JP2012083427A - Method for controlling transmission of light energy between nano substances, and method and apparatus for evaluating transmission efficiency of light energy between nano substances - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide technology for controlling transmission of light energy between nano substances.SOLUTION: A control device 200 includes a light source 201, a substrate fixing unit 202, a detecting unit 203, an oscillation external field generating unit 204, and a control unit 205. The light source 201 generates light that induces photo-induced polarization in a nano substance (segment) included in a nano structure 20. The nano structure includes a first nano substance (equivalent to a segment 1) fixed to a substrate 4, a second nano substance (equivalent to a segment 2), and a joining nano substance joining the first and second nano substances. The oscillation external field generating unit 204 generates an oscillation external field for inducing a specific oscillation state of the joining nano substance. The control unit 205 controls the intensity of the oscillation external field (e.g., the intensity of terahertz waves) generated by the oscillation external field generating unit 204 or controls the power of the light source 201.

Description

  The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for controlling the transmission of light energy between nanomaterials, and a method and apparatus for evaluating the efficiency of transmitting light energy between nanomaterials.

  When light is irradiated to a system in which two nanomaterials are close to a scale below the wavelength of light, each of the nanomaterials is polarized by the light. The interaction between the two nanomaterials that are light-induced polarization causes attraction or repulsion between the materials. Specifically, when the vibration direction of the electric field of light, that is, the direction of polarization is parallel to the arrangement direction of the two substances, an attractive force acts between the two substances. On the other hand, when the direction of polarization is perpendicular to the arrangement direction of the two substances, a repulsive force acts between the two substances. This is the basic mechanism of the photoinduced force between substances.

  A method for manipulating nanomaterials using such a mechanism is disclosed in, for example, JP-T-2006-027863 (Patent Document 1). According to Patent Document 1, a nanomaterial group composed of a plurality of nanomaterials is irradiated with light that resonates with the electronic excitation level of the nanomaterial. According to the above method, the attractive force or repulsive force acting between the nanomaterials by changing the polarization direction of the light is used for the manipulation of the nanomaterials.

JP 2006-027863 Publication

  In recent years, research and development related to light energy conversion has been actively conducted due to an increase in awareness of environmental and energy problems. For example, with respect to solar cells, research and development for increasing the change efficiency from light energy to electric energy, or research and development on materials for solar cells, are actively conducted.

  On the other hand, attempts have been made to elucidate the principle of obtaining high energy conversion efficiency. For example, efforts are being made to elucidate the mechanism of photoelectric conversion systems in ecosystems, such as the mechanism related to photosynthesis. In another example, a great deal of research has been done on energy transfer in dendrimers (eg, porphyrin dendrimers) that have a light collecting function.

  In the dendrimer, energy can be transmitted from the light collecting antenna (side chain) to the core with high efficiency (for example, quantum efficiency of 70 to 80%). For example, the following model has been proposed for such energy transfer. That is, excitons are formed in the outermost shell of the dendrimer by photoexcitation. This exciton is assisted by molecular vibration (phonon), so that energy is efficiently transferred from the outermost shell of the dendrimer to the core of the dendrimer.

  Although the said patent document 1 discloses the technique which manipulates a nanomaterial with light, it does not disclose about the transmission efficiency of the light energy between nanomaterials. Therefore, Patent Document 1 does not disclose a technique for controlling the transmission of light energy between nanomaterials.

  An object of the present invention is to provide a technique for controlling the transmission of light energy between nanomaterials.

  The method for controlling light energy transfer between nanomaterials according to one aspect of the present invention connects the first and second nanomaterials each having photoresponsiveness and the first and second nanomaterials and has elasticity. Preparing a nanostructure including a bonded nanomaterial; irradiating light to the first nanomaterial; exciting a predetermined vibration mode of the bonded nanomaterial by a vibrating external field; Controlling the transmission efficiency of light energy from the first nanomaterial to the second nanomaterial by controlling the intensity of.

  Preferably, the controlling step includes changing the intensity of the vibrating external field based on the intensity and frequency of light energy transmitted to the second nanomaterial.

Preferably, the step of preparing includes the step of cooling the nanostructure.
Preferably, the first nanomaterial is fixed to an optically transparent substrate. The light is evanescent light generated near the surface of the substrate.

  Preferably, the nanostructure is an organic molecule. The vibration external field is infrared (including terahertz waves).

  An optical energy transfer control device between nanomaterials according to another aspect of the present invention includes a light source, a vibration external field generation unit, and a control unit. The light source is included in a nanostructure including first and second nanomaterials each having photoresponsiveness, and a bonded nanomaterial that connects the first and second nanomaterials and has elasticity. One nanomaterial is irradiated with light. The vibration external field generator generates a vibration external field for exciting a predetermined vibration mode of the bonded nanomaterial. The control unit controls the transmission efficiency of light energy from the first nanomaterial to the second nanomaterial by controlling the intensity of the vibration external field.

  Preferably, the control unit changes the intensity of the vibration external field based on the intensity and frequency of the light energy transmitted to the second nanomaterial.

Preferably, the control device further includes a cooling unit for cooling the nanostructure.
Preferably, the first nanomaterial is fixed to an optically transparent substrate. The light source generates evanescent light in the vicinity of the surface of the substrate.

  Preferably, the nanostructure is an organic molecule. The vibration external field is infrared (including terahertz waves).

  According to still another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for evaluating the efficiency of light energy transfer between nanomaterials, wherein the first and second nanomaterials each having photoresponsiveness are connected to the first and second nanomaterials and stretched. A step of setting an initial condition of a model of a nanostructure including a bonding nanomaterial having a property, a step of simulating a state in which a predetermined vibration mode of the bonding nanomaterial is excited by a vibration external field, and a first nano A step of calculating a polarization of the second nanomaterial generated by irradiating the material with light, and a step of evaluating a transmission efficiency of light energy from the first nanomaterial to the second nanomaterial based on the polarization With.

  Preferably, the step of evaluating includes the step of evaluating the transmission efficiency based on a maximum value of a time average of absolute values of polarization.

  Preferably, the step of evaluating includes the step of comparing the maximum value with each of the plurality of levels according to its magnitude. Multiple levels are associated with transmission efficiency.

  Preferably, the step of simulating includes changing the amplitude of the bonded nanomaterial. The step of evaluating includes determining a correlation between optical frequency and amplitude corresponding to the local maximum.

