JP2011237323A - Noise measuring device - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a noise measuring device capable of identifying the type of a moving object and measuring the noise attributable to that moving object by a simple method.SOLUTION: A noise measuring device that references pre-collected sounds emitted by mobile objects and identifies the type of a mobile object by the sound emitted by the mobile object comprises a microphone 1 that converts a sound emitted by a mobile object into a sound measuring signal, a feature parameter calculating means 7 that calculates a feature signal in which elements of the feature parameter extracted from the sound measuring signal into which conversion was made by the microphone 1 into an array of at least two values, a classification function coefficient calculating means 8 that calculates a classification function coefficient based on the feature parameter calculated from pre-collected sound measuring signals of the mobbing object, a classification class calculating means 9 that calculates class values of classification functions based on the classification function coefficient calculated by the classification function coefficient calculating means 8 and the feature parameter of the moving object, and an identifying means 10 that identifies the type of the moving object from the class value of the classification function calculated by the classification class calculating means 9.

Description

  The present invention relates to a noise measuring apparatus that identifies the type of a moving body and measures noise caused by the moving body.

Conventionally, noise measurement has been performed on transportation such as road traffic, rail traffic, and air traffic. At that time, it is desired not to measure only the noise level at that location, but to identify what kind of vehicle (vehicle type / model) the source of the noise is. For example, in the case of an automobile, is it an emergency vehicle such as an ambulance or fire engine, a truck, a passenger car or a motorcycle? Also, if it is an aircraft, is it a jet passenger plane, a fighter plane, or a light aircraft? In addition, it is desired to identify such models, wakes and flight conditions (takeoff, landing, passage).

Therefore, for each aircraft, the frequency components included in each noise measurement signal are separated into a plurality of frequency bands, and the difference between a plurality of detected band level maximum value data and detected band level average value data is obtained. There is known an aircraft model identification device that selects a model closest to the model based on the relative band level data and identifies the model (see, for example, Patent Document 1).
In addition, for an aircraft equipped with a secondary radar device, a method is known which is used for identification by analyzing a response signal from the aircraft and comparing it with sound data.

Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 9-89646

However, in the invention described in Patent Document 1, since it is easily influenced by the maximum value data of the noise measurement signal, there may be a large difference in the discrimination rate between an aircraft passing near and an aircraft passing far.
In addition, in the method using the response signal from the aircraft equipped with the secondary radar device, even if the radio waves of the aircraft are received, the sound measured at the observation point may include sound other than the measurement target. It is necessary to confirm whether the sound data is aircraft. In addition, a device for receiving a response signal from an aircraft becomes a large scale, and it cannot cope with an aircraft not equipped with a secondary radar device.

  The present invention has been made in view of such problems of the prior art, and the object of the present invention is to identify the type and state of a moving body by a simple method and to detect noise caused by the moving body. It is an object of the present invention to provide a noise measuring device capable of measuring the noise.

In order to solve the above-mentioned problem, the invention according to claim 1 refers to the sound emitted by the moving body collected in advance, identifies the type of the moving body from the sound emitted by the moving body, and measures the sound by the moving body. A noise measuring device comprising a sound collecting means for converting a sound emitted by a moving body into a sound measurement signal, and an element of a characteristic parameter extracted from the sound measurement signal converted by the sound collecting means as an array of at least two values The characteristic parameter calculating means for calculating the characteristic parameter, the classification function coefficient calculating means for calculating the classification function coefficient based on the characteristic parameter calculated from the sound measurement signal of the mobile body collected in advance, and the classification function coefficient calculating means Based on the classification function coefficient and the feature parameter of the moving object, a classification class computing means for calculating the class value of the classification function, and a classification function class calculated by the classification class computing means. From the scan values are those comprising an identification means for identifying the type of the moving object.

As the feature parameter element, the frequency band level and / or moving direction average normal vector of the sound measurement signal can be used as the feature parameter element.

