JP2011214451A - Waste power generator utilizing solar heat - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a waste power generator utilizing solar heat which improves utilization efficiency of exhaust steam in a steam turbine generated from waste treatment furnace facility.SOLUTION: The waste power generator utilizing solar heat includes: a boiler 51 which recovers heat from exhaust gas of a waste treatment furnace 50 to generate steam; a steam turbine power generator 52 which generates electricity with the steam from the boiler 51; a steam utilizing heat exchanger 10 which utilizes part of the steam form the boiler; a low-boiling medium evaporator 20 which generates low-boiling medium steam by heat exchange using at least one of the exhaust steam from the steam turbine power generator 52, the exhaust steam from the steam utilizing heat exchanger 10 and a steam drain; a solar heat collector 30 which collects solar heat; a steam superheating device 40 with solar heat receiving, which receives the collected solar heat and heats the low-boiling medium steam from the low-boiling medium evaporator up to higher temperature than saturated steam temperature to generate low-boiling medium superheated steam; and a low-boiling medium steam turbine generator 56 which generates electricity with the low-boiling medium superheated steam.

Description

  The present invention relates to a solar-powered waste power generation apparatus provided in a waste treatment furnace facility that incinerates or gasifies and melts waste.

  In a waste treatment furnace facility that incinerates or gasifies and melts waste, steam generated by recovering waste heat from a waste heat boiler from the combustion exhaust gas of an incinerator or gasification and melting furnace from the viewpoint of effective use of energy Is supplied to a steam turbine for power generation and used for power generation. In addition, some of the steam generated in the waste heat boiler is used to preheat the combustion support gas that is supplied to the incinerator or gasification melting furnace, to reheat the exhaust gas that has been discharged from the furnace and cooled, or to the waste treatment furnace. Although it is used for heating and hot water supply in facilities, it is desired to further improve the utilization rate of waste heat generated from waste incinerator facilities.

  In Patent Document 1, power is generated by a steam turbine generator using steam generated by recovering waste heat in a waste heat boiler of a waste incinerator, and the waste steam from the steam turbine generator is used as a heat source. There is disclosed a two-stage waste power generation apparatus that generates electric power with a low-boiling-point medium steam turbine generator using low-boiling-point medium steam generated by generating steam as a boiling-point medium.

JP 2000-145408 A

  In the power generation device of Patent Document 1, power is generated by a low boiling point medium steam turbine generator using steam of a low boiling point medium that generates waste steam of a steam turbine generator as a heat source. Therefore, relatively low temperature waste steam is used as a heat source. Therefore, there is a limit to increasing the low-boiling-point medium steam temperature, and there is a problem that the power generation efficiency of the low-boiling-point medium steam turbine generator is low.

  In addition, waste heat generated by waste heat boilers and steam drains that are generated when preheating the combustion-supporting gas using the heat of a portion of the steam generated in the waste heat boiler or reheating the exhaust gas, and the relatively low-temperature waste heat possessed by the steam drain. No effective technology has yet been developed that can further utilize.

  In view of the above problems, the present invention is to provide a solar heat-generated waste power generation apparatus that can improve the utilization efficiency of waste steam of steam turbines and relatively low-temperature waste heat generated from waste treatment furnace facilities. And

  According to the present invention, in the waste power generation apparatus provided in the waste treatment furnace facility that incinerates or gasifies and melts the waste, the above problem is solved by the first invention or the second invention configured as follows.

<First invention>
Utilizes heat from a boiler that generates heat by recovering heat from exhaust gas discharged from a waste treatment furnace, a steam turbine power generator that generates electricity using steam generated by the boiler, and heat from some of the steam generated by the boiler The low-boiling-point medium steam is generated by heat exchange between the steam-utilizing heat exchanger and at least one of the waste steam discharged from the steam turbine power generator, the waste steam discharged from the steam-based heat exchanger, and the steam drain. Saturate the low-boiling-point medium vapor generated by the low-boiling-point medium evaporator by receiving the collected solar heat and exchanging heat with the received solar heat. A solar heat receiving steam superheater that generates low boiling point medium superheated steam by heating to a temperature higher than the steam temperature, and a low boiling point medium steam turbine power generation that generates power using the generated low boiling point medium superheated steam Solar thermal power generation from waste apparatus comprising: the location, the.

