JP2012026970A - Home electric appliance and power consumption measuring method thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To simplify a system such as suppressing costs of the overall system when spreading a device in which power consumption of each home electric appliance is collected and a user is allowed to easily watch the collected power consumption using an information processing apparatus.SOLUTION: Each of home electric appliances 7, 8, 9 has an effective current measuring means and on the basis of a conversion table, a power factor of the appliance is derived from both of or either of a measured effective current value and an appliance control state and outputted to the outside of the appliance by a radio communication antenna 11. In an information processing apparatus 10 which handles power information, an effective voltage value applied from a system power source is measured and, by multiplying the effective current value and the power factor received from each of the home electric appliances 7, 8, 9 and the measured effective voltage value, power consumption of each of the home electric appliances 7, 8, 9 is calculated. Thus, a power measuring circuit within each of the home electric appliances 7, 8, 9 can be simplified.

Description

  The present invention relates to a household electrical appliance that communicates with an information processing device to exchange information in order to perform energy-saving operation and centralized control, and a power measurement method for the household electrical appliance.

  In recent years, global warming countermeasures have been taken up as a global issue, and efforts are being made to reduce fossil fuel consumption in order to reduce carbon dioxide emissions, which is one of the causes. In this framework, home appliances such as air conditioners, refrigerators, and lighting equipment used in general households are required to reduce energy consumption while maintaining basic performance, that is, to save energy. Technological development for this is underway.

  On the other hand, there is a method in which the user appropriately adjusts / sets the operation mode of the home appliance as a means for preventing energy consumption more than necessary in the home appliance. For example, adjusting the temperature setting for an air conditioner and adjusting the dimming function for a lighting device correspond to this.

  However, since it is not easy for a user to continuously monitor and observe the surrounding environment while continuously setting a plurality of home appliances to the optimum operation mode, a plurality of home appliances and an information processing device are connected by communication. A technique for centrally controlling the whole while collecting information such as power consumption and operation mode of each home appliance in a processing device is being developed. Or, even if the optimal centralized control is not achieved, the information processing device collects the power consumption and operating state information of each household electrical appliance, and there is a mechanism that allows the user to easily view it. Increased interest in usage and energy saving effects can be expected.

  At the same time, simplification of the system is also important, such as minimizing the cost of the entire system so that such systems can be easily spread.

  As a method for realizing such a mechanism, a power measurement system that collects power consumption data of a large number of electric devices as in Patent Document 1 has been developed.

  According to this, a power detector equipped with a data transmission function is attached to the plug part connected to the commercial power supply of each electric device, and after receiving the instantaneous voltage / current value measured and transmitted by the power detector with a computer, A mechanism for performing data processing can be realized, and a system can be realized in which a user can check power data of a corresponding electric device by a computer. In particular, in this system, there is a description that the power detector may measure and transmit only the current value, and the voltage value measured on the computer side may be used. According to this, for each power detector, There is no need to provide a voltage waveform detection circuit, and the number of parts of the apparatus can be reduced.

Further, in a system for measuring the power consumption of a large number of power load circuits, a power measuring device as in Patent Document 2 has been developed as means for simplifying and reducing the cost of the configuration of a power detector.
According to this, in each power measuring device, the power value is calculated by multiplying the measured current waveform by a virtual sine wave synchronized with the zero cross signal, so it is necessary to provide a voltage waveform detection circuit for each power measuring device. It is possible to reduce the number of parts of the apparatus.

JP-A-6-300790 JP 2005-189012 A

  In the power consumption measurement, when the load to be measured is an ideal resistance load, the current waveform does not cause phase shift or waveform distortion with respect to the applied sine wave voltage waveform, so the power consumption is simply the effective voltage. It can be expressed by multiplying the value and effective current value. The effective voltage value can be measured by periodically sampling the voltage waveform with an A / D converter and calculating the root mean square for one cycle of the sine wave. Similarly, the effective current value can be measured from the current waveform. In such a case, the power consumption can be calculated by multiplying the voltage effective value and current effective value separately after taking into account the detailed timing such as sampling in synchronization between the voltage waveform and the current waveform. Can be measured.

