JP2012092525A - Roof structure of building - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a roof structure which can prevent a roof skeleton layer containing unexpected amounts of water from rapidly discharging the moisture to indoor environment.SOLUTION: A roof part 6 of a building 1 having a ventilation structure 40 for ventilation between indoor environment and outdoor air is provided with a roof skeleton layer 70 which separates the indoor environment of the building 1 from the outdoor air. A surface of the roof skeleton layer 70 adjacent to the outdoor air is covered with a waterproof layer 73. A surface of the roof skeleton layer 70 adjacent to the indoor environment is covered with a moisture permeability adjustment layer 54 which has a moisture permeability resistance larger than that of the roof skeleton layer 70 and adjusts moisture discharging rate from the roof skeleton layer 70 to the indoor environment in accordance with the discharging capability of the ventilation structure 40.

Description

  The present invention relates to a roof structure of a building such as a house.

  Conventionally, in a house or the like, it is formed by a so-called external heat insulation method in which a heat insulating layer is laminated above a roof frame layer that divides the interior and outside air of a building, and a waterproof layer made of a waterproof sheet is laminated above the heat insulating layer. A roof structure has been proposed. The roof structure by this type of external heat insulation method is a structure in which a heat insulating layer is provided on the upper surface of the roof frame layer, which increases the thickness of the roof structure, and accordingly, the living room under the roof structure is large. It may be difficult to secure the ceiling height.

  In order to solve such a problem, as shown in Patent Document 1, a roof structure is formed by attaching a waterproof sheet to the upper surface of a roof frame layer formed of lightweight cellular concrete, and the heat insulating layer has a ceiling portion under the roof structure. It is conceivable to fill with a heat insulating material such as glass wool.

JP 05-163804 A

  By the way, in the roof structure as disclosed in Patent Document 1, it absorbs moisture from the indoor high humidity environment in winter, or it is caused by the unexpected rain in recent years or aging deterioration of the waterproof sheet provided on the outside air side. It is conceivable that the roof panel is placed in an unexpected moisture content over time by absorbing moisture such as rainwater that reaches the outside air surface of the roof frame layer.

  However, in the configuration of Patent Document 1, since the heat insulating material is absent on the outside air side of the roof frame layer, when the roof structure is exposed to intense solar radiation such as summer, the roof frame layer The temperature of the outside air side surface becomes a high temperature of, for example, 80 ° C. or higher. As a result, the roof frame layer releases moisture accumulated inside as a moisture toward the indoor side at a stretch, and the indoor side of the roof frame layer temporarily becomes an environment with extremely high humidity. There is a risk that an internal condensation may occur on the back.

  An object of this invention is to provide the roof structure which can suppress that the water | moisture content contained in a roof frame layer is discharge | released rapidly indoors in view of this point.

  The present invention is a roof structure of a building including a ventilation structure that ventilates between the room and the outside air, and includes a roof frame layer that partitions the room and the outside air of the building, and the outside air side surface of the roof frame layer is waterproof The interior surface of the roof frame layer is covered with a layer, and has a moisture resistance greater than the moisture resistance of the roof frame layer so that the moisture release rate from the roof frame layer to the room can be exhausted by the ventilation structure. It is characterized by being covered with a moisture permeation adjusting layer to be adjusted.

  In the present invention, the indoor side surface of the roof frame layer is covered with the moisture permeability adjusting layer, so that the temperature of the outside air side surface of the roof frame layer suddenly rises due to intense solar radiation in summer, resulting in the roof frame. Even if the moisture release pressure (water vapor pressure) from the layer toward the indoor side is suddenly increased, the moisture release is blocked by the moisture permeation adjusting layer. Accordingly, the moisture in the roof frame layer is not released at a stretch in a short time, but can be released by reducing the release rate to the extent that it can be dehumidified by the ventilation structure of the building. It is possible to suppress the occurrence of internal dew condensation due to. Further, since the indoor side surface of the roof frame layer is covered with a layer having higher moisture permeability resistance than the roof frame layer, at least moisture (humidity) from the indoor side is easily absorbed by the roof frame layer. Can be prevented.

