JP2012083614A - Capsule toner and production method of the same - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a production method of a capsule toner, by which a capsule toner having a release agent layer and a resin coating layer successively formed on the surface of a toner base particle in which bleed out of the release agent is prevented and aggregation does not occur, can be produced with superior productivity, and to provide a toner obtained by the method, and a two-component developer containing the toner and a carrier.SOLUTION: The production method of a capsule toner comprises steps of: forming release agent-coated toner particles having a release agent layer comprising release agent particles on the surface of the toner base particle; forming composite toner particles comprising the release agent-coated toner particles and resin fine particles adhering to the surfaces of the toner particles; and forming a capsule toner comprising the release agent-coated toner particles the surface of which are coated with resin fine particles, by subjecting the composite toner particles to a stirring treatment while spraying a volatile liquid to the surfaces of the composite toner particles under the condition of a temperature equal to or lower than the glass transition temperature of the binder resin in the toner base particles and equal to or lower than the on-set temperature of the release agent particles.

Description

  The present invention relates to a method for producing a capsule toner, a toner obtained thereby, and a two-component developer including the toner and a carrier.

  An image forming apparatus that forms an image using an electrophotographic method usually irradiates a photosensitive member, a charging unit that charges the surface of the photosensitive member, and signal light corresponding to image information to the charged photosensitive member surface. An exposure unit that forms an electrostatic latent image, a developing unit that supplies toner in the developer to the electrostatic latent image formed on the surface of the photoreceptor to form a toner image, and a toner image that is formed on the surface of the photoreceptor Transfer means for transferring the toner image onto the recording medium, fixing means for fixing the transferred toner image on the recording medium to form an image, and toner remaining on the surface of the photoreceptor after the toner image transfer is scraped off with a cleaning blade. Cleaning means for cleaning the surface of the photoreceptor.

  In such an image forming apparatus, a one-component developer containing toner or a two-component developer containing toner and a carrier is used as a developer for developing an electrostatic latent image and forming an image. The toner used here is usually fine resin particles which are granulated by dispersing a colorant, a wax as a release agent, etc. in a polyester binder resin as a matrix.

  As a method for producing toner, a kneading and pulverizing method has been widely used. However, the pulverized toner has an irregular shape with many irregularities on the surface, and the crushed surface after pulverization becomes the surface of the toner particles as it is, so that the surface composition tends to be non-uniform and the surface state of the toner particles is uniform. It is difficult to control. If the surface of the toner particles is indefinite, the toner fluidity is reduced, and the toner composition is non-uniform, causing problems such as fogging and toner scattering.

  In view of the above-mentioned problems, various wet methods for producing a toner by mixing and aggregating a dispersion of toner raw materials have been proposed as a method for producing a toner in place of the kneading and pulverizing method. However, in the wet method, since many dispersion stabilizers and flocculants are used, some of those components remain on the surface or inside of the toner particles, leading to a decrease in moisture resistance and a deterioration in charging characteristics. There is a problem that it tends to become extremely unstable.

On the other hand, with the recent trend toward higher image quality in image forming apparatuses, the toner has become smaller in particle size (fine powder), and the content of the small particle size toner in the two-component developer tends to increase.
The small particle size toner contained in the two-component developer is susceptible to cracking and shape change due to stress in the developing device, which causes toner spent on the carrier and associated charging deterioration of the developer, and development and transfer processes. This is a factor influencing image quality and causing image quality degradation.

  Therefore, as a toner having good fluidity, transferability, etc., uniform charging performance, excellent anti-offset property, and various other functions, a capsule toner in which the surface of toner base particles is coated with a resin layer is used. Proposed.

  However, the capsule toner coated with the resin layer generally uses resin fine particles having higher heat resistance than the toner base particles in order to improve blocking resistance. There is a problem that an offset tends to occur. In addition, the resin coating layer hinders the release of the release agent from the inside of the toner base particles, and high temperature offset is likely to occur, so that there is a problem that a sufficient fixable temperature range (non-offset temperature range) cannot be obtained. is there.

Therefore, in order to achieve both low-temperature fixability, high-temperature offset property, and storage stability, a coagulation toner is proposed in which a release agent layer is formed on the surface of the toner base particles and a resin coating layer is further provided on the outer surface. Has been.
In Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2006-39515 (Patent Document 1), a release agent dispersed with a nonionic surfactant is fused to the surface of agglomerated particles (core) composed of first resin fine particles and colorant particles. A coagulation method capsule toner is described in which a release agent adhesion layer is formed, and second resin fine particles are fused to the surface to form a resin coating layer.

JP 2006-39515 A

  However, since the toner described in Patent Document 1 is subjected to heat treatment in the production process, the release agent fused to the core surface tends to bleed out when the resin coating layer is formed. There was a problem that toner particles aggregated. Therefore, in order to prevent bleed-out of the release agent, if the heating temperature at the time of forming the resin coating layer is lowered, the fusion of the resin fine particles forming the resin coating layer becomes incomplete, and the strong resin coating layer Will not be formed.

  The present invention provides a capsule toner in which a release agent layer and a resin coating layer are sequentially formed on the surface of a toner base particle, which prevents bleeding of the release agent and does not agglomerate, and can be produced with excellent productivity. It is an object of the present invention to provide a toner production method, a toner obtained thereby, and a two-component developer containing the toner and a carrier.

  As a result of intensive studies to solve the above problems, the present inventors have formed a resin coating layer on the surface of the toner base particles coated with the release agent layer without performing heat treatment. Specifically, the resin fine particles are attached to the surface of the toner base particles on which the release agent layer is formed, and an impact force is applied by a stirring process while spraying a volatile liquid to the toner base particles. The present inventors have found that a capsule toner that prevents bleeding out and has no aggregation can be produced with excellent productivity, and has completed the present invention.

Thus, according to the present invention,
The toner base particles containing at least a binder resin, a colorant, and a charge control agent are mixed with release agent particles to obtain a release agent mixture in which both are uniformly dispersed, and then the release agent mixture is subjected to stirring treatment. Applying impact force to form release agent-coated toner particles in which the surface of the toner base particles is coated with a release agent layer composed of the release agent particles;
The release agent-coated toner particles and the resin fine particles are mixed to obtain a resin fine particle mixture in which both are uniformly dispersed, and then the resin fine particle mixture is subjected to an agitation treatment to apply an impact force, thereby applying the release agent coating. Forming composite toner particles having the resin fine particles attached to the surfaces of the toner particles;
The composite toner particles are sprayed with a volatile liquid on the surface of the composite toner particles under a temperature condition not higher than the glass transition temperature of the binder resin in the toner base particles and not higher than the onset temperature of the release agent particles. Is provided with a stirring process to form a capsule toner in which the surface of the release agent-coated toner particles is coated with a resin layer composed of the resin fine particles. .

In addition, according to the present invention, there is provided a capsule toner obtained by the above-described capsule toner manufacturing method.
Furthermore, according to the present invention, there is provided a two-component developer comprising at least the above-described capsule toner and carrier.

According to the present invention, a capsule toner that prevents bleeding of the release agent and has no aggregation can be produced with excellent productivity.
That is, according to the present invention, the resin fine particles are attached to the surface of the toner base particles on which the release agent layer is formed, and an impact force is applied while spraying the volatile liquid thereto. Crushing) and spreading to form a uniform resin coating layer without exposing the release agent layer, and because the release agent is not heated by the evaporation energy of the volatile liquid, bleed-out is suppressed. It is considered that the capsule toner can be produced with excellent productivity.
Here, “bleed out” means a phenomenon in which the release agent is heated and melts.

  Further, according to the present invention, the composite toner particles are flown into the powder flow path of the rotary stirring device provided with the rotary stirring means and the temperature adjusting means in the step of forming the capsule toner. By applying an impact force to the volatile liquid, the volatile liquid is supplied into the powder flow path of the rotary stirring device via the powder supply means, so that the above excellent effect is further exhibited. .

  Further, according to the present invention, since the volatile liquid is ethanol, the binder resin in the toner base particles has a glass transition temperature of 45 to 70 ° C., and the release agent particles have an onset temperature of 60 to 100 ° C. And the resin fine particles are an acrylic resin or a styrene-acrylic copolymer, the above-described excellent effects are further exhibited.

  Furthermore, according to the present invention, the resin fine particle mixture is caused to flow in the powder flow path of the rotary stirring device provided with the rotary stirring means and the temperature adjusting means in the step of forming the composite toner particles. The above-mentioned excellent effects are further exhibited by performing the stirring process in the process of continuously forming the capsule toner without applying the impact force to the fine particle mixture and collecting the contents from the rotary stirring device. Is done. That is, by not including the recovery step, it is possible to prevent a decrease in yield due to toner adhesion on the recovery path and to increase the toner production efficiency.

It is process drawing which shows one Embodiment of the manufacturing method of the capsule toner of this invention. It is a front view which shows the structure of the resin coating layer forming apparatus 201 used with the manufacturing method of the capsule toner of this invention. FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view taken along section line A200-A200 in the resin coating layer forming apparatus 201 of FIG. FIG. 3 is a side view showing a configuration around a powder input unit 206 and a powder recovery unit 207 in the resin coating layer forming apparatus 201 of FIG.

  In the capsule toner of the present invention, a release agent layer and a resin coating layer are sequentially formed on the surface of toner base particles.

