JP2012082684A - Watering structure, watering system using the same, and operation method of watering system - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a watering structure, a watering system using the same, and an operation method of the watering system capable of storing more rainwater, etc. in a water storage section at a lower portion of a water retention block and thereby cooling the same for a long period of time when an external temperature is high.SOLUTION: A watering structure 1 comprises: an underground embedded type water storage unit 3 which has a water storage space 2 inside the same and an opening section at an upper portion thereof to take in water from above; a permeable water retention block 4 which covers the opening section of the water storage unit 3; and a water conducting member 6 to pull the water stored in the water storage space 2 inside the water storage unit 3 up to the water retention block 4. The water storage space 2 of the water storage unit 3 is communicated with external air through a pressure regulation hole 8a.

Description

  The present invention relates to, for example, an irrigation structure used in an irrigation system laid on a road such as a sidewalk, a rooftop of a building, or a park, an irrigation system formed using these irrigation structures, and an operation method of the irrigation system Is.

  Roads such as sidewalks in urban areas, rooftops of buildings, or parts of parks are usually hardened with asphalt or concrete. During summer days when the temperature is high and the reflections are high, the temperature rise in such places is much more severe than the surroundings. Under such circumstances, walking on a sidewalk or spending time on the rooftop of a building is a very difficult situation. In recent years when the global warming phenomenon has become particularly prominent, this heat is dissipated from the asphalt and the rooftop of buildings not only during the daytime but also at nighttime, which is one of the factors that cause the so-called heat island phenomenon. .

In order to alleviate this heat island phenomenon, attempts have been made to plant trees on the side of the road, plant lawns and trees on the roof of buildings, or plant various flowers. Is required.
As a part of this, as shown in Patent Document 1 and Patent Document 2, an irrigation structure in which a container-shaped water retention tank or a water retention tray is installed under a water-permeable pavement block main body (hereinafter simply referred to as a water retention block) having water permeability. Proposed. In the case of this irrigation structure, rainwater and water hitting (hereinafter simply referred to as rainwater) that has permeated through the water retention block are stored in a water retention tank or water retention tray. The water-absorbing means, specifically, a non-woven fabric or other water-conducting member is sucked upward by capillarity and evaporated from the surface of the water-retaining block, and the water-retaining block is cooled by the latent heat of vaporization.
That is, rainwater etc. are stored in a water holding tank or water holding tray at the time of rain, for example, when it becomes fine weather, when the temperature becomes high, etc., cool the water retention block with rainwater etc. stored to ease the heat island phenomenon, That's it.

Japanese Patent No. 2885085 (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 8-85907) JP 2006-124980 A

However, in the case of the irrigation structure for paving disclosed in Patent Document 1 and Patent Document 2, in actual use, the water tank or the water tray is in spite of sufficient rain or water hitting. There was a problem that it was not possible to collect rainwater that sufficiently filled the water storage space. The reason is presumed as follows.
The rain that has fallen immediately penetrates from the surface of the water-retaining block and the joint between adjacent water-retaining blocks toward the inside. At that time, as the permeation progresses, the air in the water storage space in the water holding tank or the water holding tray is compressed, and the internal pressure is increased from the atmospheric pressure. As a result, it is speculated that the increased pressure inside the water storage space exceeds the capillary pressure of rainwater or the like trying to permeate the water retention block by capillary action, and prevents the penetration of rainwater or the like exceeding a certain amount. The
If the material, capillary radius, and thickness of the water retaining block are determined in this way, the amount of water stored in the water retaining tank or the water retaining tray will be determined, and it will be possible to secure a larger amount of water. There is a problem that it is not possible. As a result, even if there is enough rain or water hitting, it is not possible to secure a sufficient amount of water storage in the water retention tank or water retention tray.For example, rainwater can be supplied to the water retention block only for a short period at high temperatures in summer. However, there was a problem that the water-retaining block could not be stably cooled over a long period of time.

  In view of the foregoing problems, the object of the present invention is to provide a irrigation structure that can store more rainwater or the like in the water storage section below the water retention block, and can cool the water retention block over a long period when the outside temperature is high. It is to provide a body, an irrigation system using the irrigation structure, and a method of operating the irrigation system.

  In order to achieve the above object, the irrigation structure described in the reference example includes an underground buried type water storage unit having an internal water storage space and an upper portion for receiving water from above, and the opening of the water storage unit. A water retention block having water permeability that covers a portion, and a water guide member that pumps water stored in the water storage space in the water storage unit toward the water retention block, and the water storage space of the water storage unit Is characterized in that it communicates with the outside air through a pressure adjusting hole.

When the water storage space of the water storage unit is communicated with the outside air (hereinafter referred to as “outside air” in the present invention means the external space holding the atmospheric pressure) through the pressure adjustment hole in this manner, Even if rainwater or the like accumulates and the volume of air in the water storage space changes, the pressure in the water storage space is always maintained at substantially the same value as the atmospheric pressure through the pressure adjustment hole.
For this reason, the pressure in the water storage space does not exceed the capillary pressure of rainwater or the like trying to penetrate the water retention block due to the capillary phenomenon, and a larger amount of water can be secured in the water storage space.
In other words, according to the irrigation structure of the reference example, it is possible to secure a larger amount of water storage in proportion to the amount of rainfall and the amount of water hitting, so even when the outside air temperature is high, the water retaining block can be used for a long period of time. Rainwater or the like can be supplied, and the water retention block can be cooled by the latent heat of evaporation.

  Furthermore, the irrigation structure according to claim 1 of the present invention includes an underground buried type water storage unit having a water storage space inside and an upper portion for receiving water from above, and the opening of the water storage unit. A water storage layer made of a sand cushion layer formed above the top plate, and water stored in a water storage space in the water storage unit is pumped to the water storage layer side. It has a water conveyance member and a water retention block having water permeability placed on the water storage layer, and the water storage space of the water storage unit communicates with the outside air through a pressure adjustment hole. Is.

As described above, since the water storage layer made up of the sand cushion layer is provided between the water storage unit and the water retention block, rainwater can be stored in both the water storage unit and the water storage layer made up of this sand cushion layer. Rainwater etc. can be secured. Therefore, when the outside air is hot, rainwater or the like can be supplied to the water retention block for a longer period of time, and the water retention block can be cooled.
In addition, the water storage space of the water storage unit and the sand cushion layer are held in a breathable state by a top plate having water permeability, specifically, a top plate having a water passage hole penetrating the front and back, and a pressure adjusting hole. Because the water storage space communicates with the outside air through the reservoir, even if rainwater or the like accumulates in the water storage space, the pressure in the water storage space or the water reservoir composed of the sand cushion layer (hereinafter simply referred to as the water reservoir) is always atmospheric pressure. It is held at about the same value.
Therefore, a sufficient amount of water can be secured in the water storage space and the water reservoir in the water storage unit. As a result, when the outside air temperature is high, rainwater or the like can be supplied to the water retention block over a long period of time, and the water retention block can be continuously cooled by the latent heat of evaporation.

  The irrigation structure according to claim 1 further includes a water collecting member that drops water that has permeated the inside of the water storage layer including the water retention block and the sand cushion layer into the water storage space in the water storage unit. It is a feature.

In this irrigation structure, for example, a water collecting member that protrudes toward the water storage space is provided so as to directly or indirectly contact the lower surface of the water retention block or the water storage layer. Therefore, rainwater or the like that penetrates the water retaining block and the water reservoir and reaches the lower portion of the water reservoir is collected in this water collecting member and dripped from the water collecting member into the water storage space. That is, compared with the case where such a water collecting member does not exist on the lower surface of the water reservoir, the gravity potential of the water inside the water collecting member is lowered, and rainwater or the like can be stored in the water storage space more efficiently. That is, rain water or the like that has fallen on the water retention block can be efficiently stored in the water storage space.
In addition, since the water storage space of the water storage unit communicates with the outside air through the pressure adjustment hole, even if rainwater or the like accumulates in the water storage space and the air volume of the water storage space changes, the pressure of the water storage space remains It is maintained at substantially the same value as the atmospheric pressure through the pressure adjustment hole.
For this reason, the pressure in the water storage space or the water reservoir does not exceed the capillary pressure of rainwater or the like trying to permeate the water retention block due to the capillary phenomenon, and a large amount of water can be secured in the water storage space or the water reservoir. Therefore, even when the outside air temperature is high, rainwater or the like can be supplied to the water retention block over a long period of time, and the water retention block can be cooled by the latent heat of evaporation.