  Preferably, the step of evaluating includes the step of determining the optical frequency corresponding to the maximum value when the amplitude of the bonded nanomaterial is constant.

  Preferably, the evaluation method further includes a step of calculating a resonance frequency of the bonded nanomaterial corresponding to a predetermined vibration mode by quantum chemical calculation.

  Preferably, the first nanomaterial is fixed to an optically transparent substrate. The light irradiated to the first nanomaterial is evanescent light generated in the vicinity of the surface of the substrate.

  Preferably, the nanostructure is an organic molecule. The vibration external field is infrared (including terahertz waves).

  An apparatus for evaluating light energy transfer efficiency between nanomaterials according to still another aspect of the present invention includes an initial condition setting unit, a simulation unit, a polarization calculation unit, and an evaluation unit. The initial condition setting unit is a model of a nanostructure including first and second nanomaterials each having photoresponsiveness, and a bonded nanomaterial that connects the first and second nanomaterials and has elasticity. Set initial conditions for. The simulation unit simulates a state in which a predetermined vibration mode of the bonded nanomaterial is excited by an external vibration field. The polarization calculation unit calculates the polarization of the second nanomaterial generated by irradiating the first nanomaterial with light. The evaluation unit evaluates the transmission efficiency of light energy from the first nanomaterial to the second nanomaterial based on the polarization.

  Preferably, the evaluation unit evaluates the transmission efficiency based on the maximum value of the time average of the absolute value of polarization.

  Preferably, the evaluation unit compares the maximum value with each of the plurality of levels according to the magnitude. Multiple levels are associated with transmission efficiency.

  Preferably, the simulation unit changes the amplitude of the bonded nanomaterial. The evaluation unit determines a correlation between the optical frequency and the amplitude corresponding to the maximum value.

  Preferably, the evaluation unit determines an optical frequency corresponding to the maximum value when the amplitude of the bonded nanomaterial is constant.

  Preferably, the evaluation apparatus further includes a resonance frequency analysis unit that calculates a resonance frequency of the bonded nanomaterial corresponding to a predetermined vibration mode by quantum chemical calculation.

  Preferably, the first nanomaterial is fixed to an optically transparent substrate. The light irradiated to the first nanomaterial is evanescent light generated in the vicinity of the surface of the substrate.

  Preferably, the nanostructure is an organic molecule. The vibration external field is infrared (including terahertz waves).

  ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, the technique for controlling transmission of the light energy between nanomaterials can be provided.

It is the figure which showed the model for demonstrating transmission control of the light energy between the nanomaterials concerning embodiment of this invention. It is a figure explaining the hardware constitutions of the computer 100 which performs the evaluation method which concerns on embodiment of this invention. It is a block diagram which shows the functional structure of CPU120 shown in FIG. It is a flowchart which shows an example of the flow of a process of the evaluation method which concerns on embodiment of this invention. It is a figure explaining an example of the nanostructure used for the evaluation method concerning an embodiment of the invention. It is the figure which showed the time average of the absolute value of the polarization of the segment 2 in the state which the joining nanomaterial 3 has not expanded-contracted. It is the figure which showed the time average of the absolute value of the polarization of the segment 2 in the state which the joining nanomaterial 3 expands / contracts. Polarization | is a diagram showing the dependence of the amplitude b _| P 2. It is the figure which showed the spectrum of the enhancement factor of the polarization of the segment 2. FIG. It is the figure which showed schematic structure of the transmission control apparatus of the light energy between the nanomaterials concerning embodiment of this invention. 12 is a flowchart for explaining a method of controlling light energy transfer between nanomaterials by the control device 200 shown in FIG. 10. 12 is a flowchart for explaining another example of a method for controlling light energy transfer between nanomaterials by the control device 200 shown in FIG. 10. It is the figure which showed the example of application of this invention.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. In the drawings, the same or corresponding parts are denoted by the same reference numerals and description thereof will not be repeated.

  In the present invention, “nanomaterial” includes particles, structures and the like having a size on the order of nanometers. “Nanometer order” includes the range of 1 to several hundred nanometers, typically in the range of 1 to 100 nanometers.

  In the present invention, “a nanomaterial having photoresponsiveness” means a nanomaterial in which light-induced polarization is caused by light irradiation. In general, a nanomaterial having a large dielectric constant, polarizability or optical sensitivity is preferred. Nanomaterials having photoresponsive properties include, but are not limited to, organic polymers, semiconductor quantum dots, metal nanoparticles, and the like. The light-induced polarization is an electric polarization of a substance that is generated when the movement of electrons in the substance is excited by light.

  In the present invention, the “joining nanomaterial” means a nanomaterial that joins two nanomaterials each having photoresponsiveness. The joining nanomaterial is not particularly limited as long as it is a stretchable nanomaterial, and includes, for example, chain molecules and polymers.

In the present invention, “vibrating external field” means an external field having a frequency substantially equal to the resonant frequency of the bonded nanomaterial. The resonance frequency of the bonded nanomaterial is a frequency that excites a specific vibration state (predetermined vibration mode) of the bonded nanomaterial. The “frequency substantially equal to the resonance frequency” means a frequency that can excite the vibration state. “Resonant frequency of bonded nanomaterial” can be read as “natural frequency of phonon of bonded nanomaterial”.

  In this specification, “energy” and “frequency (or angular frequency)” are interchangeable. According to quantum mechanics, a relationship of E = h / 2π × ω (h is Planck's constant) is established between the energy E and the angular frequency ω. Further, the angular frequency ω and the frequency f have a relationship of ω = 2πf. Therefore, in this specification, “energy” and “frequency (or angular frequency)” are interchangeable. In the following, unless it is necessary to distinguish between the frequency f and the angular frequency ω, the term “frequency” includes both the frequency f and the angular frequency ω. In addition, since the wavelength λ is the reciprocal of the frequency f, “energy” and “wavelength” can be interchanged according to this relationship.

<Model of control of light energy transfer between nanomaterials>
FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a model for explaining light energy transfer control between nanomaterials according to an embodiment of the present invention. Referring to FIG. 1, nanostructure 10 includes nanomaterials 1 and 2 having photoresponsiveness, and bonded nanomaterial 3 bonded to nanomaterials 1 and 2. In this model, the nanomaterials 1 and 2 are the same material. The bonding nanomaterial 3 is a stretchable nanomaterial.