1. Toner Manufacturing Method FIG. 1 is a process diagram showing an embodiment of a capsule toner manufacturing method of the present invention.
The capsule toner manufacturing method in this embodiment includes a toner base particle preparation step S1, a resin fine particle preparation step S2, a release agent layer forming step S3, a composite particle forming step S4, and a resin coating layer forming step S5.
Although each process of this embodiment is explained in full detail below, this invention is not limited by these.

(1) Toner mother particle production step S1
In the toner base particle preparation step S1, toner base particles that are sequentially coated with a release agent layer made of release agent particles and a resin coating layer made of resin fine particles are prepared.
The toner base particles include at least a binder resin, a colorant, and a charge control agent, and a production method thereof is not particularly limited. For example, a dry method such as a pulverization method, a suspension polymerization method, an emulsion aggregation method, a dispersion polymerization method, It can be produced by a known method such as a wet method such as a dissolution suspension method or a melt emulsification method.
Hereinafter, a method for producing toner base particles by a pulverization method will be described.

[Preparation of toner mother particles by pulverization method]
In the preparation of toner base particles by a pulverization method, a toner composition containing at least a binder resin, a colorant and a charge control agent is dry-mixed in a mixer, then melt-kneaded in a kneader, and the resulting kneaded product is cooled and solidified. Then, the solidified product is pulverized by a pulverizer, and thereafter particle size adjustment such as classification is performed as necessary to obtain toner base particles.

  As the mixer, a known apparatus commonly used in the technical field can be used. For example, a Henschel mixer (trade name, manufactured by Mitsui Mining Co., Ltd.), a super mixer (trade name, manufactured by Kawata Co., Ltd.), a mechano mill (trade name) Henschel type mixing equipment such as Ogaki Seiko Co., Ltd., Ongmill (trade name, manufactured by Hosokawa Micron Corporation), Hybridization system (trade name, manufactured by Nara Machinery Co., Ltd.), Cosmo System (trade name, Kawasaki Heavy Industries Ltd.) (Made by company).

  As the kneader, a known apparatus commonly used in the technical field can be used, and examples thereof include general kneaders such as a twin-screw extruder, a three-roller, and a lab blast mill. Specifically, for example, uniaxial or biaxial TEM-100B (trade name, manufactured by Toshiba Machine Co., Ltd.), PCM-65 / 87, PCM-30 (all of which are trade names, manufactured by Ikegai Co., Ltd.) Open roll type kneaders such as Extruder and Needex (trade name, manufactured by Mitsui Mining Co., Ltd.) can be mentioned. Among these, open roll type kneaders are preferable in terms of continuous productivity.

  As the pulverizer, a known apparatus commonly used in the technical field can be used. For example, a jet pulverizer that pulverizes using a supersonic jet stream, a rotor (rotor) that rotates at high speed, and a stator (liner). And an impact type pulverizer that introduces and crushes the solidified material into the space formed between the two.

  For the classification, a known apparatus commonly used in the technical field, particularly a classifier capable of removing excessively pulverized toner mother particles by centrifugal force and wind force, such as a swirl wind classifier (rotary wind classifier) can be used.

[Toner composition]
The toner composition as a raw material for the toner base particles contains at least a binder resin, a colorant, and a charge control agent.
[Binder resin]
As the binder resin for the toner base particles of the present invention, an amorphous polyester resin having no clear melting point can be suitably used. Amorphous resins generally have high resistance, and even if the binder resin is exposed on the toner surface, the influence on the charging stability can be kept small. On the other hand, a crystalline resin such as a crystalline polyester resin is not preferable because it requires a large amount of energy for melting and cannot improve the toner fixability.

A non-crystalline polyester resin usually comprises a monomer composition comprising a divalent alcohol component or a trivalent or higher polyhydric alcohol component and a divalent carboxylic acid or a trivalent or higher polyvalent carboxylic acid by a known method. It can be obtained by polycondensation reaction or esterification or transesterification.
The conditions in the condensation polymerization reaction may be set as appropriate depending on the reactivity of the monomer component, and the reaction may be terminated when the polymer has suitable physical properties. For example, the reaction temperature is about 170 to 250 ° C., and the reaction pressure is about 5 mmHg to normal pressure.

  Examples of the divalent alcohol component include polyoxypropylene (2.2) -2,2-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) propane, polyoxypropylene (3.3) -2,2-bis (4-hydroxy). Phenyl) propane, polyoxypropylene (2.0) -2,2-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) propane, polyoxypropylene (2.0) -polyoxyethylene (2.0) -2,2-bis ( Alkylene oxide adducts of bisphenol A such as 4-hydroxyphenyl) propane and polyoxypropylene (6) -2,2-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) propane; ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, 1,2-propylene Glycol, 1,3-propylene glycol, 1,4-butanediol, neo Diols such as n-glycol, 1,4-butenediol, 1,5-pentanediol, 1,6-hexanediol, 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol, dipropylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, polytetramethylene glycol Bisphenol A; propylene adduct of bisphenol A; ethylene adduct of bisphenol A; hydrogenated bisphenol A and the like.

Examples of the trihydric or higher polyhydric alcohol component include sorbitol, 1,2,3,6-hexanetetrol, 1,4-sorbitan, pentaerythritol, dipentaerythritol, tripentaerythritol, sucrose (sucrose), 1,2,4-butanetriol, 1,2,5-pentanetriol, glycerol, 2-methylpropanetriol, 2-methyl-1,2,4-butanetriol, trimethylolethane, trimethylolpropane, 1,3 , 5-trihydroxymethylbenzene and the like.
In the present invention, one of the above divalent alcohol component and trihydric or higher polyhydric alcohol component can be used alone or in combination of two or more.

  Examples of divalent carboxylic acids include maleic acid, fumaric acid, citraconic acid, itaconic acid, glutaconic acid, phthalic acid, isophthalic acid, terephthalic acid, cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid, succinic acid, adipic acid, sebacic acid, azelaic acid, malon Examples include acids, n-dodecenyl succinic acid, n-dodecyl succinic acid, n-octyl succinic acid, isooctenyl succinic acid, isooctyl succinic acid, and acid anhydrides or lower alkyl esters thereof.

Examples of the trivalent or higher polyvalent carboxylic acid include 1,2,4-benzenetricarboxylic acid, 1,2,5-benzenetricarboxylic acid, 2,5,7-naphthalenetricarboxylic acid, and 1,2,4-naphthalene. Tricarboxylic acid, 1,2,4-butanetricarboxylic acid, 1,2,5-hexanetricarboxylic acid, 1,3-dicarboxyl-2-methyl-2-methylenecarboxypropane, 1,2,4-cyclohexanetricarboxylic acid, Examples thereof include tetra (methylenecarboxyl) methane, 1,2,7,8-octanetetracarboxylic acid, pyromellitic acid, empole trimer acid, and acid anhydrides or lower alkyl esters thereof.
In the present invention, one of the above divalent carboxylic acids and trivalent or higher polyvalent carboxylic acids can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
In order to further exhibit the excellent effects of the present invention, the binder resin preferably has a glass transition temperature of 45 to 70 ° C. More preferably, it is 50-65 degreeC.

[Colorant]
As the colorant for the toner base particles of the present invention, various organic and inorganic pigments and dyes commonly used in the field of electrophotography can be used. For example, black, white, yellow, orange, Examples include red, purple, blue and green colorants.

Examples of the black colorant include carbon black, copper oxide, manganese dioxide, aniline black, activated carbon, nonmagnetic ferrite, magnetic ferrite, and magnetite.
Examples of white colorants include zinc white, titanium oxide, antimony white, and zinc sulfide.

  Examples of yellow colorants include chrome lead, zinc yellow, cadmium yellow, yellow iron oxide, mineral fast yellow, nickel titanium yellow, navel yellow, naphthol yellow S, Hansa yellow G, Hansa yellow 10G, benzidine yellow G, and benzidine. Yellow GR, Quinoline Yellow Lake, Permanent Yellow NCG, Tartrazine Lake, C.I. I. Pigment yellow 12, C.I. I. Pigment yellow 13, C.I. I. Pigment yellow 14, C.I. I. Pigment yellow 15, C.I. I. Pigment yellow 17, C.I. I. Pigment yellow 93, C.I. I. Pigment yellow 94, C.I. I. Pigment yellow 138, and the like.

  Examples of the orange colorant include red chrome yellow, molybdenum orange, permanent orange GTR, pyrazolone orange, vulcan orange, indanthrene brilliant orange RK, benzidine orange G, indanthrene brilliant orange GK, C.I. I. Pigment orange 31, C.I. I. And CI Pigment Orange 43.

  Examples of red colorants include bengara, cadmium red, red lead, mercury sulfide, cadmium, permanent red 4R, risor red, pyrazolone red, watching red, calcium salt, lake red C, lake red D, and brilliant carmine 6B. Eosin Lake, Rhodamine Lake B, Alizarin Lake, Brilliant Carmine 3B, C.I. I. Pigment red 2, C.I. I. Pigment red 3, C.I. I. Pigment red 5, C.I. I. Pigment red 6, C.I. I. Pigment red 7, C.I. I. Pigment red 15, C.I. I. Pigment red 16, C.I. I. Pigment red 48: 1, C.I. I. Pigment red 53: 1, C.I. I. Pigment red 57: 1, C.I. I. Pigment red 122, C.I. I. Pigment red 123, C.I. I. Pigment red 139, C.I. I. Pigment red 144, C.I. I. Pigment red 149, C.I. I. Pigment red 166, C.I. I. Pigment red 177, C.I. I. Pigment red 178, C.I. I. And CI Pigment Red 222.

