a V-axis feed mechanism for feeding a table in a direction parallel to the Z-axis for feeding a quill.

  In FIG. 4, reference numeral 10 is a column of a horizontal boring machine. Reference numeral 12 denotes a spindle head. The column 10 is movable in the front-rear direction (X axis) perpendicular to the drawing, and the spindle head 12 is attached to the column 10 so as to be movable in the vertical direction (Y axis).

  A quill 14 is provided on the spindle head 12 so as to be movable in the horizontal direction. A milling shaft 16 and a main shaft 18 are incorporated in the quill 14. The Z-axis feed mechanism moves the quill 14 in the axial direction. The Z-axis feed mechanism is composed of a Z-axis feed servo motor 19, a ball screw 20, and a ball nut 21 fixed to the quill 14. The rotation of the Z-axis feed servo motor 19 is transferred to the ball screw 20 by a gear transmission mechanism. The ball nut 21 converts the movement into the axial movement of the quill 14.

  Similarly, the main shaft 18 which is a boring shaft is moved in the axial direction, which is a W-axis feed mechanism. This W-axis feed mechanism is composed of a W-axis feed servomotor 22, a ball screw 23, and a ball nut 25 fixed to a bearing 24 that supports the main shaft 18.

  The rotating face plate 30 is attached to the tip of the quill 14. A slider 32 is attached to the end face of the rotating face plate 30 so as to be movable in the radial direction. A cutting tool 34 is attached to the tip of the slider 32.

  The rotary face plate 30 incorporates a slider feed mechanism that combines a ball screw mechanism and a bevel gear. The linear feed movement of the spindle 18 by the W-axis feed mechanism is changed to a linear feed movement in the radial direction of the slider 32. It is supposed to be converted.

  In FIG. 4, reference numeral 27 is a spindle motor that rotationally drives the spindle 18. The main shaft 18 rotates integrally with the milling shaft 16, and the rotation is transmitted from the milling shaft 16 to the rotating face plate 30.

  In such a horizontal boring machine, when trying to perform the taper hole machining on the workpiece 100, even if the rotating face plate 30 is fed by the Z axis, the W axis cannot be moved by the normal NC control, so the taper hole machining cannot be performed. It was.

This is because there is a reason for the relationship between the quill 14 and the main shaft 18 as follows.
When the machining program is executed with the feed amount of the quill 14 set to z and the feed amount of the spindle 18 set to w, the Z-axis and the W-axis are independent of each other. Therefore, the spindle is moved while the quill 14 is moved by the feed amount z. Position control for moving 18 by the commanded feed amount w is performed. However, even if the quill 14 is moved along the Z-axis, the main shaft 18 does not move together with the quill 14. The relative positional relationship between the quill 14 and the main shaft 18 changes, and even if the main shaft 18 is fed by the feed amount w commanded by the W axis, the slider 32 cannot be moved by that amount.

  For this reason, when rotating face plate processing is performed with a horizontal boring machine as shown in FIG. 4, processing is performed using a table 40 with a V-axis moving function instead of sending the quill 14 with the Z-axis. In this table 40, the V-axis feed servomotor 41 rotates the ball screw 43 that is screwed into the ball nut 42 fixed to the table side, so that the table 40 can be fed in a direction parallel to the Z-axis.

  The quill 14 is fixed at a position necessary for machining, and the slider 32 is fed by the W axis, is commanded by the V axis and is fed by the table 40, and the workpiece 100 is tapered, cylindrical, or curved hole drilled. Processing such as processing.

  On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 5, a horizontal boring machine in which a W-axis feed mechanism is assembled to a ram 46 so that rotary face plate processing such as taper hole processing can be realized without using a table with a V-axis movement function. There is also.

  In the example of FIG. 5, position control for relatively moving the ram 46 and the main shaft 18 is possible. In this case, since the main shaft 18 also moves together with the ram 46, if the main shaft 18 is commanded by the W axis and sent by the feed amount w, the slider 32 can be moved by the feed amount. Unlike the case of FIG. 4, the workpiece W can be machined such as a tapered hole by only the Z-axis feed of the ram 46 and the W-axis feed of the main shaft 18.

  In addition to the W axis, there is also known a conventional technique in which a control axis (U axis) having a feed mechanism dedicated to slider feeding is added inside the rotating face plate, and tapered holes are machined by controlling the Z axis and U axis. It has been.

Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 10-291108

  When processing using a rotating face plate with a conventional horizontal boring machine, as described above, taper hole processing and curved surface hole processing cannot be performed simply by attaching the rotating face plate to the quill. It was necessary to use a complicated table with a moving mechanism, or a complicated machine incorporating a W-axis feed mechanism in the ram.

  SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to solve the above-mentioned problems of the prior art, and a machine tool having a simple structure in which a Z-axis feed mechanism for feeding a quill and a W-axis feed mechanism for feeding a spindle are assembled independently on the spindle head. Even so, simply by attaching a rotating face plate to the quill, a work with a rotating face plate attached to the quill that allows machining such as taper hole machining and curved hole machining to be performed in the manner specified by the conventional machining program. It is to provide a NC control method for a machine.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides:
A quill, a milling shaft rotatably supported in the quill, a boring shaft movable in the axial direction inside the milling shaft, a Z-axis feed mechanism for feeding the quill, and the boring shaft An NC control method in a machine tool provided with a W-axis feed mechanism for feeding, wherein the Z-axis feed mechanism and the W-axis feed mechanism are each independently installed at the spindle head, and a rotary face plate having the slider is mounted on the quill There,
The movement amount of the Z axis for sending the quill is z, the movement amount of the W axis for moving the boring shaft and moving the slider in the radial direction is w, and w is the movement amount of the axis in drilling using the rotating face plate. Enter the machining program including the block describing the code into the numerical controller,
When analyzing the block including the axis movement command code inside the numerical control device, the Z-axis movement amount is converted to z = z and the W-axis movement amount is converted to w = (z + w).
Based on the Z-axis movement amount z and the W-axis movement amount (z + w) after conversion, the actual movement amount command values for the Z-axis and the W-axis are calculated, and the movement amount commands are respectively set to the Z-axis servo control unit, W It outputs to an axis | shaft servo control part.

  According to the present invention, even if a Z-axis feed mechanism for feeding a quill and a W-axis feed mechanism for feeding a spindle are simply assembled on the spindle head, only a rotating face plate is attached to the quill. The workpiece can be subjected to processing such as taper hole processing and curved surface hole processing.

It is a side view which shows the horizontal boring machine with which this invention is applied. It is a figure which shows the drive system and control system of the boring machine. It is a flowchart which shows the procedure which analyzes and performs the process of the block of the machining program in a numerical controller. It is a side view which shows the conventional machine tool to which a rotating face plate is attached. It is sectional drawing which shows the ram of the conventional machine tool to which a rotating face plate is attached.

Hereinafter, an embodiment of an NC control method for a machine tool in which a rotating face plate according to the present invention is mounted on a quill will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
FIG. 1 shows the overall configuration of a horizontal boring machine to which the NC control method according to the present invention is applied.
In FIG. 1, reference numeral 10 indicates a column of a horizontal boring machine. Reference numeral 12 is the spindle head. The column 10 is movable in the front-rear direction (X axis) perpendicular to the drawing, and the spindle head 12 is attached to the column 10 so as to be movable in the vertical direction (Y axis) along the guide surface.

  A quill 14 is provided on the spindle head 12 so as to be movable in the horizontal direction. A milling shaft 16 and a main shaft 18 that is a boring shaft are incorporated in the quill 14. A feed mechanism that moves the quill 14 in the axial direction is a Z-axis feed mechanism. The Z-axis feed mechanism is composed of a Z-axis feed servo motor 19, a ball screw 20, and a ball nut 21 fixed to the quill 14. The rotation of the Z-axis feed servo motor 19 is decelerated by the gear transmission mechanism 17. The ball screw 20 is transmitted to the ball screw 20 and converted into a linear motion of the quill 14 by the ball nut 21.

  Similarly, the axis that moves the main shaft 18 that is a boring shaft in the axial direction is the W-axis feed mechanism. This W-axis feed mechanism is composed of a W-axis feed servomotor 22, a ball screw 23, and a ball nut 25 fixed to a bearing 24 that supports the main shaft 18. The rotation of the W-axis feed servomotor 22 is decelerated by the gear transmission mechanism 26 and transmitted to the ball screw 23, and is converted into a linear motion in the axial direction of the main shaft 18 by the ball nut 25. As a result, the main shaft 18 can move in the axial direction while sliding on the inner peripheral surface of the milling shaft 16.

  A spindle motor 27 that rotationally drives the spindle 18 is installed on the spindle head 12. When rotation is transmitted from the main shaft motor 27 to the main shaft 18 via the transmission gear mechanism 28, the main shaft 18 rotates integrally with the milling shaft 16. A rotating face plate 30 described below is connected to the tip of the milling shaft 16, and the rotation is transmitted from the milling shaft 16 to the rotating face plate 30.

