JP2012022111A - Developing device, cleaner, process cartridge, and image forming apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a developing device capable of carrying out stable image formation by achieving a simple and low-cost configuration for fixing a developing blade to a development frame body, by minimizing flexure of the developing blade, and by making the contact force of the developing blade with a developing roller even.SOLUTION: In the representative configuration of the developing device, a process cartridge, and an image forming apparatus relating to the present invention, the developing device includes: a developing roller 24 for developing an electrostatic latent image on a photoreceptor drum 41 by using developer; a developing blade 25 for regulating the thickness of the developer on the developing roller 24; and a blade seating face 33 supporting the developing blade 25 at two points in the lengthwise direction of the developing blade 25. In the developing device, a developing blade seat face 33 is provided within the range where the developing roller 24 and the developing blade 25 are in contact with each other.

Description

  The present invention relates to an image forming apparatus such as a copying machine or a printer that employs an electrophotographic system, and a developing device, a cleaning device, and a process cartridge used therefor.

  In a developing device used in a conventional image forming apparatus, a developing roller that is a developer carrying member, a developing blade that is a developer regulating member that regulates the thickness of the developer on the developing roller, and a developer applied to the developing roller Some have application rollers or the like. These are supported by a developing frame (developing member support frame) and are combined with a developing frame containing a developer.

  In this type of developing device, it is important that the developing blade bends in the longitudinal direction to the minimum and the developing blade contacts the developing roller uniformly. When a large deflection occurs in the longitudinal direction of the developing blade, the developing blade contact pressure against the developing roller becomes non-uniform in the developing blade longitudinal direction. In the portion where the contact pressure is low, the toner layer thickness on the developing roller is increased, which causes the toner on the transfer material to be developed even in a portion where the toner is not supposed to be placed. Further, in the portion where the contact pressure is high, the toner layer thickness on the developing roller becomes thin, which may cause a problem that a sufficient image density cannot be obtained.

  In order to solve this problem, there are some which increase the straightness and flatness of the support plate of the developing blade and accurately position the relative position of the developing blade with respect to the developing roller. In addition, there is one in which both ends of the developing blade are fixed with a small screw or the like so that the developing blade does not move with respect to the developing frame (refer to page 3-7 of FIG. 3 and FIG. 3).

  Further, some cleaning devices used in conventional image forming apparatuses have a photosensitive drum rotatably attached to a cleaning frame. From the photosensitive drum, transfer residual toner (waste toner) is removed by a cleaning blade, and the removed waste toner is collected in a waste toner chamber provided at the rear of the cleaning frame.

  Even in this type of cleaning device, it is important that the cleaning blade bends in the longitudinal direction to the minimum and the cleaning blade contacts the photosensitive drum uniformly. When a large deflection occurs in the longitudinal direction of the cleaning blade, the contact pressure of the cleaning blade against the photosensitive drum becomes non-uniform in the longitudinal direction of the cleaning blade. In the portion where the contact pressure is low, the cleaning performance deteriorates.

  Therefore, like the developing blade, the straightness and flatness of the support plate of the cleaning blade are increased, and the position of the tip of the cleaning blade is accurately positioned with respect to the photosensitive drum. The cleaning blade is also fixed with a small screw or the like so as not to move with respect to the cleaning frame.

JP 2000-075643 A (page 3-7, FIG. 3)

  However, in the developing device and the cleaning device of Patent Document 1, it is important to minimize the bending of the support plate due to fixing when fixing the developing blade and the cleaning blade, and the strength such as increasing the thickness of the support plate There was a way to make it higher. For this reason, the material cost becomes high and costs increase.

  Accordingly, the present invention provides a stable image formation with a simple and low-cost configuration that minimizes the bending of the developing blade, uniformizing the contact pressure of the developing blade against the developing roller when the developing blade is fixed to the developing frame. An object of the present invention is to provide a developing device capable of performing the above. In addition, when the cleaning blade is fixed to the cleaning frame, the cleaning performance can be stabilized by minimizing the deflection of the cleaning blade, making the contact pressure of the cleaning blade uniform with the photosensitive drum, with a simple and low-cost configuration. An object of the present invention is to provide a developing device that can be used.