  However, the input current waveform of home appliances often has a phase shift or waveform distortion with respect to a sinusoidal voltage waveform. In general, it can be said that these phase shifts and waveform distortions are characterized by differences in the circuit configuration of the home appliance input unit, for example, the circuit configuration of the triac phase control, capacitor input rectifier circuit, etc., and the constant setting in its design. In this case, it is a well-known fact that when a measurement similar to that of an ideal resistance load is performed, the result is that the apparent power is obtained but the power consumption is not measured.

  When the current waveform is accompanied by phase shift or distortion, the voltage waveform and current waveform must be sampled at the same time by the AD converter, then multiplied by the instantaneous voltage value and the instantaneous current value, and the average for one cycle of the sine wave must be taken. There is. In such a case, the sampling timing needs to be strictly synchronized between the voltage waveform and the current waveform.

  Here, in the description of the method using the power detector that measures and transmits only the current value and uses the voltage value measured on the computer side in Patent Document 1, there is no mention of synchronization with respect to the sampling of the current waveform and voltage waveform. In fact, it is only suitable for measuring resistance loads and is not suitable for household appliances in general.

  Next, in Patent Document 2, the sampling of the virtual voltage waveform and the current waveform is synchronized by synchronizing with the zero cross signal transmitted from the main device. However, transmission / reception of the zero-cross signal is performed by wire, and in order to measure the power consumption of each home appliance, it is necessary to install a communication line for each measuring device, which is very troublesome. Moreover, in any of Patent Documents 1 and 2, it is not easy to construct a system that synchronizes wirelessly due to the influence of a time lag on the system. In particular, a method that does not require sampling synchronization of the voltage waveform and the current waveform is indispensable for realizing an inexpensive and simple configuration suitable for home appliance use.

By the way, as the relationship between the above-mentioned apparent power and effective power, that is, power consumption
P = S · cos θ
There is an expression P is effective power, that is, power consumption, S is apparent power, and cos θ is power factor. Since the apparent power is the multiplication of the effective voltage value and the effective current value as described above, strict synchronization is not required for the sampling of the voltage and current. Therefore, if the power factor is known in advance, the power consumption can be calculated by further multiplying it. That is, it suggests that the power consumption can be measured without synchronizing the sampling on the voltage measurement side and the current measurement side.

  Here, the electric power measuring devices shown in Patent Documents 1 and 2 have no means for clarifying the power factor in advance because the electric device to be measured is unspecified. That is, there is no choice but to measure the power consumption in synchronization with the sampling of the voltage waveform and the current waveform.

  On the other hand, the present invention can synchronize the sampling of the voltage waveform and the current waveform if the electrical equipment to be measured by each power meter can be specified from the beginning and the power factor is known in advance. The purpose is to simplify the system by measuring the power without using it.

  The home electric appliance of the present invention has power connection means for connecting to the system power supply, and effective current measuring means for measuring the effective current value flowing from the system power supply to the inside of the equipment, and the measured effective current value and the device Deriving the power factor of the device based on the conversion table from the control state or one of them, deriving the power factor each time the effective current value is measured, and transmitting it to the outside of the device together with the measured effective current value It is characterized by.

  Further, the home appliance of the present invention has power connection means for connecting to the system power supply, and effective current measurement means for measuring the effective current value flowing from the system power supply to the inside of the equipment, and the measured effective current value and The power consumption based on the rated voltage of the device is derived from the control state of the device or one of the devices based on the conversion table, and is transmitted to the outside of the device as normalized power information.

  The power measurement method for home appliances of the present invention includes a power connection means for connecting to a system power supply, a voltage measurement means for measuring an effective voltage value applied from the system power supply, and an information input for transmitting / receiving information between the home appliances. In the information processing apparatus having the output means, the power connection means connected to the same system power supply as the information processing apparatus and connected to the system power supply, the voltage measurement means for measuring the effective voltage value applied from the system power supply, and the home appliance An information processing apparatus having an information input / output means for transmitting and receiving information between them has an effective current measuring means connected to the same system power supply as the information processing apparatus and measuring an effective current value flowing from the system power supply into the device. The power factor of the device is derived from the measured effective current value and the control state of the device or one of them based on the conversion table, and the power factor is derived each time the effective current value is measured. The power consumption of the home appliance is calculated by multiplying the effective current value and power factor received as information from the home appliance transmitted to the outside of the device together with the measured effective current value, and the measured effective voltage value. It is characterized by that.