  Furthermore, it is preferable that the roof frame layer is formed of lightweight cellular concrete. Lightweight cellular concrete is a material with high fire resistance, so by adopting lightweight cellular concrete as the roof frame layer, it is possible to improve the fire resistance performance of the building, and further ensure the strength as the roof frame layer be able to.

  Furthermore, it is preferable that the moisture permeability adjusting layer is formed by a coating film that is applied to the indoor side surface of the roof frame layer to form a film. The moisture permeability adjusting layer can be formed uniformly on the indoor side surface of the roof frame layer, and it is possible to prevent unevenness from occurring in the moisture release state from the roof frame layer.

  Furthermore, the paint forming the coating film of the moisture permeability adjusting layer is composed mainly of an aqueous resin composed of at least one of water-soluble, water-dispersed, and emulsion types, and a crosslinking agent. It is preferably composed of one or a mixture of two or more of an acrylic resin and a modified acrylic resin, and the crosslinking agent is preferably composed of one or a mixture of two or more of hydrazide, glycidyl methacrylate, silanol, oxazoline, and metal oxide. . According to this structure, the water | moisture content stored in the roof frame layer can be discharge | released appropriately.

  Further, the roof frame layer can be configured to have a gradient by being laid in an inclined shape. By laying the roof frame layer in an inclined shape, not only can the design of the entire building be improved, but also drainage from the roof of the building during precipitation can be promoted. In addition, in the case of a roof frame layer having a gradient, depending on the installation position, the sun is located in the normal direction of the surface on the outside air side, the roof frame layer is directly facing the sun, receiving excessive direct sunlight, It is also assumed that an excessive water vapor pressure is given to the room by excessive direct sunlight. However, since the moisture permeation adjusting layer is provided in the present invention, excessive moisture release is effectively suppressed even in a roof frame layer having a gradient.

  Furthermore, it is preferable that the roof frame layer having a gradient has an upper end connected to a land roof part forming the upper part of the building and a lower end connected to an outer wall part forming a side part of the building. According to this, the roof frame layer can be provided along the oblique line regulation stipulated in the legal regulations.

  Furthermore, it is preferable that a ventilation portion that communicates the indoor side and the outside air side is provided between the roof frame layer and the flat roof portion. According to this, the air below the roof frame layer can be produced from the ventilation portion. Therefore, even when moisture is released from the roof skeleton layer through the moisture permeability adjusting layer, the moisture is quickly discharged from the ventilation portion, and the occurrence of internal condensation due to the moisture remaining below the roof skeleton layer is remarkably generated. It can be suppressed.

  ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, it can suppress that the water | moisture content contained in a roof frame layer is discharge | released rapidly toward a room | chamber interior.

It is a perspective view of the building concerning the embodiment of the present invention. It is sectional drawing which shows the 1st floor part of the building which concerns on this embodiment. It is sectional drawing which shows the 2nd floor part of the building which concerns on this embodiment. It is sectional drawing along the IV-IV line of FIG. It is sectional drawing which expands and shows the connection part of an inclined roof part and a flat roof part. It is sectional drawing which expands and shows the connection part of an inclined roof part and an outer wall.

Preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.
(Overall structure of the building)

  As shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, the building 1 according to the present embodiment is a three-story residential building, and includes a structural housing 2 (see FIG. 3) including beams 3 </ b> A and 3 </ b> B and a pillar 4. The floors 5A, 5B, 5C, which are supported by these beams 3A, 3B, pillars 4 and the like to form the floor of each floor, and the roofs, which are supported by the beams 3A, 3B, pillars 4 and the like, form the roof of the building 1 A portion 6 and an outer wall 8 that is supported by the beams 3A and 3B, the pillar 4 and the like and forms the outer skin of the building 1 are also provided. In addition, in the building 1 according to the present embodiment, there is a place where the small beam 3Z is provided at an appropriate place.

  The structural frame 2 constitutes a so-called ramen structure comprising a plurality of (four in this embodiment) columns 4 rising from the foundation and a plurality of beams 3A and 3B installed between the adjacent columns 4. is doing.

