JP2012070655A - Plastic fat modifier - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a plastic fat having effectiveness of restraining changes in the hardness of plastic fat using oil derived from palm and changes in physical properties such as generation of large-grained crystal, and the plastic fat modifier for obtaining such plastic fat.SOLUTION: The plastic fat is produced by including 5-10 wt.% of a plastic fat modifier containing 60-100 wt.% of a transesterified oil composition within the overall plastic fat modifier with less than 0.1-25 wt.% of C12 saturated fatty acid and 50-70 wt.% of C14-C22 saturated fatty acid within the overall constituent fatty acid, and which C12 saturated fatty acid content/(the total amount of C8 and C10 saturated fatty acids content) (ratio by weight) is 0.025-2.5, and 50-95 wt.% of oil derived from palm.

Description

  The present invention relates to a modifier for plastic fats and oils used for plastic fats and oils such as margarine and shortening using palm oil as a main raw material.

  Conventionally, fats and oils obtained by hydrogenating hardened fish oil or vegetable oil have been used as raw materials for plastic fats and oils because of their good physical properties and functions. However, in recent years, trans-fatty acids contained in hydrogenated fats and oils have caused human heart disease, and their use has been restricted, and replacement with palm oil or the like is recommended.

  It is known that when palm oil is blended as a main raw material for plastic oils and fats such as margarine and shortening, changes such as coarse crystals are formed and hardness becomes hard during storage and distribution. Therefore, the triglyceride structure of palm oil is modified by transesterification.

  For example, Patent Document 1 discloses an oil / fat composition that can suppress a change in quality over time by mixing palm oil or palm stearin and an oil / fat containing lauric acid in a specific amount of fatty acid ratio and transesterifying. ing. In Patent Document 2, a plant liquid oil containing a large amount of palm oil and unsaturated fatty acid is transesterified, and the composition ratio of dipalmitoyl monooleoyl glyceride is PPO / POP ≧ 0.5 (P: palmitic acid, O : Oleic acid) has disclosed an oil and fat composition in which coarsening of crystals is eliminated and a plastic oil and fat with little change over time can be obtained. These reforming methods change triglyceride POP in palm oil into other components, and although there is a certain effect on the suppression of changes over time, it is not sufficient. Furthermore, the production of trisaturated fatty acid triglycerides having a high melting point also has disadvantages such as deterioration of mouth melting.

  Patent Document 3 discloses hard fats obtained by transesterification of fats and oils containing lauric acid and fats and oils containing a specific amount of lauric acid and C16 or higher saturated fatty acids. It is described that plastic fats and oils using this hard fat have good mouth melting and shape retention. However, in order to use it as a plastic oil and fat, a large amount of liquid oil and fat must be used, and the effect of suppressing changes over time is not sufficient.

  Moreover, the method of improving the quality of the plastic fat and chocolate which mix | blended palm oil using the fat and oil composition which specified the fatty acid seed | species and coupling | bonding position which comprise triglyceride is disclosed. For example, Patent Document 4 discloses XXM type triglyceride (saturated chain of X: C> 15, saturated chain of M: C <15) for fats and oils that are slow crystallization like palm oil and are low trans fatty acids. An oil and fat composition that significantly increases the rate of crystallization by incorporating a small amount of is disclosed. Patent Document 5 discloses 1,3 (S) -di (S) -2 in which a saturated fatty acid (X) of C12 or less is bonded to the 2-position and a saturated fatty acid (S) of C16 or more is bonded to the 1,3-position. -An example in which mono (X) -type triglyceride (SXS) suppresses chocolate bloom is disclosed. These methods are effective with respect to suppression of plastic oil fat and chocolate bloom, but are less effective for suppressing changes over time.

  Patent Document 6 discloses an intermolecular compound of (a) a disaturated medium chain fatty acid monolong chain fatty acid triglyceride and (b) a 1,3-disaturated long chain fatty acid-2-monounsaturated long chain fatty acid triglyceride. And the intermolecular compound whose long surface space | interval by X-ray diffraction is 65 or more is disclosed. It is described that this intermolecular compound can maintain the smooth texture of chocolate containing a large amount of cocoa butter and can suppress the occurrence of bloom. Moreover, it is described that this intermolecular compound is effective also in suppressing the daily hardness change of plastic fats and oils. This document does not disclose a specific method of using the plastic fat. However, it is not easy to obtain a composition containing a high concentration of di-saturated medium-chain fatty acid mono-long-chain fatty acid triglycerides, in which an intermolecular compound having a long-surface distance of 65 mm or more by X-ray diffraction is obtained. In addition, the inclusion of equimolar amounts of disaturated medium chain fatty acid mono long chain fatty acid triglyceride relative to 1,3-disaturated long chain fatty acid-2-monounsaturated long chain fatty acid triglyceride makes the plastic fat more Softens or lowers melting point. Therefore, it is not preferable to use this intermolecular compound as the main raw material for margarine or shortening.

