JP2011256925A - Caulked pipe joint - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a high-reliability caulked pipe joint capable of preventing omission of caulking by allowing visual recognition of a caulking completion state to be surely performed, and contributing to prevention of a liquid leakage accident.SOLUTION: This caulked pipe joint 1 includes a ring 6 for visual recognition to be externally fitted to a sleeve 3, wherein the sleeve 3 includes a plurality of slits 30a-30c extending in an axis C direction at circumferential intervals, and a plurality of expanding tongue pieces 31a-31c formed between the respective slits. In the ring 6 for visual recognition, a plurality of locking projections 64a-64c engaging with the plurality of slits 30a-30c are projected in the inner periphery thereof, and an annular thickness part 60 energized in a diameter-increasing direction by expansion of the expanding tongue pieces 31a-31c, and a first recessed part group 65X and a second recessed part group 65Y formed by extending in the axis C direction to cut into the annular thickness part 60 in order to generate gaps by reducing circumferential tensile stress of the annular thickness part 60 are provided.

Description

  The present invention relates to a caulking pipe joint, and more specifically, the reliability of caulking completion is confirmed by visual confirmation, so that forgetting caulking is suppressed and it is possible to contribute to prevention of a liquid leakage accident. It relates to a high caulking pipe joint.

  Conventionally, the thing of patent document 1 is proposed as a caulking pipe joint. This caulking fitting is shown in FIGS. In these drawings, the caulking pipe joint 50 has an end portion of a pipe 53 inserted between a nozzle portion 51 provided at one end of the pipe joint 50 and a sleeve 52 arranged so as to surround the nozzle portion 51. In addition, it is a caulking pipe joint in which the pipe 53 is watertightly sandwiched between the sleeve 52 and the nozzle portion 51 by caulking and compressing the sleeve 52, and the sleeve 52 includes the outer peripheral surface of the sleeve 52. The thin ribbon member for visual recognition 54, which is different in color and forms a tear when it is caulked, is wound beforehand.

  According to the caulking pipe joint 50 having the above-described configuration, when the caulking tool is used for caulking, a tear is formed in the thin strip member 54. Therefore, the thin strip member 54 is peeled off from the sleeve 52 using the tear, and the thin strip member 54 is thinned. Since the completion of the caulking operation can be confirmed by visually recognizing the sleeve 52 from which the belt member 54 has been removed, it is said that forgetting caulking can be suppressed and it is possible to contribute to the prevention of a liquid leakage accident. .

JP 2009-2402 A

  By the way, the thin ribbon member for visual recognition 54 wound around the outer periphery of the sleeve 52 is thin, such as vinyl tape, film, paper, metal foil, metal vapor-deposited tape, metal vapor-deposited film, metal vapor-deposited paper, and the axial center. Since it is composed of a material having a slit structure that is easy to tear in the C direction, for example, when the thin ribbon member for visual recognition 54 is caught by another member at the time of piping construction, although it is a front stage of the caulking work, There is a possibility that the visual strip member 54 may be peeled off from the sleeve 52. In particular, as shown in FIG. 9, if the visual thin ribbon member 54 has a small dimension L in the direction of the axis C (about 5 mm), the visual thin strip member 54 is peeled off from the sleeve 52 relatively easily. It can be said that it leads to.

  As described above, when the visual strip member 54 is peeled off from the sleeve 52 before the caulking work, the peeled state is visually recognized, and the caulking work is not completed. If the water is passed as it is, water leakage will occur from the place where the caulking is forgotten. That is, the caulking pipe joint 50 described in Patent Document 1 has a possibility that the caulking completion state is erroneously recognized by visual recognition, and thus it can be said that the reliability of confirmation of forgetting caulking is low.

  The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and by confirming the caulking completion state by visual confirmation, forgetting caulking is suppressed, and reliability that can contribute to prevention of a liquid leakage accident It is intended to provide a highly caulking pipe joint.