  The pillar 4 according to the present embodiment extends from the lower part of the first floor to the upper part of the third floor of the building 1, and has a beam joint set at a predetermined height to form each floor, and a beam joint from the end. And a general part composed of a long part communicating between the upper and lower beam joints. The general part is formed of a known square steel pipe. Further, the beam joint portion has a height similar to that of the beams 3A and 3B (the height from the lower end to the upper end of the beams 3A and 3B) and is formed in a rectangular tube shape.

  The beams 3 </ b> A and 3 </ b> B are in surface contact with a beam main body formed of H-shaped steel formed by connecting the central portions of a pair of upper and lower flanges with a web, and both ends of the beam main body and the beam joint of the column 4. And an end plate. The beams 3 </ b> A and 3 </ b> B are appropriately bolted with the end plate in surface contact with the beam joint.

  The floor portion 5A on the first floor is formed by laying a plurality of floor panels 5a (see FIG. 2) made of lightweight cellular concrete (ALC) having a predetermined size on a foundation. The floors 5B and 5C on the second floor and the third floor integrate a plurality of floor panels 5a made of lightweight cellular concrete having a predetermined size and the plurality of floor panels 5a structurally. And a plurality of floor panels 5a are appropriately supported by the beams 3A and 3B.

  In the present embodiment, the second floor corresponds to an intermediate floor, and the floor portion 5B (see FIG. 3) on the second floor includes a general floor portion 50 having a floor surface that matches the floor height of the second floor, and a floor surface 51a. (See FIG. 4) includes a lowered floor 51 that is lower than the general floor 50.

  The roof part 6 (refer FIG. 1) is provided with the several roof panel 6a made from the lightweight cellular concrete formed in a predetermined dimension. Moreover, as the roof part 6, two types of modes are provided: a land roof part 61 in which a roof panel 6 a is horizontally laid, and an inclined roof part 62 that connects the land roof part 61 and the outer wall 8 of the building 1. Yes.

  Since the roof portion 6 has an outer surface area that faces the outdoors and is exposed to wind and rain, the outer surface area is provided with a waterproof structure for preventing rainwater and the like from entering the room. For example, a predetermined waterproof structure is formed on the flat roof 61 by laminating a foam base material (heat insulating material), a non-combustible plate, and a waterproof sheet on a roof panel 6a made of lightweight cellular concrete (ALC). In addition, the inclined roof portion 62 has a predetermined waterproof structure formed by laminating a non-combustible plate, a waterproof sheet, and a roof finishing material (tile material) on the roof panel 6a made of lightweight cellular concrete (ALC). Yes.

  The outer wall 8 is generally formed by a plurality of outer wall panels 9A made of lightweight cellular concrete having a predetermined size, and each outer wall panel 9A has a beam 3A at both upper and lower ends by a so-called locking method (also referred to as “locking mechanism”). , 3B or on the beams 3A, 3B and the foundation. Further, a heat insulating material is provided inside the outer wall panel 9A, and an interior base for supporting the interior material is provided inside the heat insulating material.

  The main heat insulating material according to the present embodiment is a heat insulating board formed in a flat plate shape using a plastic heat insulating material having airtightness such as phenol foam. This type of heat insulating material is divided into a plurality of blocks according to the size of the part to be installed, and each block is laid at a predetermined position inside the outer wall panel 9A, and the seam is covered with an airtight tape or the like. Yes. As the heat insulating material, fiber heat insulating materials such as rock wool and glass wool are also used as appropriate.

  The interior base is formed in a wooden frame shape formed by assembling a plurality of horizontal rails between a pair of vertical rails, and is fixed to the floor panel 5a and the beams 3A and 3B via support fixing members. It is supposed to be. The interior material is formed of a flat plaster board or the like, and is formed by fastening the gypsum board to the interior base.

  The overall configuration of the building 1 according to the present embodiment is as described above. Next, an example of the floor plan of the building 1 according to the present embodiment will be briefly described.

  In the building 1 according to this embodiment, a garage (cavity) G is formed in the front part (portion facing the street) of the first floor. In addition, a region behind (behind) the garage G is covered with an outer wall 8, and an indoor region (indoor region) inside the outer wall 8 is provided with respective living rooms. When the garage G is viewed from the front of the building 1, the indoor area on the right side protrudes toward the front side, and the entrance R1 is provided in this protruding area.