  In addition, the power measuring method for home appliances according to the present invention includes power connection means for connecting to a system power source, voltage measuring means for measuring an effective voltage value applied from the system power source, and information transmitted / received between the home appliances. In the information processing apparatus having the input / output means, the effective current measuring means is connected to the same system power supply as the information processing apparatus and has an effective current measurement means for measuring an effective current value flowing from the system power supply to the inside of the device. Based on the conversion table based on the conversion table or the control state of the device and either one, the power consumption based on the rated voltage of the device is derived, and the normal power received as information from the home appliance that is sent to the outside of the device as normalized power information The power consumption of the household electrical appliance is calculated from the information on the power generation and the measured effective voltage value.

  According to the home appliance of the present invention, the power measuring means is provided in the home appliance in advance, and the power measurement target is determined to be the home appliance. In this case, it is possible to simplify the measurement circuit inside the home appliance by omitting voltage detection means such as zero cross signal generation on each home appliance and deriving the power factor from the circuit operation characteristics of the target home appliance. I can do it.

  Moreover, according to the household electrical appliance of this invention, the electric power measurement means is previously equipped in the household electrical appliance, and the electric power measurement object is decided with the household electrical appliance. In this case, by omitting voltage detection means such as zero-cross signal generation and deriving the power consumption of the device from the circuit operation characteristics of the target home appliance, it is possible to simplify the home appliance internal measurement circuit. In addition, the difference between the rated voltage of 100 V and the rated voltage of 200 V is also reflected in the derived normalized power information, so it is necessary to identify the difference in the rated voltage of each device on the side receiving the information from the home appliance. Disappears.

  According to the power measurement method for home electric appliances of the present invention, it is possible to correct measurement errors due to system voltage fluctuations only by providing voltage measurement means only in an information processing device that is installed in a home and that aggregates power information. Become.

  In addition, according to the power measurement method for household electrical appliances of the present invention, it is possible to correct measurement errors due to system voltage fluctuations only by providing voltage measurement means only in an information processing device installed in a home and collecting power information. It becomes possible. In addition, since the difference between the rated voltage of 100 V and the rated voltage of 200 V is reflected in the received normalized power information, the information processing apparatus does not need to identify the difference in the rated voltage of each device.

FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating an example of each home appliance connection mode according to the first embodiment. FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating a current value measuring unit and a device block inside the rated AC 100V home appliance according to the first and second embodiments. FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating an example of the relationship between the control angle of the phase control device and the power factor. FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating an example of the relationship between the effective current value and the power factor of the capacitor input device. FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating a voltage value measurement unit and functional blocks in the power monitor according to the first and second embodiments. FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating an example of each home appliance connection mode according to the second embodiment. FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating a current value measuring unit and a device block inside the rated AC 200V home appliance according to the second embodiment. FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating an example of the relationship between the effective current value of the capacitor input device and the power consumption.

  Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

  FIG. 1 is an example of a connection form of a system according to the first embodiment of the present invention that totals the power consumption status for each home appliance in a general household. Since the single-phase three-wire system is the mainstream in ordinary houses, the system wiring shows a single-phase three-wire in one set. When the power outlets 1 to 3 in the home are only AC 100V, the power outlets 1 to 3 are equally distributed and connected between the neutral line and the two voltage lines.

  There are a total of 3 rooms 4 to 6 in the house. The outlet 1 of the room 4 has an air conditioner 7, the outlet 2 of the room 5 has a refrigerator 8 and a microwave oven 9, and the outlet 3 of the room 6 has information processing. Although the power monitor 10 which is an apparatus is connected, if it sees in the whole house, all the household appliances (the air conditioner 7, the refrigerator 8, the microwave oven 9), and the power monitor 10 are connected to the same system | strain.

  A wireless communication antenna 11 is mounted on the air conditioner 7, refrigerator 8, microwave oven 9, and power monitor 10, and information such as power information and operation status can be transmitted and received between each home appliance and the power monitor 10.

