JP2012009846A - Light condensing-type photovoltaic power generation apparatus - Google Patents
Light condensing-type photovoltaic power generation apparatus Download PDFInfo
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本発明は、集光レンズによって太陽電池面に太陽光を集光するようにした集光式太陽光発電装置に関するものである。とりわけ、集光レンズの形状を適切に決定することにより集光効率を高め、さらに太陽追尾誤差やレンズ組付け誤差等の影響を低減し、安定した発電を行えるようにした集光式太陽光発電装置に関するものである。 The present invention relates to a concentrating solar power generation apparatus configured to condense sunlight onto a solar cell surface by a condensing lens. In particular, concentrating solar power generation that increases the light collection efficiency by appropriately determining the shape of the condensing lens, and further reduces the effects of sun tracking errors and lens assembly errors, enabling stable power generation. It relates to the device.
集光式太陽光発電装置は常に太陽方向へ向けた集光レンズによって比較的小面積の太陽電池面に太陽光を集光して効率的な発電を行うものである。集光レンズとしてはフレネルレンズを使用することが多い。フレネルレンズは、通常のレンズを同心円環状の多数のプリズム状の領域に分割し、厚みを減らしたレンズである。従来のフレネルレンズとしては、プリズム部を同一平面上に並べ、フレネルレンズ中心の光軸に近い領域は屈折を利用し、フレネルレンズ中心の光軸から遠い領域は全反射を利用し、レンズ作用を得ているものがある（特許文献１）。集光式太陽光発電装置の全体像は、特許文献２に示されたものが一例としてある。 A concentrating solar power generation device always efficiently generates power by concentrating sunlight on a solar cell surface having a relatively small area by a condensing lens directed toward the sun. Fresnel lenses are often used as condenser lenses. A Fresnel lens is a lens in which a normal lens is divided into a large number of concentric annular prismatic regions to reduce the thickness. As a conventional Fresnel lens, the prism parts are arranged on the same plane, the region near the optical axis at the center of the Fresnel lens uses refraction, and the region far from the optical axis at the center of the Fresnel lens uses total reflection, so that the lens action is achieved. There is what has been obtained (Patent Document 1). The whole image of the concentrating solar power generation device is shown in Patent Document 2 as an example.
フレネルレンズの設計においては、各プリズム部のプリズム幅中央に入射する光を設計光として設定し、その光路を考慮して、各プリズム部の形状を設定するのが通常である。また、設計光の波長は、代表的なある単波長を設定するのが通常である。 In designing a Fresnel lens, it is common to set light incident on the center of the prism width of each prism portion as design light, and set the shape of each prism portion in consideration of the optical path. Further, it is usual to set a typical single wavelength as the wavelength of the design light.
太陽光には、様々な波長の光が含まれている。波長によって屈折率は異なり、プリズムを通過した光の進む方向は波長によって異なるため、レンズは色収差を持つ。発電波長領域の異なる多数の素子を接合した多接合型太陽電池を使用した場合には、広い波長域の太陽光を太陽電池に入射させることにより効率的な発電を行うことができる。 Sunlight includes light of various wavelengths. Since the refractive index varies depending on the wavelength, and the traveling direction of the light passing through the prism varies depending on the wavelength, the lens has chromatic aberration. When a multi-junction solar cell in which a number of elements having different power generation wavelength regions are joined is used, efficient power generation can be performed by causing sunlight in a wide wavelength region to enter the solar cell.
プリズムの幅中央に入射する設計光のみを考慮したフレネルレンズの場合、プリズムの幅中央から外れた点に入射する光のなかには、受光部に到達しないものも生じる。また、設計光として単波長のみを考慮すると、設計光と異なる波長のなかには、受光部に到達しないものも生じる。 In the case of a Fresnel lens that considers only design light incident on the center of the width of the prism, some of the light incident on a point deviating from the center of the width of the prism does not reach the light receiving unit. When only a single wavelength is considered as the design light, some of the wavelengths different from the design light may not reach the light receiving unit.
また、集光式太陽光発電装置において、追尾誤差やフレネルレンズの組付け誤差等によって集光レンズの向きが僅かに太陽方向から外れると太陽電池の受光面上の照度が急激に低下して発電量が大きく損なわれるという課題もある。 Also, in a concentrating solar power generation device, if the orientation of the condensing lens slightly deviates from the solar direction due to tracking errors, Fresnel lens assembly errors, etc., the illuminance on the light-receiving surface of the solar cell rapidly decreases and generates power. There is also a problem that the amount is greatly impaired.
そこで、本発明はこのような課題を解決するものであり、各プリズム部の幅及び色収差の影響を考慮した集光レンズを提供し、集光効率の高い集光式太陽光発電装置を提供することを目的とする。 Therefore, the present invention solves such problems, and provides a condensing lens that takes into account the influence of the width and chromatic aberration of each prism portion, and provides a concentrating solar power generation device with high condensing efficiency. For the purpose.
上記課題を解決するため、本発明は、フレネルレンズと、受光部とを含む集光式太陽光発電装置において、
フレネルレンズの断面は、複数のプリズム部を光軸から離れる方向または光軸に近づく方向へ並べた形状を含み、
各プリズム部は入射面および出射面を有し、入射面は光軸に垂直な方向に対して入射面傾き角βを有し、出射面は光軸に垂直な方向に対して出射面傾き角αを有しており、
各プリズム部の入射面には、光軸から遠い側の端点近傍に位置する第１の入射点、及び光軸から近い側の端点近傍に位置する第２の入射点が仮定され、各プリズム部の出射面傾き角α及び入射面傾き角βは、第１の入射点から入射し、出射面において屈折し、出射面から出射する第１の光、および第２の入射点から入射し、出射面において屈折し、出射面から出射する第２の光が、ともに受光部に到達するように設定されたことを特徴とする集光式太陽光発電装置を提供する。
ここで、光軸とは、光源、レンズ、受光部の中心を連ねる直線である。いわゆるリニアフレネルレンズの構成の場合は、各断面において光源、レンズ、受光部の中心を連ねる直線をそれぞれ光軸とする。
フレネルレンズの断面とは、光軸を含む平面で切ったときの断面を意味する。いわゆるリニアフレネルレンズの構成の場合は、レンズの直線方向（出斜面長手方向）に延びる方向に垂直であり、かつ光軸を含む平面で切ったときの断面を意味する。
In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a concentrating solar power generation device including a Fresnel lens and a light receiving unit.