  In the following description, the nanomaterials 1 and 2 are referred to as “segment 1” and “segment 2”, respectively, so that the nanomaterials 1 and 2 can be easily distinguished from each other. In this model, each of the segments 1 and 2 is modeled as a sphere for simplification of description, but is not particularly limited.

  The substrate 4 is made of a transparent material. The segment 1 is fixed to the substrate 4. The nanostructure 10 is placed in a medium having a refractive index lower than that of the substrate 4.

  The light 6 enters the substrate 4 at an incident angle that satisfies the total reflection condition. By the total reflection of the light 6 on the surface of the substrate 4, evanescent light is generated on the surface of the substrate 4. When the evanescent light is incident on the segment 1, the segment 1 is excited. Excitation of segment 1 causes light-induced polarization in segment 1. The polarization direction of the light incident on the segment 1 is the Z direction. If the susceptibility of segment 2 is not 0, the light-induced polarization of segment 2 may be 0 initially.

  On the other hand, a vibrating external field 7 is applied to the bonded nanomaterial 3. The frequency of the vibration external field 7 is the resonance frequency of the junction nanomaterial 3, and in this embodiment, that is, a frequency equal to the natural frequency Ω of the phonon. The resonance frequency of the bonding nanomaterial 3 may be a natural frequency of classical elastic vibration, and is not particularly limited. A specific vibration state of the bonded nanomaterial 3 is excited by such an external vibration field, and the bonded nanomaterial 3 expands and contracts along the Z direction.

As the bonded nanomaterial 3 expands and contracts along the Z direction, the segment 2 vibrates in the Z direction. If the position of segment 1 is the reference position (Z = 0), the relative distance d of segment 2 to segment 1 is expressed as d = a ₀ + b cos Ωt (t: time). a ₀ is the initial position of segment 2, for example, the position when the attractive term (1 / r ⁶ potential term) and repulsive term (1 / r ¹² potential term) included in the Leonard-Jones potential are equal to each other Corresponding to b is the amplitude of the bonded nanomaterial 3, in other words, the amplitude of the phonon. In addition, b is a _value below a0.

  The frequency Ω is sufficiently lower than the frequency of the light 6 that excites the segment 1. Therefore, the vibration of the phonon of the junction nanomaterial is sufficiently slower than the vibration of the light-induced polarization of the segment 2 that resonates with the light 6, and the adiabatic approximation can be applied.

  In the embodiment of the present invention, the vibration (phonon) of the bonding nanomaterial 3 assists the transmission of light energy between the segments 1 and 2. In other words, in the embodiment of the present invention, the transmission of light energy between the segments 1 and 2 is controlled by controlling the vibration (phonon) of the bonded nanomaterial 3.

  As light energy is transmitted from segment 1 to segment 2, a signal is emitted from segment 2. A signal emitted from the segment 2 is detected by the detection unit 5. Based on the signal emitted from the segment 2, it becomes possible to evaluate the transmission efficiency of light energy.

  In the embodiment of the present invention, the amplitude b is controlled as a specific control of the vibration (phonon) of the bonded nanomaterial 3. By controlling the amplitude b, for example, the transmission efficiency of light energy from segment 1 to segment 2 can be kept constant. Alternatively, the transmission efficiency of light energy can be controlled so that a good transmission efficiency can be obtained. The amplitude b can be controlled by controlling the intensity of the vibration external field 7.

<Evaluation of light energy transmission efficiency>
Evaluation of light energy transfer efficiency between nanomaterials according to the model shown in FIG. 1 will be described below. First, the natural frequency of the phonon of the junction nanomaterial can be estimated by quantum chemical calculation described below.

According to the Hohenberg-Kohn theorem, the ground state energy E _el can be uniquely determined by the electron density ρ. Furthermore, the ground state energy E _el (ρ (r)) is obtained by minimizing the electron density ρ (r). The ground state energy E _el is expressed according to the following equation (1).

E ^T is a term of kinetic energy by the movement of electrons, E ^V nuclear - a term of repulsion energy between electrons attraction and nuclear. E ^J is an electron-electron repulsion term, which is a term related to Coulomb self-interaction of electron density. ^EXC corresponds to the remaining part of the exchange interaction excluding the electron-electron interaction. Note that a linear combination of functions suitable for the system is used as the basis function.

  The segment polarization P is expressed according to the following equation (2).

The susceptibility χ _j of the j-th segment is a Lorentz-type optical susceptibility and is expressed according to the following equation (3).

Here, Θ is a step function, and Θ = 1 inside the segment and Θ = 0 outside the segment. ω _el is the natural frequency of the electron, and can be obtained from the literature when the material of the substance is known. If it is unknown, ω _el is expressed by the equation (1) from the relationship of h / 2π * ω _el = E _el. (H is Planck's constant). V _j is the volume of the j th segment. D represents the transition dipole moment.

  The response photoelectric field E is expressed according to the following equation (4) using the Maxwell equation and the Green function in the nanomaterial.

  The polarization P and the electric field E derived from the discretized integral equation using a spherical cell can be determined in a self-consistent manner from the simultaneous equations shown in the following equations (5) and (6).

S in Formula (6) is a coefficient regarding self-interaction via a photoelectric magnetic field.
Assume that only segment 1 is initially excited. Segments 1 and 2 are the same nanomaterial. Polarization _{P 2} of the polarization _{P 1} and segment 2 of segment 1 are represented respectively in accordance with the following equation (7) and (8).

  q is the wave number of light (that is, proportional to the reciprocal of the wavelength). X in Formula (7) and Formula (8) is represented according to the following Formula (9).

As shown in equation (9), the light induced polarization _{P 2} of the segment 2 is a function of the relative distance d through Green function G (d). The Green function G (d) is expressed according to the following equation (10) in the arrangement of FIG.

As described above, d is expressed as d = a ₀ + b cos Ωt.
Time average of the absolute value of the light induced polarization P ₂ is calculated over a sufficiently long time than the cycle determined by the reciprocal of the phonon vibration frequency Ω (= 1 / Ω). The large time average of the absolute value of the polarization P ₂ indicates that a significant amount of polarization has occurred in the segment 2 due to the transfer of light energy from the segment 1 to the segment 2 via the junction nanomaterial 3. Represent. Therefore, by evaluating the time average of the absolute value of the polarization P _2, it is possible to evaluate the transmission efficiency of light energy between nanomaterials. Hereinafter, the absolute value of the polarization P ₂ may be expressed as | P ₂ |. Further, the time average of the absolute value of the polarization P ₂ is sometimes referred to as "polarization P _{2 (or} | _| P 2) time-averaged".