  In order to solve the above problems, a typical configuration of a developing device, a process cartridge, and an image forming apparatus according to the present invention includes a developing roller that develops an electrostatic latent image on an image carrier using a developer, and the developing device. In the developing device having a developing blade that regulates the thickness of the developer on the roller and a support portion that supports the developing blade at two points in the longitudinal direction of the developing blade, the support portion is in the longitudinal direction, The developing roller and the developing blade are provided in a range in contact with each other.

  In order to solve the above problems, a typical configuration of a cleaning device, a process cartridge, and an image forming apparatus according to the present invention includes a cleaning blade for cleaning toner on an image carrier, and the cleaning blade in the longitudinal direction of the cleaning blade. In the cleaning device, the support unit is provided in a range where the image carrier and the cleaning blade are in contact with each other, and the cleaning unit is disposed in the longitudinal direction of the support unit. With reference to the center of the range Lc where the blade and the image carrier are in contact, they are provided at a position separated by 0.28 Ld in a predetermined direction and at a position separated by 0.28 Ld in a direction opposite to the predetermined direction. It is characterized by.

  According to the present invention, when the developing blade is fixed to the developing frame, a simple and low-cost configuration minimizes the bending of the developing blade, makes the contact pressure of the developing blade against the developing roller uniform, and stabilizes the image. The formation can be done. In addition, when the cleaning blade is fixed to the cleaning frame, the cleaning performance can be stabilized by minimizing the deflection of the cleaning blade, making the contact pressure of the cleaning blade uniform with the photosensitive drum, with a simple and low-cost configuration. wear.

(A) is a front view of a developing frame provided with a developing blade and a developing roller. (B) is a front view of the developing frame alone before attaching the developing blade. (A) The developing blade and the developing frame in which the developing roller is installed when the developing blade seating surface includes a position 0.28 Ld away from the developing blade center with respect to a range Ld where the developing blade and the developing roller contact each other. It is a front view. (B) The front surface of the developing unit frame before attaching the developing blade when the developing blade seating surface includes a position 0.28 Ld away from the developing blade center with respect to the range Ld where the developing blade contacts the developing roller FIG. (A) It is the perspective view seen from the drive side of the process cartridge which concerns on this embodiment. (B) It is the perspective view seen from the non-driving side of the process cartridge concerning this embodiment. FIG. 4A is a perspective view of a developing frame unit of the developing unit. (B) It is a figure explaining attachment to the development frame body of a development blade. (C) is a perspective view of a developing unit. (A) It is a perspective view of the cleaning frame single-piece | unit of a cleaning unit. (B) It is a figure explaining attachment to the cleaning frame of a cleaning blade. (C) It is a perspective view of a cleaning unit. This is an example of a cleaning frame that is arranged so that the cleaning blade seating surface is included in a position including a position that is 0.28 Lc away from the center of the cleaning blade with respect to a range Lc where the cleaning blade and the photosensitive drum abut. It is a block diagram of the process cartridge which concerns on this embodiment. 1 is a configuration diagram of an image forming apparatus according to an exemplary embodiment. It is a figure explaining the position of the seat surface where bending becomes the minimum.

    Embodiments of a developing device, a cleaning device, a process cartridge, and an image forming apparatus according to the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

(Overall configuration of image forming apparatus)
FIG. 8 is a configuration diagram of the image forming apparatus 100 according to the present embodiment. As shown in FIG. 8, in the image forming apparatus 100, each of the electrophotographic photosensitive drums (image carriers) 41 (41y, 41m) in which the laser light 7 based on the image signal is charged by the charging roller 43 by the laser scanner 6. , 41c, 41k) is irradiated on the surface to form an electrostatic latent image. Then, the electrostatic latent image is developed using a developer (toner) by each developing roller 24, and toner images (developed images) are formed on the surfaces of the respective photosensitive drums 41y to 41k. Then, by applying a voltage to the transfer rollers 8y, 8m, 8c, and 8k, the toner images of the respective colors formed on the photosensitive drums 41y to 41k are sequentially primary transferred onto the transfer belt 9. Thereafter, the toner image formed on the transfer belt 9 is secondarily transferred by the transfer roller 2 to the recording medium P conveyed by the feeding roller 1. Thereafter, the recording medium P is conveyed to a fixing unit 3 including a driving roller and a fixing roller incorporating a heater. Here, by applying heat and pressure to the recording medium P, the toner image transferred to the recording medium P is fixed. Thereafter, the recording medium P on which the toner image is fixed is discharged to the discharge unit 5 by the discharge roller pair 4.