The irrigation structure according to claim 2 is characterized in that, in the irrigation structure according to claim 1, one opening end of the pressure adjusting hole is open to an upper region of the water storage space of the water storage unit. To do.
Thus, if one open end of the pressure adjusting hole is opened to the upper area of the water storage space of the water storage unit, even if rainwater or the like is stored in the lower part of the water storage space, the upper part of the water storage space is still an air layer. Yes. Therefore, it is possible to continue maintaining communication with outside air in the air layer portion. As a result, the inside of the reservoir can be maintained at atmospheric pressure for a long time, and the pressure of the reservoir space exceeds the capillary pressure of rainwater or the like that is trying to penetrate the water-retaining block or reservoir by capillary action. Can be prevented and more water can be secured in the reservoir. Therefore, even when the outside air temperature is high, rainwater or the like can be supplied to the water retention block over a long period of time, and the water retention block can be cooled by the latent heat of evaporation.

  Furthermore, the irrigation structure according to claim 2 is the irrigation structure according to claim 1, wherein one opening end of the pressure adjusting hole is opened in an upper region of the water storage space of the water storage unit, and the other opening is provided. The end is open to the upper surface of the water-retaining block. The irrigation structure according to claim 2 is the irrigation structure according to claim 2, wherein one opening end of the pressure adjusting hole is open to an upper region of the water storage space of the water storage unit, and the other opening is provided. The end is open to the outside of the side wall of the water storage unit.

Thus, if one opening end of the pressure adjusting hole is opened to the upper region of the water storage space of the water storage unit, the other opening end is opened to the upper surface of the water retention block or also to the outside of the side wall of the water storage unit. In the case of the former, the atmosphere on the water retention block and the water storage space of the water storage unit can be communicated easily and reliably. In the case of the latter, for example, a side groove or the like is running beside the water storage unit. For example, there is an advantage that the atmosphere in the gutter and the water storage space can be communicated with each other with a simple structure.
As a result, the pressure can always be easily maintained at atmospheric pressure, and it can be avoided that the pressure of the water storage space exceeds the capillary pressure of rainwater or the like that is trying to penetrate the water retention block or the water storage layer by capillary action, A sufficient amount of water can be stored in the reservoir. Therefore, rainwater or the like can be supplied to the water retention block over a long period of time with this sufficient water storage amount, and the water retention block can be cooled by the latent heat of evaporation.

Furthermore, the irrigation structure according to claim 1 is characterized in that the top plate is covered with a sandproof sheet having water permeability.
If the top plate is covered with a water-permeable sandproof sheet, for example, a non-woven sheet, sand or the like is mixed into the water storage space of the water storage unit from the water storage layer side consisting of the sand cushion layer, and the water storage space is changed over time. It is possible to avoid the problem of filling or narrowing.
As a result, the effect by the irrigation structure mentioned above can be maintained over a longer period.

The irrigation structure according to claim 3 is an underground buried type ventilation unit having a space inside and having a water permeability at an upper part thereof, a water storage layer formed of a sand cushion layer formed on the ventilation unit, and the water storage And a water retaining block having water permeability placed on the layer, and the space of the ventilation unit communicates with the outside air through a pressure adjusting hole.
In this way, the lower part of the irrigation structure is provided with a ventilation unit that communicates with the outside air through the pressure adjustment hole, and the upper part of the ventilation unit is water permeable, that is, has air permeability, so that the water storage layer and the ventilation state are maintained. With this simple structure, the pressure in the reservoir can be maintained at almost the same value as the atmospheric pressure.
Therefore, since the pressure in the ventilation unit does not exceed the capillary pressure of rainwater or the like that permeates the water retention block due to the capillary phenomenon, more rainwater or the like can be stored in the reservoir than in the past. .
In other words, since a larger amount of water can be secured in proportion to the amount of rainfall, when the outside air temperature is high, rainwater or the like can be supplied to the water retention block for a longer period of time, and the water retention capacity can be maintained by the latent heat of evaporation. The block can be cooled.

  In addition, the irrigation structure according to claim 4 is the irrigation structure according to claim 3, wherein one open end of the pressure adjusting hole is opened in an upper region of the space of the ventilation unit, and the other open end. The irrigation structure according to claim 4 is the irrigation structure according to claim 3, wherein one opening of the pressure adjustment hole is provided. The end is opened in the upper region of the space of the ventilation unit, and the other opening end is opened outside the side wall of the ventilation unit.

Thus, if one opening end of the pressure adjusting hole is opened in the upper region of the space of the ventilation unit, and the other opening end is opened on the upper surface of the water retaining block or also outside the side wall of the ventilation unit, In the former case, the atmosphere on the water retaining block and the space in the ventilation unit can be easily communicated. In the latter case, for example, if a side groove or the like runs on the side of the ventilation unit, the atmosphere in the side groove It can communicate with a simple structure.
That is, with a very simple structure, the space in the ventilation unit and the water reservoir can be maintained at atmospheric pressure for a long period of time, and more rainwater and the like can be stored efficiently in the water reservoir.

In addition, the irrigation structure described in the reference example includes a water storage layer composed of a sand cushion layer, a water retaining block having water permeability placed on the water storage layer, and a pipe wall formed in a lower region of the water storage layer. A ventilation unit comprising a ventilation pipe having a plurality of ventilation holes, wherein the ventilation pipe of the ventilation unit is covered with a sandproof sheet having water permeability and communicates with the outside air. To do.
The ventilation pipe here means a pipe having a plurality of ventilation holes having an inner diameter of 5 mm or more on the pipe wall surface, for example.
If a ventilation unit made of a ventilation pipe is formed in the lower part of the water storage layer in this way, the water storage layer made up of the sand cushion layer communicates with the outside air through the ventilation pipe. It can be maintained at approximately the same pressure.
As a result, the pressure in the reservoir does not exceed the capillary pressure of rainwater or the like that has penetrated the water retention block due to the capillary phenomenon, and the amount of water stored in the reservoir can be increased in proportion to the passage of time. It becomes possible.
In this way, it is possible to secure a larger amount of water storage in the reservoir in proportion to the amount of rainfall and the amount of water hitting, so when the outside temperature is high, rainwater etc. can be supplied to the water retention block over a long period of time, The water retention block can be continuously cooled by the latent heat of vaporization.

The irrigation structure described in the reference example is characterized in that the ventilation pipe is covered with a sandproof sheet having water permeability.
In this way, if the ventilation pipe is covered with a sandproof sheet having water permeability (breathability), for example, a non-woven fabric sheet, sand or the like is removed from the water storage layer side consisting of a sand cushion layer around the ventilation pipe. It is possible to avoid the occurrence of problems such as mixing into the ventilation pipe from a plurality of ventilation holes formed in the wall or blocking the ventilation holes themselves.
As a result, the effect of the irrigation structure described above can be maintained for a longer period of time.