  According to the first aspect of the present invention, the exhaust gas is discharged from the steam turbine driven by the steam generated by the waste heat of the exhaust gas from the combustion furnace or the gasification melting furnace (hereinafter also referred to as “waste treatment furnace”). By generating low-boiling-point medium steam by heat exchange with waste steam, and utilizing solar heat in the process of obtaining superheated steam from this low-boiling-point medium saturated steam, using low-temperature medium steam turbine power generation using high-temperature superheated steam, Even if relatively low-temperature waste steam is used as a low boiling point medium evaporation heat source, power generation can be performed using high-temperature superheated steam, so that power generation efficiency can be increased, and the amount of heat received from solar heat can be converted into electric power with high efficiency.

  In such a first invention, the steam-based heat exchanger generates a combustion support gas preheater supplied to the waste treatment furnace, a reheater of exhaust gas cooled from the waste treatment furnace, and hot water. It may be at least one of a heat exchanger for heating and air conditioning.

<Second invention>
Utilizes heat from a boiler that generates heat by recovering heat from exhaust gas discharged from a waste treatment furnace, a steam turbine power generator that generates electricity using steam generated by the boiler, and heat from some of the steam generated by the boiler A steam-based heat exchanger, a solar heat collector that collects solar heat, a solar heat receiver that receives the collected solar heat, and generates low-boiling-point vapor by heat exchange with the received solar heat; The low-boiling-point medium steam generated in the solar heat receiving evaporator is converted into saturated steam temperature by heat exchange with at least one of the waste steam discharged from the steam turbine generator, the waste steam discharged from the steam heat exchanger, and the steam drain. A low boiling point medium superheater that heats to a higher temperature to generate low boiling point medium superheated steam, and a low boiling point medium steam turbine power generator that generates power using the generated low boiling point medium superheated steam If, solar thermal power generation from waste apparatus comprising: a.

  According to the second invention having such a configuration, the waste gas from the combustion furnace or the gasification and melting furnace is discarded in the process of generating the low boiling point medium vapor by the amount of heat received by the solar heat and obtaining the superheated steam from the low boiling point medium saturated steam. By utilizing the waste heat of the waste steam discharged from the steam turbine driven by the steam generated by heat and generating the low boiling point steam turbine power generation using the high temperature superheated steam, the waste heat of the relatively low temperature waste steam is reduced. Even if it uses, since it can generate electric power using high temperature superheated steam, power generation efficiency can be made high.

  In such a second invention as well, as in the case of the first invention, the steam heat exchanger is a preheater for supporting gas supplied to the waste treatment furnace, and the exhaust gas discharged from the waste treatment furnace and cooled. The reheater may be at least one of a heater for generating hot water and a heat exchanger for heating and air conditioning.

  As described above, according to the present invention, the low-boiling-point medium steam turbine is driven by the low-boiling-point medium superheated steam, and when the low-boiling-point medium superheated steam is generated, the low-boiling point medium liquid is used as waste steam from the waste treatment furnace facility. Heat by heat exchange to generate low boiling point medium vapor, which is converted into low boiling point medium superheated steam by solar heat, or after low boiling point medium liquid is heated by solar heat to obtain low boiling point medium saturated vapor, Heat is generated from the waste treatment furnace facility by heat exchange with steam to produce low boiling point medium superheated steam, so that the amount of power generation can be increased and the relatively low temperature waste heat generated from the waste treatment furnace facility can be increased. The utilization efficiency can be improved, and the amount of solar heat received can be converted into electric power with high efficiency.

