JP2012030696A - Drunk driving prevention system - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a system disallowing start of an engine when an alcohol concentration in the breath of a driver is determined not to be less than a reference value and informing a waiting time until the alcohol concentration of the driver becomes less than the reference value.SOLUTION: When the alcohol concentration in the breath of the driver by an alcohol detecting device 2 equipped on a vehicle 1 is not less than the reference value, an alcohol digestion time is calculated from an alcohol amount ingested by the driver and an alcohol digestion amount per unit time dependent on the weight of the driver. The waiting time until the alcohol concentration of the driver becomes less than the reference value is calculated by multiplying the alcohol digestion time by the coefficient based on the type of active aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 possessed by the driver, and the waiting time is informed to the driver.

Description

  The present invention relates to a drunk driving prevention system that is mounted on a vehicle and prevents a driver from drunk driving.

  When driving a vehicle (automobile) in a drunk state, it becomes difficult to perform an appropriate driving operation. In order to prevent this, a system for preventing a driver from drunk driving is disclosed.

  The techniques disclosed in Patent Documents 1 and 2 measure the driver's alcohol concentration in order to prevent drunk driving, and prohibit starting of the engine if it exceeds a reference value. However, with these technologies, when an alcohol concentration higher than the reference value is detected, the driver does not know how long it will take to drive, and many times more inspections are needed than necessary. There is a problem that time is taken.

  The technique disclosed in Patent Document 3 is a technique of providing a driving prohibition time corresponding to the alcohol concentration as a countermeasure after detecting the alcohol concentration, and enabling vehicle driving after the prohibiting time has elapsed. However, this is intended only for driving prohibition, and although the driving prohibition time is displayed, there is no way for the driver to know whether or not the time has elapsed. Further, since the engine start permission is given after the prohibition time has elapsed, there is a problem that it is not known whether the alcohol concentration is actually below the reference value.

  As a technique for predicting the time when the alcohol concentration is equal to or less than the reference value, there are techniques disclosed in Patent Documents 4 and 5. The technique of Patent Document 4 is a technique for determining the waiting time by adding alcohol tolerance (coefficient based on interview survey) to the body weight. Moreover, the technique of patent document 5 is a technique which interpolates to the recording of the alcohol concentration at the time of drinking the quantity of 1 cup or 2 cups, and calculates waiting time based on what was made into the graph. However, these lack accuracy because individual differences in alcohol digestion time are not considered. In addition, registration of alcohol concentration for each number of cups and interviews by specialists are required in advance, so it takes time and effort, and it cannot be used immediately or can only be used by registered people (for this reason, operating vehicles, etc.) It is difficult to use when a large number of people share a vehicle.)

JP 2004-249847 A JP 2008-7100 A JP 2008-160715 A JP 2008-204418 A Japanese Patent No. 3161065

  In view of the above problems, the present invention makes it impossible to start the engine when it is determined that the alcohol concentration in the breath of the driver is equal to or higher than the reference value, and the alcohol concentration of the driver is less than the reference value. It is an object of the present invention to provide a system for informing the waiting time until it becomes.

The present invention for solving the above problems is as follows.
A system that is installed in a vehicle and prevents a driver from drunk,
Alcohol concentration detection means for detecting the alcohol concentration in the breath of the driver of the vehicle;
Control means for controlling the start of the engine of the vehicle when the detection result by the alcohol concentration detection means is equal to or greater than a reference value;
A waiting time creating means for determining a waiting time until the alcohol concentration in the driver's breath becomes less than a reference value when the control means disables starting of the engine;
Standby time notifying means for notifying the driver of the standby time determined by the standby time creating means;
It is characterized by having.

  The driver seated in the driver's seat of the vehicle equipped with the drunk driving prevention system according to the present invention is subjected to an alcohol concentration test in his / her breath by the alcohol concentration detection means. If the alcohol concentration detected at this time is less than the reference value, the vehicle control means permits the engine to start, but if it is greater than the reference value, it is assumed that the driver is in a drunk state and the start is permitted. do not do. At this time, the waiting time until the alcohol concentration of the driver becomes less than the reference value is determined and notified to the driver. Since the driver can grasp the waiting time, the driver can perform tasks other than driving or take a nap during the waiting time, so that the waiting time can be effectively used.