Further, the irrigation system according to claim 5 lays out a plurality of the irrigation structures according to any one of claims 1 to 2 adjacent to each other in a hole having a predetermined depth. The water storage spaces of the water storage units are communicated with each other.
For example, when an irrigation system is formed on a sidewalk, a hole is formed by digging a predetermined depth below the sidewalk, and a bottom surface of the hole is subjected to an uneven surface, and then either of the above-mentioned claims 1 to 2 A plurality of the irrigation structures described in 1) are laid while being adjacent to each other. At this time, if the water storage spaces of adjacent water storage units are connected to each other by, for example, a pressure adjusting pipe between adjacent water storage units and are in communication with each other, the pressure in the water storage space of each water storage unit can be more reliably set to atmospheric pressure. It becomes possible to hold.
As a result, the pressure of the water storage space does not exceed the capillary pressure of rainwater or the like that is trying to penetrate the water retention block by the capillary phenomenon, and a larger amount of water storage can be secured in proportion to the amount of rainfall. Therefore, even when the outside air temperature is high, rainwater or the like can be continuously supplied to the water retention block over a long period of time, and the water retention block can be continuously cooled by the latent heat of evaporation.

Further, in the irrigation system according to claim 6, a plurality of the irrigation structures according to any one of claims 3 to 4 are installed adjacent to each other in a hole having a predetermined depth, and the irrigation structures adjacent to each other are arranged. The spaces of the ventilation unit are communicated with each other by a pressure adjusting pipe.
For example, when forming an irrigation system on a sidewalk using the irrigation structure according to any one of claims 3 to 4, a hole is formed by digging a predetermined depth under the sidewalk to form a bottom surface of the hole. After performing a non-landing treatment, a plurality of irrigation structures according to any one of claims 3 to 4 are laid while being adjacent to each other. At this time, if the spaces of the ventilation units located below the adjacent irrigation structures are connected to each other using, for example, the pressure adjustment pipes between adjacent ventilation units, the irrigation structures are more reliably connected. It becomes possible to maintain the pressure in the space in the ventilation unit at atmospheric pressure.
As a result, the pressure in the space of the ventilation unit and the pressure in the reservoir do not exceed the capillary pressure of rainwater or the like trying to penetrate the water retention block by capillary action, and the pressure is increased in proportion to the amount of rainfall and the amount of water hitting. It is possible to secure the amount of water stored in the reservoir. Therefore, even when the outside air temperature is high, rainwater or the like can be supplied to the water retention block over a long period of time, and the water retention block can be continuously cooled by the latent heat of evaporation.

  In addition, in the meaning of “connecting the ventilation pipes of adjacent irrigation structures to each other” here, a ventilation pipe common to each irrigation structure is installed throughout the hole dug in the sidewalk. It also includes those in which a water storage layer made of a sand cushion layer or a water retention block is laid.

The irrigation system according to claim 7 is the irrigation system in which a plurality of the irrigation structures according to any one of claims 1 to 2 are installed adjacent to each other in a hole having a predetermined depth. The amount of water penetrating the whole per unit time is larger than the amount of water penetrating the entire joint portion provided between the irrigation structures per unit time.
In this way, the amount of water that permeates the entire water collecting member per unit time is larger than the amount of water that permeates the entire joint portion provided between the irrigation structures per unit time. If the material, size, shape, or material of the joint is selected, it will permeate from the joint formed by filling the gaps between the irrigation structures with sand etc. The amount of rainwater that escapes can be reduced, and rainwater can be efficiently stored in the water storage space of the water storage unit. Therefore, even when the outside air temperature is high, rainwater or the like can be continuously supplied to the water retention block over a long period of time, and the water retention block can be continuously cooled by the latent heat of evaporation.

An operation method of the irrigation system according to claim 8 is an operation method of the irrigation system in which a plurality of the irrigation structures according to any one of claims 1 to 4 are installed adjacent to each other in a hole having a predetermined depth. In the period when the irrigation system is not operated, the other opening end opened on the upper surface of the water retention block, the other opening end opened outside the side wall of the water storage unit, and the ventilation unit The other opening end that opens to the outside of the side wall of the first and the opening ends that communicate with the outside air of the ventilation pipe of the ventilation unit are closed by a closing member.
For example, it is unlikely to use this type of irrigation system in winter. In such a case, the other opening end of the pressure adjusting hole, that is, the opening end opened on the upper surface of the water retention block, the opening end opened outside the side wall of the water storage unit, and the side wall of the ventilation unit If the opening end that opens to the outside and the opening end that communicates with the outside air of the ventilation pipe of the ventilation unit remain open, for example, the inside of the water storage space of the water storage unit is in communication with the atmosphere. Etc. continue to penetrate and the irrigation system works. In addition, unnecessary dust tends to enter the opening end.
Therefore, the external opening ends of these pressure adjusting holes are closed with a closing member such as a lid such as a rubber plug. In this way, for example, since the interior of the water storage space is not communicated with the atmosphere, it is possible to prevent infiltration of rainwater or the like and stop the supply of water to the irrigation system. Further, it is preferable because it is easy to avoid the problem that the original purpose cannot be achieved when the operation of the irrigation system is resumed in the summer due to clogging of the opening end opened outside the pressure adjustment hole.

  As described above, according to the present invention, a irrigation structure that can store more rainwater or the like in the water storage section below the water retention block and can cool the water retention block over a long period when the outside air temperature is high. And an irrigation system using the irrigation structure can be provided.

It is a schematic sectional drawing which shows the example of embodiment of the irrigation structure of the reference example invention 1. It is a schematic sectional drawing which shows the embodiment example of the irrigation structure of the reference example invention 2. FIG. It is a schematic sectional drawing which shows the embodiment example of the irrigation structure of the reference example invention 3. It is a schematic sectional drawing which shows the embodiment example of the irrigation structure of the reference example invention 4. It is a schematic sectional drawing which shows the embodiment example of the irrigation structure of the reference example invention 5. It is a schematic sectional drawing which shows the example of 1st embodiment of the irrigation structure of this invention. It is a top view which shows an example of the top plate which concerns on FIG. It is a schematic sectional drawing which shows the example of 2nd embodiment of the irrigation structure of this invention. FIG. 9A is a plan view and FIG. 9B is an AA cross-sectional view of another embodiment of the top plate according to the present invention. It is a schematic sectional drawing which shows the example of 3rd embodiment of the irrigation structure of this invention. FIG. 11 (a) is a schematic sectional view, and FIG. 11 (b) is a sectional view taken along the line BB of FIG. 11 (a). The 4th embodiment of this invention is shown and it is a partially expanded sectional view which shows the part of the pressure adjustment hole currently formed in the water retention block. FIG. 13 (a) shows a fifth embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 13 (a) shows a state in which rainwater or the like in the water storage space is reduced and the floating lid is lowered to close the pressure adjustment hole. ) Shows a state where the amount of water such as rainwater in the water storage space increases, the lid is lifted, and a gap is formed between the pressure adjustment hole. FIG. 14 is a partially enlarged cross-sectional view of a pressure adjustment hole portion showing a sixth embodiment of the irrigation structure of the present invention, which relates to the improved irrigation structure shown in FIG. 13 according to the present invention. It is a partial expanded sectional view of the water retention block 4 which shows the example of 7th embodiment of this invention. It is a schematic sectional drawing which shows the example of 1st embodiment of the irrigation system of this invention. It is a schematic sectional drawing which shows the example of 2nd embodiment of the irrigation system of this invention.

Embodiments of a reference example and an irrigation structure of the present invention and an irrigation system using the irrigation structure will be described below in detail with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 1 is a schematic sectional view showing an embodiment of the irrigation structure of Reference Example Invention 1. FIG. As shown in FIG. 1, this irrigation structure 1 includes an underground storage type water storage unit 3 having a water storage space 2 inside and having an opening at the top, an interblock pavement that covers the opening of the water storage unit 3, etc. Water-retaining block 4 (hereinafter simply referred to as “water-retaining block 4”) and rain water 5 stored in the water-reserving space 2 to the water-retaining block 4 side using capillary action. And a water-conducting member 6 for pumping water.
Here, the opening of the water storage unit 3 is provided for receiving water from above, that is, an opening for receiving rainwater or the like dripping from the water retaining block, the lower surface of the top plate to be described later, or the lower end of the water collecting member. It is an opening.
Reference numeral 7 denotes a reinforcing plate that is integrally formed with the water storage unit 3 or connected with an adhesive or the like when it is desired to give the water storage unit 3 more mechanical strength. By the way, in FIG. 1, it seems that the water storage space 2 is partitioned into a plurality of places by this reinforcing plate 7, but in reality, each reinforcing plate 7 has an opening or a notch of an appropriate size, The rainwater 5 or the like that is stored is movable throughout the water storage space 2.