  Further, as the element of the characteristic parameter, the duration of the sound measurement signal can be divided, and the frequency band level and / or moving direction average normal vector for each division can be used.

  Further, as an element of the characteristic parameter, the duration of the sound measurement signal is divided into three (t1, t2, t3) at a time when the sound pressure level of the sound measurement signal is lower than a maximum value (LAmax) by a predetermined value (ΔL). The frequency band level and / or moving direction average normal vector of each divided time zone (t1, t2, t3) or rising time zone (t1) can be used.

  Further, as the element of the characteristic parameter, the duration of the sound measurement signal is based on the maximum value (LAmax) of the sound pressure level of the sound measurement signal, and the frequency band level of the rising time zone up to this maximum value and / or Alternatively, a moving direction average normal vector can be used.

According to the present invention, the class value of the classification function is calculated from the characteristic parameter calculated from the sound measurement signal of the mobile object and the classification function coefficient calculated in advance, and the class value of the classification function is most similar. Since the object corresponding to the class value to be determined is selected as the mobile object, if sufficient teacher data can be provided, the identification rate is improved and even measurement under various circumstances is possible. The identification rate is less affected. The teacher data is a sound measurement signal or a characteristic parameter whose measurement object is known in advance.

Of the sound data for each time period obtained by dividing the duration of the sound measurement signal, the sound data approaching the observation point has a strong feature for identifying the type of the moving object. In particular, in the case of an aircraft, in addition to identifying the model, the flight state (takeoff, landing, passage) and direction can be automatically identified from the sound data.

Configuration diagram of noise measuring apparatus according to the present invention Illustration of aircraft sound measurement signal Illustration of feature parameters Illustration of moving direction average normal vector Flow chart showing measurement procedure

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. As shown in FIG. 1, the noise measuring apparatus according to the present invention includes a microphone 1, a sound detecting unit 2, a signal processing unit 3, a noise measuring unit 4, a storage unit 5, and a display unit 6.

The microphone 1 is a sound collecting unit that collects sound emitted by a moving body such as an automobile or an aircraft, and converts the sound into an electric signal. The sound detection unit 2 AD-converts the electrical signal output from the microphone 1 and sends it as a sound measurement signal to the signal processing unit 3 and the noise measurement unit 4. The signal processing unit 3 includes feature parameter calculation means 7, classification function coefficient calculation means 8, classification class calculation means 9, and identification means 10. The sound measurement signal may be captured by a memory card or data communication means and sent to the signal processing unit 3 and the noise measurement unit 4.

  The characteristic parameter calculation means 7 receives a sound measurement signal that is an output signal of the sound detector 2 and calculates a characteristic parameter (array). Which sound data is used as an element of the feature parameter array is determined in advance. The classification function coefficient calculation means 8 calculates the classification function coefficient so that the characteristic parameter calculated by the characteristic parameter calculation means 7 for the teacher data in which the measurement object and the measurement sound are identified in advance corresponds to the aircraft. The classification function coefficient for each model / flight state calculated by the classification function coefficient calculation means 8 is stored in the storage unit 5 as matrix data.

The classification class calculation unit 9 calculates the class value of each classification function from the matrix product of the characteristic parameter of the measurement object calculated by the characteristic parameter calculation unit 7 and the classification function coefficient stored in the storage unit 5 in advance. . The discriminating means 10 uses the classification function coefficient (model / flight state) corresponding to the class value determined to be the most similar among the class values of the respective classification functions calculated by the classification class calculating means 9 as the corresponding model / flight state. Select as

The result of selection by the identification unit 10 is stored in the storage unit 5. In addition, selection results and the like are displayed on the display unit 6 as desired. In this manner, the microphone 1, the sound detection unit 2, the signal processing unit 3, the storage unit 5, and the display unit 6 constitute a model identifying unit for a moving body such as an aircraft.