  Examples of purple colorants include manganese purple, fast violet B, and methyl violet lake.

  Examples of blue colorants include bitumen, cobalt blue, alkali blue lake, Victoria blue lake, phthalocyanine blue, metal-free phthalocyanine blue, phthalocyanine blue partially chlorinated products, first sky blue, induslen blue BC, C.I. I. Pigment blue 15, C.I. I. Pigment blue 15: 2, C.I. I. Pigment blue 15: 3, C.I. I. Pigment blue 16, C.I. I. And CI Pigment Blue 60.

  Examples of the green colorant include chrome green, chromium oxide, pigment green B, micalite green lake, final yellow green G, C.I. I. And CI Pigment Green 7.

In the present invention, one of the above colorants may be used alone or in combination of two, and these combinations may be different colors or the same color.
Two or more colorants may be used in the form of composite particles.
The composite particles can be produced, for example, by adding an appropriate amount of water, lower alcohol or the like to two or more colorants, granulating with a general granulator such as a high speed mill, and drying.
Furthermore, in order to disperse the colorant uniformly in the binder resin, it may be used as a master batch.
The composite particles and the master batch are mixed into the toner composition during dry mixing.

The blending amount of the colorant is not particularly limited, but is preferably 0.1 to 20 parts by weight, particularly preferably 0.2 to 10 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the binder resin.
If the blending amount of the colorant is within the above range, an image having a high image density and a very good image quality can be formed without impairing various physical properties of the toner.

[Charge control agent]
As the charge control agent, a charge control agent for positive charge control and negative charge control commonly used in the art can be used.

Examples of charge control agents for positive charge control include nigrosine dyes, basic dyes, quaternary ammonium salts, quaternary phosphonium salts, aminopyrines, pyrimidine compounds, polynuclear polyamino compounds, aminosilanes, nigrosine dyes and derivatives thereof, triphenylmethane Derivatives, guanidine salts, amidine salts and the like can be mentioned.
Examples of the charge control agent for controlling the negative charge include oil-soluble dyes such as oil black and spiron black, metal-containing azo compounds, azo complex dyes, naphthenic acid metal salts, metal complexes and metal salts of salicylic acid and its derivatives ( Examples of the metal include chromium, zinc, zirconium, etc.), boron compounds, fatty acid soaps, long-chain alkyl carboxylates, and resin acid soaps.

In the present invention, one of the above charge control agents may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
The blending amount of the charge control agent is not particularly limited, but is preferably 0.5 to 3 parts by weight, particularly preferably 0.5 to 1.5 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the binder resin.
When the amount of the charge control agent is within the above range, an image having a high image density and a very good image quality can be formed without impairing various physical properties of the toner.
Further, the charge control agent may be mixed and used in a coating layer made of resin fine particles in the coating step described later.

  The toner base particles of the present invention may contain known additives in addition to the binder resin, colorant and charge control agent.

The toner base particles preferably have a volume average particle diameter of 3 to 10 μm, more preferably 5 to 8 μm. If the volume average particle diameter of the toner base particles is within the above range, a high-definition image can be stably formed over a long period of time.
When the volume average particle diameter of the toner base particles is less than 3 μm, the toner is likely to be highly charged and fluidized, and the toner cannot be stably supplied to the photoconductor, which may cause background fogging and a decrease in image density. is there. On the other hand, if the average particle diameter of the toner base particles exceeds 10 μm, the layer thickness of the formed image becomes large, resulting in a markedly grainy image, a high-definition image may not be obtained, and the specific surface area may be reduced. The charge amount of the toner becomes small, the toner is not stably supplied to the photoconductor, and there is a possibility that in-machine contamination due to toner scattering occurs.

(2) Resin fine particle preparation step S2
In the resin fine particle preparation step S2, dried resin fine particles for coating the outermost layer of the toner base particles are formed in the resin coating layer forming step S5.
For the drying, for example, a known method such as hot air heat receiving drying, conduction heat transfer drying, far infrared drying, microwave drying, or the like can be used.
The resin fine particles can be obtained, for example, by emulsifying and dispersing a resin, which is a resin fine particle raw material, with a homogenizer or the like, or by polymerizing monomer components of the resin.

  As the resin of the resin fine particle raw material, a resin commonly used in the technical field can be used, and examples thereof include a polyester resin, an acrylic resin, a styrene resin, and a styrene-acrylic copolymer. Among these resins, the acrylic resin and the styrene-acrylic copolymer have many advantages such as light weight, high strength, high transparency, low cost, and easy to obtain a material with a uniform particle size. Polymers are preferred.

The resin of the resin fine particle raw material may be the same type of resin as the binder resin contained in the toner base particles or a different type of resin. However, in terms of modifying the surface of the toner, a different type of resin is used. Is preferably used.
When different types of resins are used, the softening temperature of the resin used as the resin fine particle raw material is preferably higher than the softening temperature of the binder resin contained in the toner base particles. As a result, fusion between toners during storage can be prevented, and storage stability can be improved.
Further, the softening temperature of the resin, which is a resin fine particle raw material, depends on the image forming apparatus in which the capsule toner is used, but is 80 to 140 ° C. in order to obtain a capsule toner having both storage stability and fixability. Is preferred.

The resin fine particles are required to be sufficiently smaller than the toner base particles, and the volume average particle diameter is preferably 0.05 to 1 μm, more preferably 0.1 to 0.5 μm.
When the volume average particle diameter of the resin fine particles is within the above range, a protrusion having a suitable size is formed on the surface of the coating layer, and is easily caught by the cleaning blade during cleaning, thereby improving the cleaning property.

The addition amount of the resin fine particles is not particularly limited, but is preferably 1 to 30 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the toner base particles because the entire surface of the release agent-coated toner particles needs to be coated.
If the addition amount of the resin fine particles is within the above range, the resin fine particles can be adhered to the entire surface of the release agent-coated toner particles, and a resin coating layer can be formed. Aggregation of toner generated due to leaching of low melting point components can be prevented more reliably.
If the amount of the resin fine particles added is less than 1 part by weight, the entire surface of the release agent-coated toner particles cannot be coated with the resin, and the low melting point component contained in the release agent-coated toner particles may leach out. In addition, since the coating layer is thin, the release agent is likely to ooze out. On the other hand, when the addition amount of the resin fine particles exceeds 30 parts by weight, the coating layer becomes too thick, and depending on the constituent material of the resin fine particles, there is a possibility that the toner fixability is lowered.

(3) Release agent layer forming step S3
In the release agent layer forming step S3, release agent-coated toner particles in which the surface of the toner base particles is coated with a release agent layer made of release agent particles are formed. This step includes a release agent mixed particle preparation step S3a and a release agent particle attachment step S3b.

(3-1) Release agent mixed particle preparation step S3a
In the release agent mixed particle preparation step S3a, the toner base particles and the release agent particles are mixed to obtain a resin fine particle mixture in which both are uniformly dispersed.
For mixing, for example, a known device such as a V-type mixer (manufactured by Tokuju Kogakusho Co., Ltd.) or a double cone type mixer (manufactured by Dalton Co., Ltd.) can be used.

[Release agent]
As the release agent, release agents commonly used in the art can be used, for example, petroleum wax such as paraffin wax and microcrystalline wax and derivatives thereof; Fischer-Tropsch wax, polyolefin wax (polyethylene wax, Hydrocarbon waxes such as polypropylene wax), low molecular weight polypropylin wax and polyolefin polymer wax (such as low molecular weight polyethylene wax) and derivatives thereof; carnauba wax, rice wax and candelilla wax and derivatives thereof, wood wax Plant waxes such as beeswax, animal waxes such as beeswax and spermaceti; oils and fats synthetic waxes such as fatty acid amides and phenol fatty acid esters; long chain carboxylic acids and derivatives thereof Body; long-chain alcohols and derivatives thereof; silicone polymer; such as higher fatty acids.
The derivatives include oxides, block copolymers of vinyl monomers and waxes, graft modified products of vinyl monomers and waxes, and the like.
In this invention, 1 type of said mold release agent can be used individually or in combination of 2 or more types.

In order to further exhibit the excellent effects of the present invention, the release agent particles preferably have a melting point of 70 to 110 ° C and an onset temperature of 60 to 100 ° C. More preferably, the melting point is 70 to 95 ° C and the onset temperature is 60 to 85 ° C.
Here, the “onset temperature” refers to a straight line obtained by extending the base line on the low temperature side from the endothermic peak corresponding to melting to the high temperature side in the DSC curve, and the curve from the rising part to the peak of the peak. It means the temperature at the point of intersection with the tangent drawn at the maximum point. The specific measuring method will be described in detail in Examples.
When the melting point and onset temperature of the release agent particles are within the above ranges, an image having a high image density and a very good image quality can be formed without impairing various physical properties of the toner. .

The blending amount of the release agent is not particularly limited, but is preferably 0.2 to 20 parts by weight, particularly preferably 0.5 to 10 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the binder resin, and 1.0 to 8.0 weights. Part is particularly preferred.
If the amount of the release agent is within the above range, an image having a high image density and a very good image quality can be formed without impairing various physical properties of the toner.

(3-2) Release agent particle adhesion step S3b
In the release agent particle adhering step S3b, the release agent mixture is subjected to a stirring treatment to apply an impact force to the release agent mixture, and the surface of the toner base particles is coated with the release agent layer, that is, toner base particles. A release agent-coated toner particle having a surface coated with a release agent layer composed of a release agent particle is formed.