<Evaluation apparatus and evaluation method>
FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating a hardware configuration of the computer 100 that executes the evaluation method according to the embodiment of the present invention. Referring to FIG. 2, a computer 100 includes a computer main body 101, a flexible disk (hereinafter referred to as “FD”) drive 103, an optical disk drive 104, a communication interface 105, a monitor 106, a keyboard 107, and the like. And a mouse 108. The FD drive 103, the optical disc drive 104, the communication interface 105, the keyboard 107 and the mouse 108 are connected to the computer main body 101 via the bus 102.

The FD drive 103 reads information from the FD 113 and records information on the FD 113. The optical disc drive 104 reads information recorded on an optical disc such as a CD-ROM (Compact Disc Read-Only Memory) 114. Communication interface 105
Transmits and receives data to and from a device external to the computer 100 via a communication line (not shown).

The computer main body 101 includes a CPU (Central Processing Unit) 120 and a ROM.
A memory 121 including a (Read Only Memory) and a RAM (Random Access Memory) and a hard disk 122 are included. The CPU 120, the memory 121, and the hard disk 122 are connected to the bus 102.

  The hard disk 122 includes a model parameter 130 relating to the model of the nanostructure, an evaluation program 131, a resonance frequency analysis program 132 for calculating the resonance frequency of the bonded nanomaterial, an analysis condition 133, an analysis parameter 134, and an evaluation result. 135 are stored. The hard disk 122 is an example of a direct access memory device, and other types of direct access memory devices may be used instead of the hard disk 122.

  The model parameters 130 include various parameters relating to the nanostructure model, such as segment size (radius, volume, etc.), resonance energy of the electron system, dipole moment, and the like. The analysis condition 133 includes various conditions for executing the resonance frequency analysis program 132. The analysis parameter 134 includes various parameters used for executing the resonance frequency analysis program 132.

  The resonance frequency Ω is calculated by executing the resonance frequency analysis program 132. The calculated frequency Ω is stored in the hard disk 122 as a part of the model parameter 130, for example.

  The evaluation program 131 is a program for evaluating the light energy transfer efficiency between the nanomaterials based on the model parameter 130. The evaluation result 135 includes the execution result of the evaluation program 131. Note that the evaluation program 131 and the resonance frequency analysis program 132 may be integrated into one program.

  The model parameter 130, the analysis condition 133, and the analysis parameter 134 may be supplied from an external database via the communication interface 105. Similarly, the evaluation program 131 and / or the resonance frequency analysis program 132 may be supplied to the computer 100 by a storage medium such as the FD 113 and the CD-ROM 114, or from another computer to the computer 100 via a communication line. It may be supplied.

  The evaluation program 131 and the resonance frequency analysis program 132 are software executed by the CPU 120. When the CPU 120 executes the above program, the computer 100 functions as an apparatus for evaluating the transmission efficiency of light energy between nanomaterials.

  FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing a functional configuration of the CPU 120 shown in FIG. Referring to FIG. 3, CPU 120 includes a resonance frequency analysis unit 150, a transmission efficiency analysis unit 160, and an analysis control unit 170. The transmission efficiency analysis unit 160 includes a vibration state simulation unit 162, an initial condition setting unit 164, a polarization calculation unit 166, and an evaluation unit 168.

  The resonance frequency analysis unit 150 calculates the resonance frequency of the bonded nanomaterial according to the resonance frequency analysis program 132 based on the analysis condition 133 and the analysis parameter 134. The resonance frequency analysis program 132 is a program for calculating the resonance frequency Ω of the bonded nanomaterial according to the above-described quantum chemical calculation. The resonance frequency Ω calculated by the resonance frequency analysis unit 150 is stored in the hard disk 122 as a part of the model parameter 130. However, the resonance frequency Ω may be stored in the hard disk 122 as a parameter different from the model parameter 130.

The vibration state simulation unit 162 acquires values of the resonance frequency Ω, the initial position a ₀ and the amplitude b of the segment 2 from the model parameter 130. The vibration state simulation unit 162 acquires the resonance frequency Ω, the initial position a _0, and the amplitude b, thereby determining the relative distance d (= a ₀ + b cos Ωt) between the segments 1 and 2 that changes according to the time t. The vibration state simulation unit 162 simulates a state in which a specific vibration state of the bonded nanomaterial is excited by a vibration external field by determining a function representing the relative distance d.

  The initial condition setting unit 164 sets the initial condition of the nanocomposite by acquiring parameters such as the segment size (radius, volume, etc.) and the resonance energy of the electron system from the model parameter 130. The initial condition corresponds to a state in which only the segment 1 is polarized by the incidence of light on the segment 1. The light incident on the segment 1 is evanescent light generated near the surface of the substrate.

The polarization calculation unit 166 is based on the above-described conditions of the nanocomposite set by the initial condition setting unit 164 and the relative distance d (= a ₀ + bcosΩt) between the segments 1 and 2 set by the vibration state simulation unit 162. According to the evaluation program 131, the polarization P of segment 2
The time average of ₂ is calculated. Evaluation program 131 is a program for numerically calculating the light energy spectrum of the time average of the polarization P ₂ according to the above equation (8).

Evaluation unit 168, the calculation result of the polarization calculation section 166, i.e., based on the time average of the light energy spectrum of the polarization P _2, to evaluate the transmission efficiency of light energy from the segment 1 to segment 2. The evaluation unit 168 stores the evaluation result 135 in the hard disk 122.

  The analysis control unit 170 comprehensively controls the resonance frequency analysis unit 150 and the transmission efficiency analysis unit 160.

  FIG. 4 is a flowchart showing an example of a processing flow of the evaluation method according to the embodiment of the present invention. The processing of this flowchart is executed by the computer 100 shown in FIGS. Note that the evaluation method according to the embodiment of the present invention is not limited to being executed according to the order shown in FIG. For example, the order of the processes may be changed as appropriate, and a plurality of processes may be executed in parallel.