The noise measurement unit 4 measures the noise level of the sound measurement signal that is the output signal of the sound detection unit 2 and displays the measurement result on the display unit 6. As described above, the microphone 1, the sound detection unit 2, the noise measurement unit 4, and the display unit 6 constitute a noise measurement unit for a moving body such as an aircraft.

When measuring the sound emitted from the aircraft and identifying the aircraft model and flight state, for example, a measurement location (observation point) is selected near the runway, and a microphone 1 serving as sound collection means is installed there. . The microphone 1 collects sound generated by an aircraft that passes through the observation point or an aircraft that arrives and departs on the runway for each model. Then, a sound measurement signal (SD) is obtained by the sound detector 2.

  It is also possible to measure by placing the microphones 1 on the take-off side and the landing side of the runway. By increasing the number of microphones 1, the model identification rate can be improved. As shown in FIG. 2, the characteristics of the sound measurement signals (SD1, SD2) obtained from the microphone 1 generally indicate a single mountain-shaped curve as a whole. As time passes, the aircraft gradually increases as it approaches the microphone 1 and gradually decreases as it moves away from the microphone 1.

In some cases, the rise time and decay time of the sound measurement signal are substantially the same (SD1), and in other cases, the rise time of the sound measurement signal is shorter than the decay time (SD2). The duration (DUR1, DUR2) of the sound measurement signal (SD1, SD2) is a time zone greater than a level that is lower than the maximum value of the sound measurement signal (SD1, SD2) by a predetermined reference value (L _REF ). The peak time of the sound measurement signal (SD1) is (t _A1 ), and the peak time of the sound measurement signal (SD2) is (t _A2 ).

  The sound measurement signals (SD1, SD2) have parameters indicating the characteristics of each aircraft. The element of the characteristic parameter that is an array is appropriately selected from the following data. Referring to FIG. 2, the parameters indicating the characteristics of the aircraft include the maximum value of the sound measurement signal (LAmax1, LAmax2), the duration of the sound measurement signal (DUR1, DUR2), the rise time, the decay time, and the like. Further, each frequency band level of the sound measurement signal is also characterized.

  As each frequency band level, for example, a detection band level maximum value or a relative level difference data which is a maximum level for each frequency band described in Patent Document 1 can be used as a parameter. As described above, parameters indicating the characteristics of each aircraft can be used as elements of the characteristic parameters.

  Further, as shown in FIG. 3, the duration (DUR) of the sound measurement signal (SD) is set to 3 at the time when the predetermined sound pressure level (ΔL) is lowered from the maximum value (LAmax) of the sound measurement signal (SD). By dividing (t1, t2, t3) and using each frequency band level of the sound measurement signal (SD) in each time zone as an element of the characteristic parameter, the model identification rate can be further improved.

The duration (DUR) can be divided into three parts by dividing the duration (DUR) into three equal parts. As each frequency band level, as described in Patent Document 1, a detected band level maximum value or relative level difference data may be used. Further, the number of divisions is not limited to three and the number of divisions is appropriately increased / decreased according to the purpose to determine the elements of the characteristic parameters.

In the case of an aircraft, the characteristics of the model and the flight state often appear in the time zone t1, which is the rising portion. In the case of an aircraft, about 3 divisions are desirable. Data that is characteristic of the time zone (t1) approaching the observation point and the time zone (t3) away from the observation point can be used without being buried without being affected by the maximum value at the time point (t _A ). Further, if only the data in the time zone t1, which is the rising portion, is used, the amount of data does not increase too much. A statistical increase in the amount of data means an increase in the number and effort of teacher data to be learned in advance.

  Furthermore, by installing a plurality (three or more) of microphones 1 at one observation point, it is possible to distinguish whether the measurement sound is ground sound (automobile etc.) or sky sound (aircraft etc.), and each aircraft You can know the flight direction. For example, as shown in FIG. 4, the moving direction average normal vector H representing the moving direction of the aircraft along with the azimuth and elevation data is also used as a feature parameter element, so that the model identification rate can be further improved. .