Examples of devices that can be used in this process include Henschel mixers (trade name, manufactured by Mitsui Mining Co., Ltd.), Supermixers (trade name, manufactured by Kawata Co., Ltd.), Mechanomyl (trade name, manufactured by Okada Seiko Co., Ltd.), and the like. Examples thereof include a mixing device of a type, ONGMILL (trade name, manufactured by Hosokawa Micron Corporation), a hybridization system (trade name, manufactured by Nara Machinery Co., Ltd.), and a Cosmo system (trade name, manufactured by Kawasaki Heavy Industries, Ltd.).
The operating conditions of the apparatus may be appropriately set depending on the material of the release agent mixture, the type of apparatus, and the like.

(4) Composite particle forming step S4
In the composite particle forming step S4, composite toner particles having resin fine particles attached to the surface of the release agent-coated toner particles are formed. This step includes a resin fine particle mixed particle preparation step S4a and a resin fine particle adhesion step S4b.

(4-1) Resin fine particle mixed particle preparation step S4a
In the resin fine particle mixed particle preparation step S4a, the release agent-coated toner particles and the resin fine particles are mixed to obtain a resin fine particle mixture in which both are uniformly dispersed.
For mixing, as in the release agent mixed particle preparation step S3a, for example, a known apparatus such as a V-type mixer (manufactured by Tokuju Kogakusho Co., Ltd.) or a double cone type mixer (manufactured by Dalton Co., Ltd.) is used. Can do.

(4-2) Resin fine particle adhesion step S4b
In the resin fine particle adhesion step S4b, the resin fine particle mixture is subjected to a stirring treatment, and an impact force is applied to the resin fine particle mixture to form composite toner particles in which the resin fine particles adhere to the surface of the release agent-coated toner particles. That is, an impact force is applied to the resin fine particle mixture, the resin fine particles are crushed, and the resin fine particles are adhered (fixed) to the surface of the release agent-coated toner particles to form a resin fine particle-attached toner (composite toner particles). .

As an apparatus that can be used in this step, for example, Henschel mixer (trade name, manufactured by Mitsui Mining Co., Ltd.), Supermixer (trade name, manufactured by Kawata Co., Ltd.), Mechanomyl (product) Name, Okada Seiko Co., Ltd. and other Henschel type mixing devices, Ongmill (trade name, manufactured by Hosokawa Micron Co., Ltd.), Hybridization system (trade name, manufactured by Nara Machinery Co., Ltd.), Cosmo System (trade name, Kawasaki Heavy Industries, Ltd.) Etc.).
The operating conditions of the apparatus may be appropriately set depending on the material of the release agent mixture, the type of apparatus, and the like.

(5) Resin coating layer forming step S5
In the resin coating layer forming step S5, on the surface of the composite toner particles (resin fine particle-adhered toner) under a temperature condition not higher than the glass transition temperature of the binder resin in the toner base particles and not higher than the onset temperature of the release agent particles. The composite toner particles are subjected to a stirring process while spraying the volatile liquid to form a capsule toner in which the surface of the release agent-coated toner particles is coated with a resin layer made of resin fine particles. That is, the resin fine particles are formed into a film on the surface of the release agent-coated toner particles to obtain capsule toner particles.
Preferably, the agitation process comprises a flow of composite toner particles in a powder flow path of a rotary agitation apparatus including a rotary agitation means and a temperature adjustment means, and applying an impact force to the composite toner particles. .

  By using resin fine particles as a film-forming material, that is, by forming a resin coating layer composed of resin fine particles on the surface of the release agent-coated toner particles, for example, a release agent contained in the release agent-coated toner particles during storage Aggregation due to melting of low melting point components such as (wax) can be prevented. In addition, the capsule toner of the present invention has resin fine particles as compared with a capsule toner having a smooth surface of a conventional method in which a liquid in which resin fine particles are dispersed is sprayed on the release agent-coated toner particles and coated with the resin fine particles. Since the shape remains on the toner surface, it has excellent cleaning properties.

Examples of the apparatus that can be used in this step include a hybridization system (trade name, manufactured by Nara Machinery Co., Ltd.), a resin coating layer forming apparatus described later, and the like.
It is preferable that the rotary stirring means of the rotary stirring device in the resin coating layer forming step includes a rotary disk and a rotary shaft with rotary blades installed around.
In consideration of production efficiency in a series of capsule toner manufacturing flows, it is required to suppress a decrease in yield due to a recovery loss. Therefore, the stirring process in the step of forming the composite toner particles causes the resin fine particle mixture to flow into the powder flow path of the rotary stirring device provided with the rotary stirring means and the temperature adjusting means, thereby applying an impact force to the resin fine particle mixture. It is preferable that the stirring process is performed in the step of continuously forming the capsule toner without collecting the contents from the rotary stirring device.

The volatile liquid is not particularly limited as long as it has an effect of plasticizing the toner base particles and the resin fine particles without dissolving them, and does not heat the release agent by its evaporation energy and can suppress bleed out.
Examples of the volatile liquid include water; lower alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, propanol, isopropanol, n-butanol and isobutyl alcohol; polyhydric alcohols such as diethylene glycol and glycerol; ketones such as acetone and methyl ethyl ketone; And esters such as ethyl acetate.
In the present invention, one of the above volatile liquids may be used alone or in combination of two or more.

  The lower alcohol has high wettability with respect to the toner base particles of the composite toner particles (toner with fine resin particles), and facilitates formation of the resin coating layer on the entire surface or most of the toner base particles. Further, the resin fine particle-adhered toner plasticized with lower alcohol is deformed by an external force to form a uniform resin coating layer on the surface of the toner base particles. Further, the lower alcohol is easy to dry, the drying time for removing the volatile liquid after the resin coating layer is formed can be shortened, and aggregation of the obtained capsule toners can be suppressed.

Moreover, it is preferable that the viscosity of the volatile liquid sprayed is 5 cP or less. Here, the “viscosity of the liquid” means, for example, a viscosity measured at 25 ° C. using a cone plate type rotary viscometer.
Examples of the volatile liquid having a viscosity of 5 cP or lower include lower alcohols such as methyl alcohol and ethyl alcohol. Since these lower alcohols have a low viscosity and are easy to evaporate, the sprayed droplets do not become coarse, and a volatile liquid having a uniform and fine droplet diameter can be sprayed. Further, at the time of collision between the resin fine particle-adhered toner and the volatile liquid droplet, it is possible to further promote the miniaturization of the droplet. As a result, the surface of the resin fine particle-attached toner is uniformly wetted and blended, and the resin fine particle-attached toner is softened by a synergistic effect with the collision energy. As a result, a capsule toner having excellent uniformity can be obtained.
Therefore, among the above volatile liquids, lower alcohols are preferable, and ethanol is particularly preferable. The volatile liquid is in a powder flow path in which the composite toner particles of the above rotary stirring device flow via a powder supply means. Preferably it is supplied. The rotary stirring device will be described in detail in the section (Resin coating layer forming device).

After the above treatment, the sprayed volatile liquid may be vaporized and removed.
For the vaporization, a known dryer such as a hot air receiving dryer, a conduction heat transfer dryer, or a freeze dryer can be used, but the supply of the volatile liquid to be sprayed after the above treatment is stopped and the mixture is stirred for a certain period of time. The above-described hybridization system (trade name, manufactured by Nara Machinery Co., Ltd.) and a resin coating layer forming apparatus to be described later are preferably used.

(Resin coating layer forming apparatus 201)
2 to 4 are front views showing the configuration of the resin coating layer forming apparatus 201 used in the capsule toner manufacturing method of the present invention, respectively, and a schematic cross-sectional view taken along line A200-A200 in the resin coating layer forming apparatus 201 of FIG. FIG. 3 is a side view showing a configuration around a powder charging unit 206 and a powder recovery unit 207 in the resin coating layer forming apparatus 201 of FIG. 2.

A resin coating layer forming apparatus 201 shown in FIGS. 2 to 4 is a rotary stirring device, and the mechanical impact force generated by the synergistic effect of circulation and stirring in the device causes resin fine particles to be formed on the surface of the release agent-coated toner particles. A resin coating layer is formed.
The resin coating layer forming apparatus 201 includes a powder flow path 202, a spraying means 203, a rotary stirring means 204, a temperature adjusting jacket (not shown), a powder charging unit 206, and a powder recovery unit 207. The powder channel 202 and the rotary stirring means 204 constitute a circulation means.

(Powder channel 202)
The powder channel 202 includes a stirring unit 208 and a powder flow unit 209 that is a circulation pipe.
The stirring unit 208 is a cylindrical container-like member having an internal space, constitutes a rotary stirring chamber, and has openings 210 and 211.
The opening 210 is formed so as to penetrate the side wall including the surface 208a of the stirring unit 208 in the thickness direction at a substantially central portion of the surface 208a on the one axial side of the stirring unit 208. In addition, the opening 211 is formed so as to penetrate the side wall including the side surface 208b of the stirring unit 208 in the thickness direction on the side surface 208b perpendicular to the one-side surface 208a of the stirring unit 208 in the thickness direction.
The powder flow part 209 has one end connected to the opening 210 and the other end connected to the opening 211, and the internal space of the stirring part 208 and the internal space of the powder flow part 209 communicate with each other. A body channel 202 is formed. The release agent-coated toner particles and gas flow through the powder flow path 202 provided so that the powder flow direction is constant. Reference numeral 214 in the figure is an arrow indicating the flow direction.