In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, a caulking pipe joint according to the present invention has a pipe end inserted between a nozzle part provided at one end of the pipe joint and a sleeve arranged so as to surround the nozzle part. In addition, in the caulking pipe joint in which the end of the pipe is watertightly sandwiched between the sleeve and the nozzle portion by caulking and compressing the sleeve,
The sleeve has a visual ring that is fitted on the distal end of the sleeve, and the sleeve has a plurality of slits formed in the distal end thereof extending in the axial direction at intervals in the circumferential direction, and between the slits. A plurality of spreading tongues formed on the visual ring, and a plurality of locking projections engaging with the plurality of slits projecting from the inner periphery of the ring for visual recognition. An annular meat portion that is urged in the diameter-expanding direction by the expansion of the expanding tongue piece, and an annular shape that extends in the axial direction in order to reduce the tensile stress in the circumferential direction of the annular meat portion and generate a tear It is characterized by comprising a plurality of recessed portions formed by biting into the meat portion.

  According to the caulking pipe joint having the above-described configuration, with the end portion of the pipe inserted between the nozzle portion and the sleeve, the portion excluding the tip end portion of the sleeve is compressed and caulked inward in the radial direction by a dedicated caulking tool. Then, the sleeve is compressed and deformed, and the compressed and deformed sleeve compresses and deforms the piping at the site. Thereby, piping is pinched watertight between a sleeve and a nozzle part, and removal of piping is prevented. At the same time, each of the plurality of expanding tongue pieces is expanded to urge the annular meat portion of the viewing ring in the diameter expanding direction. Since each of the plurality of locking projections protruding from the inner periphery of the viewing ring is engaged with the plurality of slits of the sleeve, relative rotation in the circumferential direction between the viewing ring and the sleeve is restricted. . Therefore, the annular meat part in the ring for visual recognition is effectively urged in the diameter-enlarging direction by the expansion of each of the plurality of expanding tongue pieces, and a circumferential tensile stress is generated in the annular meat part.

  Since the annular meat portion is formed with a plurality of recessed portions extending in the axial direction, the tensile stress in the circumferential direction of the portion where the plurality of recessed portions bite in the annular meat portion is plural. Since the tensile stress in the circumferential direction of the portion where the recessed portion is not biting is smaller, a tear is formed from the portion where the plurality of recessed portions are biting, and the tearing ring grows so that the visual ring has a plurality of broken pieces Is broken down into

  Most of the plurality of disassembled broken pieces fall off from the front end portion of the sleeve. In addition, if there is a broken piece that is caught on the tip of the sleeve without falling off and remains, it is caulked by removing the broken piece from the tip of the sleeve and visually observing the sleeve without the visual ring. The completion of the work can be confirmed. Therefore, forgetting caulking is suppressed and it is possible to contribute to prevention of water leakage accidents.

  On the other hand, even if the visual ring comes into contact with or is caught by other members during piping construction, the visual ring is broken down into a plurality of broken pieces by the external force at that time and falls off from the tip of the sleeve There is no. For this reason, there is no situation where the caulking work has not been completed, but there is no possibility of misidentifying that the caulking has been completed. Is possible.

  Further, in the caulking pipe joint according to the present invention, a plurality of recessed portions extending in the axial direction formed in the viewing ring are annularly extended from one end side to the other end side in the axial direction of the viewing ring. A first recessed portion group that bites into the flesh portion of the first ring, and the first concave portion group that craws in the circumferential direction and extends from the other end side in the axial direction of the visualizing ring to the one end side and bites into the annular flesh portion It is desirable to comprise with the 2nd recessed part group. According to this, in the annular flesh portion, the number of portions with a small tensile stress in the circumferential direction in which a plurality of recessed portions bite increases, so that the formation of the fissure and the growth of the fissure are promoted, and the visual ring is It can be easily disassembled into a plurality of broken pieces and dropped from the tip of the sleeve.

  Furthermore, the caulking pipe joint according to the present invention has an annular shape in which a plurality of recessed portions extending in the axial direction of the viewing ring are extended from one end side to the other end side in the axial direction of the viewing ring. You may comprise only the 1st recessed part group which bites into the meat part. According to this, by using the visualizing ring with a simplified structure, the visualizing ring can be disassembled into a plurality of broken pieces, and most of them can be detached from the tip of the sleeve.

  In the caulking pipe joint according to the present invention, even when the visualizing ring comes into contact with or is caught by another member at the time of piping construction, the visualizing ring is disassembled into a plurality of broken pieces by the external force at that time. It will not fall off the tip of the. For this reason, there is no situation where the caulking work has not been completed, but there is no possibility of misidentifying that the caulking has been completed. Is possible.