The cross section of the Fresnel lens includes a shape in which a plurality of prism portions are arranged in a direction away from or closer to the optical axis,
Each prism unit has an entrance surface and an exit surface, the entrance surface has an entrance surface tilt angle β with respect to a direction perpendicular to the optical axis, and the exit surface has an exit surface tilt angle with respect to a direction perpendicular to the optical axis. α and
A first incident point located near the end point far from the optical axis and a second incident point located near the end point closer to the optical axis are assumed on the incident surface of each prism unit. The incident surface tilt angle α and the incident surface tilt angle β are incident from the first incident point, refracted at the exit surface, incident from the first incident point that exits from the exit surface, and the second incident point. Provided is a concentrating solar power generation device characterized in that the second light refracted on the surface and emitted from the light exit surface is set so as to reach the light receiving unit.
Here, the optical axis is a straight line connecting the centers of the light source, the lens, and the light receiving unit. In the case of a so-called linear Fresnel lens configuration, a straight line connecting the centers of the light source, the lens, and the light receiving unit in each cross section is defined as the optical axis.
The cross section of the Fresnel lens means a cross section when cut by a plane including the optical axis. In the case of the configuration of a so-called linear Fresnel lens, it means a cross section when cut by a plane perpendicular to the direction extending in the linear direction (longitudinal direction of the outgoing slope) of the lens and including the optical axis.
本発明の第１の実施形態では、第１の光および第２の光は、それぞれ設計波長範囲の最短波長または最長波長の光に設定されている。
本発明の第２の実施形態では、第１の光および第２の光は、それぞれ設計許容入射半角で入射する光に設定されている。
本発明の第３の実施形態では、第１の光は、受光部上面の各プリズム部に近い側の端部に到達し、第２の光は、受光部上面の各プリズム部に遠い側の端部に到達する。
本発明の第４の実施形態では、フレネルレンズの光軸周辺において、プリズム部は入射面傾き角βが略０°となっており、平坦な入射面を備えている。
本発明の第５の実施形態では、設計波長範囲の最短波長の光は、紫外線であることが好ましく、とりわけ、設計波長範囲の最短波長は、２５０ｎｍ〜４００ｎｍであることが好ましい。
本発明の第６の実施形態では、設計波長範囲の最長波長の光は、赤外線であることが好ましく、とりわけ、設計波長範囲の最長波長は、７００ｎｍ〜２５００ｎｍであることが好ましい。
本発明の第７の実施形態では、設計許容入射半角は、０°〜２５．０°であることが好ましい。０°〜１．０°であることが更に好ましい。
本発明の第２の観点では、受光部を含む集光式太陽光発電装置のフレネルレンズにおいて、
フレネルレンズの断面は、複数のプリズム部を光軸から離れる方向または光軸に近づく方向へ並べた形状を含み、
各プリズム部は入射面および出射面を有し、入射面は光軸に垂直な方向に対して入射面傾き角βを有し、出射面は光軸に垂直な方向に対して出射面傾き角αを有しており、
各プリズム部の入射面には、光軸から遠い側の端点近傍に位置する第１の入射点、及び光軸から近い側の端点近傍に位置する第２の入射点が仮定され、各プリズム部の出射面傾き角α及び入射面傾き角βは、第１の入射点から入射し、出射面において屈折し、出射面から出射する第１の光、および第２の入射点から入射し、出射面において屈折し、出射面から出射する第２の光が、ともに受光部に到達するように設定されたことを特徴とするフレネルレンズを提供する。
本発明の第３の観点では、受光部を含む集光式太陽光発電装置のフレネルレンズの形状を設計し、フレネルレンズを生産する方法において、
フレネルレンズの断面は、複数のプリズム部を光軸から離れる方向または光軸に近づく方向へ並べた形状を含ませ、
各プリズム部は入射面および出射面を有し、入射面は光軸に垂直な方向に対して入射面傾き角βを有し、出射面は光軸に垂直な方向に対して出射面傾き角αを有するものとし、
各プリズム部の入射面に、光軸から遠い側の端点近傍に位置する第１の入射点、及び光軸から近い側の端点近傍に位置する第２の入射点が仮定し、各プリズム部の出射面傾き角α及び入射面傾き角βを、第１の入射点から入射し、出射面において屈折し、出射面から出射する第１の光、および第２の入射点から入射し、出射面において屈折し、出射面から出射する第２の光が、ともに受光部に到達するように設定し、
各プリズム部を光軸から離れる方向または光軸に近づく方向へ並べることを特徴とする、フレネルレンズの形状を設計し、フレネルレンズを生産する方法を提供する。
In the first embodiment of the present invention, the first light and the second light are respectively set to the shortest wavelength or the longest wavelength light in the design wavelength range.
In the second embodiment of the present invention, the first light and the second light are respectively set to light incident at a design allowable incident half angle.
In the third embodiment of the present invention, the first light reaches the end of the light receiving unit on the side close to each prism unit, and the second light is on the side of the light receiving unit on the side far from each prism unit. Reach the end.
In the fourth embodiment of the present invention, around the optical axis of the Fresnel lens, the prism portion has an incident surface inclination angle β of approximately 0 ° and has a flat incident surface.
In the fifth embodiment of the present invention, the light with the shortest wavelength in the design wavelength range is preferably ultraviolet light, and in particular, the shortest wavelength in the design wavelength range is preferably 250 nm to 400 nm.
In the sixth embodiment of the present invention, the light with the longest wavelength in the design wavelength range is preferably infrared, and in particular, the longest wavelength in the design wavelength range is preferably 700 nm to 2500 nm.
In the seventh embodiment of the present invention, the design allowable incident half angle is preferably 0 ° to 25.0 °. More preferably, the angle is 0 ° to 1.0 °.