The waiting time creating means includes weight information obtaining means for obtaining weight information of the driver, and alcohol information obtaining means for obtaining alcohol information including the type and amount of alcohol taken by the driver. ,
The waiting time can be determined based on the weight of the driver of the vehicle and the type and amount of alcohol taken by the driver.

  For example, since a person's alcohol digestion time is considered to be proportional to the person's weight, the waiting time can be calculated from the weight of the driver and the type and amount of alcohol taken by the person.

Furthermore, the waiting time creating means has activity type information obtaining means for obtaining information on an activity type of aldehyde dehydrogenase type 2 possessed by the driver,
The waiting time is preferably corrected by the activity type of the driver acquired by the activity type information acquisition unit.

  A person's alcohol digestion time is thought to vary depending on the type of activity the person has (the so-called alcohol strong or weak scale). Therefore, an accurate standby time can be calculated by taking into account the driver's activity type.

  The weight of the driver is acquired by detecting the weight with a weight measurement sensor provided in the driver's seat of the vehicle or receiving an input from the driver.

  The type of the driver's active type is acquired by receiving an input from the driver or performing an active type detection test on the spot (driver's seat).

  As a test of the type of activity type, there is a Tokyo University aldehyde dehydrogenase type 2 phenotype screening test and / or an ethanol patch test.

And the said waiting time alerting | reporting means has a transmission means which transmits information to the communication terminal device containing the mobile telephone which the said driver has,
You may make it alert | report the said waiting time to the said driver | operator via the said transmission means.

  Thereby, even if it is away from the driver or the vehicle, it can be known that the standby time has elapsed.

1 is a schematic view of an alcohol detection device 2 mounted on a vehicle 1. FIG. It is a block diagram of the drunk driving prevention system 100 of a present Example. It is a flowchart which shows the effect | action of the drunk driving prevention system 100 of a present Example. It is action explanatory drawing of the state which inputs the alcohol kind which the driver | operator ingested. It is action | operation explanatory drawing of the state which inputs the amount of alcohol which the driver | operator ingested. It is operation | movement explanatory drawing of the state which a driver | operator inputs a weight. It is action | operation explanatory drawing of the state which a driver | operator inputs an active type.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail. FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an alcohol detection device 2 mounted on a vehicle 1, FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a drunk driving prevention system 100 of the present embodiment, and FIG. 3 is a flowchart showing an operation of the drunk driving prevention system 100 of the present embodiment. It is.

  As shown in FIG. 1, the drunk driving prevention system 100 of this embodiment is mounted on a vehicle 1 (automobile) and includes an alcohol detection device 2. As shown in FIG. 1, the alcohol detection device 2 is attached to the driver's seat of the vehicle 1. For example, the alcohol detection device 2 is detachably connected to the instrument panel 3 of the driver's seat with a cable 4. When the driver seated in the driver's seat tries to start the engine of the vehicle 1, the driver breathes on the alcohol detection device 2. If the alcohol concentration in the exhalation is less than the reference value, the alcohol detection device 2 determines that the driver is not in a drunken state and permits the engine to start. If the alcohol concentration in the exhalation is higher than the reference value, the alcohol detection device 2 determines that the driver is in a drunk state and does not allow the engine to start. This prevents drunk driving.

  The drunk driving prevention system 100 of the present embodiment includes a control unit (alcohol ECU 7) having a microcomputer 5 and a memory 6, an operation unit 8 (for example, a touch panel) as input means, and an alcohol detection unit 9 (for example, the alcohol detection device 2). ), A weight measurement unit 11 (for example, a weight measurement sensor), and an aldehyde dehydrogenase type activity type determination unit 12 are connected. In addition, as an output means for waiting time until the alcohol detection result or the driver alcohol concentration becomes less than the reference value, the display unit 13 (for example, a liquid crystal display), a wireless or wired communication unit 14 and a speaker unit 15 are provided. It is connected.

  Next, the process until the alcohol (ethanol) in the driver's body is digested will be described. Most of the alcohol that gets into the driver's body is absorbed by the stomach and small intestine, then dissolved in the blood and sent to the liver. Here, alcohol dissolved in blood circulates in the body and reaches the brain. Then, alcohol acts on the nerve cells in the brain, paralyzes the nerve cells in the brain, and becomes a drunken state (a drunken state).