The temperature in the powder channel 202 is preferably set to be equal to or lower than the glass transition temperature of the binder resin in the toner base particles and equal to or lower than the onset temperature of the release agent particles, and the lower limit is 30 ° C. or higher. Is preferred. When the temperature in the powder flow path 202 exceeds the glass transition temperature of the binder resin in the toner base particles or the onset temperature of the release agent particles, the release agent-coated toner particles are too soft and the toner particles aggregate. May occur. On the other hand, if the temperature in the powder flow path 202 is lower than 30 ° C., the drying rate of the dispersion may be slowed and productivity may be reduced.
The temperature in the powder flow path 202 is almost uniform in any part due to the flow of the release agent-coated toner particles.
Therefore, in order to prevent aggregation of the toner particles, the temperature of the powder flow path 202 and the rotary stirring means 204 described later is equal to or lower than the glass transition temperature of the binder resin in the toner base particles and the onset temperature of the release agent particles. It is necessary to maintain below. Therefore, a temperature adjusting jacket having an inner diameter larger than the outer diameter of the powder passage tube is disposed on at least a part of the outside of the powder passage 202 and the rotary stirring means 204.

(Spraying means 203)
The spray means 203 is provided so as to be inserted into an opening formed in the outer wall of the powder flow path 202, and in the powder flow part 209, the side closest to the opening part 211 in the flow direction of the release agent-coated toner particles. It is provided in the powder flow part.
The spray means 203 sprays a mixture (spray liquid) obtained by mixing the volatile liquid and the carrier gas toward the flowing release agent-coated toner particles, and the volatile liquid is applied to the surfaces of the release agent-coated toner particles. Spread.
Therefore, the spray unit 203 includes, for example, a liquid storage unit that stores liquid, a carrier gas supply unit that supplies a carrier gas such as compressed air, a two-fluid nozzle that sprays spray liquid, and a liquid from the liquid storage unit. A liquid feed pump that feeds the two-fluid nozzle at a constant flow rate is provided.

  The angle between the liquid spray direction and the powder flow direction (angle θ in FIG. 3, referred to as “spray angle”) is set so that the volatile liquid is sprayed uniformly on the surface of the release agent-coated toner particles. For example, the spray angle θ is preferably 0 to 45 °, and more preferably 0 ° (parallel). Φ in FIG. 3 indicates the spread angle of the spray liquid.

  The sprayed volatile liquid is preferably gasified so that the inside of the powder channel 202 has a constant gas concentration, and is preferably discharged out of the powder channel 202 through the through hole 221. Thereby, the density | concentration of the gasified volatile liquid in the powder flow path 202 can be kept constant, and the drying rate of a volatile liquid can be raised. Therefore, the resin fine particle adhesion toner in which undried volatile liquid remains is prevented from adhering to other resin fine particle adhesion toner or the formed capsule toner, the aggregation of the toner particles is suppressed, and the resin coating layer is uniformly formed. The yield of the encapsulated toner can be further improved.

The concentration of the gasified volatile liquid is preferably about 3% by weight or less, more preferably 0.1 to 3.0% by weight of the resin fine particle-attached toner.
If the gas concentration is about 3% by weight or less, the drying speed of the volatile liquid can be sufficiently increased, and the resin fine particle-adhered toner in which the undried volatile liquid remains is formed with another resin fine particle-adhered toner or other toner. It is possible to prevent the toner from adhering to the capsule toner, suppress aggregation of the toner particles, and improve the yield of the capsule toner in which the resin coating layer is uniformly formed without lowering the productivity.
The gas concentration can be measured by, for example, a concentration sensor (not shown) provided in the gas discharge unit 222.

(Rotary stirring means 204)
The rotary stirring means 204 includes a rotary shaft member 218, a disk-shaped rotary disk 219, and a plurality of stirring blades 220.
The rotation shaft member 218 has an axis that coincides with the axis of the stirring unit 208 and is formed on the surface 208c on the other side in the axial direction of the stirring unit 208 so as to penetrate the side wall including the surface 208c in the thickness direction. A cylindrical rod-shaped member that is provided so as to be inserted through 221 and rotates around an axis by a motor (not shown).
The rotating disk 219 is a disk-shaped member that is supported by the rotating shaft member 218 so that its axis coincides with the axis of the rotating shaft member 218 and rotates as the rotating shaft member 218 rotates.
The plurality of stirring blades 220 are supported by the peripheral portion of the turntable 219 and rotate as the turntable 219 rotates.

The peripheral speed of the outermost periphery of the rotary stirring means 204 may be set as appropriate so that the release agent-coated toner particles can be isolatedly flowed, and is usually preferably set to 30 m / second or more, and preferably 50 m / second or more. It is more preferable to set. If the peripheral speed of the outermost periphery of the rotary stirring means 204 is less than 30 m / sec, the release agent-coated toner particles cannot be isolatedly flowed, and the surface of the release agent-coated toner particles cannot be uniformly coated with a resin film. is there.
The outermost periphery of the rotary stirring means 204 is a portion 204a of the rotary stirring means 204 having the longest distance from the axis of the rotary shaft member 218 in the direction perpendicular to the direction in which the rotary shaft member 218 of the rotary stirring means 204 extends.
The release agent-coated toner particles preferably collide perpendicularly to the disk-shaped rotating disk 219, whereby the release agent-coated toner particles are sufficiently agitated, and the surface of the release agent-coated toner particles is resinized. The film can be uniformly coated, and the yield of the capsule toner of the present invention can be further improved.

(Temperature adjustment jacket)
A temperature adjustment jacket (not shown) is a temperature adjustment means for maintaining the powder flow path 202 and the rotary stirring means 204 at or below the glass transition temperature of the toner base particles and below the onset temperature of the release agent particles. And provided in at least a part of the outside of the powder flow path 202 and the rotary stirring means 204, and the cooling flow path or the heating medium is passed through the space inside the temperature adjustment jacket so that the inside of the powder flow path 202 and the rotary stirring means 204 are predetermined. Adjust to the temperature of. In addition, this temperature adjustment can reduce variations in temperature of the release agent-coated toner particles, resin fine particles, and volatile liquid, and can maintain a stable fluid state of the particles.

Usually, the release agent-coated toner particles collide with the inner wall of the powder flow path 202 many times, and a part of the collision energy generated at that time is converted into thermal energy, and the release agent-coated toner particles and resin fine particles are converted into heat release energy. Accumulated. As the number of collisions increases, the thermal energy accumulated in these particles increases, and the release agent-coated toner particles and resin fine particles are eventually softened and adhere to the inner wall of the powder flow path 202.
Therefore, it is preferable to provide a temperature adjustment jacket over the entire outside of the powder flow path 202. As a result, the adhesive force of the release agent-coated toner particles and the resin fine particles to the inner wall of the powder flow path 202 is reduced, and the release agent-coated toner particles are surely adhered to the inner wall of the powder flow path 202 due to a sudden rise in the temperature in the apparatus. And blockage in the powder flow path 202 can be avoided.

Moreover, in the powder flow part 209 downstream from the spraying means 203, the sprayed liquid does not dry and remains, and if the temperature is not appropriate, the drying speed becomes slow and the liquid tends to stay. When the release agent-coated toner particles come into contact with this liquid, the release agent-coated toner particles are likely to adhere to the inner wall of the powder flow path 202 and become a toner aggregation source. Further, on the inner wall in the vicinity of the opening 210, the release agent-coated toner particles flowing into the stirring unit 208 collide with the release agent-coated toner particles flowing in the stirring unit 208 by the stirring by the rotary stirring unit 204. The coated toner particles thus easily adhere to the vicinity of the opening 210.
Therefore, by providing a temperature adjusting jacket at a portion where such release agent-coated toner particles are likely to adhere, adhesion of the release agent-coated toner particles to the inner wall of the powder flow path 202 can be more reliably prevented.

The resin coating layer forming apparatus 201 is not limited to the above configuration, and various changes can be made.
The temperature adjustment jacket may be provided on the entire surface outside the powder flow part 209 and the stirring part 208, or may be provided on a part of the powder flow part 209 or the stirring part 208. When the temperature adjustment jacket is provided on the entire surface outside the powder flow part 209 and the stirring part 208, the adhesion of the coated toner particles to the inner wall of the powder flow path 202 can be prevented more reliably.

(Powder input unit 206 and powder recovery unit 207)
A powder input unit 206 and a powder recovery unit 207 are connected to the powder flow unit 209 of the powder channel 202 (see FIG. 4).

The powder input unit 206 includes a hopper (not shown) that supplies the release agent-coated toner particles, a supply pipe 212 that communicates the hopper with the powder flow path 202, and an electromagnetic valve 213 that is provided in the supply pipe 212. Is provided.
The release agent-coated toner particles supplied from the hopper are supplied to the powder flow path 202 through the supply pipe 212 in a state where the flow path in the supply pipe 212 is opened by the electromagnetic valve 213, and the rotating stirring means It flows in a fixed powder flow direction by stirring by 204. Further, when the flow path in the supply pipe 212 is closed by the electromagnetic valve 213, the release agent-coated toner particles are not supplied to the powder flow path 202.

The powder recovery unit 207 includes a recovery tank 215, a recovery pipe 216 that communicates the recovery tank 215 and the powder flow path 202, and an electromagnetic valve 217 provided in the recovery pipe 216.
In a state where the flow path in the collection pipe 216 is opened by the electromagnetic valve 217, the capsule toner particles flowing through the powder flow path 202 are collected in the collection tank 215 through the collection pipe 216. In addition, when the flow path in the collection pipe 216 is closed by the electromagnetic valve 217, the toner particles flowing through the powder flow path 202 are not collected.