In the second aspect of the present invention, in the Fresnel lens of the concentrating solar power generation device including the light receiving unit,
The cross section of the Fresnel lens includes a shape in which a plurality of prism portions are arranged in a direction away from or closer to the optical axis,
Each prism unit has an entrance surface and an exit surface, the entrance surface has an entrance surface tilt angle β with respect to a direction perpendicular to the optical axis, and the exit surface has an exit surface tilt angle with respect to a direction perpendicular to the optical axis. α and
A first incident point located near the end point far from the optical axis and a second incident point located near the end point closer to the optical axis are assumed on the incident surface of each prism unit. The incident surface tilt angle α and the incident surface tilt angle β are incident from the first incident point, refracted at the exit surface, incident from the first incident point that exits from the exit surface, and the second incident point. There is provided a Fresnel lens characterized in that the second light refracted on the surface and emitted from the light exit surface is set so as to reach the light receiving part.
In a third aspect of the present invention, in the method of producing a Fresnel lens by designing the shape of a Fresnel lens of a concentrating solar power generation device including a light receiving unit,
The cross section of the Fresnel lens includes a shape in which a plurality of prism portions are arranged in a direction away from the optical axis or in a direction approaching the optical axis,
Each prism unit has an entrance surface and an exit surface, the entrance surface has an entrance surface tilt angle β with respect to a direction perpendicular to the optical axis, and the exit surface has an exit surface tilt angle with respect to a direction perpendicular to the optical axis. α
A first incident point located near the end point on the side far from the optical axis and a second incident point located near the end point on the side closer to the optical axis are assumed on the incident surface of each prism unit. The exit surface tilt angle α and the entrance surface tilt angle β are incident from the first incident point, refracted at the exit surface, and incident from the first incident point and the second incident point that exit from the exit surface. The second light that is refracted at and exits from the exit surface is set so as to reach the light receiving unit together.
Provided is a method for producing a Fresnel lens by designing the shape of a Fresnel lens, characterized in that the prism portions are arranged in a direction away from or closer to the optical axis.
本発明の集光式太陽光発電装置は、プリズム幅に対する入射位置に関わらず、発電に利用できる広い波長域の光を受光部に導くことができるため、集光効率が向上する。 Since the concentrating solar power generation device of the present invention can guide light in a wide wavelength range that can be used for power generation to the light receiving section regardless of the incident position with respect to the prism width, the condensing efficiency is improved.
本発明の集光式太陽光発電装置１の構成の一例を概略的に図１に示す。集光式発電光装置１は、フレネルレンズ３及び受光部７を含む。フレネルレンズ３の断面は、多数の台形状のプリズム部５を光軸９の周りに同心円環状に並べた形状となっている。受光部７は、フレネルレンズ３で集光した光を受光する位置に配置されている。 An example of the configuration of the concentrating solar power generation device 1 of the present invention is schematically shown in FIG. The concentrating power generation light device 1 includes a Fresnel lens 3 and a light receiving unit 7. The cross section of the Fresnel lens 3 has a shape in which a number of trapezoidal prism portions 5 are arranged in a concentric ring around the optical axis 9. The light receiving unit 7 is disposed at a position for receiving the light collected by the Fresnel lens 3.
ところで、図２はフレネルレンズから一つプリズム部を抜き出して例示しており、単波長（例えば５５０ｎｍ）の光が入射面１１のプリズム幅中央から、光軸９に対して入射半角θ（例えば０．７°）の角度を持って入射した場合について示している。各プリズム部５の断面は、台形状の形状をしており、入射面１１、出射面１２、内周側面１３、及び外周側面１４により形成されている。入射面１１のプリズム幅中央から、光軸９に対して入射半角θの角度を持って入射した太陽光１７は、入射面１１において屈折し、プリズム部５内を進行し、出射面１２において屈折し、受光部７へ向けて進行する。ここで、予め入射半角θを持つ光を設計光として設定しているのは、設計許容入射半角θを持つ光が入射しても受光部に到達するようにプリズム部の形状を決定するためである。図２では、光軸９から近い側へ設計許容入射半角θを持つ太陽光１７と、光軸９から遠い側へ設計許容入射半角θ（−θと表わす）を持つ太陽光１９の光路を示している。太陽光１７は、受光部７の上面右端２０に到達し、太陽光１９は受光部７の上面左端２２に到達している。このように、プリズム幅中央に入射する単波長の光を設計光として設定し、プリズム部の形状を設計する方法を、便宜上、一波長一入射点設計と呼ぶこととする。 Incidentally, FIG. 2 illustrates one prism portion extracted from the Fresnel lens, and light having a single wavelength (for example, 550 nm) is incident on the optical axis 9 from the center of the prism width of the incident surface 11 with an incident half angle θ (for example, 0). .7 °). The cross section of each prism portion 5 has a trapezoidal shape, and is formed by an incident surface 11, an output surface 12, an inner peripheral side surface 13, and an outer peripheral side surface 14. Sunlight 17 incident from the center of the prism width of the incident surface 11 with an incident half angle θ with respect to the optical axis 9 is refracted at the incident surface 11, travels through the prism portion 5, and is refracted at the output surface 12. And proceed toward the light receiving unit 7. Here, the reason why the light having the incident half angle θ is set in advance as the design light is to determine the shape of the prism portion so that the light reaches the light receiving portion even when the light having the design allowable incident half angle θ is incident. is there. FIG. 2 shows an optical path of sunlight 17 having a design allowable incidence half angle θ closer to the optical axis 9 and sunlight 19 having a design allowable incidence half angle θ (denoted as −θ) farther from the optical axis 9. ing. Sunlight 17 reaches the upper right end 20 of the light receiving unit 7, and sunlight 19 reaches the upper left end 22 of the light receiving unit 7. In this way, a method of setting the single wavelength light incident on the center of the prism width as the design light and designing the shape of the prism portion is referred to as “one wavelength one incident point design” for convenience.