Therefore, the configuration of the rotating face plate 30 will be described.
The rotating face plate 30 is an attachment attached to the tip of the quill 14. The rotating face plate 30 includes a housing 31 and an end face 33. A slider 32 is attached to the end face 33 so as to be movable in the radial direction of the quill 14. A cutting tool 34 is attached to the tip of the slider 32.

  A slider feed mechanism combining a ball screw mechanism and a bevel gear is incorporated in the housing 31 of the rotating face plate 30 as follows. In this case, a first ball screw 35 extends in the axial direction from the tip of the main shaft 18 which is a boring shaft, and the first ball screw 35 is screwed into a ball nut 37 integral with the bevel gear 36. ing. The bevel gear 36 meshes with a bevel gear 38 whose direction is changed by 90 ° C., and a second ball screw 39 is connected to the bevel gear 38. The second ball screw 39 is screwed into a ball nut 44 fixed to the slider 32. Therefore, the linear feed movement of the main shaft 18 by the W feed mechanism is converted into the linear feed movement in the radial direction of the slider 32 which is equal to the movement amount.

  The workpiece 100 is placed on the table 50. In this embodiment, the position of the table 50 is fixed.

  Next, FIG. 2 shows a control system of the numerical controller together with a drive system that drives the rotating face plate 30.

In FIG. 2, reference numeral 60 indicates a numerical control device, and 62 indicates a machining program.
The numerical control device 60 includes a machining program analysis unit, an execution unit, and the like in order to process the machining program 62. The machining program analysis unit reads the machining program 62 one block at a time, analyzes the code contents of the block, creates data that can be processed by the execution unit, and transfers the data to the analyzed buffer.

    The execution unit calculates the movement amount of each axis per basic sampling time of the CPU from the data extracted from the analyzed buffer, updates the movement target position of each axis from the movement amount of each axis, and stores the data of this movement target position. These are sent to the Z-axis servo control unit 64 and the W-axis servo control unit 66, respectively. The Z-axis servo control unit 64 and the W-axis servo control unit 66 give commands to the motor servo motors 19 and 22 while feeding back the positions from the position detectors attached to the servo motors 19 and 22 of the respective axes, and perform feedback position control. Will do.

In the numerical controller 60, for example, the following G code is set when the tapered hole machining is performed. Note that the G code number is provisionally set for convenience of explanation, and is not limited to this.
G500
This G code is a G code for designating that the calculation mode in the block analysis of the numerical controller 60 is switched from the default standard calculation mode to the calculation mode in drilling using the rotating face plate 30.

G501
This G code is a G code that designates the operation mode in the block analysis of the numerical control device 60 as the original standard operation mode.

The program for moving the axis when carrying out the taper hole machining is composed of the following blocks.

・
G500 (a)
G01Zz Ww Ff (b)
・
・
・
・

  First, in block (a), the calculation mode in block analysis is switched from the standard calculation mode to the calculation mode shown in the flowchart of FIG. The block (b) is an axis movement command, and the Z-axis movement amount z, the W-axis movement amount w, and the feed speed F are designated by f using G01 of linear interpolation.

  Hereinafter, the processing contents when analyzing and executing the blocks of the machining program will be described with reference to FIG.

  First, the numerical controller 60 reads out the machining program stored in the storage device one block at a time (step S10). In the block (a), since switching from the standard calculation mode of G500 to the calculation mode for rotating face plate processing is designated (yes in step S11), the calculation method is switched by executing this block (step S12). .

Next, when the block (b) is read (step S10), the process proceeds to step S13, where the block analysis is started, the Z-axis movement amount z is left as it is, and “z = z” is set, and the W-axis movement amount w Is converted to “w = z + w” (step S14).
Next, data such as the Z-axis movement amount z, the W-axis movement amount (z + w), and the feed speed f calculated as analysis results are transferred to the execution unit via the analyzed buffer (step S15). The execution unit calculates the actual movement amounts of the Z axis and the W axis per basic sampling time of the CPU from the data taken out from the analyzed buffer, and distributes them to the Z axis servo control unit 64 and the W axis servo control unit 66 ( Step S16).

  The Z-axis servo control unit 64 and the W-axis servo control 66 give commands to the servo motors 19, 22,... While feeding back the position from a position detector (not shown) attached to the servo motors 19, 22,.