  On the second floor, a living room R8 is provided at a front portion substantially above the garage G on the first floor, and a kitchen R10 is provided behind the living room R8. The living room R8 is configured as a lowered floor 51.

Further, a veranda V is disposed facing the kitchen R10, and a high wall portion 10 having a height (height) higher than that of a normal handrail is provided at the tip of the veranda V. The high wall portion 10 is formed by an outer wall panel 9A, and the height of the high wall portion 10 is about several tens of centimeters lower than the height of the second floor. As a result, the kitchen R10 can secure lighting while the line of sight from the adjacent building is blocked by the high wall portion 10.
(Building roof)

  Next, the roof part which concerns on embodiment of this invention is demonstrated in detail with reference to FIGS. As described above, the roof portion (roof structure) 6 includes the land roof portion 61 formed by horizontally laying the roof panel 6a, and the inclined roof portion 62 that connects the land roof portion 61 and the outer wall 8 of the building 1. Yes.

  The flat roof portion 61 includes a plurality of roof panels 6a made of ALC, and each end portion of the roof panel 6a abuts against a beam 3C (hereinafter referred to as an “outer peripheral beam” for convenience) constituting the structural frame 2. Is fixed.

  As shown in FIG. 5, a heat insulating layer 21 made of a foam base material is laid on the entire surface of the roof panel 6 a of the land roof portion 61. A parapet portion 30 is provided at the periphery of the flat roof portion 61, and a downward slope for drainage is formed in the vicinity of the parapet portion 30 of the heat insulating layer 21. A non-combustible plate (protective plate) 22 is screwed to a region having a substantially horizontal upper surface of the heat insulating layer 21, and further covers the entire surface of the heat insulating layer 21 having a downward slope and the non-combustible plate 22. Thus, a waterproof layer 23 made of a vinyl chloride sheet is installed. The end portion of the waterproof layer 23 is housed in the parapet portion 30.

  A long metal (hereinafter referred to as a parapet member) 32 having a substantially U-shaped cross-section rising to accommodate the end of the waterproof layer 23 is bolted to the upper flange 3a of the outer peripheral beam 3C. A cap member 33 is fixed to the top end portion of the parapet member 32, and the parapet member 30 is formed by the parapet member 32 and the cap member 33. A mortar 47 is filled between the parapet member 32 and the roof panel 6 a of the land roof portion 61.

  A beam (hereinafter referred to as an “inclined beam” for convenience) 3D is connected to the outer circumferential beam 3C so as to have a predetermined gradient. An end plate 3d is fixed to the upper end of the inclined beam 3D, and the inclined beam 3D is fixed to the outer peripheral beam 3C via the end plate 3d. An interior finishing material 20 is installed on the indoor side (downward) of the outer peripheral beam 3C and the inclined beam 3D (see FIG. 4).

  The inclined roof portion 62 includes a roof frame layer 70 formed in a state where a plurality of roof panels 6a are laid out with a predetermined gradient. The roof frame layer 70 is arranged along the inclined beam 3D on the outside air (outdoor) side of the inclined beam 3D, and a field plate 75 is installed on the outside air (upper surface) side of the roof frame layer 70. A roofing material is installed on the upper surface of 75 to form an inner waterproof part 71. Further, on the upper surface side of the inner waterproof part 71, an outer waterproof part 72 is formed by laying and arranging tile materials (roof finishing materials) 72 a so as to partially overlap, and the outer waterproof part 72 and the inner waterproof part 71. Thus, a waterproof layer 73 is formed.

  A moisture permeability adjusting layer 54 is provided on the indoor (lower surface) side surface of the roof frame layer 70. The moisture permeability adjusting layer 54 is formed by a coating film formed by applying a predetermined paint. The moisture permeability adjusting layer 54 has a moisture permeability resistance larger than the moisture permeability resistance of the roof frame layer 70, and adjusts the moisture release rate from the roof frame layer 70 to the room so that it can be discharged by the ventilation structure 40. . As a coating method for forming the moisture permeation adjusting layer 54, a brush coating method, a spray method, a roll coater method, or the like can be adopted.