Referring to FIG. 4, in step S <b> 1, initial conditions for the nanocomposite are set based on model parameter 130. In step S <b> 2, an analysis condition 133 and an analysis parameter 134 for analyzing the resonance frequency of the phonon or elastic vibration of the bonded nanomaterial are input to the CPU 120. In step S <b> 3, the resonance frequency of the bonded nanomaterial is calculated according to the resonance frequency analysis program 132. In step S4, based on the resonance frequency and model parameters calculated by the process in step S3, a specific vibration state (predetermined vibration mode) of the bonded nanomaterial is excited by the vibration external field, that is, segments 1 and 2 A state in which the relative distance d between them varies with time in accordance with the relational expression of d = a ₀ + b cos Ωt is simulated.

  When the resonance frequency of the bonded nanomaterial is known from literatures, the process of step S3 is not necessary. In this case, a known value of the resonance frequency Ω may be included in the model parameter 130 in advance.

In step S5, the time average (| P ₂ |) of the absolute value of the polarization P ₂ of the segment 2 is calculated according to the evaluation program 131. Note that | P ₂ | may be calculated for each of the plurality of amplitudes b. In this case, for example, after | P ₂ | is calculated in step S5, the process returns to step S4, and the amplitude b is changed. After | P ₂ | is calculated for all of the plurality of amplitudes b, the process proceeds to step S6.

In step S6, the transmission efficiency of light energy from the segment 1 to the segment 2 is evaluated based on the polarization | P ₂ | (time average of absolute values of the polarization P ₂ ).

In one example, the maximum value of | P ₂ | is compared to multiple levels (eg, three levels). Thereby, the level of the transmission efficiency of light energy (for example, one of “high level”, “medium level”, and “low level”) is evaluated. In another example, the relationship between the optical frequency corresponding to the maximum value of | P ₂ | and the amplitude b is determined. Thereby, the frequency of the light output from the segment 2 when a desired transmission efficiency is obtained, and the amplitude of the junction nanomaterial at that time can be obtained. In yet another example, the optical frequency corresponding to the maximum value of | P ₂ | when the amplitude b is constant is determined. Thereby, when the optical energy is transmitted from the segment 1 to the segment 2 in a state where the amplitude b is constant, an optical frequency (frequency of light output from the segment 2) that can achieve high transmission efficiency is obtained. it can. In step S7, the evaluation result is output. When the process of step S7 ends, the entire process ends.

  FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating an example of a nanostructure used in the evaluation method according to the embodiment of the present invention. Referring to FIG. 5, nanostructure 10 is configured by connecting two porphyrin molecules. The bonded nanomaterial 3 corresponds to the central portion of the nanostructure 10.

By the process of step S3, the frequency of the vibration mode in which the central portion of the nanostructure 10 is expanded and contracted, that is, the natural frequency of the phonon of the bonded nanomaterial 3 is determined to be 30.08 (THz). That is, the vibration external field that excites a specific vibration mode of the bonding nanomaterial 3 is infrared rays (including terahertz waves). Incidentally, in the calculation of the natural ^frequencies, E ^T, E V, the ^{E J,} using ^6-31G, using B3LYP the ^{E XC.} (Although the oscillator strength is smaller than the above expansion / contraction mode, it is confirmed by calculation using 6-31G + (d) with higher accuracy that the expansion / contraction mode exists also in 1.42132 (THz) corresponding to the terahertz region. ing.)

Further, the time average light energy spectrum of the absolute value of the polarization P ₂ of the segment 2 is calculated by the processes of steps S4 and S5. The model parameters used for this calculation will be described below. The radii _{aj of the} segments 1 and 2 are 1.0 (nm). Since the segments 1 and 2 is a sphere, according to the model of Figure 1, the volume _{V j} of segments 1 and 2, the 4πa _j ^3/3. Furthermore, the relaxation constant γ representing the dissipation of light other than light is 0.1 (meV). That is, under the initial conditions, the ambient temperature of the nanostructure 10 is low. Furthermore, the resonance energy E _el = h / 2π × ω _el of the electron systems of segments 1 and 2 was set to 2.84 (eV), and the dipole moment D = 8 (D).

FIG. 6 is a diagram showing the time average of the absolute value of the polarization of the segment 2 in a state where the bonded nanomaterial 3 is not expanded or contracted. In the state in which the bonding nanomaterial 3 is not expanded or contracted, d = a ₀ .

  Referring to FIG. 6, when the relative distance d is 2.5 (nm), the light energy spectrum has two peaks in both cases of 2.9 (nm) and 3.3 (nm). Occurs. As the distance d between the segments 1 and 2 decreases, the distance between the two peaks increases. On the other hand, as the distance d between the segments 1 and 2 increases, the interval between the two peaks decreases. In a state where the bonded nanomaterial 3 is not expanded or contracted, each of the segments 1 and 2 can be approximated to an independent particle as the distance between the two segments is increased. For this reason, the distance between two peaks becomes smaller as d is increased.

FIG. 7 is a diagram showing the time average of the absolute value of the polarization of the segment 2 in a state where the bonded nanomaterial 3 expands and contracts. The time average range was set to 0 to 0.1 (nsec). Further, a ₀ = 2.9 (nm) and the amplitude b was changed between 0.1 (nm), 0.3 (nm), 0.5 (nm), and 0.7 (nm).

Referring to FIG. 7, when amplitude b is small, the maximum value of polarization | P ₂ | appears by increasing amplitude b in the optical frequency region where the maximum value of polarization | P ₂ | is not observed. This indicates that, in the optical frequency region, the optical energy can be transferred from the segment 1 to the segment 2 by increasing the amplitude b (that is, the transmission efficiency of the optical energy is improved). For example, in the energy region lower than 2.99 (eV), the maximum value of polarization | P ₂ | occurs as b is increased. Similarly, even in an energy region higher than 3.02 (eV), by increasing b, a maximum value of polarization | P ₂ | occurs. Thus, by evaluating the maximum value of the polarization | P ₂ |, the energy transfer efficiency can be evaluated.

In a region on the lower energy side than 2.99 (eV), the value of energy (optical frequency) corresponding to the maximum value of polarization | P ₂ | decreases by increasing b. Conversely, in a region on the higher energy side than 3.02 (eV), increasing b increases the value of energy (optical frequency) corresponding to the maximum value of polarization | P ₂ |. This indicates that the optical frequency at which efficient transfer of light energy occurs can be controlled by the value of b. Thus, by determining the relationship between the optical frequency corresponding to the maximum value of | P ₂ | and the amplitude b, the optical frequency (frequency of light output from the segment 2) at which a desired transmission efficiency can be obtained. ) Can be evaluated.