It is a schematic block diagram of the apparatus of 1st embodiment of this invention. It is a schematic block diagram of the apparatus of 2nd embodiment of this invention.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

<First embodiment>
In the present embodiment shown in FIG. 1, the low-boiling-point medium liquid is heated with the waste steam after the steam turbine with a generator is driven by the steam from the waste treatment furnace and the waste steam after the heat exchange with the heat exchanger. The low boiling point medium saturated steam is generated and heated by the solar heat collector and the solar heat receiving steam superheater to obtain the low boiling point medium superheated steam. Is supposed to do.

  Prior to describing the overall configuration of the present embodiment, a steam heat exchanger, a low boiling point medium evaporator, a solar heat collector, and a solar heat receiving steam superheater will be described in advance.

<Steam heat exchanger>
In FIG. 1, a steam heat exchanger 10 is a heat exchanger that uses a part of steam generated in a waste heat boiler, and the following is a preheater of combustion supporting gas for a waste treatment furnace as follows. It is used as a reheater for exhaust gas from a waste treatment furnace and a heater for water and heat medium used in a waste treatment furnace facility.
-Preheater for combustion support gas supplied to waste treatment furnace Air, oxygen, oxygen-enriched air, circulating exhaust gas, circulation supplied to combustion chamber, secondary combustion chamber, and waste gasification and melting furnace of waste incinerator It is a preheater that preheats a combustion-supporting gas such as a mixed gas of exhaust gas and air by heat exchange with steam.
-Reheater of exhaust gas discharged from the waste treatment furnace and cooled The exhaust gas discharged from the waste treatment furnace is cooled to a temperature suitable for processing for removing dust, HCl, SOx, etc. contained in the exhaust gas. It is a reheater that raises the temperature by heat exchange with steam to a temperature suitable for denitration of NOx contained in the cooled exhaust gas, or prevents white smoke from being generated when exhaust gas is discharged from the chimney This is a reheater that reheats exhaust gas by heat exchange with steam.
-A heater that heats water by heat exchange with steam to produce hot water for use in waste treatment furnace facilities.
-It is a heat exchanger that heats the heat medium by exchanging heat with steam for heating and air conditioning of the waste treatment furnace facility.

<Low boiling point medium evaporator>
The low boiling point medium evaporator 20 includes a heat exchange pipe for performing heat exchange of the low boiling point medium liquid, and the low boiling point medium liquid flows through the heat exchange pipe. In the low boiling point medium evaporator 20, the low boiling point medium liquid in the heat exchange pipe exchanges heat with at least one of the waste steam discharged from the steam turbine, the waste steam discharged from the steam heat exchanger 10 and the steam drain. And heated to produce saturated vapor of a low boiling point medium. Here, examples of the low boiling point medium used include ammonia, pentane, ethane, propane, dimethyl ether, butane, and chlorofluorocarbon, and any medium having a lower boiling point than water may be used. I can't.

<Solar heat collector>
The solar heat collecting device 30 is configured to collect solar heat. For example, the solar control device 30 controls the direction of a plurality of reflecting mirrors and reflecting mirrors according to the movement of the sun, and the reflected and converged sun. It has a converging reflector or lens for further converging light, and sunlight is reflected and converged by the reflecting mirror, and further condensed by the converging reflector or lens, thereby collecting solar heat. The heat is brought to the next solar heat receiving device.

<Solar heat receiving steam superheater>
The solar heat receiving steam superheater 40 receives the solar heat collected by the solar heat collecting apparatus 30 and performs heat exchange between the received solar heat and the low boiling point medium saturated steam generated by the low boiling point medium evaporator 20. The low boiling point medium saturated steam is heated to a temperature higher than the saturated steam temperature to generate a low boiling point medium superheated steam.

  In the apparatus of the present embodiment shown in FIG. 1, the waste treatment furnace 50 is a treatment provided with either an incinerator for incinerating the input waste and a melting furnace for gasifying and melting the waste, or both furnaces. It is a furnace. The waste processing furnace 50 receives the combustion support gas and processes the waste, and has a boiler 51, a steam turbine 52, and a generator 53 as accompanying equipment. The heat of the high-temperature exhaust gas discharged from the waste treatment furnace 50 is recovered by the boiler 51, the steam turbine 52 is driven by the superheated steam obtained by the boiler 51, and the generator 53 connected to the steam turbine 52 is rotated. Generate electricity. Combustion gas supplied to the waste treatment furnace 50 includes air, oxygen, oxygen-enriched air, circulating exhaust gas that circulates exhaust gas discharged from the waste treatment furnace 50, and a mixed gas of the circulating exhaust gas and air. A gas containing at least one of them can be used.