図３は一つのプリズム部を抜き出して例示しており、入射面１１のプリズム幅中央から、光軸９に対して入射半角θの角度を持って太陽光が入射した場合について、短い波長（例えば４００ｎｍ）と、長い波長（例えば１１００ｎｍ）の光路について示している。図３からは、太陽光のなかの短い波長と、長い波長の光路の違いが分かる。短い波長の光は、長い波長の光よりも屈折率が大きいため、大きく屈折する。図３に示した例では、プリズム部５内を、太陽光１７のなかの短い波長の光３１が長い波長の光３２より大きく屈折して進み、受光部においては長い波長の光３２の方が短い波長の光３１よりも右側に到達している。また、太陽光１９については、受光部においては短い波長の光３３の方が長い波長の光３４よりも左側に到達している。
図３に示した設計方法では、太陽光１７のうち設計波長範囲の最短波長の光３１と最長波長の光３２について考慮し、受光部中央から見て外側に到達する光３２が、受光部７の上面右端２０に到達している。そして、太陽光１９のうち設計波長範囲の最短波長の光３３と最長波長の光３４について考慮し、受光部中央から見て外側に到達する光３３が、受光部７の上面左端２２に到達している。ここで、このような設計方法を、便宜上、二波長一入射点設計と呼ぶこととする。
FIG. 3 shows an example in which one prism portion is extracted. A short wavelength (for example, when the sunlight is incident from the center of the prism width of the incident surface 11 with an incident half angle θ with respect to the optical axis 9 (for example, 400 nm) and an optical path with a long wavelength (for example, 1100 nm). FIG. 3 shows the difference between the short wavelength and the long wavelength optical path in sunlight. The light having a short wavelength is refracted greatly because the refractive index is larger than that of the light having a long wavelength. In the example shown in FIG. 3, the light 31 having a short wavelength in the sunlight 17 is refracted more than the light 32 having a long wavelength in the sunlight 17, and the light 32 having a long wavelength is transmitted to the light receiving unit. It reaches the right side of the light 31 having a short wavelength. As for sunlight 19, light 33 having a shorter wavelength reaches the left side of light 34 having a longer wavelength in the light receiving unit.
In the design method shown in FIG. 3, the shortest wavelength light 31 and the longest wavelength light 32 in the design wavelength range of the sunlight 17 are taken into consideration, and the light 32 reaching the outside as viewed from the center of the light receiving unit is received by the light receiving unit 7. Has reached the upper right end 20. In consideration of the shortest wavelength light 33 and the longest wavelength light 34 in the design wavelength range in the sunlight 19, the light 33 that reaches the outside as viewed from the center of the light receiving unit reaches the upper left end 22 of the light receiving unit 7. ing. Here, such a design method will be referred to as “two-wavelength one-incident point design” for convenience.
図３においては、例えば、太陽光１９については、受光部において短い波長の光の方が左側に到達しているが、入射半角θと入射面傾き角βとの関係によっては、長い波長の光の方が左側に到達することもある。
具体的には、β＜θの場合（図４参照）、入射半角θで入射した光１７は、入射面に対する垂線４５の左側から入射し、短い波長の光４１が長い波長の光４２よりも大きく屈折するため、受光部右端においては、長い波長の光４２が短い波長の光４１よりも受光部中央から見て外側に到達する。入射半角−θで入射した光１９は、入射面に対する垂線４５の右側から入射し、短い波長の光４３が長い波長の光４４よりも大きく屈折するため、受光部左端においては、長い波長の光４４が短い波長の光４３よりも受光部中央から見て外側に到達する。
次に、β≧θの場合（図５参照）、入射半角θで入射した光１７は、入射面に対する垂線４５の左側から入射し、受光部右端においては、長い波長の光５２が短い波長の光５１よりも受光部中央から見て外側に到達する。入射半角−θで入射した光１９も、入射面に対する垂線４５の左側から入射するため、受光部左端においては、短い波長の光５３が長い波長の光５４よりも受光部中央から見て外側に到達する。
In FIG. 3, for example, for sunlight 19, light having a short wavelength reaches the left side in the light receiving unit, but depending on the relationship between the incident half angle θ and the incident surface tilt angle β, light having a long wavelength is emitted. May reach the left side.
Specifically, when β <θ (see FIG. 4), the light 17 incident at the incident half angle θ is incident from the left side of the perpendicular 45 to the incident surface, and the short wavelength light 41 is longer than the long wavelength light 42. Since the light is refracted greatly, at the right end of the light receiving portion, the light 42 having a long wavelength reaches the outside as viewed from the center of the light receiving portion than the light 41 having a short wavelength. The light 19 incident at an incident half angle of −θ is incident from the right side of the perpendicular 45 to the incident surface, and the short wavelength light 43 is refracted more than the long wavelength light 44. 44 reaches the outside as viewed from the center of the light receiving unit than the light 43 having a shorter wavelength.
Next, in the case of β ≧ θ (see FIG. 5), the light 17 incident at the incident half angle θ enters from the left side of the perpendicular 45 to the incident surface, and the long wavelength light 52 has a short wavelength at the right end of the light receiving unit. The light 51 reaches the outside as viewed from the center of the light receiving unit. The light 19 incident at an incident half angle of −θ also enters from the left side of the perpendicular 45 to the incident surface. Therefore, at the left end of the light receiving unit, the short wavelength light 53 is more outward than the long wavelength light 54 as viewed from the center of the light receiving unit. To reach.
図６には、本発明において考慮する設計光を示している。本発明においては、設計光が入射する位置を２つ設定している。図６では、太陽光がプリズム入射面の右側端点近傍に位置する第１の入射点６５から、光軸９に対して入射半角θの角度を持って入射した光について、短い波長と長い波長の光路について示している。また、太陽光がプリズム入射面の左側端点近傍に位置する第２の入射点６６から、光軸９に対して入射半角−θの角度を持って入射した光について、短い波長と長い波長の光路について示している。図６に示した例では、太陽光１７のうち長い波長の光６２が短い波長の光６１よりも、受光部においては受光部中央から見て外側に到達している。また、太陽光１９については、短い波長の光６３が長い波長の光６４よりも、受光部においては受光部中央から見て外側に到達している。
図６に示した設計方法では、第１の入射点６５から入射した太陽光１７のうち設計波長範囲の最短波長の光６１と最長波長の光６２について考慮し、受光部中央から見て外側に到達する光６２が、受光部７の上面右端２０に到達している。そして、第２の入射点６６から入射した太陽光１９のうち設計波長範囲の最短波長の光６３と最長波長の光６４について考慮し、受光部中央から見て外側に到達する光６３が、受光部７の上面左端２２に到達している。ここで、このような設計方法を、便宜上、二波長二入射点設計と呼ぶこととする。
本発明においては、設計波長範囲の波長をもつ光のうち、受光部中央から見て最も外側に到達する光（図６では光６２及び６３）が受光部上面に到達するようにプリズムの形状を決定している。
FIG. 6 shows design light considered in the present invention. In the present invention, two positions where design light is incident are set. In FIG. 6, light having a short wavelength and a long wavelength is incident on the light incident from the first incident point 65 located near the right end point of the prism incident surface with the incident half angle θ with respect to the optical axis 9. The optical path is shown. In addition, for light incident from the second incident point 66 located near the left end point of the prism incident surface with sunlight having an incident half angle of -θ with respect to the optical axis 9, an optical path having a short wavelength and a long wavelength. Shows about. In the example illustrated in FIG. 6, the long wavelength light 62 of the sunlight 17 reaches the outside in the light receiving unit as viewed from the center of the light receiving unit, rather than the short wavelength light 61. As for sunlight 19, light 63 having a short wavelength reaches the outside in the light receiving unit as viewed from the center of the light receiving unit, rather than light 64 having a long wavelength.