(Overall configuration of process cartridge)
As shown in FIG. 8, the image forming apparatus 100 includes process cartridges 12y, 12m, 12c, and 12k. Since the process cartridges 12y to 12k have the same configuration except that the toners T of different colors are stored, the process cartridge 12y will be described below.

  FIG. 7 is a configuration diagram of the process cartridge according to the present embodiment. As shown in FIG. 7, the process cartridge 12 y has a photosensitive drum 41 and process means acting on the photosensitive drum 41 as a cartridge. The process means includes a charging roller 43, a developing roller 24, a cleaning blade 44, and the like. The process cartridge 12 y is divided into a developing unit 23 and a cleaning unit 42.

(Developing unit 23)
As shown in FIG. 7, the developing unit 23 includes a developing roller 24, a developing blade 25, a supply roller 26, a developing frame 28, and a bearing unit 11 (FIG. 3). In the developing frame 28, a toner storage portion 31 and a supply roller 26 are disposed. The toner stored in the toner storage unit 31 is conveyed to the supply roller 26 and carried on the developing roller 24. The toner carried on the developing roller is regulated in thickness by the developing blade 25 as the developing roller 24 rotates to form a predetermined toner thin layer. The toner thinned on the developing roller 24 is conveyed to a developing portion where the photosensitive drum 41 and the developing roller 24 are in contact with each other, applied with a developing bias, and attached to the electrostatic latent image to be developed as a toner image. To do. The toner remaining on the surface of the developing roller 24 without contributing to the development of the electrostatic latent image is peeled off and collected from the developing roller 24 at the sliding portion between the developing roller 24 and the supply roller 26.

(Cleaning unit 42)
As shown in FIG. 7, the cleaning unit 42 includes a photosensitive drum 41, a charging roller 43, a cleaning blade 44, a cleaning frame body 45, a waste toner chamber 46, and a flexible sheet member 48. The transfer residual toner on the photosensitive drum 41 (on the image carrier) is removed from the drum by the cleaning blade 44 and collected in a waste toner chamber 46 provided behind the cleaning frame. The flexible sheet member 48 is sealed so that transfer residual toner does not leak out of the cleaning frame body 45.

(Assembly of cleaning unit 42 and developing unit 23)
As shown in FIGS. 3A and 3B, the protrusion 28 b of the developing frame 28 is fitted into the support hole 34 Ra of the right unit cover 34 R of the cleaning frame 45. The cylindrical portion 28a of the developing device frame 28 is fitted into the support hole 34La of the unit cover 34L on the left side of the cleaning frame 45.

In the cleaning unit 42, the photosensitive drum 41 is rotatably attached to the cleaning frame body 45. The left and right ends of the photosensitive drum 41 are held by unit covers 34L and 34R. The developing unit 23 is urged in the direction of arrow G by the pressure spring 13 and is rotatably supported with respect to the cleaning unit 42. The developing unit 23 rotates in the direction of the arrow H in FIG. 7 with the cylindrical portion 28a and the protruding portion 28b as rotation centers, and the developing roller 24 is brought into contact with the photosensitive drum 41 with a predetermined pressure.

(Support of developing blade 25 to developing frame 28)
FIG. 4 is a perspective view for explaining the attachment of the developing blade 25 to the developing frame 28. As shown in FIG. 4B, the developing blade 25 is formed in a plate shape, and includes a regulating member 21 and a support member 22. The regulating member 21 regulates the toner layer thickness on the developing roller 24. The support member 22 holds the regulating member 21 on the developing frame 28.

  The material of the regulating member 21 may be metal or resin. When the regulating member 21 is formed of resin, it can be integrally formed with the support member 22 having high rigidity. When the regulating member 21 is made of metal, the regulating member 21 is integrally fixed to the support member 22 by means such as welding. In the present embodiment, the support member 22 is bent into an L shape. However, when the regulating member 21 contacts the developing roller 24, a uniform load is applied from the developing roller 24. For example, the shape of the entire developing blade 25 is not particularly limited.

  FIGS. 4A to 4C are views for explaining the installation of the developing blade 25 on the developing frame 28. FIG. As shown in FIGS. 4A and 4B, when the developing blade 25 is installed on the developing frame 28, first, the two developing blade seat surfaces (supporting portions) 33 of the developing frame 28 are placed on the developing frame 28. Then, the support member 22 is brought into contact. Then, as shown in FIG. 4C, the support member 22 is fixed to the developing blade seat surface 33 (developing frame body 28) through the two holes 22 a of the support member 22 as shown in FIG. Although the fixing method is fixed with a small screw, the fixing method is not particularly limited as long as the developing blade 25 is supported and fixed at two points.