  The boiler 51 is connected to the steam turbine 52 with the generator 53 that receives the superheated steam generated by the boiler 51, and receives the steam discharged from the boiler 51 separately from the delivery of the superheated steam. The steam-use heat exchanger 10 described above is connected. The low boiling point medium evaporator 20 described above is connected to the steam heat exchanger 10 and the steam turbine 52. The low boiling point medium evaporator 20 receives the waste steam from the steam turbine 52 and the waste steam and steam drain from the steam utilizing heat exchanger 10, and heats the low boiling point medium liquid to produce a low boiling point medium saturated steam, The steam that has been subjected to the generation of the low boiling point medium saturated steam is condensed by the condenser 54 and is connected to the boiler 51 so as to be returned to the boiler 51 together with makeup water by the pump 55.

  The low boiling point medium evaporator 20 is connected to the above-described solar heat receiving steam superheater 40 for the low boiling point medium saturated steam. The solar heat receiving steam superheater 40 is connected to the solar heat collector 30 described above, and receives solar heat collected by the solar heat collector 30. In the solar heat receiving steam superheater 40, the low boiling point medium saturated steam from the low boiling point medium evaporator 20 is heated by solar heat to form low boiling point medium superheated steam.

  In the present embodiment, the low boiling point is obtained by using a relatively low temperature waste heat such as at least one of the waste steam discharged from the steam turbine 52, the waste steam discharged from the steam heat exchanger 10 and the steam drain. The medium evaporator 20 generates saturated steam of a low boiling point medium, and then the solar heat receiving steam superheater 40 generates superheated steam using solar heat. Therefore, the degree of superheat is increased by the collected solar heat. High superheated steam or high enthalpy superheated steam can be generated. Therefore, the power generation efficiency with respect to the thermal energy of the relatively low temperature waste heat and solar heat generated in the waste treatment furnace facility can be greatly improved.

  It is preferable that a heat storage material is provided inside the solar heat receiving steam superheater 40. In this way, by providing a heat storage material inside the solar heat receiving steam superheater 40, fluctuations in the amount of solar radiation due to daytime and nighttime and weather (clear weather, cloudy weather, rainy weather, etc.) can be smoothed, and highly efficient power generation Can be maintained. Further, by increasing the heat storage amount of the heat storage material, it is possible to smooth the heat supply over a period of several days to several weeks.

The heat storage material is, for example, a solid metal oxide or a heat transfer oil, preferably a molten salt (NaNO ₃ , KNO ₃ , NaCl, Na ₂ CO _3, etc.) as a phase change material having a large heat capacity, and more preferably, Metal hydroxide (iron hydroxide (heat storage temperature 300 to 400 ° C.)), alkaline earth carbonate (MgCO ₃ (heat storage temperature 450 ° C.)), alkaline earth hydroxide (Ca (OH) ₂ (heat storage temperature 540) °))) or the like, and is stored in the solar heat receiving device 40.

  The solar heat receiving steam superheater 40 is connected to a low boiling point medium steam turbine 56 to which a generator 57 is connected so as to be driven by receiving the low boiling point medium superheated steam from the solar heat receiving steam superheater 40. Thus, the generator 57 generates power by driving.

  The low-boiling-point steam turbine 56 is connected to the low-boiling-point medium evaporator 20 via a condenser 58 and a pump 59 on the exhaust side thereof, and the low-boiling-point steam turbine 56 is used for driving the low-boiling-point steam turbine 56. The boiling point medium vapor is condensed by the condenser 58 to form a low boiling point medium liquid, and then returned to the low boiling point medium evaporator 20 by the pump 59.

  In the apparatus of this embodiment having such a configuration, power generation is performed as follows.