  Next, FIG. 2 shows a schematic configuration inside each home electric appliance of the present embodiment. Power is directly supplied from the plug 12 connected to the system distribution line to the load circuit 13. The operation control in the load circuit 13 is different for each home appliance. For example, in the case of a thermoelectric device, the power to the thermoelectric element is controlled by TRIAC phase control or ON / OFF control by a relay. In the case of an inverter device, the input AC power is rectified and smoothed to be converted into DC power, and further converted into high-frequency AC power to supply power to the power source. At this time, the power is controlled using the frequency, amplitude, pulse width, etc. of the high-frequency alternating current as parameters.

  The control circuit 14 is supplied with electric power from the system via the switching power supply 15 and controls the entire home electric appliance. The control circuit 14 is equipped with an AD converter 16 and a microcomputer 17 and is connected to a wireless circuit 18.

  In the AD converter 16, the AC current waveform is sampled by being electrically insulated by a current transformer 19 for current detection, and the sampled digital data is transferred to the microcomputer 17. In addition, the part which uses for electric power detection is only the current transformer 19 for electric current detection, and does not detect a voltage in each household appliance. In order to calculate the power consumption for each home appliance, an effective voltage value and power factor information of each home appliance are required in addition to the effective current value. In this embodiment, the measured effective current value and the control state of the device are used. Or the power factor of the device is derived from either one based on the conversion table.

  For example, with a triac phase control electric heater, the power factor can be derived from the phase control angle as shown in FIG. Further, in the case of a device provided with a capacitor input type rectifier circuit in the input section, which is found in many inverter devices, the power factor can be derived from the measured effective current value as shown in FIG. As shown in the figure, the characteristics differ depending on the capacitor capacity of the input unit, but in any case, the characteristics of each home appliance are determined at the circuit design stage, and a conversion table for power factor derivation can be prepared in advance based on this characteristic. For example, the power factor can be known without detecting the voltage inside each home appliance.

  Next, FIG. 5 shows the internal configuration of the power monitor 10 of this embodiment. Although the insulation transformer 20 is disposed in the power monitor 10 for voltage detection, as described above, since each home appliance is connected to the same system, it only detects the voltage at one place. The power monitor 10 calculates the power of each home electric appliance as a transmission source from the effective current value and power factor transmitted from each home appliance and the effective voltage value detected by the power monitor 10.

  As described above, according to the present embodiment, only one voltage detection unit is required for the power monitor 10 and one current detection unit is required for each home appliance, and the energy saving system can be economically spread with a simplified configuration.

  FIG. 6 is an example of a system that counts the power consumption status for each home appliance in a general household according to the second embodiment of the present invention. As in the first embodiment, the system wiring shows a single-phase three-wire set as one set, but both the AC 100 V power outlets 1 to 3 and the AC 200 V power outlets 21 and 22 are used as household power outlets.

  The AC 100V power outlet 1 of the room 4 in the house has an air conditioner 7, the AC 200V power outlet 21 of the room 5 has an IH cooking heater 23, the AC 100V power outlet 2 has a refrigerator 8 and a microwave oven 9, and the AC 200V power outlet 22 of the room 6. Is connected to a large capacity air conditioner 24 of AC200V specification, and an AC100V power outlet 3 is connected to a power monitor 10 which is an information processing device. Connected to the grid.

  The air conditioner 7, the air conditioner 24, the refrigerator 8, the microwave oven 9, the IH cooking heater 23, and the power monitor 10 are equipped with a wireless communication antenna 11, and information such as power information and operation status can be transmitted and received between each home appliance and the power monitor 10. It has become.

  The configuration in each household electrical appliance with AC 100V input applied to the present embodiment, the portion used for power detection is the same as in the first embodiment, and only the current transformer 19 for current detection, the voltage in each household electrical appliance is Do not detect. Moreover, the structure in each household electrical appliance of AC200V input of a present Example is the same as that of AC100V household electrical appliance except that the plug 25 is for AC200V with a grounding as shown in FIG. Only the current transformer 19 is used, and no voltage is detected in each home appliance.

  In order to calculate the power consumption for each home appliance, the power factor information of each home appliance is required in addition to the effective current value of each home appliance. Or the power factor of the device is derived from either one based on the conversion table. The steps so far are the same as in the first embodiment, but in this embodiment, AC100V home appliances and AC200V home appliances are mixed, and only the effective current value measured from each home appliance and the derived power factor are stored in the power monitor 10. Even if it is transmitted, the voltage information, that is, whether it is an AC100V device or an AC200V device is not known, so the power consumption of each device cannot be calculated.