  In the resin coating layer forming apparatus 201, it is preferable to start the spraying of the volatile liquid after flowing the resin fine particle-attached toner through the powder flow path 202 and stabilizing the flow speed. Accordingly, the volatile liquid can be uniformly sprayed on the resin fine particle-adhered toner, and the yield of the capsule toner in which the resin coating layer is uniformly formed can be improved.

  In the resin coating layer forming step S5, the stirring of the rotary stirring means 204 is continued at a predetermined temperature until the resin fine particles adhering to the release agent-coated toner particles are softened and turned into a film, and the resin fine particle-adhered toner is caused to flow and release. It is preferable to form resin fine particles on the surface of the mold-coated toner particles.

The resin coating layer forming apparatus 201 is not limited to the above configuration, and various changes can be made.
For example, instead of the resin coating layer forming apparatus 201, a commercially available stirring apparatus and spraying means may be combined. As a commercially available stirring apparatus provided with a powder channel and a rotating stirring means, for example, a hybridization system (trade name, manufactured by Nara Machinery Co., Ltd.) and the like can be mentioned. By mounting a liquid spray unit in such a stirring device, it can be used as a resin coating layer forming device.

2. Capsule toner The capsule toner of the present invention is produced by the capsule toner production method of the present invention.
In the capsule toner of the present invention, the release agent layer and the resin coating layer are sequentially formed on the surface of the toner base particles, and the resin coating layer is uniformly formed at a low temperature, thereby preventing the release agent from bleeding out. In addition, the toner is a capsule toner that does not aggregate toner and has a wide fixing temperature range excellent in offset resistance.

3. Two-component developer The two-component developer of the present invention includes at least the capsule toner of the present invention and a carrier.
As the carrier, a carrier commonly used in the technical field can be used. For example, a single or composite ferrite composed of iron, copper, zinc, nickel, cobalt, manganese, chromium, etc. and carrier toner base particles are coated with a coating substance. Examples thereof include a coated resin-coated carrier, and a resin-dispersed carrier in which magnetic particles are dispersed in a resin.

As the coating material, a material commonly used in the technical field can be used, for example, polytetrafluoroethylene, monochlorotrifluoroethylene polymer, polyvinylidene fluoride, silicon resin, polyester resin, ditershire butyl salicylic acid metal compound Styrene resin, acrylic resin, polyamide, polyvinyl butyral, nigrosine, aminoacrylate resin, basic dye, basic dye lake, silica fine powder, alumina fine powder, and the like.
The resin used for the resin-dispersed carrier is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include styrene acrylic resin, polyester resin, fluorine-based resin, and phenol resin.
The resins used for the coating material and the resin-dispersed carrier can be used singly or in combination of two or more, and are preferably selected according to the toner component.

The shape of the carrier is not particularly limited, but a spherical shape and a flat shape are preferable.
The particle diameter of the carrier is not particularly limited, but is preferably 10 to 100 μm, and more preferably 20 to 50 μm, considering high image quality.

The volume resistivity of the carrier is determined by placing carrier particles in a container having a cross-sectional area of 0.50 cm ² and tapping, then applying a load of 1 kg / cm ² to the particles packed in the container and placing the load between the load and the bottom electrode. It is a value obtained from a current value when a voltage generating an electric field of 1000 V / cm is applied. When the volume resistivity is low, the carrier is charged when a bias voltage is applied to the developing sleeve, and the carrier particles easily adhere to the photoreceptor. Further, breakdown of the bias voltage is likely to occur. A preferred volume resistivity of the carrier is 1.0 × 10 ^{9 to} 1.0 × 10 ¹³ (Ω · cm).

  The magnetization strength (maximum magnetization) of the carrier is preferably 10 to 60 emu / g, more preferably 15 to 40 emu / g. Under a general developing roller magnetic flux density condition, if it is less than 10 emu / g, the magnetic binding force does not work, which may cause carrier scattering. On the other hand, if the magnetization strength exceeds 60 emu / g, the carrier spikes become too high in the non-contact development, and it becomes difficult to maintain the non-contact state between the image carrier and the toner. In the contact development, the toner image is swept. There is a risk that the eyes are likely to appear.

The mixing ratio of the toner and the carrier in the two-component developer is not particularly limited and can be appropriately selected according to the type of the toner and the carrier. For example, when mixed with a resin-coated carrier (density 5 to 8 g / cm ² ), the toner may be contained in an amount of 2 to 30% by weight, preferably 2 to 20% by weight based on the total amount of developer. Further, the coverage of the carrier with the toner is preferably 40 to 80% by weight.

EXAMPLES The present invention will be specifically described below with reference to examples and comparative examples, but the present invention is not limited to these examples. In the following description, “parts” and “%” mean “parts by weight” and “% by weight” unless otherwise specified.
In Examples and Comparative Examples, each physical property value was measured by the following method.

[Glass Transition Temperature Tg of Resin]
Using a differential scanning calorimeter (manufactured by Seiko Electronics Co., Ltd. (currently Seiko Instruments Inc.), model number: DSC220), 1 g of a sample was heated at a rate of 10 ° C./min according to Japanese Industrial Standard (JIS) K7121-1987. And measure DSC curve. In the obtained DSC curve, the slope is maximized with respect to the straight line obtained by extending the base line on the high temperature side to the low temperature side from the endothermic peak corresponding to the glass transition, and the curve from the rising part of the peak to the vertex. The temperature at the intersection with the drawn tangent is defined as the glass transition temperature (Tg).

[Softening temperature of resin Tm]
Using a flow characteristic evaluation apparatus (manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation, model number: CFT-100C), while heating 1 g of the sample at a heating rate of 6 ° C./min, a load of 20 kgf / cm ² (9.8 × 10 ⁵ Pa) The temperature at which half of the sample flows out from the die (nozzle diameter 1 mm, length 1 mm) is defined as the softening temperature (Tm).

[Melting point and onset temperature of release agent fine particles]
Using a differential scanning calorimeter (Seiko Electronics Co., Ltd. (current Seiko Instruments Inc.), model number: DSC220), 1 g of the sample was heated from a temperature of 20 ° C. to 200 ° C. at a heating rate of 10 ° C./min, The operation of rapidly cooling from 200 ° C. to 20 ° C. is repeated twice, and the DSC curve is measured. The temperature of the endothermic peak corresponding to the melting of the DSC curve measured in the second operation is defined as the melting point of the release agent fine particles. In the obtained DSC curve, draw a line where the baseline is extended to the high temperature side from the endothermic peak corresponding to melting and a point where the slope is maximum with respect to the curve from the rising part to the peak of the peak. The temperature at the intersection with the tangent line is the onset temperature.

[Volume average particle diameter and coefficient of variation of toner base particles]
20 ml of a sample and 1 ml of sodium alkyl ether sulfate are added to 50 ml of an electrolytic solution (Beckman Coulter, trade name: ISOTON-II), and an ultrasonic dispersion device (manufactured by SMT Co., Ltd., model: UH-50) is used. A sample for measurement is obtained by dispersion treatment at a frequency of 20 kHz for 3 minutes. The obtained sample for measurement was measured using a particle size distribution measuring apparatus (manufactured by Beckman Coulter, model: Multisizer 3) under the conditions of aperture diameter: 100 μm, number of measured particles: 50000 count, and volume particle size of sample particles The standard deviation in the volume average particle diameter and volume particle size distribution is determined from the distribution. Also, the coefficient of variation (CV value,%) is calculated based on the following equation.
CV value (%) = (standard deviation in volume particle size distribution / volume average particle diameter) × 100

[Volume average particle diameter of resin fine particles and release agent fine particles]
A 50% frequency particle diameter (median diameter) is measured on a volume basis using a laser diffraction / scattering particle size distribution measuring apparatus (manufactured by Horiba, Ltd., model: LA-920).

Example 1
[Toner mother particle production step S1]
Polyester resin (glass transition temperature 60 ° C., softening temperature 138 ° C., manufactured by Kao Corporation, trade name: Toughton) 100 parts Colorant (copper phthalocyanine, CI Pigment Blue 15: 3) 5 parts Charge control agent (Orient Chemical) Kogyo Co., Ltd., trade name: Bontron E84) 2 parts

After the above raw materials were mixed and dispersed for 3 minutes with a Henschel mixer (Mitsui Mining Co., Ltd., model: 20B), the resulting mixture was used with a twin screw extruder (Ikegai Co., Ltd., model: PCM-30). The mixture was melt kneaded and dispersed under the conditions of a cylinder set temperature of 110 ° C., a barrel rotation speed of 300 rpm, and a raw material supply speed of 20 kg / hour.
The obtained kneaded material was cooled with a cooling belt and then coarsely pulverized with a speed mill having a φ2 mm screen. Subsequently, the obtained coarsely pulverized product was finely pulverized with a jet type pulverizer (manufactured by Nippon Pneumatic Industry Co., Ltd., model: IDS-2), and further an elbow jet classifier (manufactured by Nippon Steel Mining Co., Ltd., model: EJ-). 15-3) to obtain toner mother particles (volume average particle size: 6.9 μm, coefficient of variation 22).