JP 2000-212590 A JP-A-10-183165 Japanese Patent No. 4426643 WO 98/19554 pamphlet JP-A-4-75593 International Publication No. 2006/121182 Pamphlet

  An object of the present invention is to provide a plastic oil and fat having an effect of suppressing changes in hardness of plastic oil and fat using palm-derived oil and an effect of suppressing changes in physical properties such as formation of coarse crystals, and to obtain the plastic oil and fat. It is providing the modifier for plastic fats and oils.

  As a result of intensive studies to solve the above problems, the inventors of the present invention contain a specific amount of C12 saturated fatty acid and C14 to C22 saturated fatty acid in the total constituent fatty acids, and C12 saturated fatty acid content / (C8 and C10 The total amount of saturated fatty acids in the above (weight ratio) (weight ratio), a plastic fat obtained by adding a specific amount of fat composition is found that the change in physical properties is suppressed, and the hardness is more difficult to change, The present invention has been completed.

  That is, in the first aspect of the present invention, the C12 saturated fatty acid content is less than 0.1 to 25% by weight and the C14 to C22 saturated fatty acid content is 50 to 70% by weight, and the C12 saturated fatty acid content / (Total amount of saturated fatty acid content of C8 and C10) (weight ratio) Plastic oil and fat containing 60 to 100 wt% of the transesterified oil and fat composition of 0.025 to 2.5 in the whole plastic oil and fat modifier It is related with the modifier. The second of the present invention relates to a plastic fat comprising the above-described modifier for plastic fats and oils in an amount of 5 to 10% by weight in the whole plastic fats and oils and palm-derived oil in an amount of 50 to 95% by weight in the whole plastic fats and oils. .

  According to the present invention, it is possible to provide a plastic oil and fat having an effect of suppressing changes in hardness of plastic oil and fat using palm-derived oil and an effect of suppressing changes in physical properties such as formation of coarse crystals, and to obtain the plastic oil and fat. A modifier for plastic oils and fats can be provided.

  Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail. The plastic fat and oil modifier of the present invention has a specific amount of C12 saturated fatty acid content, a specific amount of C14 to C22 saturated fatty acid content, and a saturated fatty acid content of C12 / (saturated fatty acid content of C8 and C10). The transesterified oil / fat composition whose total amount (weight ratio) is in a specific range is mainly contained. And the plastic fat of this invention contains a specific amount of this modifier for plastic fats, and contains a specific amount of palm origin oil. In the following description, the plastic fat modifier of the present invention may be simply referred to as “modifier”.

  The saturated fatty acid content of C12 in the transesterified oil / fat composition in the plastic oil / fat modifier of the present invention is preferably less than 0.1 to 25% by weight, and 0.1 to 20% by weight or less in the total constituent fatty acids. Is more preferable. If it is less than 0.1% by weight, the effect of cost reduction by using lauric acid (C12), a derivative thereof, and triglyceride containing C12 as a main constituent fatty acid may be reduced. If it is 25% by weight or more, the hardness of the plastic oil and fat becomes so hard that it may be difficult to work in production.

  It is preferable that it is 50 to 70 weight% in the saturated fatty acid content of C14-C22 in the transesterified oil and fat composition in the modifier for plastic fats and oils of this invention, and the whole constituent fatty acid. When the amount is less than 50% by weight, the content of fats and oils composed of medium-chain saturated fatty acids increases, and the effect of suppressing changes in physical properties such as changes in hardness and coarse crystals of the plastic fats and oils may not be obtained. When the amount is more than 70% by weight, the content of fats and oils composed of long-chain saturated fatty acids increases, and the hardness of the plastic fats and oils may become hard.

  Further, in the entire constituent fatty acids of the transesterified oil / fat composition in the plastic fat / oil modifier of the present invention, the C12 saturated fatty acid content / (total amount of C8 and C10 saturated fatty acid contents) (weight ratio) is 0. 025-2.5 are preferable and 0.1-1.0 are more preferable. If it is smaller than 0.025, the effect of cost reduction by using triglyceride containing lauric acid (C12), its derivatives, and C12 as a main constituent fatty acid may be small. When the ratio is larger than 2.5, the plastic oil may be hard and difficult to work.