As described above, the relative distance d between the segments 1 and 2 varies according to cos Ωt. Therefore, the speed of segment 2 is the smallest when segment 2 is closest to segment 1 (d = a ₀ −b) and when segment 2 is furthest away from segment 1 (d = a ₀ + b). That is, the dwell time of the segment 2 becomes longer at d = a ₀ −b and d = a ₀ + b. For this reason, the peak splitting clearly occurs.

  FIG. 7 shows that the larger the amplitude b, the wider the interval between the two peaks. When the segment 2 approaches the segment 1, the distance between the segments 1 and 2 becomes smaller, while when the segment 2 moves away from the segment 1, the distance between the segments 1 and 2 becomes larger. Since the distance between segments 1 and 2 is smaller, the outer peak is further away. On the other hand, since the distance between the segments 1 and 2 becomes larger, the difference between the inner peaks becomes smaller. That is, each of the segments 1 and 2 approaches one particle. As a result, the frequency range that can be covered can be expanded.

  As the spectrum becomes broad, the absorption spectrum of segment 1 and the relaxation spectrum when energy is transferred from segment 1 to segment 2 overlap. As a result, energy is efficiently transferred.

FIG. 8 is a diagram showing the dependence of the polarization | P ₂ | on the amplitude b. Referring to FIG. 8, the optimum value of amplitude b, that is, the value of amplitude b when light energy is most efficiently transmitted from segment 1 to segment 2, depends on the light energy (frequency). The light energy value shown in FIG. 8 is the energy value corresponding to the maximum value of polarization | P ₂ | in the light spectrum (see FIG. 7).

FIG. 8 shows that the value of the amplitude b at which the maximum value of the polarization | P ₂ | is obtained depends on the frequency of light. This indicates that the maximum value of polarization | P ₂ | can be obtained by controlling the amplitude b based on the frequency of light incident on the segment 1. That is, FIG. 8 shows that the transmission efficiency of light energy can be controlled between the segments 1 and 2 by controlling the amplitude b based on the frequency of light incident on the segment 1. On the other hand, when the amplitude b is fixed, a kind of wavelength-variable energy transfer can be performed. The amplitude b is controlled by the intensity of the vibration external field. 7 and 8 show that the transmission efficiency of light energy between the segments 1 and 2 can be controlled by controlling the intensity of the vibration external field.

FIG. 9 is a diagram showing a spectrum of the polarization enhancement rate of the segment 2. And enhancement factor, polarization in the case of b = 0.1 (nm) | for spectral intensity, polarization at each value (a value other than 0.1) of the amplitude b | | _{P 2} of the spectral intensity | _{P 2} Is the ratio. FIG. 9 shows the enhancement factor in each case of b = 0.3 (nm), b = 0.5 (nm), and b = 0.7 (nm). FIG. 9 shows that the peak value of the enhancement rate increases as the amplitude b increases. This indicates that the transmission efficiency of light energy depends on the amplitude b, and more specifically, the transmission efficiency of light energy increases as the amplitude b increases.

According to the present embodiment, it is also possible to evaluate the transmission efficiency of light energy using this enhancement factor. For example, the enhancement rate may be evaluated by a plurality of levels. For example, the transmission efficiency of light energy may be evaluated by comparing the rate of enhancement with a plurality of levels (eg, three levels) (eg, one of “high level”, “medium level”, and “low level”) Evaluate). Alternatively, the transmission efficiency of light energy may be evaluated from the value of | P ₂ | according to the relationship between the value of the enhancement factor obtained beforehand through experiments or calculations and the transmission efficiency.

<Control device and method>
FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating a schematic configuration of a light energy transmission control device between nanomaterials according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention. Referring to FIG. 10, control device 200 includes light source 201, substrate fixing unit 202, detection unit 203, vibration external field generation unit 204, and control unit 205.

  The light source 201 generates light that causes light-induced polarization in the nanomaterial (segment) included in the nanomaterial group 20. The nanomaterial population 20 includes a plurality of nanostructures having the basic structure shown in the model of FIG. Each nanostructure includes a first nanomaterial (corresponding to segment 1) fixed to the substrate 4, a second nanomaterial (corresponding to segment 2), and a bonded nanostructure that joins the first and second nanomaterials. A substance. The plurality of first nanomaterials may be arranged one-dimensionally or two-dimensionally on the surface of the substrate 4.

  Specifically, the light source 201 is a laser light source. Laser light from the light source 201 may be directly incident on the nanomaterial. Alternatively, as illustrated by the model in FIG. 1, the laser light from the light source 201 is incident on the substrate 4 so that the total reflection condition is satisfied on the surface of the substrate 4, thereby generating evanescent light on the surface of the substrate 4. You may let them. In this case, light-induced polarization occurs in the first nanomaterial (segment 1) by the evanescent light generated on the surface of the substrate 4.

  The substrate fixing unit 202 fixes the substrate 4. The detection unit 203 detects light energy transmitted from the first nanomaterial to the second nanomaterial. The detection unit 203 is, for example, a light receiving element, and receives light energy transmitted to the second nanomaterial in the form of light. The detection result of the detection unit 203 is sent to the control unit 205. However, the detection result of the detection unit 203 may be sent to a device other than the control device 200, for example.

  The vibration external field generation unit 204 generates a vibration external field for exciting a specific vibration state (predetermined vibration mode) of the bonded nanomaterial. When the nanomaterial group 20 is an aggregate of nanostructures formed by connecting two porphyrin molecules as shown in FIG. 5, the vibration external field generation unit 204 includes infrared rays (including terahertz waves). ) Is used.

  In general, infrared rays refer to electromagnetic waves in a frequency range of 300 GHz to 400 THz (0.7 μm to 1 mm in terms of wavelength). The terahertz wave indicates an electromagnetic wave having a frequency range of 0.1 THz to 10 THz and is included in the far infrared region. Therefore, it is assumed that the infrared frequency in the embodiment of the present invention is in the range of 300 GHz to 400 THz.