The water storage unit 3 is preferably a plastic molded body, but may be a metal, a ceramic, a composite of metal and plastic, or a composite of metal and ceramic. Particularly preferred is polypropylene, and a recycled polypropylene product is optimal from the viewpoint of environmental protection.
Further, as the water-conducting member 6, a non-woven fabric is generally used. However, other than this, for example, a molded body (porous body) obtained by molding glass powder or ceramic powder into a tubular or columnar shape may be used. Alternatively, a pipe made of plastic or metal may be filled with glass powder or ceramic powder. If pipes made of plastic or metal are used in this way, these pipes also serve as a reinforcing body, which is preferable.
Incidentally, in FIG. 1, two water-conducting members 6 are mounted in one water storage unit 3, but actually, the amount of water pumped to the water-retaining block 4 of the water-conducting member 6 is from the water-retaining block 4. The number, size, etc. are determined so as to be equal to or greater than the evaporation amount of rainwater or the like that evaporates into the atmosphere.

  The greatest feature of the irrigation structure 1 of the present invention shown in FIG. 1 is that the pressure is open at one end to the upper region of the water storage space 2 of the water storage unit 3 and at the other end to the upper surface of the water retention block 4. The adjustment hole 8a is provided so as to penetrate the water retaining block 4 vertically. The inner diameter of the pressure adjusting hole 8a is preferably 5 mm or more. This is because the size of the raindrops is about 5 mm or less. If this inner diameter is too small, the surface of the pressure adjusting hole 8a is easily blocked by the surface tension of water, the outside air that is the purpose of the pressure adjusting hole 8a, that is, the atmosphere and the water storage space 2 are connected, and the pressure in the water storage space 2 This is because it is impossible to achieve the purpose of making the pressure always equal to the atmospheric pressure.

As described above, if the water retaining block 4 is provided with the pressure adjusting hole 8a for communicating the water storage space 2 of the water storage unit 3 and the outside air, rainwater or the like accumulates in the water storage space 2 of the water storage unit 3, Even if the volume of air changes, the internal pressure of the water storage space 2 is always maintained at substantially the same value as the atmospheric pressure through the pressure adjustment hole 8a.
For this reason, the internal pressure of the water storage space 2 does not exceed the capillary pressure of rainwater or the like penetrating the water retaining block 4 by the capillary phenomenon. As a result, when a certain amount of rainwater or the like is stored in the water storage space 2 as in the prior art, the internal pressure in the water storage space 2 increases, and thereafter rainwater does not permeate from the water retention block 4 side, and the water storage space It is possible to solve the problem that sufficient rainwater or the like cannot be stored.
Therefore, according to this irrigation structure 1, a larger amount of water storage can be ensured approximately in proportion to the amount of rainfall. Therefore, even when the outside air temperature is high, rainwater or the like is added to the water retention block 4 over a long period of time. Can be stably supplied, and the water retaining block 4 can be continuously cooled by the latent heat of vaporization.

By the way, it is preferable that the opening end of the pressure adjusting hole 8a on the water storage space 2 side is provided in the uppermost region of the water storage space 2 as much as possible.
The reason for this is that when it is provided in the lower region, the opening end is submerged in rainwater 5 that accumulates in the water storage space 2 at an early stage, and the portion of the water in the water storage space 2 no longer remains and the outside air (atmosphere) is connected. This is because the internal pressure in the space 2 cannot be made equal to the atmospheric pressure. That is, when the open end of the pressure adjusting hole 8a on the side of the water storage space 2 is submerged, the function of adjusting the internal pressure in the water storage space 2 is lost, and rainwater or the like no longer permeates from the water retention block 4 side to the water storage space 2. End up.
By the way, when dust enters from the opening end of the pressure adjustment hole 8a formed on the upper surface of the water retention block 4, the pressure adjustment hole 8a is closed to lose the internal pressure adjustment function in the water storage space 2, or the water storage space 2 There is a risk of narrowing the volume. Therefore, it is also effective to cover the open end with a so-called air-permeable lid 13 made of a wire mesh if necessary. Further, it is preferable that the end of the lid 13 does not protrude from the upper surface of the water-retaining block 4 because it does not obstruct the pedestrian and therefore is less likely to break itself.

FIG. 2 is a schematic sectional view showing an embodiment of the irrigation structure of Reference Example Invention 2. In the drawings described below including FIG. 2, the same components as those already described in the above-described drawings are denoted by the same reference numerals, and detailed description thereof will be omitted.
The irrigation structure 1 shown in FIG. 2 is characterized in that a pipe is passed through one side wall of the water storage unit 3 and a pressure adjustment hole 8b is formed. Incidentally, in this case, the side groove 9 is installed on the side of the irrigation structure 1, and the opening end of the pressure adjusting hole 8b on the side groove side is formed above the central portion of the side groove 9. . In FIG. 2, reference numeral 10 denotes a lid that covers the upper opening of the side groove 9.
In FIG. 2, one end of the pressure adjusting hole 8 b opens in the upper region of the side groove 9. However, in order to prevent the opening from being blocked by rainwater 5 flowing in the side groove 9, It is preferable to make it open. Incidentally, when one of the opening ends of the pressure adjusting hole 8b is submerged, the pressure adjusting hole 8b loses the function of making the internal pressure of the water storage space 2 the same as the atmosphere.

Moreover, in the irrigation structure 1 shown in FIG. 2, in order to more reliably exhibit the function of making the pressure in the water storage space 2 of the water storage unit 3 equal to the atmospheric pressure, the water retaining block 4 shown in FIG. The pressure adjusting hole 8a can also be formed.
In addition, in FIG. 2, for example, if a pressure adjusting pipe 8 c between adjacent water storage units is provided on the right side of the water storage space 2 of the water storage unit 3, the irrigation structure 1 is adjacent to the water storage unit 3 as indicated by the one-dot chain line. If the pressure adjustment pipe 8c between the adjacent water storage units is connected to the water storage space 2 with respect to the water storage unit 3 of the adjacent irrigation structure 1 when the irrigation system is laid, There is also an advantage that the pressure of the water storage space 2 can be adjusted more reliably.
In FIG. 2, reference numeral 11 indicates a roadbed in which a hole having a predetermined depth is dug in a sidewalk or the like to lay the irrigation structure 1 and, if necessary, non-landing treatment is performed.

FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an embodiment of the irrigation structure of Reference Example Invention 3.
The one shown in FIG. 3 is similar to that shown in FIG. 2, but the difference is that the pipe for forming the pressure adjusting hole 8b penetrates the road stone 12 installed between the roadway and the sidewalk. One end is opened to the outside air on the roadway side. Also in this case, in order to ensure the function of making the pressure in the water storage space 2 of the water storage unit 3 equal to the atmospheric pressure, the pressure adjustment hole 8a (FIG. 3) formed in the water retention block 4 shown in FIG. (Not shown) and the pressure adjusting pipe 8c between the adjacent water storage units can be formed together.

FIG. 4 is a schematic sectional view showing an embodiment of the irrigation structure of Reference Example Invention 4.
The irrigation structure 1 shown in FIG. 4 is characterized in that, for example, a cylindrical or prismatic protrusion-shaped water collecting member 15 is provided on the lower surface of the water-retaining block 4 and the tip thereof faces the water storage space 2 of the water storage unit 3. For example, it is fixed with an adhesive or a screw so as to protrude. By the way, the water collecting member 15 is not limited to the one directly fixed to the lower surface of the water retention block 4, and for example, contacts the lower surface of the water retention block 4 via a fixing mechanism provided on the reinforcing plate 7 of the water storage unit 3. It may be attached to.