  It is preferable to contain 60-100 weight% of the said transesterified oil-fat composition in the whole modifier for plastic fats and oils of this invention, and it is more preferable to contain 90-100 weight%. From the viewpoint of ease of blending adjustment when producing the plastic fat, the higher the content, the better, and 100% by weight is most preferable.

  In the plastic fat / oil modifier, in addition to the transesterified oil / fat composition, for example, various animal / vegetable fats / oils, and various kinds of animal / vegetable fats / oils processed by at least one treatment selected from hydrogenation, fractionation, and transesterification. Fats and oils, fatty acids, monoglycerides, diglycerides, food emulsifiers and the like can be included.

  In the present invention, the fatty acid composition in the oil and fat composition may be measured according to the FID constant temperature gas chromatograph method. The FID isothermal gas chromatographic method may be performed as described in 2.4.2.1 Fatty Acid Composition of “Oil Analysis Method” (issue year: 1996) edited by Japan Oil Chemical Association. .

  When producing a plastic oil or fat using the plastic oil or oil modifier of the present invention, the amount of the modifier used imparts an effect of suppressing changes in physical properties such as changes in hardness and formation of coarse crystals and aerobic properties to the plastic oil and fat. It is preferable to adjust so that it may become 5 to 10 weight% in the whole plastic fat from the viewpoint to do. If the content of the modifier in the entire plastic fat is less than 5% by weight, the effect of suppressing changes in physical properties such as hardness change and coarse crystals of the plastic fat may be insufficient. If the content of the modifier in the entire plastic fat exceeds 10% by weight, the plastic fat may be softened more than necessary, and the cost is high.

  The palm-derived oil of the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it is an oil / fat extracted from palm as it is or a modified / sorted oil / fat, refined palm oil, unrefined crude oil, hardened oil thereof, fractionation once or more Fractionated oils such as palm olein obtained by the above are exemplified. It is preferable to contain 50 to 95 weight% of palm origin oil in the whole plastic fats and oils of this invention. If it is less than 50% by weight, it may not be a plastic oil or fat mainly composed of palm-derived oil. When the amount is more than 95% by weight, changes in physical properties such as changes in hardness and coarse crystals of the plastic oil may not be suppressed.

  The method for producing the modifier for plastic oil according to the present invention is exemplified below. Component (1) consisting of at least one selected from lauric acid (C12), derivatives thereof and triglycerides containing lauric acid as a main constituent fatty acid, caprylic acid (C8) and / or capric acid (C10), and derivatives thereof And caprylic acid, component (2) consisting of at least one selected from triglycerides mainly composed of capric acid, palmitic acid (C16) and / or stearic acid (C18), derivatives thereof and palmitic acid and / or Or the oil-fat composition used for the modifier for plastic fats and oils can be obtained by transesterifying the component (3) which consists of at least 1 sort (s) chosen from the triglyceride which makes stearic acid the main component fatty acid. However, it is important that at least one of the components (1), (2) and (3) is a triglyceride.

  As a triglyceride which makes lauric acid of a component (1) the main component fatty acid, palm kernel hardening oil, coconut hardening oil, etc. are mentioned, for example.

  The triglyceride containing caprylic acid or capric acid as the main constituent fatty acid as the component (2) is a medium chain fatty acid triglyceride, for example, “Actor M Series” manufactured by Riken Vitamin Co., or medium chain fatty acid triglyceride manufactured by Danisco. .

  Examples of the triglyceride containing component (3) palmitic acid and / or stearic acid as a main constituent fatty acid include rapeseed extremely hardened oil, hyelsin rapeseed extremely hardened oil, and palm stearin extremely hardened oil.

  The transesterification may be performed according to a conventional method, and the catalyst may be a chemical catalyst or an enzyme catalyst. Examples of the chemical catalyst include sodium methylate and casein soda. An enzyme catalyst is a lipase that is an enzyme derived from a microorganism. The lipase used in the present invention may have positional specificity or may not have positional specificity. Examples of the lipase used in the present invention include lipases obtained from Alkaligenes, Mucor, Penicillium, Carinda and the like. The transesterification reaction using lipase may be either a continuous column reaction or a batch reaction.

  In the transesterification reaction, in order to make C12 saturated fatty acid content / (total amount of saturated fatty acid content of C8 and C10) (weight ratio) in a desired range in all the constituent fatty acids of the transesterified oil and fat composition, It is preferable to adjust the usage ratio of the raw oil and fat at the time of replacement. Also, the fat and oil composition obtained by the transesterification may be distilled and / or fractionated to bring the C12 saturated fatty acid content / (total amount of C8 and C10 saturated fatty acid content) (weight ratio) into a desired range. Can do.