  In the liver, alcohol is decomposed into acetaldehyde by the action of alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH). Acetaldehyde is extremely toxic and causes unpleasant symptoms such as flushing of the face, headache, nausea and tachycardia. This acetaldehyde is decomposed by the action of aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) and converted to acetic acid. Acetic acid generated in the liver is decomposed into water and carbon dioxide gas and goes out of the body as it goes around the whole body. Part of the alcohol that enters the body is discharged outside the body as urine, sweat, and exhalation without being processed in the body.

  In the drunk driving prevention system 100 of the present embodiment, an algorithm for digesting alcohol ingested by a drunk driver and calculating a time (waiting time) until the alcohol concentration becomes less than a reference value will be described. The amount of alcohol that a person can digest per hour is a value obtained by multiplying the person's body weight by 0.1 and dividing it by 1000 (unit is grams). For example, it is assumed that a person weighing 70 kg ingested 350 ml (milliliter) of beer having an alcohol content of 5% (described later). At this time, the amount of alcohol in the beer is calculated by the following formula. In the formula, 0.8 is the specific gravity of beer.

  350 (ml) × 0.05 (5%) × 0.8 = 14 (g)

  Next, the amount of alcohol that can be digested per hour by a person weighing 70 kg is calculated by the following equation.

  70 (kg) × 0.1 ÷ 1000 = 0.007 (kg) → 7 (g)

  That is, the amount of alcohol that can be digested per hour by a person weighing 70 kg is 7 g. For this reason, the time required to digest 14 g of alcohol is calculated by the following equation.

  14 (g) ÷ 7 (g) = 2 (hours)

  As a result, when a person weighing 70 kg ingests 350 ml of beer (alcohol content: 5%), it is understood that it takes 2 hours to digest the alcohol.

  Here, there are individual differences in human alcohol digestion time, and a person who is physically weak in alcohol requires a longer time to digest alcohol. Individual differences in alcohol digestion time are caused by the active type of aldehyde dehydrogenase. Aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) has type 1 and type 2. Type 1 acts only when the concentration of acetaldehyde in the blood becomes high, and type 2 acts even at low concentrations. For this reason, aldehyde dehydrogenase type 2 acts mainly in a normal drinking state. The aldehyde dehydrogenase type 2 action status is “active” (so-called alcohol-resistant type), “low-activity type” (so-called alcohol-sensitive type), and “inactive type” (so-called alcohol-free type). are categorized.

  The following two tests will be described as means for determining the activity type of aldehyde dehydrogenase type 2.

(1) Ethanol patch test (alcohol patch test)
Soak the rubbing alcohol in the absorbent cotton and apply it so that it does not dry inside the upper arm of the subject (in this case, the driver) and keep it for 7 minutes. After 7 minutes, the absorbent cotton is removed and visually observed. If the skin is red, it is determined that the aldehyde dehydrogenase type 2 is inactive (so-called alcohol-free type). If there is no change in the skin, keep the cotton wool removed for an additional 10 minutes. If the skin turns red, it is judged as a low activity type of aldehyde dehydrogenase type 2 (so-called alcohol-sensitive type), and if there is no change, an active type of aldehyde dehydrogenase type 2 (so-called alcohol-resistant type) To be judged.

(2) TAST (Tokyo University aldehyde dehydrogenase type 2 expression screening test)
The subject (in this case, the driver) selects any one of “always appear”, “sometimes appear”, and “do not appear” for each symptom shown in Table 1. A score is set in advance for each item, and the total score of the items selected by the subject is calculated. The higher the total score, the more active aldehyde dehydrogenase type 2 (so-called alcohol-resistant type), the lower the aldehyde dehydrogenase type 2 inactive type (so-called alcohol-free type). The

  In the drunk driving prevention system 100 of the present embodiment, the determination of the active type of aldehyde dehydrogenase type 2 is performed on the spot (in the state where the driver is seated). Further, the driver may perform the above test in advance and store the result. And according to the aldehyde dehydrogenase type 2 activity type obtained in the above test, a coefficient to be multiplied by the equation for calculating the alcohol digestion time is set. For example, the coefficient is set to “1” for the active type, “1.5” for the low active type, and “2” for the non-active type. And the individual difference of a test subject (driver | operator) can be absorbed by multiplying the alcohol digestion time calculated by the algorithm mentioned above with a coefficient.