[Resin fine particle preparation step S2]
Styrene-acrylic acid-butylacrylic acid copolymer resin (manufactured by Sanyo Chemical Industries, trade name: SK540), surfactant polyoxyethylene alkyl ether (trade name: Emulgen 1108), 5 g and distilled water 1985 g was charged into a high-pressure homogenizer while being heated to 95 ° C. to obtain an aqueous dispersion (solid content concentration 5%) of resin fine particles (volume average particle diameter 150 nm, glass transition temperature 64 ° C., softening temperature 120 ° C.). The obtained aqueous dispersion was dehydrated and dried using a dryer (manufactured by Fujisaki Electric Co., Ltd., model: Micro Mist Dryer MDL-050) to obtain resin fine particles.

[Releasing agent layer forming step S3]
[Release Agent Mixed Particle Preparation Step S3a]
100 parts of toner base particles prepared in toner base particle preparation step S1 and a release agent (Fischer-Tropsch wax, volume average particle diameter 150 nm, melting point peak temperature 90 ° C., onset temperature 82 ° C., manufactured by Nippon Seiwa Co., Ltd. , 1 part of a product name: FNP0090) was put into a Henschel mixer (Mitsui Mining Co., Ltd., model: 20B) and mixed for 3 minutes at a peripheral speed of a stirring blade of 20 m / sec to obtain release agent mixed particles.

[Releasing agent particle adhesion step S3b]
The release agent mixed particles prepared in the release agent mixed particle preparation step S3a are put into a hybridization system (trade name: NHS-1 type, manufactured by Nara Machinery Co., Ltd.) according to the apparatus shown in FIG. The mixture was mixed at 6400 rpm for 3 minutes to obtain release agent-coated toner particles.

[Composite particle forming step S4]
[Resin fine particle mixed particle preparation step S4a]
100 parts of the release agent-coated toner particles produced in the release agent layer forming step S3 and 7.5 parts of the resin fine particles produced in the resin fine particle preparation step S2 are put into a Henschel mixer (Mitsui Mining Co., Ltd., model: 20B). Then, the mixture was mixed for 3 minutes at a peripheral speed of the stirring blade of 20 m / second to obtain resin fine particle mixed particles.

[Resin fine particle adhesion step S4b]
The resin fine particle mixed particles prepared in the resin fine particle mixed particle preparation step S4a are put into a hybridization system (trade name: NHS-1 type, manufactured by Nara Machinery Co., Ltd.) according to the apparatus shown in FIG. 2 and rotated at 8000 rpm. The mixture was mixed for 5 minutes to obtain a resin fine particle-adhered toner (composite toner particle).

[Resin coating layer forming step S5]
Subsequent to the resin fine particle adhesion step S4b, the resin fine particle adhesion toner is sprayed for 40 minutes at a spraying rate of 0.5 g / min and an air flow rate of 5 L / min while maintaining the rotation speed of the hybridization system at 8000 rpm. The resin fine particles were formed into a film on the surface of the release agent-coated toner particles. After the ethanol spraying was stopped, stirring was continued for 5 minutes to obtain a capsule toner (volume average particle size 7.0 μm, variation coefficient 23).

In the hybridization system, a temperature sensor (not shown) is provided in the powder flow path 202 (the figure number in FIG. 2, the same applies hereinafter), and the temperature of the powder flow section 209 and the stirring section 208 is entirely adjusted on the wall surface. A jacket (not shown) was provided, and the temperature of the powder flow part 209 and the stirring part 208 was adjusted to 45 ° C. Further, the spray means (two-fluid nozzle, FIG. 3 diagram number) is such that the angle (angle θ in FIG. 3, “spray angle”) between the liquid spray direction and the powder flow direction is parallel (0 °). 203) was set.
The air flow rate to be sent into the device was adjusted to 5 L / min, and the total air flow rate from the two-fluid nozzle was 10 L / min.

(Example 2)
In the release agent layer forming step S3, the release agent used for the release agent layer formed on the surface of the toner base particles is carnauba wax (volume average particle diameter 100 nm, melting point peak temperature 82 ° C., onset temperature 70 ° C., Toa Kasei Co., Ltd. The capsule toner of Example 2 (volume average particle size 7.0 μm, coefficient of variation 23) was obtained in the same manner as Example 1 except that the product was made by Kogyo Co., Ltd.

(Example 3)
In the release agent layer forming step S3, the release agent used for the release agent layer formed on the surface of the toner base particles is carnauba wax (volume average particle diameter 100 nm, melting point peak temperature 82 ° C., onset temperature 70 ° C., Toa Kasei Co., Ltd. In the composite particle forming step S4, the addition amount of the resin fine particles used for the resin coating layer formed on the surface of the release agent-coated toner particles is 5 parts in the same manner as in Example 1. The capsule toner of Example 3 (volume average particle diameter 7.0 μm, coefficient of variation 23) was obtained.

Example 4
In the release agent layer forming step S3, the release agent used for the release agent layer formed on the surface of the toner base particles is carnauba wax (volume average particle diameter 100 nm, melting point peak temperature 82 ° C., onset temperature 70 ° C., Toa Kasei Co., Ltd. The amount of resin fine particles used in the resin coating layer formed on the surface of the release agent-coated toner particles in the composite particle forming step S4 is 5 parts. Except for the above, the capsule toner of Example 4 (volume average particle size 7.0 μm, coefficient of variation 23) was obtained in the same manner as Example 1.

(Example 5)
In the release agent layer forming step S3, the release agent used for the release agent layer formed on the surface of the toner base particles is carnauba wax (volume average particle diameter 100 nm, melting point peak temperature 82 ° C., onset temperature 70 ° C., Toa Kasei Co., Ltd. The amount of resin fine particles used for the resin coating layer formed on the surface of the release agent-coated toner particles in the composite particle forming step S4 is 5 parts. Except for the above, the capsule toner of Example 5 (volume average particle size 7.0 μm, coefficient of variation 23) was obtained in the same manner as Example 1.

(Example 6)
In the release agent layer forming step S3, the release agent used for the release agent layer formed on the surface of the toner base particles is carnauba wax (volume average particle diameter 100 nm, melting point peak temperature 82 ° C., onset temperature 70 ° C., Toa Kasei Co., Ltd. Manufactured by the same company), and the addition amount is 1.6 parts. In the composite particle forming step S4, the addition amount of resin fine particles used for the resin coating layer formed on the surface of the release agent-coated toner particles is 2.5 parts. Except for this, the capsule toner of Example 6 (volume average particle diameter 7.0 μm, coefficient of variation 23) was obtained in the same manner as Example 1.

(Example 7)
In the release agent layer forming step S3, the release agent used for the release agent layer formed on the surface of the toner base particles is paraffin wax (volume average particle diameter 100 nm, melting point peak temperature 72 ° C., onset temperature 62 ° C., Nippon Seiki The resin fine particles used for the resin coating layer formed on the surface of the release agent-coated toner particles in the composite particle forming step S4, with an addition amount of 1.6 parts. The capsule toner of Example 7 (volume average particle diameter 7.0 μm, coefficient of variation 23) was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the amount added was 5 parts.

(Example 8)
In the release agent layer forming step S3, the release agent used for the release agent layer formed on the surface of the toner base particles is paraffin wax (volume average particle diameter 100 nm, melting point peak temperature 72 ° C., onset temperature 62 ° C., Nippon Seiki The resin fine particles used for the resin coating layer formed on the surface of the release agent-coated toner particles in the composite particle forming step S4, with an addition amount of 1.8 parts, manufactured by Wax Co., Ltd., trade name: SP-0160) The capsule toner of Example 8 (volume average particle size 7.0 μm, coefficient of variation 23) was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the amount added was 5 parts.

Example 9
In the release agent layer forming step S3, the release agent used for the release agent layer formed on the surface of the toner base particles is paraffin wax (volume average particle diameter 100 nm, melting point peak temperature 72 ° C., onset temperature 62 ° C., Nippon Seiki The capsule toner of Example 9 (volume average particle diameter of 7.10) was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the wax was manufactured by Wax Corporation and trade name: SP-0160). 0 μm, coefficient of variation 23) were obtained.

(Example 10)
In the release agent layer forming step S3, the release agent used for the release agent layer formed on the surface of the toner base particles is carnauba wax (volume average particle diameter 100 nm, melting point peak temperature 82 ° C., onset temperature 70 ° C., Toa Kasei Co., Ltd. The amount of resin fine particles used in the resin coating layer formed on the surface of the release agent-coated toner particles in the composite particle forming step S4 is 2.5 parts. Except for the above, the capsule toner of Example 10 (volume average particle size 7.0 μm, coefficient of variation 23) was obtained in the same manner as Example 1.

(Example 11)
In the release agent layer forming step S3, the addition amount of the release agent used for the release agent layer formed on the surface of the toner base particles is 1.8 parts, and in the composite particle forming step S4, the surface of the release agent-coated toner particles The capsule toner of Example 11 (volume average particle diameter 7.0 μm, coefficient of variation 23) is the same as Example 1 except that the amount of resin fine particles used in the resin coating layer formed in the above is 2.5 parts. )

(Example 12)
In the release agent layer forming step S3, the release agent used for the release agent layer formed on the surface of the toner base particles is paraffin wax (volume average particle diameter 100 nm, melting point peak temperature 72 ° C., onset temperature 62 ° C., Nippon Seiki The resin fine particles used for the resin coating layer formed on the surface of the release agent-coated toner particles in the composite particle forming step S4, with an addition amount of 1.6 parts. The capsule toner of Example 12 (volume average particle diameter 7.0 μm, coefficient of variation 23) was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the amount of addition was 2.5 parts.