  As a result, the quill 14 is sent with the movement amount z, and the spindle 18 is sent with the movement amount (z + w). That is, while the quill 14 moves by the movement amount z, the main shaft 18 performs position control for moving not the commanded movement amount w but (z + w) added with the movement amount of the quill 14. In this case, the main shaft 18 can be fed with a relative feed amount with respect to the quill 14 after the quill 14 is made to follow the main shaft 18, so that while the quill 14 is fed in the Z-axis direction and the W-axis Tapered hole machining can be performed on the workpiece 100 while moving the slider 32 in the radial direction by the feed amount w.

  In the above, taper hole processing has been described as an example, but cylindrical hole processing using the rotating face plate 30 and curved surface hole processing can also be performed in the same manner.

In the case of cylindrical hole machining, since it is a special case of w = 0 in taper hole machining,
G01ZZ Ff
You can program as follows.

Also, in the case of curved hole drilling, circular interpolation should be used for circular interpolation of Z and W axes in cylindrical drilling, so G17G02Zz Ww Ff using G code for circular interpolation
You can program as follows.
In the horizontal boring machine as in the present embodiment, various processes are performed even when the rotating face plate 30 is not attached to the quill 14.

  In this case, a G code for switching the calculation mode in the numerical controller 60 to the default standard calculation mode may be set. For example, a G code designating the standard calculation mode may be assigned to G501 and placed in the block before the axis movement command.

  In this standard calculation mode, when the axis movement block is analyzed, the movement amount z of the Z axis is “z = z”, and the movement amount w of the W axis is also “w = w”. Nor.

  As described above, according to the present embodiment, a table with a V-axis feed mechanism is used, a complicated rotating face plate incorporating a U-axis feed mechanism for feeding a slider is used, or a Z-axis ram is used. A simple Z-axis feed mechanism for feeding the quill 14 and a W-axis feed mechanism for feeding the spindle 18 are independently assembled to the spindle head 12 independently without using a complicated machine tool incorporating the W-axis feed mechanism. Even with a horizontal boring machine having a structure, the rotary face plate 30 can be attached to the quill 14 and the workpiece W can be subjected to taper hole processing, cylindrical hole processing, and curved surface hole processing.

  In addition, all the feeds necessary for machining such as tapered holes can be realized by arithmetic processing inside the numerical control device, and the machining program itself is not different from the command method in the conventional machining program. There are also benefits.

  DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 ... Column, 12 ... Spindle head, 14 ... Quill, 16 ... Milling shaft, 18 ... Spindle (boring shaft), 30 ... Rotating face plate, 32 ... Slider, 34 ... Bite, 50 ... Table, 60 ... Numerical control device, 100 ... Workpiece

Claims (4)

A quill, a milling shaft rotatably supported in the quill, a boring shaft movable in the axial direction inside the milling shaft, a Z-axis feed mechanism for feeding the quill, and the boring shaft An NC control method in a machine tool provided with a W-axis feed mechanism for feeding, wherein the Z-axis feed mechanism and the W-axis feed mechanism are each independently installed at the spindle head, and a rotary face plate having the slider is mounted on the quill There,
The movement amount of the Z axis for sending the quill is z, the movement amount of the W axis for moving the boring shaft and moving the slider in the radial direction is w, and w is the movement amount of the axis in drilling using the rotating face plate. Enter the machining program including the block describing the code into the numerical controller,
When analyzing the block including the axis movement command code inside the numerical control device, the Z-axis movement amount is converted to z = z and the W-axis movement amount is converted to w = (z + w).
Based on the Z-axis movement amount z and the W-axis movement amount (z + w) after conversion, the actual movement amount command values for the Z-axis and the W-axis are calculated, and the movement amount commands are respectively set to the Z-axis servo control unit, W An NC control method for a machine tool in which a rotating face plate is mounted on a quill, which is output to an axis servo controller.   It is determined whether the block of the machining program includes a command code for axial movement in drilling using a rotating face plate, and if it is a command code for axial movement other than drilling using a rotating face plate, 2. A machine tool having a rotating face plate mounted on a quill according to claim 1, wherein the block is analyzed in a standard calculation mode in which the amount of movement of the Z axis is z = z and the amount of movement of the W axis is w = w. NC control method.   3. A G code for designating switching to a calculation mode of block analysis in drilling using a rotating face plate and a G code for designating switching to the standard computation mode are set. NC control method for a machine tool in which the rotating face plate is mounted on a quill.   4. The machine tool with the rotating face plate mounted on a quill according to claim 1, wherein the hole processing using the rotating face plate is cylindrical hole processing, tapered hole processing, or curved surface hole processing. NC control method.

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