1 is a half-sectional view showing a first embodiment of a caulking pipe joint according to the present invention. It is a block diagram which shows an example of the metal sleeve applied to 1st Embodiment of FIG. 1, Fig.2 (a) is the front view seen from the front end side, FIG.2 (b) is FIG.2 (a). IIb-IIb arrow line view and FIG.2 (c) are IIc-IIc arrow line views of Fig.2 (a). It is a block diagram which shows an example of the resin-made visual rings applied to 1st Embodiment of FIG. 1, FIG. 3 (a) is the front view seen from the front end side, FIG.3 (b) is FIG. ) In FIG. 3B, FIG. 3C is a view in the direction of arrow IIIc-IIIc in FIG. 3A, and FIG. 3D is a view in the direction of arrow IIId-IIId in FIG. FIG. 6 is a half-sectional view showing a second embodiment of a caulking pipe joint according to the present invention. It is a block diagram which shows an example of the metal sleeve applied to 2nd Embodiment of FIG. 4, Fig.5 (a) is the front view seen from the front end side, FIG.5 (b) is FIG.5 (a). Vb-Vb arrow view, FIG.5 (c) is a Vc-Vc arrow view of Fig.5 (a). It is a block diagram which shows an example of the resin-made visual rings applied to 2nd Embodiment of FIG. 4, FIG. 6 (a) is the front view seen from the front end side, FIG.6 (b) is FIG. VIb-VIb arrow view, FIG. 6C is a VIc-VIc arrow view of FIG. 6A. It is a perspective view of the 1st prior art example. FIG. 8 is a half-sectional view of FIG. 7. It is a front view of the 2nd conventional example.

Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the caulking pipe joint according to the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 1 is a half-sectional view showing a first embodiment of a caulking pipe joint according to the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a configuration diagram showing an example of a metal sleeve applied to the first embodiment of FIG. 2A is a front view seen from the front end side, FIG. 2B is a view taken along the arrow IIb-IIb in FIG. 2A, and FIG. 2C is a view taken along the arrow IIc-IIc in FIG. FIGS. 3A and 3B are configuration diagrams showing an example of a resin visual ring applied to the first embodiment of FIG. 1. FIG. 3A is a front view seen from the front end side, and FIG. ) Is a view taken along the arrow IIIb-IIIb in FIG. 3 (a), FIG. 3 (c) is a view taken along the arrow IIIc-IIIc in FIG. 3 (a), and FIG. 3 (d) is a view taken along the arrow IIId-IIId in FIG. FIG.

  In FIGS. 1, 2 (a) to 2 (c), and FIGS. 3 (a) to 3 (d), the caulking pipe joint 1 surrounds the nozzle portion 2 provided at one end thereof and the nozzle portion 2. The distal end portion of the pipe 4 is inserted between the sleeve 3 and the nozzle portion 2 by inserting the distal end portion of the pipe 4 between the metal sleeve 3 and the sleeve 3 and compressing the sleeve 3 with a dedicated tool for caulking. And a resin-made visual ring 6 that is fitted on the tip of the sleeve 3.

  In the pipe joint 1, annular O-ring receiving grooves 2 a and 2 b are formed on the outer peripheral surface of the nozzle portion 2, and the O-ring receiving grooves 2 a and 2 b are in close contact with the inner peripheral surface of the inserted pipe 4 tip. Then, an O-ring 7 for stopping water is fitted and held, and the outer peripheral surface of the nozzle portion 2 has a substantially wave-like swell shape.

  The metal sleeve 3 is formed between the three slits 30a, 30b, 30c formed at the front end thereof in the axial direction with a circumferential interval therebetween, and the slits 30a, 30b, 30c. Two expanding tongue pieces 31a, 31b, 31c are provided, and the outer peripheral surface of the body portion 32 excluding the front end portion is provided with two strips corresponding to a dedicated caulking tool at a predetermined interval in the axis C direction. The annular ridges 33a and 33b are formed.

  The pipe 4 is a cross-linked polyethylene pipe used for water supply / hot water pipes, a composite pipe of polyethylene and aluminum pipe, etc. In this embodiment, an inner layer 4a made of a cross-linked polyethylene pipe and an aluminum pipe are used. A three-layered pipe 4 provided with an intermediate layer 4b made of and an outer layer 4c made of polyethylene pipe is applied.