  Examples of the distillation method include short process thin film distillation and molecular distillation. The separation method is not particularly limited, and any of a method of separating using an organic solvent and a method of separating without using a solvent can be used.

  EXAMPLES Hereinafter, the present invention will be described more specifically with reference to examples. However, the present invention is not limited to these examples. In the examples, “parts” and “%” are based on weight.

<Measurement of penetration value (hereinafter referred to as penetration value)>
The penetration value is the consistency at the measurement temperature expressed by the penetration. After the shortening obtained in Examples and Comparative Examples was prepared, it was immediately stored at 20 ° C., and the first and 45th days after storage. The penet value was measured using a digital auto penetrometer (manufactured by Mitamura Riken Kogyo Co., Ltd.) and a JIS standard product (mass 102.5 g) penetrometer cone based on the consistency test method of JIS K2220-1993.

<Shortening hardness change and hardness evaluation>
The change in shortening hardness was evaluated according to the following criteria using the difference between the penet values on the first day and the 45th day after storage. ○: Penet value change during storage is less than 10, Δ: Penet value change during storage is 10-30, ×: Penet value change during storage exceeds 30
The hardness of the shortening was evaluated according to the following criteria using the penet value. ○: Penet value exceeds 115, Δ: Penet value is 100 to 115, X: Penet value is less than 100.

(Example 1) Preparation of plastic fat modifier Palm hardened oil (in the total constituent fatty acids, lauric acid: 45.0 wt%, myristic acid: 16.0 wt%, caprylic acid: 3.5 wt%, Capric acid: 3.0 wt%, palmitic acid: 9.5 wt%, stearic acid: 22.5 wt%) 15 parts by weight, MCT (medium chain fatty acid triglyceride, "Actor M2" manufactured by Riken Vitamin, Caprylic acid in the total constituent fatty acids: 55 parts by weight, 99.8% by weight (actual measurement value), 30 parts by weight of rapeseed extremely hardened oil (in the total constituent fatty acids, 92% by weight stearic acid, 5% by weight palmitic acid, arachidic acid 2 (% By weight, 1% by weight or less of behenic acid) was mixed, and a random transesterification reaction was performed at 90 ° C. for 30 minutes under vacuum. Water was added to stop the reaction, and the mixture was washed with water. Next, 3 parts by weight of activated clay was added, and the transesterified oil obtained by filtering the whole amount after 20 minutes of stirring under reduced pressure was thin-film distilled at 210 ° C. and 0.3 Pa to obtain a composition in the total constituent fatty acids. C8: 32.0% by weight, C10: 0.5% by weight, C12: 7.4% by weight, C14 or higher saturated fatty acid: 59.5% by weight is obtained, and other components are added. It was set as the modifier for plastic oils and fats.

(Example 2) Preparation of plastic fat modifier The transesterification was carried out in the same manner as in Example 1 except that 30 parts by weight of palm kernel oil was mixed with 40 parts by weight of MCT and 30 parts by weight of rapeseed extremely hardened oil. An oil and fat composition was obtained. Thereafter, thin film distillation (220 ° C., 0.3 Pa) is performed, and the composition of the total constituent fatty acids is C8: 23.4% by weight, C10: 0.8% by weight, C12: 13.4% by weight, C14 or more saturated fatty acid. : An oil / fat composition of 61.7% by weight was obtained, and a plastic oil / fat modifier was used without adding other components.

(Example 3) Preparation of plastic oil / fat modifier A transesterification was conducted in the same manner as in Example 1 except that 45 parts by weight of palm kernel hardened oil was mixed with 25 parts by weight of MCT and 30 parts by weight of rapeseed extremely hardened oil. An oil / fat composition was obtained, and a plastic oil / fat modifier was obtained without adding other components. The composition of the obtained transesterified oil / fat composition in the total constituent fatty acids was C8: 21.9% by weight, C10: 1.4% by weight, C12: 20.5% by weight, C14 or higher saturated fatty acid: 55.6% by weight. %Met.

(Example 4) Preparation of plastic fat modifier A transesterification was carried out in the same manner as in Example 1 except that 60 parts by weight of palm kernel oil was mixed with 10 parts by weight of MCT and 30 parts by weight of rapeseed extremely hardened oil. An oil / fat composition was obtained, and a plastic oil / fat modifier was obtained without adding other components. The composition of the entire transesterified fatty acid of the obtained transesterified oil and fat composition was C8: 9.8 wt%, C10: 1.8 wt%, C12: 26.5 wt%, C14 or higher saturated fatty acid: 61.2 wt% %Met.