  High-temperature exhaust gas generated in the waste treatment furnace 50 is sent to the boiler 51 to generate superheated steam and high-temperature steam. The superheated steam is sent to the steam turbine 52 to drive the steam turbine 52 to be used for power generation by the generator 53. On the other hand, the steam is sent to the steam-utilizing heat exchanger 10 where it is used for heat exchange. Waste steam after driving the steam turbine 52 and waste steam and steam drain after heat exchange in the steam heat exchanger 10 are sent to the low boiling point medium evaporator 20 where the low boiling point medium is discharged. Heat the solution.

  The low boiling point medium liquid heated by the waste steam or the like in the low boiling point medium evaporator 20 becomes a low boiling point medium saturated steam, and the low boiling point medium saturated steam is sent to the solar heat receiving steam superheater 40. On the other hand, the steam that has been subjected to the heating of the low boiling point medium liquid in the low boiling point medium evaporator 20 is condensed by the condenser 54 and returned to the boiler 51 by the pump 55.

  The low boiling point medium saturated steam sent to the solar heat receiving steam superheater 40 is heated by the solar heat in the solar heat receiving steam superheater 40 to become low boiling point medium superheated steam and sent to the low boiling point medium steam turbine 56, The low boiling point medium steam turbine 56 is driven and used for power generation by the generator 57. The low boiling point medium steam after driving the low boiling point medium steam turbine 56 is cooled by the condenser 58 to become a low boiling point medium liquid and returned to the low boiling point medium evaporator 20. In addition, by using an adsorption refrigerator that uses waste heat generated from the waste treatment furnace facility as a cold heat source for condensing the low-boiling-point medium vapor in the condenser 58, energy for condensing the low-boiling point medium is discarded. It can be covered with energy generated from the waste treatment furnace facility.

<Second Example>
In the present embodiment shown in FIG. 2, the steam discharged from the low boiling point medium steam turbine 56 is condensed in a condenser 58 to become a low boiling point medium liquid, which is converted into a low boiling point medium saturated steam by solar heat, and then the steam turbine. The low boiling point medium steam turbine 56 is heated by heat exchange with at least one of the waste steam discharged from the power generation apparatus, the waste steam discharged from the steam heat exchanger, and the steam drain to become a low boiling point medium superheated steam. It is characterized in that it is driven.

  In FIG. 2, such a feature is the configuration between the low boiling point medium superheater 20 ′ and the low boiling point medium steam turbine 56, and the other parts are the same as those in the first embodiment apparatus of FIG. Reference numerals are assigned and explanations thereof are omitted.

  2, the low-boiling-point steam turbine is connected to the solar heat receiving evaporator 41 via the condenser 58 and the pump 59 on the exhaust side. The solar heat receiving / evaporating apparatus 41 is adapted to receive solar heat from the solar heat collecting apparatus 30. The solar heat receiving / evaporating apparatus 41 heats the low boiling point medium liquid received from the condenser 58 with solar heat to form a low boiling point medium saturated vapor and sends it to the low boiling point medium superheater 20 '. This low boiling point medium saturated steam is heated in the low boiling point medium superheater 20 ′ by heat exchange with at least one of the steam from the steam turbine 52, the steam from the steam heat exchanger 10 and the steam drain. It becomes medium superheated steam and is sent to the low boiling point medium steam turbine 56 to drive it.

  The low boiling point medium superheater 20 ′ receives the low boiling point medium saturated steam and converts it into the low boiling point medium superheated steam. 1 is the same as the low boiling point medium evaporator 20 of the first embodiment in FIG. Further, in the present embodiment device, the solar heat collecting device 30 and the solar heat receiving / evaporating device 41 are arranged in different positions as compared with the solar heat collecting device 30 and the solar heat receiving steam superheating device 40 in the first embodiment. The basics of are the same.

  As described above, in any embodiment of the present invention, steam is generated in a boiler with high-temperature exhaust gas from a waste treatment furnace, and after using this to drive a steam turbine to generate power, Utilizing the energy of waste steam and the energy of solar heat to generate low boiling point medium superheated steam. Can be planned.