An electromagnetic wave having a frequency near 30 THz, which is close to the natural frequency Ω of the phonon as described in the present embodiment, is a carbon dioxide laser (CO ₂ laser) having a main wavelength band in the range from 9.4 μm to 10.6 μm, for example. Generated by. When the above wavelength range is converted to frequency, 2
The frequency band is 8.3 to 31.9 THz. The terahertz wave is generated by, for example, a semiconductor multiple quantum well. Alternatively, the terahertz wave is generated by irradiating the second-order nonlinear crystal with an optical pulse. By irradiating the second-order nonlinear crystal with a light pulse, a difference frequency is generated. Thereby, a terahertz wave can be generated. Specifically, when an optical pulse having a pulse width of 100 fs is used by a femtosecond laser (for example, a titanium sapphire laser), a terahertz wave pulse of about 10 THz can be generated.

  The control unit 205 controls the light source 201 and the vibration external field generation unit 204. For example, the control unit 205 controls the intensity of the vibration external field (for example, the intensity of the terahertz wave) generated by the vibration external field generation unit 204 or the power of the light source 201 based on the detection result by the detection unit 203.

  The substrate 4, the nanomaterial group 20, and the substrate fixing unit 202 may be cooled by the cooling device 206. By cooling the nanomaterial group 20, the influence of the vibrational state on the bonded nanomaterial can be reduced, and the spread of the peak on the spectrum of the light-induced polarization can be prevented. Thereby, the specific vibration state of the light induced polarization of the segment 1 and the segment 2 can be clearly observed. For example, liquid nitrogen or liquid helium can be used as the cooling medium.

  FIG. 11 is a flowchart for explaining a method of controlling light energy transfer between nanomaterials by the control device 200 shown in FIG. The processing of this flowchart is executed mainly by the control unit 205 controlling the light source 201 and the vibration external field generation unit 204. It should be noted that the control method according to the embodiment of the present invention is not limited to being executed in the order shown in FIG. For example, the order of the processes may be changed as appropriate, and a plurality of processes may be executed in parallel.

  Referring to FIG. 11, in step S10, a nanomaterial population 20 is prepared. In step S10, the nanomaterial group 20 may be cooled.

  In step S <b> 11, the light source 201 irradiates the nanomaterial group 20 with light. In step S12, the vibration external field generation unit 204 generates a vibration external field (for example, infrared rays (including terahertz waves)). In step S <b> 13, the detection unit 203 detects the light energy transmitted through the nanomaterial group 20. In step S <b> 14, the control unit 205 adjusts the vibration external field based on the detection result of the detection unit 203. For example, the control unit 205 adjusts the intensity of the vibration external field so that the detection result of the detection unit 203 becomes constant. By adjusting the intensity of the vibration external field, the amplitude b changes. Thereby, the transmission efficiency of light energy is controlled. Therefore, the detection result of the detection unit 203 can be kept constant.

  FIG. 12 is a flowchart for explaining another example of the light energy transfer control method between nanomaterials by the control device 200 shown in FIG. Referring to FIG. 12, according to the process of this flowchart, in step S12A, a vibration external field is generated based on the frequency of light incident on nanomaterial group 20 (particularly, the first nanomaterial fixed to substrate 4). The intensity of is determined. For example, a relationship between the intensity of the vibration external field and the light frequency is obtained so that the transmission efficiency of light energy is the best, and the relationship is stored in the control unit 205 in advance. Thereby, the process of step S12A can be executed. Since each process of steps S10 and S11 is the same as the process of the corresponding step shown in FIG. 11, detailed description thereof will not be repeated.

  As described above, according to the control device according to the embodiment of the present invention, the transmission efficiency of the light energy transmitted between the photoresponsive nanomaterials can be controlled by the vibration external field.

<Application example>
FIG. 13 is a diagram showing an application example of the present invention. Referring to FIG. 13, sensor 250 is different from control device 200 shown in FIG. 10 in that it does not include vibration external field generation unit 204.

  The sensor 250 detects the vibration external field by using the change in wavelength during the transmission of the wavelength of light between the photoresponsive nanomaterials by the irradiation of the nanocomposite with the vibration external field. Specifically, light is incident on the substrate 4 side in advance. When an external vibration field is generated, light energy is transmitted to the detection unit 203 side. Therefore, the vibration external field can be detected based on the detection result of the light energy by the detection unit 203.

In particular, when a nanocomposite having a structure in which two porphyrin molecules are linked as described above, the sensor 250 can be used as an infrared (including terahertz wave) detector. A structure having a size of several tens of μm (for example, 30 μm) has been proposed as a terahertz wave detector (Ultra-Broadband Terahertz Wave Detection Using Photoconductive
Antenna, Masaaki ASHIDA, Japanese Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 47, No. 10, 2008, pp. 8221-8225). According to the embodiment of the present invention, it can be expected that the size of the basic structure of the element that detects terahertz waves is suppressed to 100 nm or less.

  The present invention can also be applied as an apparatus for analyzing the mechanical properties of bonded nanomaterials. For example, when the spring constant of the bonded nanomaterial is unknown, a specific vibration state of the bonded nanomaterial is excited by the vibration external field. The change in the optical spectrum obtained at this time can be used to analyze the mechanical properties of the bonded nanomaterial, for example, the spring constant of the bonded nanomaterial.

  In addition, the vibration external field should just excite the specific vibration state (phonon) or elastic vibration of joining nanomaterial. Therefore, the vibration external field is not limited to infrared rays including terahertz waves, and may be millimeter waves, submillimeter waves, sound waves, and the like.

  The model in FIG. 1 shows the most basic structure of a nanocomposite applicable to the present invention. However, the structure of the nanocomposite applicable to the present invention is not limited to the structure shown in FIG. For example, a plurality of photoresponsive nanomaterials are arranged radially around one photoresponsive nanomaterial, and the plurality of photoresponsive nanomaterials are connected to a central photoresponsive nanomaterial by a bonding nanomaterial. A nanocomposite having the above structure is also applicable to the present invention. The nanocomposite may be a layered substance.

  The embodiment disclosed this time should be considered as illustrative in all points and not restrictive. The scope of the present invention is defined by the terms of the claims, and is intended to include any modifications within the scope and meaning equivalent to the terms of the claims.

  The present invention is applicable to devices and methods for controlling the transfer of light energy between photoresponsive nanomaterials. Furthermore, the present invention is applicable to an apparatus and method for controlling the wavelength of a light electromagnetic wave transmitted between photoresponsive nanomaterials. For example, the present invention can be used as an optical switching device or an optical filter.