In the design method shown in FIG. 6, the shortest wavelength light 61 and the longest wavelength light 62 in the design wavelength range among the sunlight 17 incident from the first incident point 65 are taken into consideration, and the outside is viewed from the center of the light receiving unit. The reaching light 62 reaches the upper right end 20 of the light receiving unit 7. In consideration of the shortest wavelength light 63 and the longest wavelength light 64 in the design wavelength range among the sunlight 19 incident from the second incident point 66, the light 63 reaching the outside as viewed from the center of the light receiving unit is received. The upper surface left end 22 of the portion 7 is reached. Here, for convenience, such a design method is referred to as a two-wavelength two-incident point design.
In the present invention, of the light having a wavelength in the design wavelength range, the prism is shaped so that the light that reaches the outermost side as viewed from the center of the light receiving unit (lights 62 and 63 in FIG. 6) reaches the upper surface of the light receiving unit. Has been decided.
具体的には、入力値として、受光部半幅ｄ、レンズ受光部間距離ｈ、プリズム幅ｗ、レンズ厚さδ、屈折率ｎ、プリズム位置、及び設計許容入射半角θを条件設定し、プリズム出射面傾き角α及びプリズム入射面傾き角βを求める。上記の入力条件が与えられれば、第１の入射点に入射する光のうち設計最短波長が受光部上面平面において到達する点７１と、設計最長波長の光が受光部上面平面において到達する点７２を、α及びβをパラメータとして幾何学的に求めることができる。両点のうち右側に到達する点(図では点７２)が受光部上面右端２０に一致するということを第１の条件とする。この条件は、設計波長範囲内の波長をもつ全ての光が受光面に到達するようにするということを表わす。
同様に、第２の入射点に入射する光のうち設計最短波長が受光部上面平面において到達する点７３と、設計最長波長の光が受光部上面平面において到達する点７４を、α及びβをパラメータとして幾何学的に求めることができる。両点のうち左側に到達する点(図では点７３)が受光部上面左端２２に一致するということを第２の条件とする。この条件は、設計波長範囲内の波長をもつ全ての光が受光面に到達するようにするということを表わす。
この２つの条件式を連立させて、αとβを求める。これにより、各プリズムの形状が決定される。光軸から順次プリズム部の形状を決定し、並べていくことによって集光レンズの全体の形状が決定される。
Specifically, the light receiving part half width d, the lens light receiving part distance h, the prism width w, the lens thickness δ, the refractive index n, the prism position, and the design allowable incident half angle θ are set as input values, and the prism output The surface inclination angle α and the prism incident surface inclination angle β are obtained. Given the above input conditions, a point 71 where the design shortest wavelength of light incident on the first incident point reaches the light receiving unit upper surface plane and a point 72 where the light of the design longest wavelength reaches the light receiving unit upper surface plane. Can be obtained geometrically using α and β as parameters. The first condition is that the point that reaches the right side of the two points (the point 72 in the figure) coincides with the right end 20 of the light receiving unit upper surface. This condition indicates that all light having a wavelength within the design wavelength range reaches the light receiving surface.
Similarly, among the light incident on the second incident point, a point 73 where the design shortest wavelength reaches the top surface plane of the light receiving unit and a point 74 where the light of the longest design wavelength reaches the top surface of the light receiving unit are represented by α and β. It can be obtained geometrically as a parameter. The second condition is that a point that reaches the left side of the two points (point 73 in the figure) coincides with the left end 22 of the upper surface of the light receiving unit. This condition indicates that all light having a wavelength within the design wavelength range reaches the light receiving surface.
These two conditional expressions are used simultaneously to obtain α and β. Thereby, the shape of each prism is determined. The shape of the prism portion is sequentially determined from the optical axis, and the entire shape of the condenser lens is determined by arranging them.
以上のように各プリズムの形状を設定したフレネルレンズを使用する集光式太陽光発電装置によれば、プリズム幅に対する入射位置に関わらず、発電に利用できる広い波長域の光を受光部に導くことができるため、集光効率が向上する。 As described above, according to the concentrating solar power generation apparatus using the Fresnel lens in which the shape of each prism is set, light in a wide wavelength range that can be used for power generation is guided to the light receiving unit regardless of the incident position with respect to the prism width. Therefore, the light collection efficiency is improved.
図１の実施例では、光軸周辺のプリズム部の入射面傾き角βを０°とし、入射面が光軸に対して垂直方向に平坦な面を形成させている。これにより、光軸周辺の位置においては、周辺部の設計許容入射半角よりもさらに大きい入射半角でも許容できるようになっている。
具体的には、前述の幾何学的関係において、受光部半幅ｄ、レンズ受光部間距離ｈ、プリズム幅ｗ、レンズ厚さδ、屈折率ｎ、プリズム位置、及びプリズム入射面傾き角β＝０°を入力値として、プリズム出射面傾き角α及び最大許容入射半角θｍａｘを求める。求まった最大許容入射半角θｍａｘが、設計許容入射半角θを上回る場合には、そのプリズム部の入射面傾き角βを０°として形成している。これは、平坦部においては、周辺部の設計許容入射半角以上の入射半角を許容することを意味し、入射半角が設計許容入射半角を超えた場合にも、集光効率の低下をさらに抑制するという効果がある。さらに、本発明フレネルレンズのドーム高さを小さくすることができ、コンパクトな集光レンズを得るという利点もある。
In the embodiment of FIG. 1, the incident surface inclination angle β of the prism portion around the optical axis is set to 0 °, and the incident surface is formed as a flat surface perpendicular to the optical axis. As a result, at the position around the optical axis, an incident half angle larger than the design allowable incident half angle of the peripheral portion can be allowed.