  It is known that the moving direction average normal vector H is determined as a vector perpendicular to the plane formed by the observation point and the projected flight path, assuming that the flight path is projected onto a unit sphere centered on the observation point. (See, for example, JP-A-7-43023).

  Time series data can also be added to the feature parameters. For example, the feature parameter elements are prepared at predetermined time intervals. In the case of aircraft sound, since the portion of the rise time that approaches the observation point tends to be characteristic for the model and flight state, it is efficient to use only the data of this time zone (t1) as the characteristic parameter elements. In addition, the duration (DUR), the date and time may be added to the feature parameter.

In order to improve the identification accuracy of each aircraft, elements of these characteristic parameters are selected and used depending on the purpose of measurement. Further, considering the reduction in the amount of data and the shortening of the calculation time, it is possible to identify more efficiently by limiting to particularly effective elements while maintaining the identification accuracy.

  A measurement procedure when the noise measuring apparatus according to the present invention configured as described above is applied to an aircraft will be described with reference to the flowchart shown in FIG. First, a preliminary process for collecting information (teacher data) on each aircraft model and creating a matrix of classification function coefficients will be described.

Three microphones 1 are installed at the observation point. The level of the sound measurement signal for each frequency band in the duration of the sound measurement signal and the elevation angle, azimuth angle, and sound pressure level at the time of peak sound pressure level are feature parameter elements, and the number of feature parameter elements is m. To do. The number of aircraft models to be identified is n. The identification target may be every flight state or every runway.

  In step SP1, the characteristic parameter calculation means 7 calculates the data of the elevation angle, the azimuth angle, and the sound pressure level at the observation point from the sound measurement signal of the flying aircraft at each frequency band level and the sound pressure level peak. Array. The number of elements of each feature parameter may be determined by the degree of data distribution. For example, the frequency band is set finely or the time for obtaining the elevation angle / azimuth angle is increased.

  Next, in step SP2, the classification function coefficient calculating means 8 calculates a classification function coefficient corresponding to the aircraft in order to perform discriminant analysis from the feature parameter data for each model collected in step SP1. The classification function coefficients obtained in this way are stored in the storage unit 5 for each model and flight state. Since the number of feature parameters is m and the number of models to be identified is n, the classification function coefficient is stored as an (m × n) matrix A.

Next, an identification processing step for identifying an aircraft model or the like from the sound measurement signal will be described. In the identification processing step, the model (class C _{0 to} C _n-1 ) is determined from the characteristic parameter calculated from the sound measurement signal and the classification function coefficient (matrix A: n × m) calculated in advance, and the identification result is obtained. indicate.

Specifically, for a class value matrix (n × 1) obtained by integrating feature parameters calculated from measured values and a matrix composed of classification function coefficients, for example, the largest value is obtained by comparing the class values of the classification functions. Is determined as the corresponding model, and this is used as the identification result.

First, in step SP11, the feature parameter calculation means 7 calculates feature parameters (m) from the sound measurement signals collected by the microphone 1, adds a constant term, and sets the feature parameters of the observation data as an (m × 1) matrix. Let x be. Next, in step SP12, the classification class calculation unit 9 calculates the classification function vector y (n × 1) of all models (classes C _{0 to} C _n-1 ) at once by the following matrix calculation.

Next, in step SP13, when the identification unit 10 has a maximum value of Ci = Cp among the elements of the classification function vector y, it is determined that the model corresponds to the classification function coefficient in the Cp row of the A matrix. decide. Although the maximum value is used here, the minimum value may be determined to be the most similar depending on how the calculation formula is placed (for example, whether it is handled as y _Cp or 1 / y _Cp ).

Next, in step SP14, the display unit 6 displays the determined model as an identification result. The top three y _Cis may be selected as candidates and displayed in order. Further, the noise measurement unit 4 measures the noise level of the identified aircraft, and the measurement result is also displayed on the display unit 6.