  The paint forming the moisture permeability adjusting layer 54 is composed mainly of an aqueous resin composed of at least one of water-soluble, water-dispersed, and emulsion types and a crosslinking agent. The aqueous resin is composed of one or a mixture of two or more of acrylic resin and modified acrylic resin, and the crosslinking agent is one or two of hydrazide, glycidyl methacrylate, silanol, oxazoline, and metal oxide. It consists of a mixture of seeds and more. By forming the moisture permeation adjusting layer 54 with this paint, the water stored in the roof frame layer 70 can be properly released.

  Here, the ventilation structure 40 according to the present embodiment will be described in detail. A ventilation gap is formed between the roof frame layer 70 of the inclined roof portion 62 and the roof panel 6a of the land roof portion 61, and the moisture permeable sheet 43 is installed so that the upper surface covers the gap. . The moisture permeable sheet 43 is fixed to the back surface of the upper end of the field plate 75 and the parapet member 32.

  On the indoor side of the roof frame layer 70, a gap (ventilation path) R for ventilation is formed between the plate member (see FIG. 4) 20 and the ventilation path R includes an inclined roof portion 62 and a land roof portion. The moisture permeable sheet 43 is communicated with the sheet 61. The moisture permeable sheet 43 is a sheet that does not allow water to pass but allows gas such as water vapor to pass through. The indoor side and the outside air side communicate with each other through the moisture permeable sheet 43, and moisture is released.

  The ventilation portion 44 is formed by the moisture permeable sheet 43, the base plate 75 that supports the moisture permeable sheet 43, and the parapet member 32. The ventilation structure 40 according to the present embodiment is formed by the ventilation part 44 and each member forming the ventilation path R.

  Above the moisture permeable sheet 43, a lid 46 for preventing rainwater from entering is provided so as to cover the moisture permeable sheet 43. The lid 46 is fixed to the parapet member 32 and the ventilation member 45 provided at the upper end of the waterproof layer 73 across the moisture permeable sheet 43.

  As shown in FIG. 6, the lower end of the roof panel 6 a forming the inclined roof portion 62 is supported by a beam 3 </ b> A (hereinafter referred to as “outer wall beam” for convenience) constituting the structural frame 2. A base member 81 that contacts the lower end of the roof panel 6a is bolted to the upper flange 3g of the outer wall beam 3A, and a panel support member 82 is fixed to the base member 81. The outer wall beam 3 </ b> A supports the roof frame layer 70 that forms the inclined roof portion 62. Further, a cover member 84 is fastened to the base member 81 along the lower edge of the waterproof layer 73, and a collar 85 is installed on the cover member 84.

  An outer wall panel support member 63 having a substantially L-shaped cross section is bolted to the lower flange 3h of the outer wall beam 3A, and the outer wall panel 9A is erected below the outer wall beam 3A. It is supported by the outer wall beam 3 </ b> A in a form that constitutes a locking mechanism via 63.

  As described above, the inclined roof portion 62 according to the present embodiment has a configuration in which the roof frame layer 70 partitions the room and outside air of the building 1 and the indoor surface of the roof frame layer 70 is covered with the moisture permeation adjusting layer 54. Yes. Therefore, when moisture is contained inside the roof frame layer 70, for example, the temperature of the outside air side surface of the roof frame layer 70 suddenly rises due to intense solar radiation in summer, and the roof frame layer is caused by this. Even if the moisture release pressure (water vapor pressure) from 70 to the indoor side suddenly increases, the moisture release is blocked by the moisture permeation adjusting layer 54.

  Therefore, the moisture in the roof frame layer 70 is not released at a stretch in a short time, but can be released by reducing the release rate to such an extent that it can be dehumidified by the ventilation structure 40 of the building 1. Thereby, generation | occurrence | production of the internal dew condensation resulting from the water | moisture content in the roof frame layer 70 can be suppressed. Moreover, since the indoor side surface of the roof housing layer 70 is covered with the moisture permeation adjusting layer 54 having a greater moisture resistance than the roof housing layer 70, at least moisture (humidity) from the indoor side is applied to the roof housing layer 70. It is possible to prevent absorption easily.

  Moreover, in this embodiment, ALC (lightweight cellular concrete) is employ | adopted as the roof panel 6a which comprises the roof frame layer 70. FIG. Since ALC is a material having high fire resistance, the fire resistance performance of the building 1 can be improved, and the strength as the roof frame layer 70 can be secured.