  The operation of the drunk driving prevention system 100 of the present embodiment will be described with reference to the flowchart of FIG. The alcohol detection device 2 mounted on the vehicle detects the alcohol concentration in the driver's breath (step S10). If the alcohol concentration at this time is less than the reference value (in the current law, the alcohol concentration in exhalation is 0.15 mg or more and the alcohol is in an alcoholic state) (“No” in step S20), the engine is started. Allow (step S110). If the alcohol concentration is above the reference value, the test result is displayed on the display unit 13 (for example, the display of the car navigation device) (step S30), alerting the driver with an alarm or the like, and allowing the engine to start do not do.

  Next, as shown in FIG. 4, a screen for inputting the type of alcohol taken is displayed on the display unit 13 (display) (step S40). On this screen, an alcohol type item 16 classified by the frequency of alcohol (volume concentration of ethanol with respect to the alcoholic beverage) is displayed, and the driver selects ingested alcohol by touching the screen with the finger 16. . For example, if the driver drank beer, touch the item “Beer Happoshu Chuhai”. These alcohol frequencies are set to 5%, for example.

  Next, as shown in FIG. 5, a screen for inputting the amount of alcohol taken is displayed on the display unit 13 (step S50). On this screen, numeric keys 18 to 9 and a decision key 19 are displayed, and the driver inputs the amount of alcohol taken by touching each numeric key 18 with a finger 17. For example, when the driver drinks only one canned beer (350 ml), the number keys “3”, “5”, and “0” are sequentially touched, and the decision key 19 is touched. Then, “350 ml” is displayed on the screen. If the input is correct, the feed key 21 displayed as “Next” is touched. If the input is different, a correction key (not shown) is touched and input again. In this embodiment, the amount of alcohol taken by the driver is directly input. However, for example, in the case of beer, icons such as canned beer, beer bottle, and glass may be displayed and selected.

  Next, as shown in FIG. 6, a screen for inputting the weight of the driver is displayed on the display unit 13 (step S60). On this screen, as with the screen in step S50, the numeric keys 22 and the decision key 23 from 0 to 9 are displayed, and the driver touches his / her own weight and the numeric keys 22 with the finger 17. Enter by. A load sensor may be attached to the driver's seat and the driver's weight may be automatically measured. In this case, step S60 is not necessary.

  If the weight input by the driver is correct, the feed key 24 displayed as “Next” is touched. Then, the microcomputer 5 of the alcohol ECU 7 calculates the alcohol digestion time of the driver based on the data input by the driver and the algorithm described above (step S70). The alcohol digestion time calculated here is calculated based on the weight of the driver, and does not take into account the aldehyde dehydrogenase type 2 activity type. For this reason, the driver inputs an activity type of aldehyde dehydrogenase type 2 (step S80). In this operation, as shown in FIG. 7, items 25 of “active type”, “low active type”, and “inactive type” are displayed on the display unit 13 (display), and the driver performs a predetermined operation with the finger 17. This is done by touching the item 25. Then, the microcomputer 5 of the alcohol ECU 7 calculates the waiting time by multiplying the alcohol digestion time calculated in step 70 by the coefficient of the selected activity type, and displays it on the display unit 13 (step S90). Thus, the driver can know the waiting time until the alcohol concentration becomes less than the reference value.

  In step S80, the aldehyde dehydrogenase type 2 activity type determination means (for example, TAST in Table 1) is displayed on the display unit 13, and the driver touches an item on the spot as necessary. The activity type may be determined.

  The calculated standby time can be transmitted to an information communication terminal such as a mobile phone possessed by the driver via the communication unit 14 mounted on the vehicle. Further, when the calculated waiting time has elapsed, the fact may be transmitted to the information communication terminal possessed by the driver via the communication unit 14. During this waiting time, the driver can perform another work or take a nap, so the driver can effectively use the waiting time.