The protruding water collecting member 15 shown in FIG. 4 is, for example, a molded body having water permeability formed by molding quartz powder, and is a porous body having a capillary radius of 50 μm and a length of 10 mm. Of course, other materials and shapes may be used. Specifically, a plastic or metal pipe may be used as a reinforcing body and covered with the quartz powder molded body.
If such a water collecting member 15 is provided on the lower surface of the water retaining block 4, rainwater or the like that has permeated the water retaining block 4 and hangs down is efficiently collected in the water collecting member 15.
Incidentally, in FIG. 4, when the water retaining block 4 and the protruding water collecting member 15 are viewed as one body, the gravity potential of water inside the protruding water collecting member 15 becomes the lowest, and the water retaining block 4 is Rainwater and the like that have permeated can be dripped into the water storage space 2 earlier, and rainwater and the like can be stored in the water storage space 2 at a higher speed.

Incidentally, as shown in FIG. 4, the water collecting member 15 is mounted on the lower surface of the water retention block 4, and there is no pressure adjustment hole 8b or pressure adjustment pipe 8c between adjacent water storage units, and only the pressure adjustment hole 8a is provided in the water retention block 4. In the case where the pressure adjustment holes 8a and 8b and the pressure adjustment pipe 8c between the adjacent water storage units are not provided at all, the height of rainwater or the like accumulated in the water storage space 2 of the water storage unit 3, that is, the amount of water storage was compared. Incidentally, the water collecting member 15 used is a water-permeable molded body obtained by molding quartz powder as described above, and is a porous body having a capillary radius of 50 μm and a length of 10 mm. Moreover, the depth of the water storage space 2 is 160 mm. The temperature atmosphere in the comparative experiment was 20 ° C. In the initial state, there is no water in the water storage space 2, and the internal pressure is 1 atmosphere equal to the atmospheric pressure.
In this state, water was started to be poured on the water retaining block 4. As a result, the water that permeated the water retention block 4 gathered in the water collecting member 15 mounted on the lower surface of the water retention block 4 and began to drip from the tip of the water retention member 2 into the water storage space 2.

In the irrigation structure in which none of the pressure adjusting holes 8a, 8b and the pressure adjusting pipe 8c between adjacent water storage units is formed, the water level is no longer present when the height of the water in the water storage space 2 is about 1 mm. There was no further rise. In other words, no more water accumulated in the water storage space 2 even though the water retention block 4 was continuously poured. It is presumed that this is because the air in the water storage space 2 is gradually compressed in proportion to the increase in the volume of water accumulated, and the internal pressure of the water storage space 2 is increased.
As a result, the increased air pressure inside the water storage space 2 exceeds the capillary pressure of water penetrating the water retaining block 4 by capillary action from the middle of the experiment. In this experiment, It is thought that it collected only to the height of only about 1 mm.
On the other hand, in the irrigation structure 1 of the present invention in which only the pressure adjusting hole 8a is formed in FIG. 4, the pressure of the air in the water storage space 2 is always kept equal to the atmospheric pressure by the pressure adjusting hole 8a. Therefore, water could be stored up to a height of about 160 mm near the end of the opening end of the pressure adjusting hole 8a on the water storage space 2 side.

The irrigation structure shown in FIG. 5 is a schematic sectional view showing an embodiment of the irrigation structure of Reference Example Invention 5. The irrigation structure 1 shown in FIG. 5 is characterized in that the water collecting member 15 has a conical shape or a pyramid shape, and its tip is pointed toward the water storage space 2.
Therefore, rainwater or the like is more likely to gather at the tip. As a result, rainwater or the like that has permeated through the water retaining block 4 can be dripped into the water storage space 2 more quickly, and can be stored in the water storage space 2 at a higher speed.

FIG. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a first embodiment of the irrigation structure of the present invention.
The irrigation structure 1 shown in FIG. 6 is characterized in that a top plate 16 and a water storage layer 18 composed of a sand cushion layer are interposed between the water storage unit 3 and the water retention block 4 described so far.
Specifically, as shown in FIG. 7, the opening at the top of the water storage unit 3 is covered with a flat top plate 16 having one or a plurality of water passage holes 19 penetrating the front and back, and if necessary, The plate 16 is covered with a slightly thick sandproof sheet 17 having a water permeability (breathability) made of, for example, a nonwoven fabric having a thickness of about 1 mm, and the water storage layer 18 made of a sand cushion layer on the sandproof sheet 17, that is, A water reservoir 18 made of sand or gravel is provided, and a water retaining block 4 is further placed thereon.
FIG. 7 is a plan view showing an example of the top plate 16. On the top surface of the top plate 16, it is also effective to incline and incline the water holes 19 so that rainwater and the like easily gather from the surroundings.

In this example as well, the water storage space 2 and the outside air (atmosphere) of the water storage unit 3 at the lower part of the irrigation structure 1 are connected by a pipe that penetrates the water retention block 4, the water storage layer 18, the sandproof sheet 17 and the top plate 16. By connecting the formed pressure adjusting holes 8a, the internal pressure of the water storage space 2 is always substantially equal to the atmospheric pressure.
The opening end of the pressure adjusting hole 8 a on the water storage space 2 side is formed so as to open to the upper region of the water storage space 2.

Here, as the top plate 16, for example, a plastic molded body having a water passage hole 19 as shown in FIG. 7 is suitable, but it is made of metal, ceramic or a composite of metal and plastic, metal and ceramics. It may be a complex of Particularly preferred is polypropylene, and a recycled product is also preferred from the viewpoint of environmental protection.
In addition to the one having the water passage hole 19, for example, any porous and water-permeable material can be used. Specifically, a water-permeable plastic molded body can also be used.

One of the roles of the top plate 16 is to support the weight of the water storage layer 18 and the water retaining block 4 located at the upper part, for example, to prevent the water storage layer 18 from drooping to the water storage space 2 side of the water storage unit 3. belongs to.
In addition, a sandproof sheet 17 having water permeability is covered on the top plate 16 as necessary. One of the roles of the sandproof sheet 17 is sand and gravel from the reservoir 18 side in the water storage space 2 of the water storage unit 3. However, the main purpose is to prevent the joints between the top plates 16 from passing through. Therefore, when the gap between the top plates 16 spread out is smaller than the particle size of sand or the like constituting the water storage layer 18, it is not necessary to dare to cover the top plate 16 with the sandproof sheet 17.
Another role of the top plate 16 and the sandproof sheet 17 is not to impede the air permeability between the water storage space 2 and the water storage layer 18 or the water retaining block 4. Therefore, it is necessary to select a material having water permeability (including naturally air permeability) for the top plate 16 and the sandproof sheet 17, or to provide a plurality of holes in each to ensure air permeability. Both of them may be made of other materials regardless of the materials described above, as long as they can perform the respective roles.

FIG. 8 is a schematic sectional view showing a second embodiment of the irrigation structure of the present invention. The feature of this embodiment is that each of the water storage spaces 2 between the adjacent irrigation structures 1 indicated by the alternate long and short dash line in consideration of the case where an irrigation system is formed using the irrigation structure 1 shown in FIG. The pressure adjusting pipes 8c between adjacent water storage units that communicate with each other are provided on the left and right sides of the water storage space 2 so that the opening ends thereof open in the upper region of the water storage space 2. Needless to say, when the irrigation structure 1 is in the shape of a square or rectangular box, the pressure adjusting pipe 8c between adjacent water storage units may be provided for each side.
By the way, when the irrigation system is formed on the sidewalk, if the sidewalk is dug down by several tens of centimeters and the bottom surface (roadbed) is flattened by flattening, the irrigation structure 1 shown in FIG. A plurality of the irrigation structures 1 may be connected to each other by connecting the water storage spaces 2 between the irrigation structures 1 by the pressure adjusting pipe 8c between the adjacent water storage units.
Of course, it goes without saying that the irrigation system may be configured by arranging a plurality of the irrigation structures 1 shown in FIG. 6 adjacent to each other without the pressure adjustment pipe 8c between the adjacent water storage units only by the pressure adjustment holes 8a.