  Further, the roof frame layer 70 is inclined and has a slope, so that not only can the design of the entire building be improved, but also the drainage from the roof of the building during precipitation is promoted. Will be able to. In the case of the roof frame layer 70 having a gradient, the sun is positioned in the normal direction of the outside air surface depending on the installation position, and the roof frame layer 70 faces the sun excessively and receives direct sunlight. It is also assumed that excessive water vapor pressure toward the room is given by the excessive direct sunlight. However, since the moisture permeability adjusting layer 54 is provided in the roof frame layer 70 according to the present embodiment, excessive moisture release is effectively suppressed even in the roof frame layer 70 having a gradient.

  Further, the roof frame layer 70 having a gradient has an upper end connected to a flat roof 61 that forms the upper part of the building, and a lower end connected to an outer wall (outer wall) 8 that forms the side of the building 1. Yes. Therefore, the roof frame layer 70 can be provided in accordance with the oblique line regulation stipulated in the legal regulations.

  Furthermore, in this embodiment, since the ventilation part 44 is provided between the roof frame layer 70 and the land roof part 61, the air below the roof frame layer 70 can be produced from the ventilation part 44. As a result, even when moisture is released from the roof casing layer 70 through the moisture permeability adjusting layer 54, the moisture is quickly discharged from the ventilation portion 44, and the moisture stays below the roof casing layer 70. The occurrence of internal condensation can be remarkably suppressed.

  As mentioned above, although this invention was demonstrated based on embodiment, this invention is not limited only to said embodiment. For example, in the above embodiment, the waterproof layer covering the outside air surface of the roof skeleton layer is exemplified by a mode made of a roofing material and a tile material. However, as the waterproof layer, for example, installed on the outside air surface of the roof skeleton layer The aspect which consists of a waterproof sheet installed so that the incombustible plate made and the noncombustible plate may be covered may be sufficient. Moreover, the moisture permeation adjusting layer is not provided only on the indoor side surface of the roof frame layer, but may be provided on both the indoor side and the outdoor side. By providing the moisture permeability adjusting layer also on the outdoor side, it is possible to suppress the ingress of moisture into the roof frame layer together with the waterproof layer.

  DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Building, 6 ... Roof part (roof structure), 8 ... Outer wall (outer wall part), 40 ... Ventilation structure, 44 ... Ventilation part, 70 ... Roof frame layer, 73 ... Waterproof layer, 54 ... Moisture permeability adjustment layer, 61 ... the flat roof.

Claims (7)

A roof structure of a building having a ventilation structure that ventilates between the room and the outside air,
Comprising a roof frame layer that partitions the interior and outside air of the building,
The outside air side surface of the roof frame layer is covered with a waterproof layer,
The indoor side surface of the roof frame layer has a moisture permeability resistance larger than that of the roof frame layer, and the moisture release rate from the roof frame layer to the room is adjusted to such an extent that it can be discharged by the ventilation structure. A roof structure characterized by being covered with a moisture permeability adjusting layer.   The roof structure according to claim 1, wherein the roof frame layer is formed of lightweight cellular concrete.   The roof structure according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the moisture permeation adjusting layer is formed by a coating film formed by being applied to the indoor side surface of the roof frame layer. The paint that forms the coating film of the moisture permeability adjusting layer is composed mainly of an aqueous resin composed of at least one of water-soluble, water-dispersed, and emulsion types, and a crosslinking agent.
The aqueous resin is composed of one or a mixture of acrylic resin and modified acrylic resin,
The roof structure according to claim 3, wherein the cross-linking agent comprises one or a mixture of two or more of hydrazide, glycidyl methacrylate, silanol, oxazoline, and metal oxide.   The roof structure according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the roof frame layer is inclined and has a slope.   The roof frame layer having a gradient is characterized in that an upper end portion is connected to a land roof portion forming an upper portion of the building and a lower end portion is connected to an outer wall portion forming a side portion of the building. The roof structure according to claim 5.   The roof structure according to claim 6, wherein a ventilation portion is provided between the roof frame layer and the flat roof portion so as to communicate the indoor side and the outside air side.

Images