  After the standby time has elapsed (“Yes” in step S100), the alcohol ECU 7 permits the engine to start. In order to further prevent drunk driving, the driver may be required to operate the alcohol detection device again, and the engine may be allowed to start based on the detection result. As a result, in order to shorten the waiting time, even if the driver inputs a small amount of alcohol, it is necessary to wait for a predetermined time by detecting the alcohol again, and illegal input will not be effective. .

  In the case of a conventional alcohol detection device for a vehicle, drunk driving is prevented by not allowing the engine to start when the alcohol concentration in the driver's breath is above a reference value. For this reason, although the conventional alcohol detection device has an effect of preventing drunk driving, it is difficult for the driver to know how much waiting time is required. In the drunk driving prevention system of the present embodiment, not only does the engine start not be permitted, but also informs the driver how much waiting time is required. This waiting time is calculated by taking into account not only the alcohol digestion time determined by the driver's weight but also the aldehyde dehydrogenase type 2 activity type of the driver. For this reason, even when an unspecified number of drivers drive like a rental car, the waiting time is displayed with high accuracy. Thereby, the driver can effectively use the standby time.

  In the drunk driving prevention system 100 of the present embodiment, the driver's drunk state is determined by detecting the alcohol concentration in the driver's breath. However, instead of checking the driver's breath, the driver's drunk state may be detected by detecting the alcohol concentration in the air around the driver's seat.

  INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY The present invention can be used as a drunk driving prevention system for a vehicle for a drunk driver to prevent drunk driving.

2 Alcohol detection device (alcohol concentration detection means)
5 Microcomputer (waiting time creation means)
7 Alcohol ECU (control means)
8 Operation part (weight information acquisition means, alcohol information acquisition means, activity type information acquisition means)
11 Weight measurement unit (weight information acquisition means)
13 Display section (waiting time notification means)
14 Communication unit (waiting time notification means, transmission means)
15 Speaker unit (waiting time notification means)
100 Drunk driving prevention system

Claims (9)

A system that is installed in a vehicle and prevents a driver from drunk,
Alcohol concentration detection means for detecting the alcohol concentration in the breath of the driver of the vehicle;
Control means for controlling the start of the engine of the vehicle when the detection result by the alcohol concentration detection means is equal to or greater than a reference value;
A waiting time creating means for determining a waiting time until the alcohol concentration in the driver's breath becomes less than a reference value when the control means disables starting of the engine;
Standby time notifying means for notifying the driver of the standby time determined by the standby time creating means;
A drunk driving prevention system characterized by comprising: The waiting time creating means includes weight information obtaining means for obtaining weight information of the driver, and alcohol information obtaining means for obtaining alcohol information including the type and amount of alcohol taken by the driver. ,
The drunk driving prevention system according to claim 1, wherein the waiting time is determined based on a weight of a driver of the vehicle and a type and amount of alcohol taken by the driver. The waiting time creating means has activity type information obtaining means for obtaining information on an activity type of aldehyde dehydrogenase type 2 possessed by the driver,
The drunk driving prevention system according to claim 2, wherein the waiting time is corrected according to the activity type of the driver acquired by the activity type information acquisition unit.   The drunk driving prevention system according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the weight information acquisition means is a weight measurement sensor provided in a driver's seat of the vehicle.   The drunk driving prevention system according to claim 2, wherein the weight information acquisition unit is a unit that acquires the information by receiving input of own weight information from the driver.   The alcohol drinking according to any one of claims 2 to 5, wherein the alcohol information acquiring means is means for acquiring the information by receiving an input of alcohol information taken by the driver from the driver. Driving prevention system.   The said active type information acquisition means is a means to acquire the information by receiving the input of the information of own active type from the said driver, The any one of Claim 3 thru | or 6 characterized by the above-mentioned. Drunk driving prevention system.   The drunk driving prevention according to claim 7, wherein the type of activity type of the driver is determined based on a test result of the Tokyo University aldehyde dehydrogenase type 2 phenotype screening test and / or ethanol patch test. system. The waiting time notifying means has a transmitting means for transmitting information to a communication terminal device including a mobile phone possessed by the driver,
The drunk driving prevention system according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the waiting time is notified to the driver via the transmission means.

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