By the way, even in the irrigation structure 1 shown in FIGS. 6 and 8, the water collecting member 15 is mounted directly on the lower surface of the top plate 16 or indirectly through a fixing mechanism mounted on the reinforcing plate 7 of the water storage unit 3. You may make it do. In this way, water collection efficiency can be increased.
Specifically, as shown in FIG. 9 (a), the upper portion of the water flow hole 19 of the top plate 16 is formed as a counterbore with a step, and as shown in FIG. The water collecting member 15 and the water-conducting member 6 can also be mounted so that the tip diameter portion is hooked in the counterbore hole. Incidentally, the lower end of the water conveyance member 6 is mounted so as to be in contact with the bottom surface of the water storage space 2 of the water storage unit 3. The reason for this is to make it possible to efficiently pump rainwater or the like stored in the water storage space 2 to the end.

By the way, the water-conducting member 6 and the water collecting member 15 are more preferably provided with a reinforcing body covered with a plastic or metal pipe, and in particular, the tip of the pipe is hooked on a spotted portion of the water passage hole 19. If it becomes the structure which can be used, this can be made into a fixing mechanism and the water-conducting member 6 and the water collecting member 15 can be easily attached to the top plate 16. When the water guide member 6 or the water collecting member 15 is mounted in the water passage hole 19 of the top plate 16, the tip of the water guide member 6 or the water collecting member 15 is attached to the sandproof sheet when the sandproof sheet 17 is provided. When the sandproof sheet 17 is not provided on the lower surface of 17, it is desirable to attach the lower surface of the water reservoir 18 so as to be in contact therewith. If it does in this way, the water collection efficiency of the water collection member 15 can be raised, and the pumping efficiency of the water conveyance member 6 can be raised, and it is preferable.
FIG. 9A is a plan view showing another embodiment of the top board 16 different from FIG. 7, and FIG. 9B is a cross-sectional view taken along the line AA.

FIG. 10 is a schematic sectional view showing a third embodiment of the irrigation structure of the present invention. The feature of the third embodiment is different from the irrigation structure 1 shown in FIG. 8 in that the lower part of the irrigation structure 1 has a material or structure in which the upper part has water permeability (breathability) instead of the water storage unit 3. The ventilation unit 20 is installed.
In this example, the ventilation unit 20 is composed of a box-shaped block 21 and a top plate 16 having a ventilation hole 19 as shown in FIG. Reference numeral 22 denotes a reinforcing plate provided as needed inside the block 21 as necessary.
In this connection, the reinforcing plate 22 has water permeability, or has an opening portion that holds the space on both sides of the reinforcing plate 22 in a ventilated state, or has a characteristic or structure.

By the way, in this ventilation unit 20, at least the top plate 16 is made of a material having water permeability, or has air permeability through a water passage hole 19 like the top plate 16 shown in FIG. It is necessary. Preferably, the entire block 21 including the bottom portion has water permeability (breathability), and penetrates and dripped from the water storage layer 18 formed of the sand cushion layer through the sandproof sheet 17 and the top plate 16. Even when rainwater or the like is temporarily stored, it is preferable to allow the temporarily stored rainwater or the like to permeate from the bottom surface to the roadbed 11 to escape. The reason is that if rainwater or the like accumulates in the block 21, there is a high risk that a pressure adjusting hole 8b or the like to be described later will be submerged.
Needless to say, the basic role of the ventilation unit 20 is that the space in the ventilation unit 20 and the water storage layer 18 are provided via a top plate 16 having water permeability and a sand-proof sheet 17 covered on the top plate 16 as necessary. A ventilation state (communication state) is created between the internal pressure and the internal pressure of the space in the ventilation unit 20 and the water reservoir 18 is substantially equal to the atmospheric pressure. Therefore, the inside of the ventilation unit 20 and the outside air are connected by either one or both of the pressure adjustment hole 8a and the pressure adjustment hole 8b leading to the side groove 9.
The ventilation unit 20 preferably has a shape in which the block 21 and the top plate 16 are integrated. Specifically, a water-permeable concrete block or the like that is commercially available for construction can also be used. .

  It should be noted that the pressure adjustment holes 8 a and the pressure adjustment holes 8 b opened in the ventilation unit 20 are also preferably provided in the uppermost region of the internal space of the ventilation unit 20 as much as possible. The reason is that there is a possibility that rainwater or the like may be accumulated in the ventilation unit 20 temporarily as described above. Therefore, it is preferable to provide the opening end in the upper region of the internal space of the ventilation unit 20 as much as possible so that the opening end is not submerged. When the irrigation system is configured by arranging a plurality of the irrigation structures 1 as indicated by the alternate long and short dash line, the pressure adjustment pipe 8d between the adjacent irrigation units is in a state of ventilation with the ventilation units 20 of the adjacent irrigation structures 1. It is provided as necessary to ensure.

11 shows an embodiment of the irrigation structure of Reference Example Invention 6, FIG. 11 (a) is a schematic sectional view, and FIG. 11 (b) is a sectional view taken along the line BB of FIG. 11 (a).
As shown in FIG. 11, the irrigation structure 1 is provided with a water storage layer 18 made of a sand cushion layer directly on the roadbed 11, and the water retaining block 4 placed thereon. A ventilation unit is formed by laying, for example, a ventilation pipe 30 having an inner diameter of 5 mm or more in a zigzag shape below the reservoir 18, in other words, on the roadbed 11, and a reservoir of sand or gravel on this. Layer 18 is stacked. That is, in this example, the ventilation pipe 30 is used as the ventilation unit 20 in FIG. A plurality of ventilation holes 31 having an inner diameter of, for example, 5 mm or more are formed in the tube wall of the ventilation pipe 30, and a so-called ventilation state is maintained with the water storage layer 18 made of a sand cushion.

Therefore, rainwater or the like that has permeated into the water retention block 4 is stored in the water storage layer 18, and as a result, even if the internal pressure of the water storage layer 18 increases, a plurality of rainwaters provided on the pipe wall of the ventilation pipe 30. The internal pressure of the water reservoir 18 is maintained approximately equal to the internal pressure of the pipe 30, that is, the atmospheric pressure via the vent hole 31. Incidentally, at least one end of the ventilation pipe 30 is open to the open air. In this example, one end is open to the side groove 9 and is devised so that the pressure is almost equal to the outside air, that is, the atmosphere.
Although omitted in FIG. 11, the outside of the ventilation pipe 30 is covered with a water-permeable sand-proof sheet or the like so that sand or the like does not enter the pipe from the ventilation hole 31 provided in the pipe wall of the ventilation pipe 30. It is preferable. As the sandproof sheet, specifically, a thin nonwoven fabric is preferable. In this example, the outside of the ventilation pipe 30 is spirally wound with a nonwoven fabric having a thickness of about 0.5 mm.

When the irrigation structure 1 shown in FIG. 11 is used to form an irrigation system on a sidewalk, for example, a hole of a predetermined depth is dug in the entire sidewalk, and the roadbed 11 is flattened by applying an uneven surface treatment. Then, the continuous ventilation pipe 30 on which a sandproof sheet (not shown) such as a nonwoven fabric is wound is laid in a zigzag manner. And the opening end of the both ends or at least one end is positioned and fixed to the height which the normal water of the side groove | channel 9 does not come. The water storage layer 18 is formed by spreading sand having a predetermined particle diameter to a thickness of about 30 mm on the ventilation pipe 30 spread in this state.
Finally, a plurality of water-retaining blocks 4 are laid on the water reservoir 18, and if necessary, gaps between adjacent water-retaining blocks 4 are filled with joint sand.
Here, the above-described ventilation pipe 30 is laid with a continuous length bent in a zigzag manner. However, if the ventilation pipe 30 is cut to a predetermined length for each irrigation structure 1, What is necessary is just to connect suitably the ventilation pipes 30 of the adjacent irrigation structure 1 mutually.
The sandproof sheet wound around the ventilation pipe 30 can be omitted if the particle size of debris or the like that forms the reservoir 18 is larger than that of the ventilation hole 31.