  Moreover, the classification function coefficient can be reconstructed by adding new teacher data as necessary. If there is special data collected to create the classification function coefficient, it is desirable to remove the classification data and reconstruct the classification function coefficient. Furthermore, during the learning period, the feature parameter can be increased or decreased so that the identification according to the purpose can be performed accurately and efficiently. Delete parameters that have little influence, and add new parameters if you cannot identify them well.

According to the present invention, it is possible to constantly monitor noise identifying a model without requiring a person to be stationed or requiring a radio wave receiver or high-accuracy video shooting.

  In the embodiment of the present invention, the present invention is applied to an aircraft. However, the present invention can also be applied to regular monitoring of automobiles and marine traffic other than aircraft. For example, in the case of automobiles, vehicle types such as trucks, private cars, motorcycles and the like can be identified, and the present invention can be applied to identification of vehicle types that are noise sources. What is necessary is just to select the characteristic parameter of the vehicle model by sound measurement signals, such as a motor vehicle and a train, equivalent to a sound measurement signal (SD). For example, as with an aircraft, the characteristic parameters include a maximum value (LAmax), a duration (DUR), and each frequency band level.

Further, the duration (DUR) can be divided into a plurality of time zones (for example, divided into 3) based on the maximum value (LAmax), and each frequency band level of the sound measurement signal can be selected for each time zone. . Only the sound measurement signal when approaching the observation point may be selected. Application to other mobile objects is also possible.

The sound data for each time zone obtained by dividing the duration of the sound measurement signal and the sound data approaching the observation point have a feature for identifying the type of the moving object. In particular, in the case of an aircraft, in addition to identifying the model, the flight state (takeoff, landing, passage) and direction can be automatically identified and noise can be measured.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Microphone, 2 ... Sound detection part, 3 ... Signal processing part, 4 ... Noise measurement part, 5 ... Memory | storage part, 6 ... Display part, 7 ... Feature parameter calculation means, 8 ... Classification function coefficient calculation means, 9 ... Classification Class calculation means, 10... Identification means.

Claims (5)

A noise measuring device that identifies the type of a moving body from the sounds emitted by the moving body with reference to the sounds emitted by the moving body, and measures the sound generated by the moving body. Sound collecting means for converting into a measurement signal, feature parameter calculating means for calculating a feature parameter having an element of feature parameters extracted from the sound measurement signal converted by the sound collecting means as an array of at least two values, and collected in advance Based on the classification function coefficient calculating means for calculating the classification function coefficient based on the characteristic parameter calculated from the sound measurement signal of the moving body, on the basis of the classification function coefficient calculated by the classification function coefficient calculating means and the characteristic parameter of the moving body, Classification class computing means for calculating the class value of the classification function, and identification means for identifying the type of the moving object from the class value of the classification function calculated by the classification class computing means Noise measuring device, characterized in that it comprises. 2. The noise measuring apparatus according to claim 1, wherein a frequency band level and / or moving direction average normal vector of the sound measurement signal is used as an element of the characteristic parameter. 2. The noise measuring apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the duration of the sound measurement signal is divided as the element of the characteristic parameter, and a frequency band level and / or moving direction average normal vector for each division is used. Noise measurement device. The noise measurement apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the element of the characteristic parameter is a time when the duration of the sound measurement signal is reduced by a predetermined value (ΔL) from a maximum value (LAmax) of the sound pressure level of the sound measurement signal. The frequency band level and / or moving direction average normal vector for each divided time zone (t1, t2, t3) or rising time zone (t1) is used. Noise measurement device. 2. The noise measuring device according to claim 1, wherein, as the element of the characteristic parameter, the duration of the sound measurement signal is based on the maximum value (LAmax) of the sound pressure level of the sound measurement signal, and the rise of the sound measurement signal to the maximum value is set as a reference. A noise measuring apparatus using a frequency band level in a time zone and / or a moving direction average normal vector.

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