  Therefore, each home appliance multiplies the effective current value by the power factor and the rated voltage value (100 or 200) of each device, and transmits the normalized power value to the power monitor 10 as the rated voltage AC100V.

  Next, the internal configuration of the power monitor 10 of this embodiment is as shown in FIG. The power monitor is provided with an insulation transformer 20 for detecting AC 100V for voltage detection. As described above, since each home appliance is connected to the same system, it is only necessary to detect the voltage at one place. is there. The power monitor 10 calculates the ratio between the rated voltage value of 100 V and the measured effective voltage value, corrects the power value normalized by the AC 100 V transmitted from each home appliance, and the power of the transmission source home appliance. Is calculated.

  In addition, here, when normalizing the power value in each home appliance, the example in which the rated voltage value (100 or 200) of each device is multiplied by the product of the effective current value and the power factor, For household electrical appliances, the effective current value is multiplied by the power factor. When the rated voltage is AC100V, the power is multiplied by 1 and when the rated voltage is AC200V, the power is transmitted to the power monitor 10 and detected on the power monitor 10 side. A method of multiplying the effective voltage value may be used.

  In the case where the power factor can be derived from the effective current value, such as a home appliance having a capacitor input type rectifier circuit in the input section, the power directly normalized from the effective current value as shown in FIG. Can be derived.

  The power factor is derived from the measured effective current value, and the normalized power is directly derived from the effective current value by the conversion table without going through the steps of multiplying the effective current value, the power factor, and the rated voltage value. Anyway.

1-3 AC100V power outlet 4-6 rooms 7 Air conditioner (AC100V specification)
8 Refrigerator 9 Microwave oven 10 Power monitor 11 Wireless communication antenna 12 Plug (AC100V specification)
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 13 Load circuit 14 Control circuit 15 Switching power supply 16 AD converter 17 Microcomputer 18 Radio circuit 19 Current transformer 20 Insulation transformer 21, 22 AC200V power outlet 23 IH cooking heater 24 Air conditioner (AC200V specification)
25 plug (AC200V specification)

Claims (4)

  Power supply connection means for connecting to the system power supply and effective current measurement means for measuring the effective current value flowing from the system power supply to the inside of the device, wherein the measured effective current value and the control state of the device, or one of them A power device is derived from the conversion table based on the conversion table, the power factor is derived each time the effective current value is measured, and transmitted to the outside of the device together with the measured effective current value.   Power supply connection means for connecting to the system power supply, and effective current measurement means for measuring the effective current value flowing from the system power supply to the inside of the device, and from the measured effective current value and the control state of the device or one of them A home electric appliance characterized by deriving power consumption based on the rated voltage of the device based on a conversion table and transmitting the power as normalized power information to the outside of the device.   In the information processing apparatus comprising: power connection means for connecting to the system power supply; voltage measurement means for measuring an effective voltage value applied from the system power supply; and information input / output means for transmitting / receiving information to / from home appliances. Connected to the same system power supply as the processing equipment, and has an effective current measurement means for measuring the effective current value flowing from the system power supply to the inside of the device, and converted from the measured effective current value and the control state of the device or one of them Deriving the power factor of the device based on the table, deriving the power factor every time the effective current value is measured, and the effective current value received as information from the home appliance that is transmitted to the outside of the device together with the measured effective current value The power consumption of the home appliance is calculated by multiplying the power factor by the measured effective voltage value and the power consumption of the home appliance.   An information processing apparatus comprising: power connection means for connecting to a system power supply; voltage measurement means for measuring an effective voltage value applied from the system power supply; and information input / output means for transmitting / receiving information to / from home appliances. Connected to the same system power supply as the device, and has an effective current measurement means for measuring the effective current value flowing from the system power supply to the inside of the device, and converted from the measured effective current value and the control state of the device to the conversion table Based on the normalized power information received as information from the home appliance that transmits to the outside of the device as normalized power information and the measured effective voltage value, the power consumption based on the rated voltage of the device is derived based on A power measurement method for home appliances, characterized by calculating power consumption of the home appliances.

Images