  FIG. 1A is a front view of the developing frame 28 provided with the developing blade 25 and the developing roller 24. FIG. 1B is a front view of the developing frame 28 alone before the developing blade 25 is attached. As shown in FIG. 1, the two seating surfaces 33 of the developing device frame 28 are positioned at the inner side in the longitudinal direction (arrow X direction) of the range Ld where the regulating member 21 and the developing roller 24 abut in the longitudinal direction of the developing blade. Is provided. The seat surface 33 fixes the developing blade 25 to the developing frame 28 at two points.

(Comparison of the maximum amount of deflection of the regulating member 21)
Here, the maximum deflection amount of the regulating member 21 related to the arrangement of the seat surface 33 is compared.

First, the seating surfaces 33 are disposed at both end portions outside the range Ld, and the restriction member 21 is held. In this case, the maximum amount of deflection of the regulating member 21 is δA. When W is a load, E is a longitudinal elastic modulus of the regulating member 21, and I is a second moment of section of the regulating member 21, the maximum deflection amount δA is δA = (1/384) × (W / (E × I)). × Ld ⁴

  Next, as a configuration of the present embodiment, the seat surface 33 is disposed at a position inside the range Ld and the restriction member 21 is held. In this case, the maximum amount of deflection of the restricting member 21 is δB generated between the two seating surfaces 33 and δB generated at the left and right end portions of the restricting member 21. LB: Assuming the distance between the seating surfaces 33 (0 <LB <Ld), δB and δB are obtained by the following equations (1) and (2).

δB = (1/384) × (W / (E × I)) × LB ^4. Formula (1)
δC = (1/8) × (W / (E × I)) × ((L−LB) / 2) ⁴ ·· Formula (2)

  Here, from the relationship of LB <Ld, δB and δC are each smaller than δA. Therefore, by providing the seat surface 33 on the inner side in the longitudinal direction of the range Ld where the regulating member 21 and the developing roller 24 abut, it is possible to suppress the deflection of the regulating member 21 with a simple and low-cost configuration. As a result, the contact pressure of the developing blade 25 with respect to the developing roller 24 is made uniform so that stable contact with the developing roller 24 is possible, and stable image formation can be performed.

  Further, it is not necessary to provide the seat surface 33 outside the developing blade 25, and the entire cartridge can be reduced in size. Moreover, in order to suppress the bending of the support member 22, it is not necessary to increase the strength such as increasing the plate thickness of the support member 22, and the cost of the material can be reduced.

  Here, the further optimal arrangement | positioning of the seat surface 33 is demonstrated. FIG. 2 shows the seating surface 33 in FIG. 1 arranged at a position including the position where the developing blade seating surface is 0.28 Ld away from the center of the developing blade with respect to the range Ld. The position separated by 0.28 L may be within the range of the seating surface 33, and may be at the end in the longitudinal direction of the seating surface 33.

  As shown in FIG. 2, the two seating surfaces 33 are separated by 0.28 Ld in a predetermined direction (leftward in the longitudinal direction) with respect to the center of the range Ld where the regulating member 21 and the developing roller 24 abut. It is provided at a position 0.28 Ld away from the predetermined direction in the opposite direction (rightward in the longitudinal direction). From the above formulas (1) and (2), the position of the seat surface 33 at which the amount of deflection of the regulating member 21 is minimum is 0.28 Ld on the left and right with respect to the center of the range Ld.

  Here, the reason why the position of the seating surface 33 where the amount of bending of the regulating member 21 is the minimum is 0.28 Ld to the left and right with respect to the center of the range Ld will be described. FIG. 9 is a diagram for explaining the position of the seating surface at which the bending is minimized. As shown in FIG. 9, the amount of deflection is maximized using a model in which the regulating member 21 is a bar having an L length and is supported at a position (position of the seating surface 33) separated from the center in the longitudinal direction by a distance a. The distance a at which the center deflection amount δA and the left and right free end deflection amounts δB are minimized is obtained.