Specifically, in the above geometric relationship, the light receiving portion half width d, the lens light receiving portion distance h, the prism width w, the lens thickness δ, the refractive index n, the prism position, and the prism incident surface tilt angle β = 0. Using the angle as an input value, the prism exit surface inclination angle α and the maximum allowable incident half angle θmax are obtained. When the obtained maximum allowable incident half angle θmax exceeds the design allowable incident half angle θ, the incident surface inclination angle β of the prism portion is set to 0 °. This means that in the flat part, an incident half angle greater than the design allowable incident half angle of the peripheral part is allowed, and even when the incident half angle exceeds the design allowable incident half angle, the reduction of the light collection efficiency is further suppressed. There is an effect. Furthermore, the dome height of the Fresnel lens of the present invention can be reduced, and there is an advantage that a compact condensing lens is obtained.
図７、図８、及び図９は、下記の設計条件によって、求めた出射面傾き角α及び入射面傾き角βを示す。比較のために、図７は、図２に示したように一波長一入射点設計によって設計した場合を示す。図８は、図３に示したように二波長一入射点設計によって設計した場合を示す。図９は、図６に示したように二波長二入射点設計によって設計した場合を示す。
各種レンズパラメータ
幾何学的集光比 ６２５倍
設計許容入射半角θ ０．７°
レンズ受光部間距離ｈ ４０
プリズム幅ｗ ０．２５
プリズム厚みδ １
最短波長及び最長波長の光の入射屈折率 １．４８、１．５０
ここで、ｈ、ｗ、δは受光部半幅ｄにより無次元化した値である。
7, 8, and 9 show the exit surface inclination angle α and the incident surface inclination angle β obtained under the following design conditions. For comparison, FIG. 7 shows a case of designing by one wavelength and one incident point design as shown in FIG. FIG. 8 shows a case where the design is performed by the two-wavelength / one-incidence point design as shown in FIG. FIG. 9 shows a case where the two-wavelength / two-incidence point design is performed as shown in FIG.
Various lens parameters Geometric condensing ratio 625 times Design allowable incidence half angle θ 0.7 °
Distance h between lens light receiving portions h 40
Prism width w 0.25
Prism thickness δ 1
Incidence refractive index of light having the shortest wavelength and the longest wavelength 1.48, 1.50
Here, h, w, and δ are values made dimensionless by the light receiving portion half width d.
図１０は、一波長一入射点設計、二波長一入射点設計、及び、二波長二入射点設計により得られたフレネルレンズの光学的効率を示す。本発明による二波長二入射点設計のフレネルレンズは、入射半角０°〜０．７°の全範囲において、一波長一入射点設計、二波長一入射点設計よりも、極めて高い光学的効率を実現している。さらに、入射半角が０．７°まで大きくなっても、一波長一入射点設計および二波長一入射点設計と比較し、効率低下が著しく小さいことが分かる。 FIG. 10 shows the optical efficiency of the Fresnel lens obtained by the one-wavelength one-incident point design, the two-wavelength one-incident point design, and the two-wavelength two-incident point design. The Fresnel lens of the two-wavelength, two-incidence point design according to the present invention has extremely higher optical efficiency than the one-wavelength-one-incidence point design and the two-wavelength-one-incidence point design in the entire range of the incident half angle of 0 ° to 0.7 ° Realized. Further, it can be seen that even when the incident half angle is increased to 0.7 °, the efficiency reduction is remarkably small as compared with the one-wavelength one-incident point design and the two-wavelength one-incident point design.
さらに、下記に示す実施例１によって、集光効率の高いフレネルレンズが提供される。
集光倍率Ｒ ６２５倍
受光部半幅ｄ ３．５ｍｍ
フレネルレンズ受光部間距離Ｈ １４０ｍｍ
フレネルレンズ半径Ｄ ８８ｍｍ
ここで、フレネルレンズ受光部間距離Ｈは、フレネルレンズの頂上部と受光部との距離を表わし、フレネルレンズ半径Ｄはフレネルレンズの半径を表わす（図１参照）。
集光倍率Ｒは、フレネルレンズの投影面積と受光部面積の比率を表わす。すなわち、集光倍率Ｒは、フレネルレンズ半径Ｄと受光部半幅ｄの比（比の値）の２乗に相当する。
Furthermore, the Fresnel lens with high condensing efficiency is provided by Example 1 shown below.
Condensing magnification R 625 × Light receiving portion half width d 3.5 mm
Fresnel lens light receiving distance H 140mm
Fresnel lens radius D 88mm
Here, the distance H between the Fresnel lens light receiving parts represents the distance between the top of the Fresnel lens and the light receiving part, and the Fresnel lens radius D represents the radius of the Fresnel lens (see FIG. 1).
The condensing magnification R represents the ratio between the projected area of the Fresnel lens and the light receiving area. That is, the condensing magnification R corresponds to the square of the ratio (ratio value) between the Fresnel lens radius D and the light receiving portion half width d.
さらに、下記に示す実施例２によっても、集光効率の高いフレネルレンズが提供される。
集光倍率Ｒ ８００倍
受光部半幅ｄ ０．５ｍｍ
フレネルレンズ受光部間距離Ｈ １５ｍｍ
フレネルレンズ半径Ｄ １５ｍｍ
Furthermore, a Fresnel lens with high light collection efficiency is also provided by Example 2 shown below.
Condensing magnification R 800 times, light receiving portion half width d 0.5 mm
Fresnel lens receiver distance H 15mm
Fresnel lens radius D 15mm
さらに、下記に示す実施例３によっても、集光効率の高いフレネルレンズが提供される。
集光倍率Ｒ ９００倍
受光部半幅ｄ １．０ｍｍ
フレネルレンズ受光部間距離Ｈ １００ｍｍ
フレネルレンズ半径Ｄ ３０ｍｍ
Furthermore, a Fresnel lens with high light collection efficiency is also provided by Example 3 shown below.