  The resin visual ring 6 is made of a resin injection molded body and has a color having a large contrast (contrast) with respect to the color of the outer peripheral surface of the metal sleeve 3. Here, if the color of the outer peripheral surface of the sleeve 3 is silver, a color that has a large contrast with respect to the silver color and can be easily identified, for example, yellow or white is preferable. Further, since the visual recognition work of the visual ring 6 is usually performed by standing on the floor and irradiating light on the ceiling, it may be provided with a fluorescent color or a color with high light reflection efficiency.

  The ring-shaped meat part 60 of the resin visual ring 6 includes a tip part 61 having a substantially trapezoidal cross section, a large-diameter flange part 62 adjacent to the rear side of the tip part 61 in the axis C direction, and a shaft of the flange part 62. A small-diameter thin-walled body portion 63 adjacent to the rear side in the direction of the center C is provided, and the inner diameter thereof is set to a uniform size that can be externally fitted to the distal end portion of the metal sleeve 3. Further, three locking projections 64a, 64b, and 64c that engage with the three slits 30a, 30b, and 30c of the sleeve 3 protrude from the inner periphery of the distal end portion 61.

  The resin-made visual ring 6 includes a plurality of recessed portions 65 for reducing the tensile stress in the circumferential direction between the distal end portion 61 and the flange portion 62 in the annular meat portion 60 and generating a tear. It is formed by biting into the flange part 62 and the body part 63. The recessed portion 65 extends from one end side (tip portion 61 side) in the axis C direction of the visual ring 6 toward the other end side (flange portion 62 side), and the tip portion 61 in the annular meat portion 60 A first recessed portion group 65X composed of five slits 65a, 65b, 65c, 65d, and 65e that bite into the flange portion 62, and an axis C of the visual ring 6 leaning against the first recessed portion group 65X in the circumferential direction. Three slits 65f, 65g, and 65h extending from the other end side (flange portion 62 side) to the one end side (tip portion 61 side) and biting into the body portion 63 and the flange portion 62 in the annular meat portion 60 And a second recessed portion group 65Y composed of two slits 65i and 65j that bite only into the body portion 63.

  According to the caulking pipe joint 1 having the above-described configuration, the end portion of the sleeve 3 is removed by a caulking dedicated tool (not shown) in a state where the end portion of the pipe 4 is inserted between the nozzle portion 2 and the metal sleeve 3. When the part is compressed in the radial direction and crimped, the sleeve 3 is compressed and deformed, and the compressed and deformed sleeve 3 compresses and deforms the pipe 4 at that part. Thereby, the piping 4 is watertightly clamped between the sleeve 3 and the nozzle portion 2 to prevent the piping 4 from being pulled out. At the same time, the three expanding tongue pieces 31a, 31b, 31c are respectively expanded to urge the annular meat portion 60 of the visual ring 6 in the diameter increasing direction. Since each of the three locking projections 64a, 64b, 64c protruding from the inner periphery of the visual ring 6 is engaged with the three slits 30a, 30b, 30c of the sleeve 3, the visual ring 6 And relative rotation in the circumferential direction between the sleeve 3 and the sleeve 3 are restricted. Therefore, each of the three expanding tongue pieces 31a, 31b, and 31c is expanded to effectively urge the annular meat portion 60 in the visual ring 6 in the diameter-enlarging direction, and to pull the annular meat portion 60 in the circumferential direction. Create stress.

  The annular meat portion 60 is formed with a first recess portion group 65X and a second recess portion group 65Y extending in the direction of the axis C, so that the first recess portion group is formed in the annular meat portion 60. Since the tensile stress in the circumferential direction of the portion where the 65X and the second recessed portion group 65Y bite is smaller than the tensile stress in the circumferential direction of the portion where the first recessed portion group 65X and the second recessed portion group 65Y do not bite, A tear is formed from the portion where the first recessed portion group 65X and the second recessed portion group 65Y are biting into, and the tearing ring grows so that the visual ring 6 is decomposed into a plurality of broken pieces.