  In the present invention, the energy obtained from the waste gas from the waste treatment furnace is not limited to the steam from the boiler, but also relatively low-temperature (200 ° C. or less) waste heat generated in other parts of the waste treatment furnace facility, for example, waste The waste heat recovered from the furnace wall of the processing furnace may be obtained from the heat of the recovered waste heat from the exhaust gas before being discharged from the chimney.

  In the present invention, when the steam turbine is a condensate turbine, condensed water discharged from the condensate turbine may be used as a heat source used for heating the low boiling point medium. In addition, the heat exchanger in the low boiling point medium evaporator is configured so as to utilize the latent heat of evaporation that evaporates the low boiling point medium liquid as cooling heat for condensing waste steam discharged from the steam turbine. Then, it is more preferable.

  Although the present invention relates to a waste power generation device, the present invention is also applied to a power generation device that uses waste heat from a treatment furnace that incinerates or gasifies and melts sludge, biomass, peat, etc., which can be said to be a low-calorie fuel similar to waste. Even in this case, the power generation efficiency improvement effect can be obtained in the same manner as the waste power generation apparatus.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Steam utilization heat exchanger 20 Low boiling point medium evaporator 20 'Low boiling point medium superheater 30 Solar heat collecting device 40 Solar heat receiving steam superheating device 41 Solar heat receiving steam evaporating device 50 Waste treatment furnace 51 Boiler 52, 53 Steam turbine power generator 52 Steam turbine 53 Generator 56, 57 Low-boiling point steam turbine power generator 56 Low-boiling point steam turbine 57 Generator

Claims (3)

In a waste power generation device installed in a waste treatment furnace facility that incinerates or gasifies and melts waste,
A boiler that generates steam by recovering heat from the exhaust gas discharged from the waste treatment furnace;
A steam turbine power generation device that generates power using steam generated in a boiler;
A steam-based heat exchanger that uses heat for a portion of the steam generated in the boiler;
A low-boiling-point medium evaporator that generates low-boiling-point medium steam by heat exchange with at least one of the waste steam discharged from the steam turbine power generator, the waste steam discharged from the steam heat exchanger, and the steam drain;
A solar heat collector for collecting solar heat;
Solar heat that receives the collected solar heat and heats the low-boiling-point medium vapor generated by the low-boiling-point medium evaporator to a temperature higher than the saturated vapor temperature by heat exchange with the received solar heat to generate the low-boiling-point medium superheated steam A receiving steam superheater,
A low-boiling-point medium steam turbine power generation device that generates electric power using the generated low-boiling-point medium superheated steam;
A waste heat power generation apparatus using solar heat. In a waste power generation device installed in a waste treatment furnace facility that incinerates or gasifies and melts waste,
A boiler that generates steam by recovering heat from the exhaust gas discharged from the waste treatment furnace;
A steam turbine power generation device that generates power using steam generated in a boiler;
A steam-based heat exchanger that uses heat for a portion of the steam generated in the boiler;
A solar heat collector for collecting solar heat;
A solar heat receiving evaporator that receives the collected solar heat and generates low boiling point medium vapor by heat exchange with the received solar heat;
The low-boiling-point medium steam generated in the solar heat receiving evaporator is converted into saturated steam temperature by heat exchange with at least one of the waste steam discharged from the steam turbine generator, the waste steam discharged from the steam heat exchanger, and the steam drain. A low boiling point medium superheater that heats to a higher temperature to produce low boiling point medium superheated steam;
A low-boiling-point medium steam turbine power generation device that generates electric power using the generated low-boiling-point medium superheated steam;
A waste heat power generation apparatus using solar heat.   The steam-based heat exchanger consists of a preheating device for supporting gas supplied to a waste treatment furnace, a reheater for exhaust gas cooled from the waste treatment furnace, a heater for generating hot water, and heat for heating and air conditioning. It is at least 1 among the exchangers, The solar-powered waste power generation device of Claim 1 or Claim 2 characterized by the above-mentioned.

Images