Condensing magnification R 900 times Light receiving portion half width d 1.0 mm
Fresnel lens distance H 100mm
Fresnel lens radius D 30mm
さらに、下記に示す実施例４によっても、集光効率の高いフレネルレンズが提供される。
集光倍率Ｒ １２００倍
受光部半幅ｄ ５．０ｍｍ
フレネルレンズ受光部間距離Ｈ ６７５ｍｍ
フレネルレンズ半径Ｄ １７５ｍｍ
Furthermore, a Fresnel lens with high light collection efficiency is also provided by Example 4 shown below.
Condensing magnification R 1200 times Light receiving portion half width d 5.0 mm
Fresnel lens receiver distance H 675mm
Fresnel lens radius D 175mm
以上から、縦軸にフレネルレンズ受光部間距離Ｈ／フレネルレンズ半径Ｄをとり、横軸に集光倍率Ｒをとったグラフに、実施例１〜４をプロットし整理した。その結果、集光効率の高いフレネルレンズを得るためには、フレネルレンズ受光部間距離Ｈ／フレネルレンズ半径Ｄが１．０〜−０．００３×Ｒ＋７．５の範囲にあり、かつ、集光倍率Ｒが５００〜１７００の範囲にあることが好ましいことが判明した。 From the above, Examples 1 to 4 were plotted and arranged on a graph in which the vertical axis represents the distance H / Fresnel lens radius D / Fresnel lens radius D and the horizontal axis represents the light condensing magnification R. As a result, in order to obtain a Fresnel lens with high light collection efficiency, the distance H between Fresnel lens light receiving parts / the radius D of the Fresnel lens D is in the range of 1.0 to −0.003 × R + 7.5, and the light collection. It has been found that the magnification R is preferably in the range of 500-1700.
上述した実施形態では、各プリズム部が光軸に対して同心円環上に形成されていたが、各プリズム部は直線状に延びるものであってもよい。各プリズム部が直線状である場合、光は直線状の受光部に集光されることになり、いわゆるリニアフレネルレンズの構成となる。 In the embodiment described above, each prism portion is formed on a concentric ring with respect to the optical axis, but each prism portion may extend linearly. When each prism part is linear, the light is collected on a linear light receiving part, and a so-called linear Fresnel lens configuration is obtained.
１ 集光式太陽光発電装置
３ フレネルレンズ
５ プリズム部
７ 受光部
９ 光軸
１１ 入射面
１２ 出射面
１３ 内周側面
１４ 外周側面
１７、１９ 太陽光
２０ 受光部の上面右端
２２ 受光部の上面左端
３１、３３、４１、４３、５１、５３、６１、６３ 短い波長の光
３２、３４、４２、４４、５２、５４、６２、６４ 長い波長の光
７１ 短い波長の光６１の受光部上面平面において到達する点
７２ 長い波長の光６２の受光部上面平面において到達する点
７３ 短い波長の光６３の受光部上面平面において到達する点
７４ 長い波長の光６４の受光部上面平面において到達する点
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Condensing type solar power generation device 3 Fresnel lens 5 Prism part 7 Light receiving part 9 Optical axis 11 Incidence surface 12 Outgoing surface 13 Inner peripheral side surface 14 Outer peripheral side surface 17, 19 Sunlight 20 Upper surface right end of light receiving unit 22 Upper left end of light receiving unit 31, 33, 41, 43, 51, 53, 61, 63 Light with short wavelength 32, 34, 42, 44, 52, 54, 62, 64 Light with long wavelength 71 Reaching point 72 Point reaching the light receiving unit upper surface plane of the long wavelength light 62 73 Point reaching the light receiving unit upper surface plane of the short wavelength light 63 74 Point reaching the light receiving unit upper surface plane of the long wavelength light 64
Claims (22)
前記フレネルレンズの断面は、複数のプリズム部を光軸から離れる方向または光軸に近づく方向へ並べた形状を含み、
前記各プリズム部は入射面および出射面を有し、前記入射面は光軸に垂直な方向に対して入射面傾き角βを有し、前記出射面は光軸に垂直な方向に対して出射面傾き角αを有しており、
前記各プリズム部の前記入射面には、光軸から遠い側の端点近傍に位置する第１の入射点、及び光軸から近い側の端点近傍に位置する第２の入射点が仮定され、前記各プリズム部の前記出射面傾き角α及び前記入射面傾き角βは、前記第１の入射点から入射し、出射面において屈折し、出射面から出射する第１の光、および前記第２の入射点から入射し、出射面において屈折し、出射面から出射する第２の光が、ともに前記受光部に到達するように設定されたことを特徴とする集光式太陽光発電装置。 In a concentrating solar power generation device including a Fresnel lens and a light receiving unit,
The cross section of the Fresnel lens includes a shape in which a plurality of prism portions are arranged in a direction away from the optical axis or in a direction approaching the optical axis,
Each prism unit has an incident surface and an exit surface, the incident surface has an incident surface tilt angle β with respect to a direction perpendicular to the optical axis, and the exit surface exits with respect to a direction perpendicular to the optical axis. Has a surface inclination angle α,
A first incident point located near the end point on the side far from the optical axis and a second incident point located near the end point near the optical axis are assumed on the incident surface of each prism unit, The exit surface tilt angle α and the entrance surface tilt angle β of each prism portion are incident from the first incident point, refracted at the exit surface, and emitted from the exit surface, and the second light A concentrating solar power generation device, wherein the second light that is incident from an incident point, refracted at the exit surface, and is emitted from the exit surface is set so as to reach the light receiving unit.
ここで、前記フレネルレンズ受光部間距離Ｈは、前記フレネルレンズの頂上部と前記受光部との距離を表わし、前記フレネルレンズ半径Ｄはフレネルレンズの半径を表わし、前記集光倍率Ｒは、前記フレネルレンズ半径Ｄと前記受光部の受光部半幅ｄの比の２乗を表わすことを特徴とする、請求項１から請求項１０までのいずれか一項に記載された集光式太陽光発電装置。 The Fresnel lens has a Fresnel lens light receiving portion distance H / Fresnel lens radius D in a range of 1.0 to −0.003 × R + 7.5, and a condensing magnification R in a range of 500 to 1700.