  Since the plurality of recessed portions 65 are constituted by the first recessed portion group 65X and the second recessed portion group 65Y, the tensile stress in the circumferential direction in which the first and second recessed portion groups 65X and 65Y bite is small. Since the number of parts increases, the formation of the tears and the growth of the tears are promoted, so that the visual ring 6 can be easily disassembled into a plurality of fragments and dropped from the tip of the sleeve 3. Thereby, it is possible to confirm the completion of the caulking work by visually recognizing the sleeve 3 from which the visual ring 6 has disappeared. Therefore, forgetting caulking is suppressed and it is possible to contribute to prevention of water leakage accidents.

  On the other hand, even when the visual ring 6 comes into contact with or is caught by another member at the time of piping construction, the visual ring 6 is disassembled into a plurality of broken pieces by the external force at that time, and the tip of the sleeve 3 It will not fall out of the department. For this reason, there is no situation where the caulking work has not been completed, but there is no possibility of misidentifying that the caulking has been completed. Is possible.

  4 is a half-sectional view showing a second embodiment of a caulking pipe joint according to the present invention, and FIG. 5 is a configuration diagram showing an example of a metal sleeve applied to the second embodiment of FIG. 5A is a front view as viewed from the front end side, FIG. 5B is a view taken along the arrow Vb-Vb in FIG. 5A, and FIG. 5C is a view taken along the arrow Vc-Vc in FIG. FIG. 6 is a block diagram showing an example of a resin visual ring applied to the second embodiment of FIG. 4, FIG. 6 (a) is a front view seen from the front end side, and FIG. 6 (b). FIG. 6A is a view taken along arrow VIb-VIb in FIG. 6A, and FIG. 6C is a view taken along arrow VIc-VIc in FIG.

  The caulking pipe joint 1 of the second embodiment is different from the caulking pipe joint 1 of the first embodiment described in FIGS. 1, 2 (a) to (c), and FIGS. 3 (a) to (d). Are in the metal sleeve 3 and the resin visual ring 6, and other configurations are not different, and therefore, the same parts as those of the caulking pipe joint 1 of the first embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals and overlapped. Description is omitted.

  4, 5 (a) to (c), and FIGS. 6 (a) to (c), the metal sleeve 3 applied to the caulking pipe joint 1 of the second embodiment is circumferentially disposed at the distal end portion thereof. The three slits 30a, 30b, 30c formed extending in the axial direction with a gap of 3 and three expanded tongue pieces 31a, 31b, 31c formed between the slits 30a, 30b, 30c I have.

  The ring-shaped meat part 60 of the resin visual ring 6 includes a tip part 66 having a substantially trapezoidal cross section and a large-diameter flange part 67 adjacent to the rear side of the tip part 66 in the axis C direction. Is set to a uniform size that can be externally fitted to the tip of the metal sleeve 3. Further, on the inner periphery of the flange portion 67, three locking protrusions 64a, 64b, and 64c that are engaged with the three slits 30a, 30b, and 30c of the sleeve 3 are projected.

  The resin viewing ring 6 includes a first recessed portion group 65X configured by three recessed portions 65 for generating a tear by reducing the tensile stress in the circumferential direction of the distal end portion 66 of the annular meat portion 60. However, it extends from one end side (tip portion 66 side) in the axial center C direction of the visual recognition ring 6 toward the other end side (flange portion 67 side) and bites into the tip portion 66.

  Even in the caulking pipe joint 1 according to the second embodiment having the above-described configuration, the sleeve 3 is used by a caulking dedicated tool (not shown) in a state where the end of the pipe 4 is inserted between the nozzle portion 2 and the metal sleeve 3. When the portion excluding the tip portion is compressed and crimped in the radially inward direction, the sleeve 3 is compressed and deformed, and the compressed and deformed sleeve 3 compresses and deforms the pipe 4 at that portion. Thereby, the piping 4 is watertightly clamped between the sleeve 3 and the nozzle portion 2 to prevent the piping 4 from being pulled out. At the same time, the three expanding tongue pieces 31a, 31b, 31c are respectively expanded to urge the annular meat portion 60 of the visual ring 6 in the diameter increasing direction. Since each of the three locking projections 64a, 64b, 64c protruding from the inner periphery of the visual ring 6 is engaged with the three slits 30a, 30b, 30c of the sleeve 3, the visual ring 6 And relative rotation in the circumferential direction between the sleeve 3 and the sleeve 3 are restricted. Therefore, each of the three expanding tongue pieces 31a, 31b, and 31c is expanded to effectively urge the annular meat portion 60 in the visual ring 6 in the diameter-enlarging direction, and to pull the annular meat portion 60 in the circumferential direction. Create stress.