δA is δA = 1/384 · W / EI · (2a) ⁴ δB is δB = 1/8 · W / EI · (b) ⁴ Since δA and δB are minimum when δA = δB, 1/384 · W / EI · (2a) ⁴ = 1/8 · W / EI · (b) ⁴ is calculated and {2a -48 ^1/4 b} {2a + 48 ^1/4 b} {(2a) ² +48 ^1/2 b ² } = 0 is obtained.

Here, since a> 0 and b> 0, a satisfying {2a−48 ^1/4 b} = 0 is a solution that minimizes the deflection amounts δA and δB. Here, if a + b = 2L is substituted, a = 0.28L is obtained. From the above, the position of the seating surface 33 where the deflection amounts δA and δB are the minimum is 0.28 Ld from the center.

  The two seating surfaces 33 were provided at a position of 0.28 Ld on the left and right with respect to the center of the range Ld. As a result, the deflection of the regulating member 21 can be minimized, the variation in the contact pressure of the developing blade 25 can be further reduced, and the developing roller 24 can be more stably contacted.

(Support of cleaning blade 44 to cleaning frame 45)
FIG. 5 is a perspective view for explaining the attachment of the cleaning blade 44 to the cleaning frame 45. As shown in FIG. 5B, the cleaning blade 44 is formed in a plate shape and includes an elastic member 50 and a support member 51. The elastic member 50 cleans the transfer residual toner on the photosensitive drum 41. The support member 51 holds the elastic member 50 on the cleaning frame body 45.

  The elastic member 50 is a casting type and is integrally formed with a support member 51 having rigidity. In this embodiment, the support member 51 is bent into an L shape. However, when the elastic member 50 comes into contact with the photosensitive drum 41, a uniform load is applied from the photosensitive drum 41. For example, the shape of the entire cleaning blade 44 is not particularly limited.

  FIGS. 5A to 5C are views for explaining the installation of the cleaning blade 44 on the cleaning frame 45. As shown in FIGS. 5A and 5B, when the cleaning blade 44 is installed on the cleaning frame body 45, first, the support member 51 is placed on the two cleaning blade seat surfaces 47 of the cleaning frame body 45. Abut. Then, as shown in FIG. 5C, the support member 51 is fixed to the seat surface 47 (cleaning frame body 45) through the two holes 51 a of the support member 51 as shown in FIG. Although the fixing method is fixed with a small screw, the fixing method is not particularly limited as long as the cleaning blade 44 is supported and fixed at two points.

  FIG. 6A is a front view of a cleaning frame 45 in which the cleaning blade 44 and the photosensitive drum 41 are installed. FIG. 6B is a front view of the cleaning frame 45 alone before the cleaning blade 44 is attached. As shown in FIG. 6, the two seating surfaces 47 of the cleaning frame 45 are positioned on the inside in the longitudinal direction (arrow X direction) of the range Lc where the elastic member 50 and the photosensitive drum 41 abut in the longitudinal direction of the cleaning blade 44. Is provided. The seat surface 47 fixes the cleaning blade 44 to the cleaning frame body 45 at two points.

(Comparison of maximum deflection amount of elastic member 50)
Here, the maximum deflection amount of the elastic member 50 related to the arrangement of the seat surface 47 is compared.

First, the seating surfaces 47 are disposed at both end portions outside the range Lc, and the elastic member 50 is held. In this case, the maximum amount of deflection of the elastic member 50 is δA. When W is a load, E is a longitudinal elastic modulus of the elastic member 50, and I is a cross-sectional secondary moment of the elastic member 50, the maximum deflection amount δA is δA = (1/384) × (W / (E × I)). × Lc ⁴

  Next, as a configuration of the present embodiment, the seat surface 47 is disposed at a position inside the range Lc, and the elastic member 50 is held. In this case, the maximum amount of deflection of the elastic member 50 is δB generated between the two seating surfaces 47 and δB generated at the left and right end portions of the elastic member 50. LB: Assuming the distance between the seating surfaces 47 (0 <LB <Lc), δB and δB are obtained by the following equations (1) and (2).

δB = (1/384) × (W / (E × I)) × LB ^4. Formula (1)
δC = (1/8) × (W / (E × I)) × ((L−LB) / 2) ⁴ ·· Formula (2)

  Here, from the relationship of LB <Lc, δB and δC are each smaller than δA. Therefore, by providing the seat surface 47 on the inner side in the longitudinal direction of the range Lc where the elastic member 50 and the photosensitive drum 41 abut, the bending of the elastic member 50 can be suppressed with a simple and low-cost configuration. Thereby, the contact pressure of the cleaning blade 44 with respect to the photosensitive drum 41 is made uniform, and stable contact with the photosensitive drum 41 becomes possible, and stable cleaning can be performed.