Here, the distance H between the Fresnel lens light receiving parts represents the distance between the top of the Fresnel lens and the light receiving part, the Fresnel lens radius D represents the radius of the Fresnel lens, and the light condensing magnification R is 11. The concentrating solar power generation device according to claim 1, wherein the concentrating solar power generation device represents a square of a ratio between a Fresnel lens radius D and a light receiving portion half width d of the light receiving portion. .
前記フレネルレンズの断面は、複数のプリズム部を光軸から離れる方向または光軸に近づく方向へ並べた形状を含み、
前記各プリズム部は入射面および出射面を有し、前記入射面は光軸に垂直な方向に対して入射面傾き角βを有し、前記出射面は光軸に垂直な方向に対して出射面傾き角αを有しており、
前記各プリズム部の前記入射面には、光軸から遠い側の端点近傍に位置する第１の入射点、及び光軸から近い側の端点近傍に位置する第２の入射点が仮定され、前記各プリズム部の前記出射面傾き角α及び前記入射面傾き角βは、前記第１の入射点から入射し、出射面において屈折し、出射面から出射する第１の光、および前記第２の入射点から入射し、出射面において屈折し、出射面から出射する第２の光が、ともに前記受光部に到達するように設定されたことを特徴とするフレネルレンズ。 In the Fresnel lens of the concentrating solar power generation device including the light receiving unit,
The cross section of the Fresnel lens includes a shape in which a plurality of prism portions are arranged in a direction away from the optical axis or in a direction approaching the optical axis,
Each prism unit has an incident surface and an exit surface, the incident surface has an incident surface tilt angle β with respect to a direction perpendicular to the optical axis, and the exit surface exits with respect to a direction perpendicular to the optical axis. Has a surface inclination angle α,
A first incident point located near the end point on the side far from the optical axis and a second incident point located near the end point near the optical axis are assumed on the incident surface of each prism unit, The exit surface tilt angle α and the entrance surface tilt angle β of each prism portion are incident from the first incident point, refracted at the exit surface, and emitted from the exit surface, and the second light A Fresnel lens, wherein the second light that is incident from an incident point, is refracted at the exit surface, and is emitted from the exit surface so as to reach the light receiving unit.
ここで、前記フレネルレンズ受光部間距離Ｈは、前記フレネルレンズの頂上部と前記受光部との距離を表わし、前記フレネルレンズ半径Ｄはフレネルレンズの半径を表わし、前記集光倍率Ｒは、前記フレネルレンズ半径Ｄと前記受光部の受光部半幅ｄの比の２乗を表わすことを特徴とする、請求項１２から請求項１６までのいずれか一項に記載されたフレネルレンズ。 The Fresnel lens has a Fresnel lens light receiving portion distance H / Fresnel lens radius D in a range of 1.0 to −0.003 × R + 7.5, and a condensing magnification R in a range of 500 to 1700.
Here, the distance H between the Fresnel lens light receiving parts represents the distance between the top of the Fresnel lens and the light receiving part, the Fresnel lens radius D represents the radius of the Fresnel lens, and the light condensing magnification R is 17. The Fresnel lens according to claim 12, wherein the Fresnel lens represents a square of a ratio between a Fresnel lens radius D and a light receiving portion half width d of the light receiving portion.
前記フレネルレンズの断面は、複数のプリズム部を光軸から離れる方向または光軸に近づく方向へ並べた形状を含ませ、
前記各プリズム部は入射面および出射面を有し、前記入射面は光軸に垂直な方向に対して入射面傾き角βを有し、前記出射面は光軸に垂直な方向に対して出射面傾き角αを有するものとし、
前記各プリズム部の前記入射面に、光軸から遠い側の端点近傍に位置する第１の入射点、及び光軸から近い側の端点近傍に位置する第２の入射点が仮定し、前記各プリズム部の前記出射面傾き角α及び前記入射面傾き角βを、前記第１の入射点から入射し、出射面において屈折し、出射面から出射する第１の光、および前記第２の入射点から入射し、出射面において屈折し、出射面から出射する第２の光が、ともに前記受光部に到達するように設定し、
前記各プリズム部を光軸から離れる方向または光軸に近づく方向へ並べることを特徴とする、フレネルレンズの形状を設計し、フレネルレンズを生産する方法。 In the method of producing the Fresnel lens by designing the shape of the Fresnel lens of the concentrating solar power generation device including the light receiving unit,
The cross section of the Fresnel lens includes a shape in which a plurality of prism portions are arranged in a direction away from the optical axis or in a direction approaching the optical axis,
Each prism unit has an incident surface and an exit surface, the incident surface has an incident surface tilt angle β with respect to a direction perpendicular to the optical axis, and the exit surface exits with respect to a direction perpendicular to the optical axis. It shall have a surface inclination angle α,
A first incident point located near the end point far from the optical axis and a second incident point located near the end point closer to the optical axis are assumed on the incident surface of each prism unit, The exit surface tilt angle α and the entrance surface tilt angle β of the prism portion are incident from the first incident point, refracted at the exit surface, and emitted from the exit surface, and the second incident. The second light that is incident from the point, refracted at the exit surface, and exits from the exit surface is set so as to reach both of the light receiving parts,
A method for producing a Fresnel lens by designing the shape of a Fresnel lens, wherein the prism portions are arranged in a direction away from or closer to the optical axis.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| JP2019056720A (en) * | 2017-09-19 | 2019-04-11 | 日本特殊光学樹脂株式会社 | Fresnel lens, lighting device, sunlight irradiation device and vehicular head lamp |
| CN116125571A (en) * | 2023-02-13 | 2023-05-16 | 哈尔滨工业大学（深圳） | Flexible Fresnel lens with high condensing performance and design method thereof |
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| JP2019056720A (en) * | 2017-09-19 | 2019-04-11 | 日本特殊光学樹脂株式会社 | Fresnel lens, lighting device, sunlight irradiation device and vehicular head lamp |
| CN116125571A (en) * | 2023-02-13 | 2023-05-16 | 哈尔滨工业大学（深圳） | Flexible Fresnel lens with high condensing performance and design method thereof |
| CN116125571B (en) * | 2023-02-13 | 2023-12-19 | 哈尔滨工业大学（深圳） | Flexible Fresnel lens with high condensing performance and design method thereof |
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