FIG. 12 shows a fourth embodiment of the present invention and is a partially enlarged cross-sectional view showing a portion of the pressure adjusting hole 8a formed in the water retention block 4. As shown in FIG.
For example, in the case where an irrigation system is formed on a sidewalk, a case where a pressure adjusting hole 8a is formed in the water retention block 4 of the irrigation structure 1 to be used will be considered. Specifically, for example, as shown in FIG. 1 or FIGS. 4 to 6, 8 and 10, the water retention block 4 is formed with a pressure adjustment hole 8 a substantially perpendicular to the ground. In this case, there is a risk that stones and dust enter from the pressure adjusting hole 8a and block the hole. Therefore, normally, the cover 13 may be closed as indicated by reference numeral 13 in FIG. However, the lid that is used when the irrigation system is stopped for a long period of time, such as in winter, is preferably a non-breathable one. By doing so, since the interior of the water storage space 2 is not communicated with the atmosphere, it is possible to prevent infiltration of rainwater or the like and stop the supply of water to the irrigation system.
Therefore, for example, as shown in FIG. 12, the open end of the pressure adjusting hole 8a may be closed with a rubber lid 35, for example. At this time, if the lid 35 protrudes from the upper surface of the water retaining block 4, it is dangerous for a pedestrian walking on the sidewalk. In order to prevent the upper surface of the lid 35 from protruding from the water retention block 4, for example, as shown in FIG. 12, a recess 37 is provided at the tip of the pressure adjusting hole 8 a, and the lid 35 faces the recess 37. It ’s best to fit them all together.

  FIG. 12 shows only an example in which the opening end of the pressure adjustment hole 8a formed on the upper surface of the water retention block 4 is closed. However, in addition to this, the pressure adjustment hole opens outside the side wall of the water storage unit. Similarly, an open end that opens to the outside air, such as an open end that communicates with the outside air of the ventilation pipe of the ventilation unit 30, can be closed by a lid 35 such as a rubber plug. If this is done, there will be a problem that the opening end that opens to the outside of the pressure adjustment hole is clogged with dust, and, for example, if you try to resume operation of this irrigation system in the summer, you will not be able to fulfill the original purpose. In addition, this can be avoided and is preferable.

FIG. 13 shows a fifth embodiment of the present invention showing a floating type lid 36 which replaces the lid 35 of FIG. FIG. 13A shows a state in which rainwater or the like in the water storage space 2 is reduced and the floating lid 36 is lowered to close the pressure adjusting hole 8a, and FIG. 13B shows rainwater in the water storage space 2 or the like. This shows a state in which the amount of water increases and the lid 36 is lifted to form a gap with the pressure adjusting hole 8a. Here, reference numeral 38 denotes a string connected to the floating lid 36, and reference numeral 39 denotes a fulcrum to which the other end of the string 38 is connected.
In this example, when rainwater or the like in the water storage space 2 is reduced as in winter, the float is automatically lowered, and the pressure adjustment hole 8a is automatically closed by the floating lid 36. Therefore, unlike the lid 35 shown in FIG. 12, the operator does not have to walk around to put the lid 35 on.

FIG. 14 is a partially enlarged cross-sectional view of a portion of the pressure adjustment hole 8a showing the sixth embodiment of the irrigation structure of the present invention, which is an improved version of FIG.
As shown in FIG. 14, in this example, in order to prevent the floating lid 36 from jumping out from the surface of the water retention block 4, a recess is formed in the upper portion of the pressure adjusting hole 8a in the same way as the embodiment shown in FIG. A portion 40 is newly provided, and the depth and length of the cord 38 are prevented so that the floating lid 36 does not jump out of the recessed portion 40 in either state of FIG. 13A or 13B. Is devised and adjusted.
In this way, the problem that the pedestrian does not get in the way and is crushed and damaged by the pedestrian can be avoided.

  FIG. 15 is a partially enlarged cross-sectional view of the water retention block 4 showing the seventh embodiment of the present invention. For example, when the irrigation system is configured with the irrigation structure 1 as shown in FIG. 1, the opening end of the lower end of the pressure adjusting hole 8 a should be as open as possible in the upper region of the water storage space 2 as described above. Theoretically, more rainwater can be stored in the water storage space 2. Therefore, the opening 41 at the lower end of the pressure adjusting hole 8a formed on the lower surface of the water retaining block 4 is recessed, for example, in a dish shape as shown in FIG. In this way, even if rainwater or the like is stored in the water storage space 2, air still exists at the lower end of the pressure adjustment hole 8 a, so that the internal pressure adjustment in the water storage space 2, that is, the atmospheric pressure state It is preferable that the pressure adjusting hole 8a can be held until the end. In addition, the same effect is acquired if such an effect is the space which stores rainwater.

FIG. 16 is a schematic sectional view showing a first embodiment of the irrigation system of the present invention.
FIG. 16 shows an irrigation system using the irrigation structure 1 shown in FIG. For example, when forming an irrigation system on the sidewalk now, first digging the sidewalk to a predetermined depth, forming a hole, applying a flat surface to the bottom of this hole and leveling it, forming the roadbed 11 A plurality of irrigation structures 1 shown in FIG. 5 are laid down so that the upper surfaces thereof are flush with each other. In that case, the water storage space 2 of the adjacent irrigation structures 1 is connected by the pressure adjustment pipe 8c between adjacent water storage units. Finally, joint sand (omitted in the figure) is filled in the gap between the irrigation structures 1.
In the irrigation system thus formed, in order for this irrigation system to operate ideally, the amount of rainwater or the like that penetrates downward from the surface of the water retention block 4 (the water collecting member 15 indicated by the hatched arrow in FIG. 16). The total amount of rainwater dripping from the adjacent irrigation structures 1, that is, the amount of rainwater permeating downward from the joints (from the joints indicated by the linear arrows in FIG. 16) If it is not larger than the total amount of infiltration, most of the valuable rainwater or the like will not accumulate in the water storage space 2 of the water storage unit 3, but will escape into the ground.

Therefore, it is necessary to increase the water collection efficiency of the water collection member 15 and to consider its shape and arrangement. In this way, the amount of water permeating the entire water collecting member 15 formed in the entire irrigation system permeates the entire joint portion provided between the irrigation structures 1 and escapes to the roadbed 11. It is important to design so that it is larger than the amount of water per unit time.
More specifically, description will be made assuming the irrigation system shown in FIG. Now, a measuring device was cut so that a predetermined area was cut out at an arbitrary position so that the joint between the water-retaining block 4 and the irrigation structure 1 was appropriately included inside. Furthermore, in this device, a frame was provided so that rainwater would not spill on the outer four sides. In addition, a box-shaped water storage section was provided below the water storage unit 3 so as to straddle the entire apparatus so that water that had permeated through the joints could be collected separately from the water accumulated in the water storage unit 3. In addition, the total value of the cross-sectional area in the horizontal plane of the root portion of the plurality of water collecting members 15 in this apparatus and the total surface area of the portion exposed to the atmosphere of the joint portion are measured in advance. In addition, the horizontal cross-sectional area of the root part of the water collection member 15 here means the contact area of the lower surface of the water retention block 4 and the water collection member 15, for example.