(Example 13)
In the release agent layer forming step S3, the release agent used for the release agent layer formed on the surface of the toner base particles is paraffin wax (volume average particle diameter 100 nm, melting point peak temperature 72 ° C., onset temperature 62 ° C., Nippon Seiki Wax ▼, trade name: SP-0160), and in the composite particle forming step S4, the amount of resin fine particles used in the resin coating layer formed on the surface of the release agent-coated toner particles was 2.5 parts. Except for this, the capsule toner of Example 13 (volume average particle size 7.0 μm, coefficient of variation 23) was obtained in the same manner as Example 1.

(Example 14)
In the release agent layer forming step S3, the release agent used for the release agent layer formed on the surface of the toner base particles is paraffin wax (volume average particle diameter 100 nm, melting point peak temperature 72 ° C., onset temperature 62 ° C., Nippon Seiki The resin fine particles used for the resin coating layer formed on the surface of the release agent-coated toner particles in the composite particle forming step S4, with an addition amount of 1.8 parts, manufactured by Wax Co., Ltd., trade name: SP-0160) The capsule toner of Example 14 (volume average particle diameter 7.0 μm, coefficient of variation 23) was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the amount added was 2.5 parts.

(Comparative Example 1)
In the resin coating layer forming step S5, the capsule toner (volume average particle diameter 7.0 μm, variation coefficient 23) of Comparative Example 1 is obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that ethanol is not sprayed onto the resin fine particle-adhered toner. It was.

(Comparative Example 2)
In the release agent layer forming step S3, the addition amount of the release agent used for the release agent layer formed on the surface of the toner base particles is 0.5 part. In the composite particle forming step S4, the surface of the release agent-coated toner particles Comparative Example 2 was performed in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the amount of resin fine particles used in the resin coating layer to be formed was 10 parts and ethanol was not sprayed onto the resin fine particle-attached toner in the resin coating layer forming step S5. Capsule toner (volume average particle diameter 7.0 μm, coefficient of variation 23) was obtained.

(Comparative Example 3)
In the release agent layer forming step S3, the release agent used for the release agent layer formed on the surface of the toner base particles is paraffin wax (volume average particle diameter 100 nm, melting point peak temperature 72 ° C., onset temperature 62 ° C., Nippon Seiki The capsule toner (volume by volume) of Comparative Example 3 was the same as Example 1 except that the wax was manufactured by Wax Corporation, trade name: SP-0160), and the composite particle forming step S4 and the resin coating layer forming step S5 were not performed. An average particle size of 7.0 μm and a coefficient of variation of 23) were obtained.

About the obtained capsule toner of Examples 1-14 and Comparative Examples 1-3, the yield was calculated | required by the following Formula.
Yield [%] = (Recovered weight of capsule toner [g] / Raw material weight [g]) × 100
The collected weight [g] of the capsule toner is the collected weight [g] of the capsule toner after the resin coating layer forming step, and the raw material weight [g] is the weight of the toner base particles [g] and the added amount of the release agent particles [g]. g] and resin fine particle addition amount [g].

The yield obtained was evaluated according to the following criteria.
A: Very good (yield 90% or more)
○: Good (yield 85% or more and less than 90%)
Δ: No practical problem (yield 80% or more and less than 85%)
×: Poor) (Yield less than 80%)
The obtained yield results are shown in Table 1 together with other evaluation results of the capsule toners of Examples 1 to 14 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3, raw materials and main physical properties of each particle.

The capsule toners of Examples 1 to 4 use a release agent having a relatively high melting point, and the bleed-out of the release agent is suppressed because the addition amount of the release agent particles and the resin fine particles is appropriate. A high yield was obtained.
In the capsule toner of Example 5, the addition amount of the release agent particles is slightly increased, the fluidity of the composite particles is slightly decreased, and the uniformity of the resin coating layer is slightly deteriorated. Sufficient productivity was obtained.

In the capsule toner of Example 6, although the amount of resin fine particles added was slightly reduced and the uniformity of the resin coating layer was slightly deteriorated, the yield was lowered, but sufficient productivity was obtained.
In the capsule toner of Example 7, since the melting point of the release agent was lowered, the fluidity of the composite particles was slightly lowered and the uniformity of the resin coating layer was slightly deteriorated. Productivity was obtained.

In the capsule toners of Examples 8 and 9, the melting point of the release agent was lowered, the amount of release agent particles added was slightly increased, the fluidity of the composite particles was lowered, and the uniformity of the resin coating layer was deteriorated. Although the yield decreased, a practical level of productivity was obtained.
In the capsule toners of Examples 10 and 11, although the amount of release agent particles added was slightly increased and the amount of resin fine particles added was slightly decreased, and the uniformity of the resin coating layer was deteriorated, the yield decreased. A practical level of productivity was obtained.

In the capsule toners of Examples 12 and 13, the melting point of the release agent was lowered, and the amount of resin fine particles added was slightly reduced, and the uniformity of the resin coating layer was deteriorated. Productivity was obtained.
In the capsule toner of Example 14, the melting point of the release agent was lowered, the addition amount of the release agent particles was slightly increased, and the addition amount of the resin fine particles was slightly decreased, so that the uniformity of the resin coating layer was deteriorated. Although the yield decreased, a practical level of productivity was obtained.
Further, when the fixability of the capsule toners of Examples 1 to 14 was evaluated, it was found that sufficient offset resistance was obtained.

  Since the capsule toner of Comparative Example 1 was not sprayed with ethanol in the resin coating layer forming step, the resin fine particles were not sufficiently deformed, and a non-uniform resin coating layer dotted with exposed portions of the release agent layer was formed. It is thought that. Further, the cooling effect of the release agent by the volatile liquid is not exerted, and the release agent is heated by the thermal energy generated by the collision energy between each member and the composite particles in the resin coating layer forming apparatus, and is applied to the capsule toner surface. Since bleed-out occurs, toner particles agglomerate, and it is considered that the yield deteriorated.

The capsule toner of Comparative Example 2 was an attempt to reduce the exposure of the release agent to the capsule toner surface by reducing the addition amount of the release agent and increasing the addition amount of resin fine particles. However, since ethanol was not sprayed in the resin coating layer forming step, the release agent was heated to cause bleed out as in Comparative Example 1, and the toner particles agglomerated to deteriorate the yield. it is conceivable that.
In the capsule toner of Comparative Example 3, since the resin coating layer was not formed, toner particles were aggregated, and the yield was considered to be greatly reduced.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 201 Resin coating layer forming apparatus 202 Powder flow path 203 Spraying means 204 Rotation stirring means 204a The part of the rotation stirring means 204 with the longest distance with the axis of the rotating shaft member 218 206 Powder input part 207 Powder recovery part 208 Stirring part 208a One side surface 208a of the stirring unit 208 in the axial direction 208b A side surface 208c perpendicular to the one side surface 208a in the axial direction of the stirring unit 208 208c The other surface 209 in the axial direction of the stirring unit 208 209 Powder flow-through portions 210, 211 Opening 212 Pipe 213, 217 Solenoid valve 214 Arrow 215 Recovery tank 216 Recovery pipe 218 Rotating shaft member 219 Disc-shaped rotating disk 220 Multiple stirring blades 221 Through hole 222 Gas discharge part A200 Cutting plane line θ Liquid spray direction and powder flow direction Φ angle of the spray liquid spread angle

Claims (8)

The toner base particles containing at least a binder resin, a colorant, and a charge control agent are mixed with release agent particles to obtain a release agent mixture in which both are uniformly dispersed, and then the release agent mixture is subjected to stirring treatment. Applying impact force to form release agent-coated toner particles in which the surface of the toner base particles is coated with a release agent layer composed of the release agent particles;
The release agent-coated toner particles and the resin fine particles are mixed to obtain a resin fine particle mixture in which both are uniformly dispersed, and then the resin fine particle mixture is subjected to an agitation treatment to apply an impact force, thereby applying the release agent coating. Forming composite toner particles having the resin fine particles attached to the surfaces of the toner particles;
The composite toner particles are sprayed with a volatile liquid on the surface of the composite toner particles under a temperature condition not higher than the glass transition temperature of the binder resin in the toner base particles and not higher than the onset temperature of the release agent particles. And a step of forming a capsule toner in which the surface of the release agent-coated toner particles is coated with a resin layer made of the resin fine particles.   In the stirring process in the step of forming the capsule toner, the composite toner particles are caused to flow in a powder flow path of a rotary stirrer provided with a rotary stirrer and a temperature adjusting unit, and an impact force is applied to the composite toner particles. The method for producing a capsule toner according to claim 1, further comprising:   The capsule toner manufacturing method according to claim 2, wherein the volatile liquid is supplied into a powder flow path of the rotary stirring device via a powder supply unit.   The capsule toner manufacturing method according to claim 1, wherein the volatile liquid is ethanol.   The binder resin in the toner base particles has a glass transition temperature of 45 to 70 ° C., the release agent particles have an onset temperature of 60 to 100 ° C., and the resin fine particles are acrylic resin or styrene-acrylic copolymer. The method for producing a capsule toner according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the toner is a combined toner.   The stirring process in the step of forming the composite toner particles causes the resin fine particle mixture to flow in a powder flow path of a rotary stirring device provided with a rotary stirring unit and a temperature adjusting unit, thereby applying an impact force to the resin fine particle mixture. Capsule toner according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein a stirring process is performed in the step of continuously forming the capsule toner without recovering the contents from the rotary stirring device. Production method.   A capsule toner obtained by the capsule toner manufacturing method according to claim 1.   A two-component developer comprising at least the capsule toner according to claim 7 and a carrier.

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