  Since the first recessed portion group 65X extending in the direction of the axis C is bitten into the annular meat portion 60, the periphery of the portion where the first recessed portion group 65X bites in the annular meat portion 60 is formed. Since the tensile stress in the direction is smaller than the tensile stress in the circumferential direction of the portion where the first recessed portion group 65X does not bite, a tear is formed from the portion where the first recessed portion group 65X bites, and this tear grows. Thus, the visual ring 6 is disassembled into a plurality of broken pieces.

  Most of the plurality of disassembled broken pieces fall off from the front end portion of the sleeve 3. Further, if there is a broken fragment that remains on the tip of the sleeve 3 without falling off, the broken fragment is removed from the tip of the sleeve 3 so that the sleeve 3 without the visual ring 6 is visually recognized. By doing so, the completion of the caulking work can be confirmed. Therefore, forgetting caulking is suppressed and it is possible to contribute to prevention of water leakage accidents.

  In the caulking pipe joint 1 according to the second embodiment, the visual ring 6 having a simplified structure is used as compared with the visual ring 6 applied to the caulking pipe joint 1 according to the first embodiment. Thus, the visual ring 6 can be disassembled into a plurality of broken pieces, most of which can be removed from the tip of the sleeve 3.

  The descriptions of the first and second embodiments are merely detailed descriptions and drawings of preferred specific examples of the present invention, and do not limit the scope of the claims of the present invention. A person skilled in the art having ordinary knowledge in the field can appropriately make changes and improvements, but it goes without saying that these embodiments should fall within the technical scope claimed by the present invention, for example, sockets, elbows, etc. , Tee, cross, lateral, reducer, nipple, etc. can be applied to various pipe joints.

  Before connecting water pipes and hot water pipes, etc., after the completion of the ceiling pipe construction, make sure that the pipes are securely connected to the pipe joints without forgetting them.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Caulking pipe joint 2 Nozzle part 3 Sleeve 4 Piping 6 Visualizing ring 30a Slit 30b Slit 30c Slit 31a Expanding tongue piece 31b Expanding tongue piece 31c Expanding tongue piece 64a Locking protrusion 64b Locking protrusion 64c Locking protrusion 65 Concave Entry part 65X 1st recessed part group 65Y 2nd recessed part group C Axis center

Claims (3)

The end portion of the pipe is inserted between the nozzle portion provided at one end of the pipe joint and the sleeve disposed so as to surround the nozzle portion, and the sleeve and the nozzle portion are compressed by crimping the sleeve. In caulking fittings that end the pipes in a watertight manner,
The sleeve has a visual ring that is fitted on the distal end of the sleeve, and the sleeve has a plurality of slits formed in the distal end thereof extending in the axial direction at intervals in the circumferential direction, and between the slits. A plurality of spreading tongues formed on the visual ring, and a plurality of locking projections engaging with the plurality of slits projecting from the inner periphery of the ring for visual recognition. An annular meat portion that is urged in the diameter-expanding direction by the expansion of the expanding tongue piece, and an annular shape that extends in the axial direction in order to reduce the tensile stress in the circumferential direction of the annular meat portion and generate a tear A caulking pipe joint comprising a plurality of recessed portions that are formed by biting into the flesh portion. In the caulking pipe joint according to claim 1,
A plurality of recessed portions extending in the axial direction of the visual recognition ring extend from one end side to the other end side in the axial direction of the visual recognition ring, and a first recessed portion group that bites into the annular flesh portion And a second recessed portion group extending in the circumferential direction toward the first recessed portion group and extending from the other end side in the axial direction of the visualizing ring to the one end side and biting into the annular meat portion. Caulking pipe fitting. In the caulking pipe joint according to claim 1,
The plurality of recessed portions extending in the axial direction of the visual recognition ring are only the first concave portion group extending from one end side to the other end side in the axial direction of the visual recognition ring and biting into the annular meat portion. Caulking pipe joint made of

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