(Comparative example 1) Production of plastic fat / oil modifier A transesterified oil / fat composition was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that 70 parts by weight of MCT and 30 parts by weight of rapeseed extremely hardened oil were mixed. Thereafter, thin film distillation (210 ° C., 0.3 Pa) is performed to obtain an oil / fat composition in which the composition of all the constituent fatty acids is C8: 38.7% by weight, C14 or higher saturated fatty acid: 60.7% by weight, A modifier for plastic oil was used without adding any components.

(Comparative Example 2) Preparation of a plastic oil / fat modifier A transesterified oil / fat composition was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that 70 parts by weight of palm kernel oil and 30 parts by weight of rapeseed extremely hardened oil were mixed. This component was used as a plastic fat and oil modifier. The composition of the entire transesterified fatty acid of the obtained transesterified oil and fat composition was C8: 2.1 wt%, C10: 2.1 wt%, C12: 30.3% wt, C14 or higher saturated fatty acid: 64.7 wt% %Met.

(Examples 5 to 8) Preparation of shortening (plastic oil and fat) 5 parts by weight of the plastic oil and fat modifier obtained in Examples 1 and 95 parts by weight of palm oil were melt-mixed, and a quenching kneader (PowerPoint Using “Margarine Spread Processor” manufactured by International Co., Ltd., A unit: 1 unit, B unit: 1 unit), quenching was performed under the conditions of refrigerant temperature: −10 ° C., flow rate: 10 L / h, and a shortening was produced. . The outlet temperature of each shortening during the kneading was 5 to 6 ° C, and the outlet temperature of the B unit was 14 to 17 ° C. The residence time of the A cooling unit was 150 seconds, and the residence time of the B unit was 80 seconds. The residence time was calculated from the capacity of each unit (L) / flow rate per hour (L / sec). The penet values (hardness) of the shortening obtained were measured over time, and the results are summarized in Table 1.

(Comparative example 3) Preparation of shortening (plastic oil and fat) The shortening of palm oil 100% was produced similarly to Examples 5-8, without adding the modifier for plastic oil and fat. The penet values (hardness) of the shortening obtained were measured over time, and the results are summarized in Table 1.

(Comparative example 4) Preparation of shortening (plastic oil and fat) 5 parts by weight of the plastic oil and fat modifier obtained in Comparative Example 1 and 95 parts by weight of palm oil were melt-mixed and shortened in the same manner as in Examples 5 to 8. Produced. The penet values (hardness) of the shortening obtained were measured over time, and the results are summarized in Table 1.

(Comparative Example 5) Preparation of shortening (plastic oil and fat) 5 parts by weight of the plastic oil and fat modifier obtained in Comparative Example 2 and 95 parts by weight of palm oil were melt-mixed and shortened in the same manner as in Examples 5 to 8. Produced. The penet values (hardness) of the shortening obtained were measured over time, and the results are summarized in Table 1.

  As shown in Table 1, the saturated fatty acid content of C12 is less than 0.1 to 25% by weight, the saturated fatty acid content of C14 to C22 is 50 to 70% by weight, and the saturated fatty acid content of C12 / (of C8 and C10 In Examples 5 to 8 to which a modifier having a total fatty acid content (weight ratio) of 0.025 to 2.5 was added, the change in hardness over time was small and the hardness was also soft. In particular, the saturated fatty acid content of C12 was 20% or less, and the tendency was remarkable. Compared with the modifier which does not contain the saturated fatty acid of C12 of the comparative example 4, this was soft and the daily change was comparable. On the other hand, the shortening of Comparative Example 3 produced only with palm oil without adding a modifier had a high hardness and a large change with time. Further, in Comparative Example 5 in which the saturated fatty acid content of C8 and C10 was small and the saturated fatty acid content of C12 was 25% by weight or more, the change in hardness over time was small, but the hardness was hard.

Claims (2)

In the total constituent fatty acids, the saturated fatty acid content of C12 is less than 0.1 to 25% by weight and the saturated fatty acid content of C14 to C22 is 50 to 70% by weight, and the saturated fatty acid content of C12 / (saturated fatty acid content of C8 and C10 A modifier for plastic fats and oils containing 60 to 100% by weight of the total amount of modifiers for plastic fats and oils in a total amount) (weight ratio) of 0.025 to 2.5. A plastic fat comprising 5 to 10% by weight of the modifier for plastic fat according to claim 1 and 50 to 95% by weight of palm-derived oil in the entire plastic fat.