  Furthermore, the present invention is applicable to an apparatus and method for detecting an external vibration field based on the transmission efficiency of light energy between photoresponsive nanomaterials.

1, 2 Nanomaterial (segment), 3 Junction nanomaterial, 4 Substrate, 5,203 Detector, 6 Light, 7 Vibration external field, 10,20 Nanostructure, 100 Computer, 101 Computer body, 102 Bus, 103 Flexible Disk drive, 104 Optical disk drive, 105 Communication interface, 106 Monitor, 107 Keyboard, 108 Mouse, 114 CD-ROM, 121 Memory, 122 Hard disk, 130 Model parameter, 131 Evaluation program, 132 Resonance frequency analysis program, 133 Analysis condition, 134 Analysis parameter, 135 evaluation result, 150 resonance frequency analysis unit, 160 transmission efficiency analysis unit, 162 vibration state simulation unit, 164 initial condition setting unit, 166 polarization calculation unit, 168 evaluation unit, 170 analysis control unit, 200 control device , 201 light source, 202 a substrate fixing portion, 204 vibration out field generation unit, 205 control unit, 206 a cooling apparatus, 250 sensors, S1 to S14, S12A step.

Claims (20)

Providing a nanostructure comprising first and second nanomaterials each having photoresponsiveness, and joining nanomaterials that connect the first and second nanomaterials and have elasticity;
Irradiating the first nanomaterial with light;
Exciting a predetermined vibration mode of the bonded nanomaterial with a vibrating external field;
Controlling the transmission efficiency of light energy from the first nanomaterial to the second nanomaterial by controlling the intensity of the vibration external field. The controlling step includes
2. The method of controlling light energy transfer between nanomaterials according to claim 1, comprising changing the intensity of the vibration external field based on the intensity and frequency of light transmitted to the second nanomaterial. The first nanomaterial is fixed to an optically transparent substrate;
The method of controlling light energy transfer between nanomaterials according to claim 1, wherein the light is evanescent light generated in the vicinity of the surface of the substrate. The nanostructure is an organic molecule,
The method of controlling light energy transfer between nanomaterials according to claim 1, wherein the vibration external field is infrared light. Each of the first and second nanomaterials having photoresponsiveness, and the first nanostructure includes a joining nanomaterial that connects the first and second nanomaterials and has elasticity. A light source that irradiates the nanomaterial with light,
A vibration external field generator for generating a vibration external field for exciting a predetermined vibration mode of the bonding nanomaterial;
An optical energy transfer control device between nanomaterials, comprising: a control unit that controls the transmission efficiency of light energy from the first nanomaterial to the second nanomaterial by controlling the intensity of the vibration external field .   6. The optical energy transfer control device between nanomaterials according to claim 5, wherein the control unit changes the intensity of the vibration external field based on the intensity and frequency of light transmitted to the second nanomaterial. The first nanomaterial is fixed to an optically transparent substrate;
The optical energy transfer control device between nanomaterials according to claim 5, wherein the light source generates evanescent light in the vicinity of the surface of the substrate. The nanostructure is an organic molecule,
The optical energy transfer control device between nanomaterials according to claim 5, wherein the vibration external field is infrared rays. An initial condition of a model of a nanostructure including first and second nanomaterials each having photoresponsiveness and a bonded nanomaterial that connects the first and second nanomaterials and has elasticity is set. And steps to
Simulating a state in which a predetermined vibration mode of the bonding nanomaterial is excited by an external vibration field;
Calculating the polarization of the second nanomaterial caused by irradiating the first nanomaterial with light;
Evaluating the light energy transfer efficiency from the first nanomaterial to the second nanomaterial based on the polarization, and evaluating the light energy transfer efficiency between the nanomaterials. The step of evaluating comprises
The method for evaluating light energy transfer efficiency between nanomaterials according to claim 9, comprising the step of evaluating the transfer efficiency based on a time average maximum value of the absolute value of the polarization. The step of simulating includes changing the amplitude of the bonded nanomaterial;
The step of evaluating comprises
The method of evaluating light energy transfer efficiency between nanomaterials according to claim 10, comprising the step of determining a correlation between the optical frequency corresponding to the maximum value and the amplitude.   The method of evaluating light energy transfer efficiency between nanomaterials according to claim 9, further comprising a step of calculating a resonance frequency of the bonded nanomaterial corresponding to the predetermined vibration mode by quantum chemical calculation. The first nanomaterial is fixed to an optically transparent substrate;
The light energy transfer efficiency evaluation method between nanomaterials according to claim 9, wherein the light irradiated to the first nanomaterial is evanescent light generated in the vicinity of the surface of the substrate. The nanostructure is an organic molecule,
The method according to claim 9, wherein the vibration external field is infrared light. An initial condition of a model of a nanostructure including first and second nanomaterials each having photoresponsiveness and a bonded nanomaterial that connects the first and second nanomaterials and has elasticity is set. An initial condition setting section to
A simulation unit that simulates a state in which a predetermined vibration mode of the bonding nanomaterial is excited by an external vibration field;
A polarization calculating unit that calculates the polarization of the second nanomaterial generated by irradiating the first nanomaterial with light;
An optical energy transfer efficiency evaluation apparatus between nanomaterials, comprising: an evaluation unit that evaluates the transfer efficiency of light energy from the first nanomaterial to the second nanomaterial based on the polarization.   The said evaluation part is a light energy transfer efficiency evaluation apparatus between the nanomaterials of Claim 15 which evaluates the said transfer efficiency based on the maximum value of the time average of the absolute value of the said polarization. The simulation unit changes the amplitude of the bonded nanomaterial,
The optical energy transfer efficiency evaluation device between nanomaterials according to claim 16, wherein the evaluation unit determines a correlation between the optical frequency corresponding to the maximum value and the amplitude.   The optical energy transfer efficiency evaluation device between nanomaterials according to claim 15, further comprising a resonance frequency analysis unit that calculates a resonance frequency of the junction nanomaterial corresponding to the predetermined vibration mode by quantum chemical calculation. The first nanomaterial is fixed to an optically transparent substrate;
The light energy transfer efficiency evaluation apparatus between nanomaterials according to claim 15, wherein the light applied to the first nanomaterial is evanescent light generated in the vicinity of the surface of the substrate. The nanostructure is an organic molecule,
The apparatus for evaluating light energy transfer efficiency between nanomaterials according to claim 15, wherein the vibration external field is infrared rays.