  Further, it is not necessary to provide the seat surface 47 outside the cleaning blade 44, and the entire cartridge can be reduced in size. Moreover, in order to suppress the bending of the support member 22, it is not necessary to increase the strength such as increasing the plate thickness of the support member 22, and the cost of the material can be reduced.

  Here, a further optimal arrangement of the seating surface 47 will be described. FIG. 2 shows the seating surface 47 in FIG. 1 in which the developing blade seating surface is located 0.28 Lc from the center of the developing blade with respect to the range Lc. The position of 0.28L should just be in the range of the seat surface 47, and may exist in the longitudinal direction edge part of the seat surface 47. FIG.

  As shown in FIG. 2, the two seating surfaces 47 are separated by 0.28 Ld in a predetermined direction (leftward in the longitudinal direction) with respect to the center of the range Lc where the elastic member 50 and the photosensitive drum 41 abut. It is provided at a position 0.28 Ld away from the predetermined direction in the opposite direction (rightward in the longitudinal direction). From the above formulas (1) and (2), the position of the seat surface 47 at which the amount of bending of the elastic member 50 is minimum is 0.28 Lc on the left and right with respect to the center of the range Lc.

  Two seating surfaces 47 were provided at a position of 0.28 Lc on the left and right with respect to the center of the range Lc. Thereby, the bending of the elastic member 50 can be minimized, the variation in the contact pressure of the cleaning blade 44 can be further reduced, and the photosensitive drum 41 can be more stably contacted.

P: Recording medium 12k to 12y ... Process cartridge 21 ... Restriction member 22 ... Support member 22a ... Hole 23 ... Development unit 24 ... Development roller 25 ... Development blade 26 ... Supply roller 28 ... Development frame 28a ... Cylindrical portion 28b ... Projection 31 ... Toner storage part 32 ... Screw 33 ... Developing blade seat (support part)
34L, 34R ... Unit covers 34La, 34Ra ... Support hole 41 ... Electrophotographic photosensitive drum (image carrier)
42 ... Cleaning unit 44 ... Cleaning blade 45 ... Cleaning frame 46 ... Waste toner chamber 47 ... Developing blade seating surface (supporting portion)
48 ... flexible sheet member 50 ... elastic member 51 ... support member 51a ... hole 100 ... image forming apparatus

Claims (7)

A developing roller for developing the electrostatic latent image on the image carrier using a developer;
A developing blade for regulating the thickness of the developer on the developing roller;
A developing device having a supporting portion for supporting the developing blade at two points in the longitudinal direction of the developing blade;
The developing device according to claim 1, wherein the supporting portion is provided in a range where the developing roller and the developing blade are in contact with each other in the longitudinal direction.
The support portion has a position that is 0.28 Ld away in a predetermined direction with respect to a center of a range Ld in which the developing blade and the developing roller abut in the longitudinal direction of the support portion, and a direction opposite to the predetermined direction. The developing device according to claim 1, wherein the developing device is provided at a position separated by 0.28 Ld.
A cleaning blade for cleaning the toner on the image carrier;
A cleaning device having a support portion for supporting the cleaning blade at two points in the longitudinal direction of the cleaning blade,
The support portion is provided in a range where the image carrier and the cleaning blade are in contact with each other, and a center of a range Lc in which the cleaning blade and the image carrier are in contact in the longitudinal direction of the support portion is used as a reference. Further, the cleaning device is provided at a position separated by 0.28 Ld in a predetermined direction and at a position separated by 0.28 Ld in a direction opposite to the predetermined direction.
In a process cartridge in which an image carrier for holding an electrostatic latent image and process means acting on the image carrier are integrally formed into a cartridge,
A process cartridge comprising the developing device according to claim 1.
In a process cartridge in which an image carrier carrying an electrostatic latent image and process means acting on the image carrier are integrally formed into a cartridge,
A process cartridge comprising the cleaning device according to claim 3.
An image carrier for holding an electrostatic latent image;
An image forming apparatus comprising: the developing device according to claim 1.
An image carrier for holding an electrostatic latent image;
An image forming apparatus comprising: the cleaning device according to claim 3.

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