Now, it is assumed that the total value of the cross-sectional area in the horizontal plane at the base of the water collecting member 15 is A1, and the total surface area of the joint between the irrigation structures 1 is A2. Moreover, since the material of the water collecting member 15 and joint sand is known, each water permeability coefficient k is investigated beforehand. Now, the hydraulic conductivity of the water collecting member 15 is k1, and the hydraulic conductivity of the joint sand at the joint is k2. Furthermore, the hydraulic gradient is also i in both cases.
This device was installed outdoors on the day when rain was expected and exposed to rain for a predetermined time. After a predetermined time, the amount of water Q1 accumulated in the water storage space 2 of the water storage unit 3 and the amount of water Q2 in the water storage unit storing rainwater that had permeated from the joint provided below the water storage unit 3 were measured. Each Q1 and Q2 can be expressed as follows.
Q1 = A1 × k1 × i (1)
Q2 = A2 × k2 × i (2)

As described above, if Q1 is not larger than Q2, most of rainwater or the like does not collect in the water storage space 2 of the water storage unit 3, but escapes from the joint between the irrigation structures 1 into the ground. It will end up. In order to prevent this, a material having a larger k1 is selected as the material of the water collecting member 15, or the number of water collecting members 15 to be mounted per irrigation structure is increased to increase A1, or conversely. It is important to devise such as reducing the surface area A2 of the joint sand or reducing the water permeability coefficient k2 by reducing the particle size.
Specifically, the cross-sectional area in the horizontal plane of the joint sand that fills the gap of the water storage unit 3 constituting the irrigation structure 1, that is, the surface area of the portion exposed to the atmosphere is 1% or less of the entire irrigation system, and It is desirable that the cross-sectional area in the horizontal plane of the base portion of the water member 15, that is, the area of the portion in contact with the lower surface of the water-retaining block 4 is equal to or larger than this, and in order to further improve the water collection efficiency, It is effective to perform an appropriate water shielding treatment so that rainwater or the like does not escape from the gaps between the water storage units 3 constituting the structure 1 or the gaps between the irrigation system and the outside.
The water permeability coefficient k1 of the water collecting member 15 is preferably set to be approximately equal to or greater than the water permeability coefficient k2 of the material forming the joint portion formed between the irrigation structures 1. If it does in this way, the water collection member 15 does not become the trouble of the whole irrigation system regarding water permeability, and it is preferable.

By the way, in the description so far, the members communicating the adjacent water storage units 3 and the ventilation units 20 have been generally described as the pressure adjustment pipes between adjacent water storage units or the pressure adjustment pipes between adjacent ventilation units. Needless to say, the structure need not be limited to a tube in a strict sense as long as the pressure between the atmosphere, which is the outside air, and the internal pressure are equal, that is, the units communicate with each other.
Specifically, for example, in order to adjust the pressure between adjacent units, the second embodiment of the irrigation system of the present invention may be configured as shown in FIG. In this ventilation unit 20, the top plate 16 under the sandproof sheet 17 has a cross-sectional shape. More specifically, the top plate 16 has a plurality of permeable plate-like teeth 50 corresponding to getter teeth on the lower surface thereof, and a space formed between the top plate 16 and the roadbed 11. The ventilation unit 20 is formed. In the case of forming an irrigation system, a plurality of top plates 16 may be installed adjacent to each other with the plate-like teeth 50 facing the roadbed 11 as shown in the figure.

Incidentally, since the whole top plate 16 including the plate-like teeth 50 is water permeable, that is, has air permeability, at least one of the ventilation units 20 is provided with a pressure adjustment hole 8a or a pressure adjustment hole 8b. It should be provided and communicated with the outside air. Here, the plate-like teeth 50 also serve to reinforce the ventilation unit 20.
In the case of the embodiment shown in FIG. 17, a part of the space formed under the top plate 16 serves as a pressure adjusting pipe between adjacent ventilation units. Thus, in the present invention, the term “pressure adjusting pipe between adjacent water storage units” or “pressure adjusting pipe between adjacent ventilation units” is used in a broad sense.
The top plate 16 may have an arched structure.

  By the way, in each embodiment example demonstrated so far, although only the figure by which the one water retention block 4 is mounted on the one water storage unit 3 is shown, for example, one water storage unit 3 is shown. A plurality of water retaining blocks 4 such as four may be placed on the top.

  As described above, according to the present invention, it is possible to store more rainwater or the like in the water storage space or reservoir below the water retention block, and when the outside air temperature is high, the water retention block is provided over a long period of time. An irrigation structure that can be cooled, an irrigation system using the irrigation structure, and a method of operating the irrigation system can be provided.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Irrigation structure 2 Water storage space 3 Water storage unit 4 Water retention block 5 Rain water etc. 6 Water-conducting member 7 Reinforcement board 8a Pressure adjustment hole 8b Pressure adjustment hole 8c Pressure adjustment pipe 8d between adjacent water storage units Pressure adjustment pipe 9 between adjacent ventilation units 9 Side groove DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Cover 11 Roadbed 12 Road stone 15 Water collecting member 16 Top plate 17 Sand prevention sheet 18 Water storage layer 19 consisting of a sand cushion layer Water flow hole 20 Ventilation unit 30 Ventilation pipe 31 Ventilation hole 35 Lid 36 Floating type lids 37 and 40 41 Recess 50 Plate-like tooth

Claims (8)

An underground buried type water storage unit having a water storage space inside and having an opening for receiving water from above, and a top plate covered with a water-permeable sandproof sheet covering the opening of the water storage unit A water storage layer comprising a sand cushion layer formed above the top plate, a water-conducting member for pumping water stored in a water storage space in the water storage unit to the water storage layer side, and the water storage layer A water retention block having water permeability placed thereon, and the water storage space of the water storage unit is a irrigation structure communicating with the outside air through a pressure adjusting hole,
Furthermore, it has further a water collection member which dripped the water which permeate | transmitted the inside of the water storage layer which consists of the said water retention block and the said sand cushion layer to the water storage space in the said water storage unit. 2. The irrigation structure according to any one of the above.   One open end of the pressure adjusting hole opens to an upper region of the water storage space of the water storage unit, and the other open end opens to the upper surface of the water retention block, or one of the pressure adjusting holes The open end of the water storage unit is open in an upper region of the water storage space of the water storage unit, and the other open end is at least one of open to the outside of the side wall of the water storage unit. The irrigation structure described.   An underground buried type ventilation unit having a space inside and having a water permeability in the upper part, a water storage layer formed of a sand cushion layer formed on the air flow unit, and a water permeability placed on the water storage layer An irrigation structure comprising: a water retention block, wherein the space of the ventilation unit communicates with outside air through a pressure adjustment hole.   One open end of the pressure adjustment hole is open in an upper region of the space of the ventilation unit, and the other open end is open on the upper surface of the water retaining block, or one of the pressure adjustment holes 4. The irrigation according to claim 3, wherein the open end opens to an upper region of the space of the ventilation unit, and the other open end opens to the outside of the side wall of the ventilation unit. Structure.   A plurality of irrigation structures according to any one of claims 1 to 2 are installed adjacent to each other in a hole having a predetermined depth, and the water storage spaces between adjacent irrigation structures are communicated with each other. Further, the irrigation system, wherein the aeration pipes of adjacent irrigation structures are connected to each other.   A plurality of the irrigation structures according to any one of claims 3 to 4 are installed adjacent to each other in a hole having a predetermined depth, and the spaces of the ventilation units of the adjacent irrigation structures are communicated with each other. Further, the irrigation system is characterized in that spaces of ventilation units between adjacent irrigation structures are connected by the pressure adjusting pipe.   In an irrigation system in which a plurality of irrigation structures according to any one of claims 1 to 2 are installed adjacent to each other in a hole having a predetermined depth, the amount of water that permeates the entire water collecting member per unit time is as follows. The irrigation system characterized by being larger than the amount of water permeating per unit time through the joint part provided between the irrigation structures.   In the operation method of an irrigation system in which a plurality of irrigation structures according to claims 1 to 4 are installed adjacent to each other in a hole having a predetermined depth, during the period when the irrigation system is not operated, The other opening end opened on the upper surface, the other opening end opened outside the side wall of the water storage unit, or the other opening end opened outside the side wall of the ventilation unit and the ventilation An operation method of an irrigation system, characterized in that an open end communicating with outside air of a ventilation pipe of a unit is closed with a closing member.

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